Cold War

Cold War

containment of Communism proxy wars arms race

space exploration race to the Moon

deterrence MAD

detente

The Big Three Conferences

Tehran Yalta Potsdam

American nuclear program

Manhattan Project Hiroshima, Nagasaki –

August 1945

Occupation of Germany

Four zones of occupation American Zone British Zone

Bizone French Zone

Trizone Soviet Zone

Emergence of two German states

Berlin 1948 - Berlin blockade

Berlin airlift 1949 – East Germany

(GDR), Federal Republic of Germany (FRG)

Iron Curtain

1946 – Winston Churchill From Stettin in the Baltic to

Trieste in the Adriatic an "iron curtain" has descended across the Continent. Behind that line lie all the capitals of the ancient states of Central and Eastern Europe. Warsaw, Berlin, Prague, Vienna, Budapest, Belgrade, Bucharest and Sofia; all these famous cities and the populations around them lie in what I must call the Soviet sphere, and all are subject, in one form or another, not only to Soviet influence but to a very high and in some cases increasing measure of control from Moscow.

1947 – Red Scare begins

Sen. Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism anti-communist witch-

hunt House Committee on

Un-American Activities Loyalty programs Blacklists

1947 – Truman Doctrine

Greek civil war (1946 – 49)

Communist "Domino effect" 1954 – Domino Theory policy of containment 1948 - Marshall Plan

NATO vs the Warsaw Pact

1949 – NATO 1955 – Warsaw Pact

Soviet nuclear program

1949 – first successful Soviet A-Bomb

1949 – Mao Zedong proclaims People's Republic of China

MAD Mutual Assured Destruction

American theory of deterrence Probability of the enemy first strike

limited due to the second strike capability

Second strike capabilities reassured by the nuclear arsenals build-up

MAD doctrine speeded up the arms race

American and Soviet nuclear potentials EXAMPLE: 14 Trident class Submarines

(Ohio Class Submarine) 24 Trident missiles each 8 warheads 475Kt each (fat man

dropped on Hiroshima - between 13 and 18 Kt). In comparison – the largest nuclear weapon ever produced: 25MT B41 (500 of these were produced…)

(potentially 12 warheads, yet treaties reduce the number to 8).

Korean War (1950 – 1952 (present)) Japanese rule in Korea

During WW II – communist and nationalist factions fight the Japanese in different regions of the country and of the world

At the end of WW II Soviets occupy the north of Korea

Potsdam conference (1945) – Korea divided

North Korea - cupported by China and the Soviet

Union South Korea

supported by UN forces

No Gun Ri Massacre (26–29 July 1950) Bodo League 38th parallel – DMZ no peace treaty

Hungarian Revolution of 1956

1961 – Berlin Wall

Kennedy delivers Ich bin ein Berliner speech in Berlin, June 26, 1963

Cuba

Fidel Castro 1958- 59 -

Cuban revolution

American plots to assassinate Castro

1961 - Bay of Pigs invasion

1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis

1962 - Cuban Missile Crisis

Soviet nuclear missiles and installations discovered in Cuba by American intelligence

Blockade of Cuba (quarantine)

deals with Khrushchev

John F. Kennedy Address on the Buildup of Arms in Cuba

Quarantine begins 23. Oct 2963

Adlai Stevenson shows the intelligence photographs to the UN Security Council , Oct. 25, 1962

missiles removed from Cuba in exchange of the American promise nto to ever invade Cuba

American missiles secretely removed from Turkey within 6 months

hotline agreement

Secret deals with Khrushchev

JFK Assassination, Nov. 22, 1963

Vietnam War

Ho Chi Minh Japanese occupation of Vietnam in WW II Vietminh 1945 – Democratic Republic of Vietnam 1946 - The Indochina War Treaty of Geneva

Vietnam divided North – communist South – prime minister Van Diem

1960 - Vietcong 1964 – Gulf of Tonkin incident Gulf of Tonkin Resolution 1968 – full fledged escalation

photo by Malcolm Browne, Wide World Photos, Inc.Thich Quang Duc commits self-immolation in Saigon on

June 11, 1963.

Photo taken by United States Army photographer Ronald L. Haeberle on March 16, 1968 in the aftermath of the My Lai massacre

Nguyen Ngoc Loan executes a Viet Minh officer February 1, 1968. This Associated Press photograph won a 1969 Pulitzer prize for the photographer

Eddie Adams.

June 8, 1972.Kim Phuc Phan Thi, center, running down a road near Trang Bang, Vietnam, after a napalm bomb was dropped on the village of Trang Bang

suspected by US Army forces of being a Viet Cong stronghold. Photographer: Huynh Cong Ut (also known as Nick Ut). The image won the Pulitzer Prize for

spot news.

1968 – Invasion of Czechoslovakia Prague Spring

Richard Nixon presidency

China Vietnam Watergate

Ronald Reagan presidency

Reaganomics

George Bush presidency

end of the Cold War