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COLLIE HUBPresentation
Groundwater Issues
3 May 2011
THE CONCEPT
COLLIE HUB•Integrated industrial CO2 geosequestration system•Storage within an identified area• Red mud sequestration 300,000 + tpa (Alcoa)• 2.4 mtpa Perdaman CO2• Potential for up to 7 mtpafor future power generation
HOW IT WILL WORK
Target formations
• The target injection formation is the Lesueur Sandstone with a top depth of approximately 1300 metres.
• The depths of injection will be approximately 2000 and 2500 metres.
• The Eneabba Formation will be the upper, “sealing” formation
• Modelling shows the CO2 just reaching the base Eneabba
CO2 Injectivity andDynamic Capacity
OPTION 1Single well
w/ dual completion
OPTION 2Multiple well
w/ single completion• Injection rate range:
• Base Myalup & top Wonnerup: 0.2 – 1 Mt/a/completion
• Mid Myalup: 0.3 – 1 Mt/a/completion• Total: 0.9 – 1.7 Mt/a/well
• CO2 contained volume (cumulative after 40 yrs of injection) :
• Base Myalup & top Wonnerup: 110 - 150 Mt • Mid Myalup: 90 – 150 Mt• Total injection range: 200 – 260 Mt
• Maximum pressure buildup of ~ 50 bar occurred across Darling fault, in Myalupand Wonnerup. Fault is still stable.
Dynamic Simulations
• Target injection (40 yrs): 6 injectors• Completion consideration to optimize
injection volume and manage containment risk:• Proximity to faults and well spacing• Rock quality distribution• Reservoir dip
• Two potential injection zones identified:
• Base Myalup/Top Wonnerup with lower containment risk
• Mid Myalup with higher injectivitypotential and higher containment risk due to the proximity to Eneabba:
• Smaller injection intervals away from the Base Eneabba
• Injection constraints: frac-pressureDarling Fault
Injection Intervals
Distance, m
Dis
tanc
e, m
Distance, m
1000 yrs
1000 yrs
CO2 Containment and Trapping Mechanism• CO2 reaches base of Eneabba at
250 yrs• After shut-in, up dip• After 100 years shut-in:
• mobile gas from 77% to 35%
• After 1000 years shut-in:• Mobile gas: 10%• Residual / immobile gas: 60%• Dissolved gas: 30%
• * residual saturation 10-40%
Trapping mechanism in Base Scenario
Fault Seal Analysis
•Fault Seal Analysis of bounding faults in the study area (Petrel):
• Darling Fault – main bounding fault (considered sealing)
• 4NS• 8EW
•Fault / Fracture Reactivation• faults stable up to 110 bar
overpressure
11
GSWA Harvey 1
Preparation Phase 2010 – 2012Pre-Competitive
• Further technical investigation of the Lesueur;
• Commenced a community & stakeholder consultation process
• Establishment of necessary legislative measures, approvals and easements; and
• Development of the proposed commercial structure and arrangements to facilitate the development.
Groundwater Analysis
• The main Perth domestic water supply aquifer is the Yarragadee Formation.
• The area chosen is on a structural high where the Yarragadee has been eroded off.
• Main water supply from irrigation and superficial formations.
• The Cockleshell Gully Fm is saline• The Leederville Fm mainly saline.• Lesueur Sst is a confined saline aquifer
This section eroded off
New Seismic: note unconformity
COLLIE HUB AND WATER
Primary aim is not to isolate potential groundwater sources either above or below the injection depth
• How will we ensure aquifers above injection zone are protected?
• How will CO2 injection alter the water chemistry and rock chemistry?
Upper Aquifers• Leederville Fm – 1.5km above injection formation
• Eneabba Fm consists of siltstones, mudstones and other “barrier” formations – need more data to prove this up in the area.
• Need to set up monitoring regime with tracers, monitoring bores etc
• Refine modelling with new data from seismic andGSWA Harvey 1 well.
Water Chemistry• Sampling program
using MDT (Modularformation DynamicsTester)
• Core geochemistryXRD, SEM, Hyloggeranalyses
Conclusions
• Collie Hub Project aware of resource conflict issues generally and groundwater specifically
• Already taken steps to avoid Perth’s main groundwater source, the Yarragadee Fm
• Data paucity means more acquisition necessary
• Planning team for future work includes DoW• Monitoring essential
Thank you