Codan L-Band Block Upconverter (BUC) System

HiSeasNet Training Course

SIO, August 2009

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Codan L-Band Low Power Block Codan L-Band Low Power Block Upconverter (LBUC) Upconverter (LBUC)

Technical Overview

Main Components

Low Power BUC(Block Upconverter)

TRANSMIT

LNB

RECEIVE

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Low Power Block Upconverter Low Power Block Upconverter (LBUC)(LBUC)

BUC(Block Up Converter)

TX L-Band Input10 MHz Freq Ref from Comtech ModemFSK M&C to and from Comtech Modem

24 or 48 VDC from modem

RX L-Band Output from LNB+15VDC power from Comtech modem

+10MHz Freq Ref from Comtech modedm

LNB

Antenna

Transceiver Block Diagram

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L-Band IF Transceiver - TransmitL-Band IF Transceiver - Transmit

• Tx IF cable carries:Tx IF cable carries:

Tx L-Band IF signalTx L-Band IF signal Frequency Reference from Modem or Interface Unit (10 MHz)Frequency Reference from Modem or Interface Unit (10 MHz)

FSK Monitor & Control signalsFSK Monitor & Control signals

24 or 48VDC for LBUC supplies24 or 48VDC for LBUC supplies

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L-Band IF Transceiver - ReceiveL-Band IF Transceiver - Receive

• LNBLNBOptional from CodanOptional from Codan

C-Band & Ku-Band versionsC-Band & Ku-Band versions

Rx IF cable carries:Rx IF cable carries:Rx IF signal from LNB to the ModemRx IF signal from LNB to the ModemPower from Modem (15 VDC nominal)Power from Modem (15 VDC nominal)Reference Frequency from Modem (10 MHz)Reference Frequency from Modem (10 MHz)

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LNB SpecificationsLNB Specifications

• Frequency rangeFrequency range

Ku-BandKu-Band Band 1Band 1 10.95 - 11.70 GHz 10.95 - 11.70 GHz Band 2Band 2 11.70 - 12.20 GHz *11.70 - 12.20 GHz *Band 3Band 3 12.25 - 12.75 GHz 12.25 - 12.75 GHz

• GainGainKu-BandKu-Band 60 dB60 dB

• Noise temperatureNoise temperature•Ku-BandKu-Band 75 K max75 K max

NOTE: NOTE: Band 2, 11.70 – 12.20 GHz, is the Ku-Band frequency range Band 2, 11.70 – 12.20 GHz, is the Ku-Band frequency range used by used by HiSeasNet ships operating on Satmex 5, Beams 1 and 2HiSeasNet ships operating on Satmex 5, Beams 1 and 2

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Block Upconverter (BUC) Transmit Block Upconverter (BUC) Transmit Frequency ConversionsFrequency Conversions

• The Block Upconverter (BUC) is responsible for the transmission of the The Block Upconverter (BUC) is responsible for the transmission of the desired carrier at the correct TX frequency. It takes the L-Band input from desired carrier at the correct TX frequency. It takes the L-Band input from the modem and upconverts it to Ku-Band using a local oscillator (LO) inside the modem and upconverts it to Ku-Band using a local oscillator (LO) inside the BUC. the BUC.

• The purpose of a local oscillator is to convert a desired frequency, either up The purpose of a local oscillator is to convert a desired frequency, either up or down, from one band to anotheror down, from one band to another

Downconversion - Ku-Band + LO = L-BandDownconversion - Ku-Band + LO = L-BandUpconversion - L-Band + LO = Ku-BandUpconversion - L-Band + LO = Ku-Band

• The BUC is a single conversion system which is frequency inverting. This The BUC is a single conversion system which is frequency inverting. This means that the higher the L-Band frequency the lower the transmit RF means that the higher the L-Band frequency the lower the transmit RF frequency.frequency.

• Ku-Band requires only one LO frequency to cover the full Ku-Band frequency Ku-Band requires only one LO frequency to cover the full Ku-Band frequency plan. This LO Frequency is 15.450 GHz. Note that this LO frequency is plan. This LO Frequency is 15.450 GHz. Note that this LO frequency is aboveabove the entire TX Band (14.0 – 14.5 GHz). That is why the frequencies are the entire TX Band (14.0 – 14.5 GHz). That is why the frequencies are invertedinverted

• To calculate the required modem IF frequency for a given RF frequency:To calculate the required modem IF frequency for a given RF frequency:

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = frequency = frequencyLOLO – frequency – frequencyRFRF

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BUC Frequency Plan (Ku-Band)BUC Frequency Plan (Ku-Band)

• Ku-Band - LBUCKu-Band - LBUC• RF: 13750 - 14500 MHz RF: 13750 - 14500 MHz

(Extended TX Range)(Extended TX Range)• IF: 950 - 1700 MHzIF: 950 - 1700 MHz• LO fixed at 15450 MHzLO fixed at 15450 MHz

Ku-Band - MBUCKu-Band - MBUCRF: 14000 - 14500 MHzRF: 14000 - 14500 MHz

(Standard TX Range)(Standard TX Range)IF: 950 - 1450 MHzIF: 950 - 1450 MHz

LO fixed at 15450 MHzLO fixed at 15450 MHz

1700 MHz1700 MHz

1450 MHz1450 MHz

950 MHz950 MHz

14500 MHz14500 MHz

14000 MHz14000 MHz

13750 MHz13750 MHzIF inputIF input RF outputRF output

1450 MHz1450 MHz

950 MHz950 MHz 14000 MHz14000 MHz

14500 MHz14500 MHz

IF inputIF input RF outputRF output

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Frequency Conversion Examples - Frequency Conversion Examples - TransmitTransmit

• Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration.the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration.

Transmit FrequencyTransmit Frequency - - Calculate the L-Band transmit Calculate the L-Band transmit frequency to be frequency to be entered in the Comtech entered in the Comtech modem tomodem to transmit the correct transmit the correct Ku-Band frequency.Ku-Band frequency.

Required TX Ku-Band FrequencyRequired TX Ku-Band Frequency => 14.436215 GHz => 14.436215 GHz (14436.215 MHz)(14436.215 MHz)

BUC LO FrequencyBUC LO Frequency => 15.450 GHz (15450.000 MHz)=> 15.450 GHz (15450.000 MHz)

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = frequency = frequencyLOLO – frequency – frequencyRFRF

frequencyfrequencyIF IF = 15450.000 MHz – 14436.215 MHz= 15450.000 MHz – 14436.215 MHz

frequencyfrequencyIF IF = 1013.785 MHz= 1013.785 MHz

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Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) Frequency PlanFrequency Plan

• Each Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) used in this system has its own Each Low Noise Block Downconverter (LNB) used in this system has its own internal Reference Oscillator it uses to downconvert the received Ku-Band internal Reference Oscillator it uses to downconvert the received Ku-Band Signals to L-Band signals. This oscillator is commonly referred to as the Local Signals to L-Band signals. This oscillator is commonly referred to as the Local Oscillator (LO). The LO frequency is different depending on the 3 different Oscillator (LO). The LO frequency is different depending on the 3 different Receive Bands.Receive Bands.

• The three Receive Bands are:The three Receive Bands are:

Band 1Band 1 10.95 - 11.70 GHz 10.95 - 11.70 GHz LNB LO Freq = 10.00 GHzLNB LO Freq = 10.00 GHz

Band 2Band 2 11.70 - 12.20 GHz11.70 - 12.20 GHz LNB LO Freq = 10.75 GHz LNB LO Freq = 10.75 GHz

Band 3Band 3 12.25 - 12.75 GHz12.25 - 12.75 GHz LNB LO Freq = 11.30 GHzLNB LO Freq = 11.30 GHz

• The LNB Downconversion process is a single step process that is The LNB Downconversion process is a single step process that is NOTNOT Frequency Frequency Inverted. This means that the LO frequency is simply subtracted from the Ku-Inverted. This means that the LO frequency is simply subtracted from the Ku-Band Receive frequency to determine the L-Band Receive Frequency.Band Receive frequency to determine the L-Band Receive Frequency.

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = frequency = frequencyRF RF – frequency– frequencyLOLO

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Frequency Conversion Examples - Frequency Conversion Examples - ReceiveReceive

Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based Following are frequency conversion calculation examples based on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration.on the R/V Oceanus Shipboard configuration.

Receive FrequencyReceive Frequency - - Calculate the L-Band receive frequency to be entered in Calculate the L-Band receive frequency to be entered in the Comtech the Comtech modem to receive the transmitted Ku-Band modem to receive the transmitted Ku-Band frequency.frequency.

FirstFirst –– Convert the Transmit Ku-band frequency to the Receive Ku-Band Convert the Transmit Ku-band frequency to the Receive Ku-Band frequency. frequency. Do this by subtracting the satellite translation value from Do this by subtracting the satellite translation value from the TX Ku-Band the TX Ku-Band frequency. The satellite translation value is 2300 MHzfrequency. The satellite translation value is 2300 MHz

Transmit Ku-Band Frequency - Translation Value = Receive Ku-Band Transmit Ku-Band Frequency - Translation Value = Receive Ku-Band FrequencyFrequency

14436.215 MHz14436.215 MHz - - 2300 MHz = 2300 MHz = 12136.215 MHz12136.215 MHz

NextNext – – Subtract the LNB LO frequency from the Receive Ku-Band Subtract the LNB LO frequency from the Receive Ku-Band Frequency to Frequency to determine the correct Receive L-Band Frequency. The determine the correct Receive L-Band Frequency. The LO frequency of the LO frequency of the LNB is 10750.000 MHz LNB is 10750.000 MHz

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = frequency = frequencyRF RF – frequency– frequencyLOLO

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = 12136.215 MHz - 10750 MHz = 12136.215 MHz - 10750 MHz

frequencyfrequencyIFIF = 1386.215 MHz = 1386.215 MHz

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BUC Indicators/AlarmsBUC Indicators/Alarms

• There are three LEDs on the BUCThere are three LEDs on the BUC

– PWR (Power)PWR (Power) GreenGreen – Indicating Power present – Indicating Power present

– Tx (Transmit)Tx (Transmit) YellowYellow – Indicates BUC RF PA is ON– Indicates BUC RF PA is ON

– FLT (Fault)FLT (Fault) RedRed – Two possible states: – Two possible states:OnOn – steady– steadyFlash Flash – two flashes every– two flashes every second second

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BUC Fault LEDBUC Fault LED

• OFFOFF No Faults or latched faults present.No Faults or latched faults present.

• ONON Fault Condition existsFault Condition exists Over Temperature (>90ºC)Over Temperature (>90ºC) Fan FaultFan Fault PA FaultPA Fault LO FaultLO Fault Output power below set thresholdOutput power below set threshold Hardware/software incompatibilityHardware/software incompatibility

• FlashingFlashing Primarily used in Redundant Systems to Primarily used in Redundant Systems to indicate:indicate:

LNB FaultLNB Fault Redundancy Controller FaultRedundancy Controller Fault

((NOTE HiSeasNet does not have any redundant systems)NOTE HiSeasNet does not have any redundant systems)

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Codan L-Band LBUCCodan L-Band LBUC

>HLP>HLPGeneral Help (this Display) General Help (this Display) HLPHLPHelp for Set Commands Help for Set Commands HSCHSCHelp for Output Commands Help for Output Commands HOCHOCHelp for Reset Commands Help for Reset Commands HRCHRCHelp for View Commands Help for View Commands HVCHVC

>HSC>HSCSet Transmit On Set Transmit On STOn n=0: Off, n=1: OnSTOn n=0: Off, n=1: OnSet On Line Set On Line SOLn n=0: Off-Line, n=1: On-LineSOLn n=0: Off-Line, n=1: On-LineSet Compensation Freq Set Compensation Freq SCFn 13750<=n<=14500, 950<=n<=1700, n=0: SCFn 13750<=n<=14500, 950<=n<=1700, n=0:

WidebandWidebandSet Transmit Attenuator Set Transmit Attenuator STAn n=0, 4, 8, 12STAn n=0, 4, 8, 12Set Tx Alarm Threshold Set Tx Alarm Threshold SATn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: DisableSATn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: DisableSet Burst Threshold Set Burst Threshold SBTn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: DisableSBTn 16.0<=n<=33.0, n=0: DisableSet LO Frequency Set LO Frequency SLOn n=15450SLOn n=15450Set Transmit Default Set Transmit Default STDn n=0: Transmit Off, n=1: Last StateSTDn n=0: Transmit Off, n=1: Last StateSet Redundancy Mode Set Redundancy Mode SRMn n=0: Non, n=1: Warm, n=2: HotSRMn n=0: Non, n=1: Warm, n=2: HotSet Serial Interface Set Serial Interface SSIr,l,p,s,t (Rate, Len, Parity, Stop, Term)SSIr,l,p,s,t (Rate, Len, Parity, Stop, Term)Set Packet Protocol Set Packet Protocol SPPn 0<=n<=4SPPn 0<=n<=4Set Packet Address Set Packet Address SADn 1<=n<=126SADn 1<=n<=126Set Echo Set Echo SECn n=0: Echo Off, n=1: Echo OnSECn n=0: Echo Off, n=1: Echo On

BUC Command List – 69xxBUC Command List – 69xx

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Codan L-Band LBUCCodan L-Band LBUC

>HOC>HOC

Output Tx On Output Tx On OTO OTO Output On Line State Output On Line State OOLOOLOutput Tx Frequency Output Tx Frequency OCF OCF Output Tx Attenuator Output Tx Attenuator OTAOTAOutput Pwr Alarm Thresh Output Pwr Alarm Thresh OAT OAT Output Burst Threshold Output Burst Threshold OBTOBTOutput LO Frequency Output LO Frequency OLO OLO Output Tx Default Output Tx Default OTDOTDOutput Redundant Mode Output Redundant Mode ORM ORM Output Serial I/face Output Serial I/face OSIOSIOutput Packet Protocol Output Packet Protocol OPP OPP Output Packet Address Output Packet Address OADOADOutput Echo Output Echo OEC OEC Output System Status Output System Status OSSOSSOutput Fault Status Output Fault Status OFS OFS Output Latched Faults Output Latched Faults OLFOLFOutput Status Poll Output Status Poll OSP OSP Output PA State Output PA State OPAOPAOutput Burst Power Output Burst Power OBP OBP Output Power Output Output Power Output OPOOPOOutput Temp of BUC Output Temp of BUC OTB OTB Output IF Compen. Freq Output IF Compen. Freq OICOICOutput Identity Data Output Identity Data OID OID Output Max/Min Temps Output Max/Min Temps OMTOMTOutput Protocol Data Output Protocol Data OPD OPD Output Limit Data Output Limit Data OLDOLDOutput Device Type Output Device Type ODT ODT Output Build Standard Output Build Standard OBSOBSOutput BUC Config Output BUC Config OBCOBC

BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)

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Codan L-Band LBUCCodan L-Band LBUC

• HRCHRC

• Reset BUC Reset BUC RST RST Reset Change Bits Reset Change Bits RCBRCB• Reset to Default Values Reset to Default Values RDV RDV Reset Latched Faults Reset Latched Faults RLFHVCRLFHVC• View System Status View System Status VSS VSS View Fault Status View Fault Status VFSVFS• View Limit Data View Limit Data VLD VLD View Protocol Data View Protocol Data VPDVPD• View Operational Data View Operational Data VOD VOD View Build Standard View Build Standard VBSVBS• View Identity Data View Identity Data VIDVID

BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)BUC Command List – 69xx (cont)