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COFFEE,TEA,SPICES.

BY: A nkita M ewara

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• followed by the new areas developed in the non-traditionalareas of Andhra Pradesh and Orissa in the eastern coast ofthe country and with a third region comprising the states of

Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Tripura, Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh of North eastern India, popularlyknown as ―Seven Sister States of India". 

• The four well known varieties of coffee grown are theArabica, robusta, the first variety that was introduced in theBaba Budan Giri hill ranges of Karnataka in the 17th centurymarketed over the years under the brand names of Kent

and S.795.

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.• Coffee is grown in three regions of India with Karnataka,

Kerala and Tamil Nadu forming the traditional coffee

growing region of South India,

• Coffee growing has a long history that is attributed first to

Ethiopia and then to Arabia, mostly to Yemen However,

the earliest history is traced to 875 AD according to theBibliotheque Nationale in Paris. The original source isalso traced to Abyssinia from where it was brought toArabia in the 15th century.

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.• The Indian context started with an Indian Muslim saint, Baba

Budan, while on a pilgrimage to Mecca, smuggled sevencoffee beans (by tying it around his waist) from Yemen to

Mysore in India and planted them on the Chandragiri Hills (1,829 metres (6,001 ft)), now named after the saint as BabaBudan Giri (‗Giri‘ means ―hill‖) in Chikkamagaluru district.

• It was considered an illegal act to take out green coffee seedout of Arabia. As number seven is a sacrosanct number inIslamic religion, the saint‘s act of carrying seven coffee beans

was considered a religious act. This was the beginning ofcoffee industry in India, and in particular, in the then state ofMysore, now part of the Karnataka State.

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• This was an achievement of considerable bravery of BabaBudan considering the fact that Arabs had exercised strictcontrol over its export to other countries by not permitting

coffee beans to be exported in any form other than as in aroasted or boiled form to prevent germination.

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.• In 1942, the government decided to regulate the export 

of coffee and protect the small and marginal farmers by 

passing the Coffee VII Act of 1942, under which got 

established, operated by the ministry of commerce.

•  The government dramatically increased their control of 

coffee exports in India and pooled the coffees of its

growers. In doing so, they reduced the incentives for

farmers to produce high-quality coffee, so quality 

became stagnant .

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Coffee Exports 

• Coffee production in India grew rapidly in the1970s, increasing from 68,948 tonnes in 1971 –72 to 120,000 tonnes in 1979 –80 and grew by4.6 percent in the 1980s.

• It grew by more than 30 percent in the 1990s,rivalled only by Uganda in the growth ofproduction.

• By 2007, organic coffee was grown in about2,600 hectares (6,400 acres) with an estimatedproduction of about 1700 tonnes.

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• Coffee exports from India rose by over 57 per cent in thefirst 11 months of 2010 to 2.71 lakh tonnes buoyed byincreased production.

• The country had docked 1.72 lakh tonnes coffee during theJanuary-November period of the last year.

• Asia's largest coffee exporter, India had exported 2.04 lakhtonnes coffee in 2009-10, up from 1.96 lakh tonnes in the2008-09 fiscal.

• According to Coffee Board estimates, production in Indiaduring the year is likely to go up to 3.08 lakh tonnes from2.89 lakh tonnes last year .

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• India's biggest coffee market overseas are Italy, Germanyand Russia. Together, these three countries constitute over40 per cent of India's total exports.

• "The US is the world's largest coffee-consuming nation.

They consume more than our entire output in a year. Japanhas also a good market. So our motive will be exporting asmuch as possible in these markets,".

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 TEA PRODUCTION 

• Tea plants are native to East and South Asia and probablyoriginated around the point of confluence of the lands ofnortheast India, north Burma, southwest China, and Tibet.Although tales exist in regards to the beginnings of teabeing used as a beverage, no one is sure of its exactorigins.

• The usage of tea as a beverage was first recorded inChina, with the earliest records of tea consumption withrecords dating back to the 10th century BC.

• It was already a common drink during Qin Dynasty (around200 BC) and became widely popular during Tang Dynasty,when it was spread to Korea and Japan. Trade of tea by theChinese to Western nations in the 19th century spread teaand the tea plant to numerous locations around the world.

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• Tea was imported to Europe during the Portugueseexpansion trips in 16th century and called it chá.

• Tea is the most popular drink in the world in terms ofconsumption. Its consumption equals all other manufactureddrinks in the world — including coffee, chocolate, softdrinks, and alcohol — put together.

• Most tea consumed outside East Asia is produced on largeplantations in India or Sri Lanka, and is destined to be soldto large businesses. Opposite this large-scale industrialproduction there are many small "gardens," sometimes

minuscule plantations, that produce highly sought-after teasprized by gourmets. These teas are both rare andexpensive, and can be compared to some of the mostexpensive wines in this respect.

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• In 2003, world tea production was 3.21 million tonnesannually.

• In 2008, world tea production reached over 4.73 milliontonnes. The largest producers of tea are the People'sRepublic of China, India, Kenya, Sri Lanka, and Turkey.

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• In all aspects of tea production, consumption and export,India has emerged to be the world leader, mainly becauseit accounts for 31% of global production. It is perhaps the

only industry where India has retained its leadership overthe last 150 years. Tea production in India has a very

interesting history to it.

• The total turnover of the tea industry is around Rs. 10,000crores.

• Since independence tea production has grown over250%, while land area has just grown by 40%.

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.• There has been a considerable increase in export too in the

past few years. Total net foreign exchange earned perannum is around Rs. 1847 crores.

• The labour intensive tea industry directly employs over 1.1million workers and generates income for another 10 millionpeople approximately. Women constitute 50% of theworkforce.

• Tea trading in the domestic market is done in twoways- Auction and Private Selling. Market Reportsare received from the six major auction centres inIndia, namely, Calcutta, Guwahati, Siliguri, Cochin,Coonoor, Coimbatore and N.I. teauction.com Bulktrading is done through the auctions held in thesecentres.

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• Certification• Workers who pick and pack tea in developing countries

can face harsh working conditions and can earn below the

living wage.

• There are a number of bodies that independently certifythe production of tea.

• Tea from certified estates can be sold with a certification

label on pack.• The most important certification schemes are Rainforest

Alliance, Fairtrade, UTZ Certified, and Organic. All theseschemes certify other crops (like coffee, cocoa and fruit)as well. Rainforest Alliance certified tea is sold by

Unilever brands Lipton and PG Tips in Western Europe,Australia and the US. Fairtrade certified tea is sold by alarge number of suppliers around the world. UTZ Certifiedannounce a partnership in 2008 with Sara Lee brandPickwick tea.

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.• Production of organic tea is rising; 3,500 tonnes of

organic tea were grown in 2003. The majority of this tea(about 75%) is sold in France, Germany, Japan, the

United Kingdom and the United States.

• Tea production (in tonnes)in recent year in India

• 2006 2007 2008• 928,000 949,220 805,180

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TEA EXPORTS

• According to the FAO, in 2007 the largest importer oftea, by weight, was the Russian Federation, followed bythe United Kingdom, Pakistan, and the United States.

• Kenya, China, India and Sri-Lanka were the largestexporters of tea in 2007 (with exports of: 374229,292199, 193459 and 190203 tonnes respectively).

• The largest exporter of black tea in the world is Kenya,while the largest producer (and consumer) of black tea inthe world is India.

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• Failing to meet the target of 200 million kg tea export set for2010, shipments of the beverage from India actuallydeclined by 2.4 per cent to 193.3 million kg during the

period in sync with dip in production.

• According to data released by Tea Board, India hadachieved 198 million kg tea exports in 2009.

• Tea exports have fallen this time as a result of lowerproduction, particularly of the premium Assam variety, andsubdued demand from major importing countries,"

• Former Tea Board Chairman Basudeb Banerjee inNovember last year had said the Board has set 200 millionkg export target for 2010.

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• In 2010, India registered exports of 20 million kg tea toPakistan from just around 5-6 million kg a year-ago.

• In Russia also, our exports are rising. This time we areexpecting to export about 40-45 million kg. Besides,exports to Iran is also set to be 15 million kg," Patrasaid.

• Though exports have fallen in 2010, but with rise inexports to Russia, Pakistan and Iran.

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SPICES

• India grows over 50 different varieties of spices. Totalproduction is around 2.7 million tonnes. Of this, about0.25 million tonnes (8-10 per cent) is exported to morethan 150 countries.

• The Indian share of the world trade in spices is 45-50 percent by volume (25 per cent in value terms).

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• India is famous for its spices that are widely used in industries likepharmaceutical, neutraceuticals, perfumery, toiletry and cosmetics.Indian spices are one of the major suppliers of pepper to a largenumber of countries.

•  Growth in Spices Market 

The Indian spice market has shown remarkable growth inspice and culinary herbs exports. Indian spices

manufacturers are making substantial efforts to improvethe quality of spices backed up by technologicaladvancement in order to tap the international market.

• Advanced technologies such as carbon dioxide extraction,cryogrinding, encapsulation of spice oil is beingundertaken to ensure high quality of spices and theirderivatives.

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.EXPORT OF SPICES FROM INDIA DURING APRIL-OCT2010 COMPARED WITH APRIL-OCT 2009

• April-Feb 2010-2011 April-Feb 2009-2010

Items Qty(tonnes

Value(Lakhs)

Value(US $) Qty(tonnes)

Value(Lakhs)

Value(US $)

Total 471,165

603,074.33

1,323.28

453,495 505,826.46

1,063.44

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• From ancient times, India has maintained its top positionfor being the largest spices exporters and manufacturersin the world.

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Spice producing ares .

• Pepper Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.

• Cardamom (Small) Kerala, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu.• Cardamom (Large) Sikkim, West Bengal.• Ginger Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala,

Madhya Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Arunachal Pradesh, WestBengal, Mizoram, Sikkim, Himachal Pradesh, Tamil Nadu,Uttaranchal, Chattisgarh, Jharkhand.

• Turmeric Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Orissa,Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Kerala, Assam, Bihar,Meghalaya, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh,

• Chilli Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnata,Maharashtra, Orissa, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, WestBengal, Madhya Pradesh, Uttaranchal.

• Coriander Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh,Uttaranchal.8CuminRajasthan, Gujarat, UttarPradesh9FennelGujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh1

• Fenugreek Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh

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 THANK YOU.