Coaching: The Art and Science
Hard work will overcome talent, especially if talent hardly works!
Ethical Decision-Making
Problem-Solving– Apply a formal decision making process– Solve a complex situation
Valuing– Differentiate between ethical and legal issues– Understand rationale for Code of Ethics and basis
of values– Appreciate hierarchy of values in moral dilemma
Ethical Decision-Making
Critical Thinking– Evaluate options for decisions and actions– Appreciate the influence of the Ethical Codes in
decision making Leadership
– Make decisions that influence others– Assume responsibility for decisions and
consequences Interaction
– Exchange of ideas and opinions– Explain rationale for decision
Making Ethical Decisions
Wide range of situations– Touch on sensitive issues
Ethical issues when values compromised Decisions sensitive and difficult
– Understanding of facts– Awareness of values– Appropriate points of reference– Application of rigorous decision-making framework
What would you do?– http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kZmxirK9hWY
Is it a Legal Situation?
Page 24 – 10.2.4 Page 3-5 Reference Material
Criminal or quasi-criminal actions Breach of Contract Grounds child in need of protection Discriminatory actions Harassment Negligence
Actions in Legal Situations
Reporting to policeReporting to child
protection authoritiesReporting to employer or
organization
Dealing with an Ethical Situation
Workbook page 4 Read OverThe Shakespearean Dilemma
– To Play Or Not To Play What are the facts of the situation?
– Use worksheet 1 at end of chapter – page 19
Ethical Situation – The Facts
Athlete is 13 years old Symptoms of injury Everyone agrees injury
symptoms present Parents demand child
take part – OK with GP No note from GP Research indicates long
term consequences No medical examination
Good athlete – provincial team
Parents powerful in club Coach has final
authority (policy) Documentation required
to return from injury Athlete feels pain but
prepared to play Provincial team coach
present
Ethical Issues (pg 6 Reference manual)
Health of the Athlete – long and short term– Reasonable doubt athlete injured
Respect policies and procedures of organization– Return policy in place
Responsibility of Coach, Obligations– Has authority to make decision
Appropriate use of power– Coach by organization, parents over child
Individual Goals Appropriate use of information
Ethical Decision Making Process
1. Establish the facts of the situation.
2. Determine what are the issues – legal implications?
3. Identify Potential Decisions/Actions.
4. Identify Pros and Cons of Decisions/Actions.
5. Select the Best Option.
6. Implement Decision – Manage Consequences.
1 - Establish the facts in the situation
2- From the facts,
determine what is at stake
5- Select the best option for decision
3- Consider potential options for action or
decision, and the consequences of each
4- Assess the pros and cons of each
option
6- Implement the decision and manage the consequences
Have all
the facts been
identified?
- Have I thought about factors that might influence me?
- What values must be preserved in the situation?
- Is this a just and reasonable decision?
- Is this a situation that has legal implications? - If the situation is not legal, what ethical issues might be involved?
How does each option promote a fair decision in relation to the:
- - outcomes or results
- - means used to achieve
-
results
Analysis And Decision-Making Process For Situations That Have Moral Implications
What is the best course of action to follow? Who should be involved?
Decision -Making
Implementation
Analysis
Options for Decision or Actions
“What could I do in this situation?” Identify the extremes of a continuum of
options– Begin with “Make no decision/Take no action”
Coach makes no intervention– Parents proceed with registration of child for
competition Coach allows the athlete to compete Coach does not allow the athlete to compete
What Might Happen?
Coach makes no intervention –lets parents proceed with registration of child– Athlete competes and has chance to be selected– Risk of more damage to the body– Parents, not coach making decision– Coach abdicates responsibility of making decision– Conflict with parents likely avoided
What Might Happen?
Coach decides to allow athlete to compete– Athlete competes and has chance to be
selected– Risk of more damage to the body– Coach assumes authority and
responsibility of making decision– Conflict with parents likely avoided– Breach of club policy?
What Might Happen?
Coach decides not to allow athlete to compete– Athlete does not compete and chance to be selected
may be compromised– Risk of more damage to the body is negated– Coach assumes authority and responsibility of making
decision– Conflict with parents is likely– Provincial team coach may have come for nothing
Assessing Pros and Cons for Decision or Action
Passing judgment on merit of each option Points of reference needed
– Values i.e. deep held beliefs– Core coaching values in
• NCCP Code of Ethics• Fair Play Philosophy• Canadian Professional Coaches Association Statement of
Values
Assessing Pros and ConsOutcome Criteria
1. Promotes positive outcome for majority 2. Minimizes negative implications 3. Potential negatives affect fewest people 4. No risk for physical , intellectual, emotional,
social development of person 5. Does not represent obstacle to goal
achievement 6. Protects interests of vulnerable
Assessing Pros and ConsMeans Criteria Worksheet 2 pg. 15 Workbook
1. Fair and protects rights 2. Consistent with established rules and
principles 3. Consistent with past actions 4. Respects authority of people 5. Based on credible information
Values
NCCP Code of Ethics– Physical safety and
health of athletes– Coaching Responsibility– Maintaining Integrity in
Relations with others– Respect for Athletes– Honouring Sport
Fair Play Principles– Respect Rules of the
game– Respect Officials and
accept their decisions
– Respect the Opponent
– Equal opportunities– Maintain Dignity
Selecting the Best Option Workbook pg. 6 - 2.1.4
F ac to rs o f In flu en ce
P erson a l E xp erien ces P erson a l V a lu es P erson a l C ircu m s tan ces
In te rn a l F ac to rs(see p g 2 0 )
Selecting the Best Option Workbook pg. 6 - 2.1.4
F ac to rs o f In flu en ce
E con om ics an d P o lit ic s S everity o f S itu a tion O rg an iza tion a l, In s titu tion a lan d S oc ia l A sp ec ts
E xte rn a l F ac to rs(see p g 2 0 )
What Influences How You View A Situation And The Decisions You Make?
This figure has been adapted from Malloy, Ross and Zackus, 2000
Influences internes
Decision-Making
Internal Influences
Personal Experiences
Previous experience with a similar issue
Positive or negative
outcomes of previous similar decisions
Personal Values
Family background/upbringing
Formal education Religious beliefs Age Personal moral
development Cultural background
Personal Circumstances
Employment Coaching level and
development Reputation Personal relationships
External Influences
Economics And Politics
Economic impact of decision on context
Political/rights-based
issues of the situation
Severity Of Situation
Immediacy of the decision
Who is affected?
How many people are
affected?
Organizational, Institutional, And Social Aspects
Relations and links with:
organizations individuals communities
Social norms and
conventions
NCCP Code of Ethics
Impact on Coach’s Job
Athlete’s parents do performance appraisal of coach
Negative evaluation could terminate contract
Make promotion problematic in sport organization
Development of Coach’s Career
Similar to “Coach’s job” Provincial coach frustrated for non
productive trip and could provide obstacles for opportunities within the sport
Coach’s Reputation
Yes, regardless of decision Athlete not authorized to compete:
– Coach perceived as someone who acts according to convictions
– Cares about well being of athlete Athlete authorized to compete:
– Vice versa to not authorized– Influenced by pressure or power groups
Effect on Finances
Probably not
Undermine Personal Relations
If athlete not authorized to compete– Conflict between parents and coach– Comfort level between coach and
provincial team coach– Athlete frustration if not selected to
provincial team
Immediate decision
Must be made within the hour
Detrimental to Delay
Yes; If athlete authorized to play possibility
injury could get worse
Question Social Conventions
Organization has policy regarding authority of the coach
Parents have legal responsibility of their child
Coach does not allow athlete to compete, goes against wishes of parents
Professional or Social Standards
Yes Coach has moral obligations to make
decisions in the best interests of the athlete (i.e. NCCP Code of Ethics, CPCA Statement of Values, Fair Play Principles)
Do No Harm Principle! Pg. 15 Reference Manual
Your Decision?
Why it is the best decision? Give rationale
Action Plan – Implementing the Decision Workbook page 18 Who needs to know? What may happen? Ability to deal on your own? Plan B – what next if resolution doesn’t
work
NCCP Core Competencies
Problem-Solving– Apply a formal decision making process– Solve a complex situation
Valuing– Differentiate between ethical and legal issues– Understand rationale for Code of Ethics and basis
of values– Appreciate hierarchy of values in moral dilemma
NCCP Core Competencies
Critical Thinking– Evaluate options for decisions and actions– Appreciate the influence of the Ethical Codes in
decision making Leadership
– Make decisions that influence others– Assume responsibility for decisions and
consequences Interaction
– Exchange of ideas and opinions– Explain rationale for decision