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Colon Hydrotherapy Michael Hamilton Advisor: Prof. Fahringer
Colon Hydrotherapy
Michael HamiltonAdvisor: Prof. Fahringer
OverviewOverview• History of Colon Hydrotherapy• Theory• Information about I-ACT• Concerns • Contraindications• Medical Benefits
• History of Colon Hydrotherapy• Theory• Information about I-ACT• Concerns • Contraindications• Medical Benefits
HistoryHistory• Colon Hydrotherapy is the natural evolution of
the enema• The enema was first recorded in ancient
Egyptian documents• Also mentioned in the writings of Great
Civilizations• Sumerians• Chinese• Hindus• Greeks• Romans• Hamiltons
• Colon Hydrotherapy is the natural evolution of the enema
• The enema was first recorded in ancient Egyptian documents
• Also mentioned in the writings of Great Civilizations• Sumerians• Chinese• Hindus• Greeks• Romans• Hamiltons
History cont.History cont.
• Most pre-eminent physicians reported on the value of the enema• Hippocrates• Galen• Regnier DeGraff
• 17th Century known as the “age of the clyster”
• Most pre-eminent physicians reported on the value of the enema• Hippocrates• Galen• Regnier DeGraff
• 17th Century known as the “age of the clyster”
History cont.History cont.
• Many European Kings appreciated the benefits of the Enema
• Louis XI - credited the enema with relieving attack of seizures
• Louis XIII received over 200 enemas in one year
• Many European Kings appreciated the benefits of the Enema
• Louis XI - credited the enema with relieving attack of seizures
• Louis XIII received over 200 enemas in one year
History cont.History cont.
• Louis the XIV, ardent supporter• Had over 2,000 enemas
during his reign.• He even received court
functionaries and visitors during the procedure1.
• Louis the XIV, ardent supporter• Had over 2,000 enemas
during his reign.• He even received court
functionaries and visitors during the procedure1.
1.Lieberman, William, M.D., “The Enema”, The Review of Gastroenterology, Volume 13, May-June 1946
Court Function During EnemaCourt Function During Enema
History cont.History cont.
• In the early 1900s, Dr. Kellogg popularizes colon cleansing• He reported in the 1917 Journal of American
Medicine that in over 40,000 cases, as a result of diet, exercise, and enema (colon hydrotherapy), “in all but twenty cases”, he had used no surgery for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in his patients.
• In the early 1900s, Dr. Kellogg popularizes colon cleansing• He reported in the 1917 Journal of American
Medicine that in over 40,000 cases, as a result of diet, exercise, and enema (colon hydrotherapy), “in all but twenty cases”, he had used no surgery for the treatment of gastrointestinal disease in his patients.
History cont.History cont.
• 1950’s• colon hydrotherapy was flourishing in the U.S.• the prestigious Beverly Boulevard in California
was then known as “colonic row”• Mid-1960’s
• colon hydrotherapy slowly dwindled• Early 1970’s
• most colon hydrotherapy instruments were removed from the hospitals and nursing homes
• PRESCRIPTIVE LAXATIVES and SURGERY GAIN FAVOR
• 1950’s• colon hydrotherapy was flourishing in the U.S.• the prestigious Beverly Boulevard in California
was then known as “colonic row”• Mid-1960’s
• colon hydrotherapy slowly dwindled• Early 1970’s
• most colon hydrotherapy instruments were removed from the hospitals and nursing homes
• PRESCRIPTIVE LAXATIVES and SURGERY GAIN FAVOR
History SummaryHistory Summary
• Colon hydrotherapy/enemas have been around for thousands of years
• Two IMPORTANT conclusions• First, there is something of value by
cleansing the colon• Second, it has never received the
attention it justly deserves
• Colon hydrotherapy/enemas have been around for thousands of years
• Two IMPORTANT conclusions• First, there is something of value by
cleansing the colon• Second, it has never received the
attention it justly deserves
TheoryTheory
• Extended and more complete form of an enema• Gently infuse warm, filtered water
into the rectum• End Results
• Hydrates the colon• Waste is softened and loosened• Evacuation is through normal
peristalsis• Irrigates/cleanses the colon
• Extended and more complete form of an enema• Gently infuse warm, filtered water
into the rectum• End Results
• Hydrates the colon• Waste is softened and loosened• Evacuation is through normal
peristalsis• Irrigates/cleanses the colon
Theory cont.Theory cont.
• Modern FDA registered equipment
• Carried out by qualified personnel
• Cleans beyond the rectosigmoid area through a series of fill and empty cycles
• Safe and effective when guidelines are adhered to
• Modern FDA registered equipment
• Carried out by qualified personnel
• Cleans beyond the rectosigmoid area through a series of fill and empty cycles
• Safe and effective when guidelines are adhered to
Theory cont.Theory cont.
• Various Types of FDA registered equipment• Various Types of FDA registered equipment
I-ACTI-ACT• International Association for Colon
Hydrotherapy• I-ACT is the International Association for Colon
Hydrotherapy• I-ACT establishes the training standards and
guidelines• I-ACT is committed to work with the FDA,
International organizations, states and municipalities to enhance the safety of colon hydrotherapy
• I-ACT is the certifying body for colon hydrotherapists around the world
• International Association for Colon Hydrotherapy• I-ACT is the International Association for Colon
Hydrotherapy• I-ACT establishes the training standards and
guidelines• I-ACT is committed to work with the FDA,
International organizations, states and municipalities to enhance the safety of colon hydrotherapy
• I-ACT is the certifying body for colon hydrotherapists around the world
I-ACT cont.I-ACT cont.
• Membership• Over 2200 Members• Over 400 International
Members
• Certification Levels• Foundation Level• Intermediate Level• Advanced Level• Instructor Level
• Membership• Over 2200 Members• Over 400 International
Members
• Certification Levels• Foundation Level• Intermediate Level• Advanced Level• Instructor Level
ConcernsConcerns• What about
contamination or spread of disease?
• Only report was in New England Journal of Medicine,
August 5, 1982
• No reports of contamination when using modern FDA registered equipment and the equipment is disinfected according to manufacturer guidelines
• Single use, disposable speculums / rectal tubes, and tubing
• What about contamination or spread of disease?
• Only report was in New England Journal of Medicine,
August 5, 1982
• No reports of contamination when using modern FDA registered equipment and the equipment is disinfected according to manufacturer guidelines
• Single use, disposable speculums / rectal tubes, and tubing
ConcernsConcerns
• What about puncturing of the colon?• There have been allegations of puncture when using
enemas and colonic irrigation• Recommend caution during insertion of
speculum/rectal tube and follow the recommendation of the physician/healthcare provider and/or the manufacturer of the equipment
• Facts• The pressure of the water during the session is
very low• from 1/4 lbs. to 2.0 lbs
• The Speculum / Rectal Tube in only inserted approximately 2 inches into the rectum
• What about puncturing of the colon?• There have been allegations of puncture when using
enemas and colonic irrigation• Recommend caution during insertion of
speculum/rectal tube and follow the recommendation of the physician/healthcare provider and/or the manufacturer of the equipment
• Facts• The pressure of the water during the session is
very low• from 1/4 lbs. to 2.0 lbs
• The Speculum / Rectal Tube in only inserted approximately 2 inches into the rectum
ConcernsConcerns
• How will I assure the patients therapist is reputable?• Recommend that the patient
seek the services of an I-ACT certified colon hydrotherapist using currently registered FDA equipment and disposable supplies, and filtered water
• How will I assure the patients therapist is reputable?• Recommend that the patient
seek the services of an I-ACT certified colon hydrotherapist using currently registered FDA equipment and disposable supplies, and filtered water
ConcernsConcerns
• Electrolyte imbalances • Study conducted by National
University• John R. Collins, N.D., Paul Mittman, N.D.,
Mara Katlaps, B.A.• “No patients experienced any clinically
significant complications or complaints during or after the course of treatment.”
• Only problem might be encountered with paraplegics that are unable to completely release their bowels.
• Electrolyte imbalances • Study conducted by National
University• John R. Collins, N.D., Paul Mittman, N.D.,
Mara Katlaps, B.A.• “No patients experienced any clinically
significant complications or complaints during or after the course of treatment.”
• Only problem might be encountered with paraplegics that are unable to completely release their bowels.
ContraindicationsContraindications• Abdominal distensions• Adrenal exhaustion• Anemia• Aneurysm• Carcinomas
• Colon
• Cardiac conditions• Uncontrolled blood
pressure• Hypertension• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Abdominal distensions• Adrenal exhaustion• Anemia• Aneurysm• Carcinomas
• Colon
• Cardiac conditions• Uncontrolled blood
pressure• Hypertension• Hypotension
• Congestive heart failure
• Crohn’s• Colitis• Diverticulosis
• Diverticulitis
• Fistulas• Fissures• Hemorrhage• Hemorrhoids
• Crohn’s• Colitis• Diverticulosis
• Diverticulitis
• Fistulas• Fissures• Hemorrhage• Hemorrhoids
Contraindications cont.Contraindications cont.• Hernias
• Liver• Jaundice
• Acute failure
• Cirrhosis
• Lupus
• Perforations• Intestinal
• Colon
• Sigmoid
• Rectal
• Hernias
• Liver• Jaundice
• Acute failure
• Cirrhosis
• Lupus
• Perforations• Intestinal
• Colon
• Sigmoid
• Rectal
• Pregnancy• First trimester• Third trimester
• Renal• One kidney• Insufficiency• Dialysis
• Surgery• Abdominal• Colon• Rectum
• Hemorrhoidectomy
• Pregnancy• First trimester• Third trimester
• Renal• One kidney• Insufficiency• Dialysis
• Surgery• Abdominal• Colon• Rectum
• Hemorrhoidectomy
Precautions cont.Precautions cont.
• Medications • Coumadin
• Digoxin
• Lasix (furosemide)
• Prednisone
• Lipitor
• ASA/NSAIDS
• Methotrexate
• Medications • Coumadin
• Digoxin
• Lasix (furosemide)
• Prednisone
• Lipitor
• ASA/NSAIDS
• Methotrexate
IndicationsIndications
• FDA• When medically indicated, such as before
radiological or endoscopic examination• Practitioners Suggested Benefits (not
listed by FDA)• Health maintenance
• DETOXIFICATION (correct imbalance)
• Symptomatic relief• Constipation• Indigestion• Functional bowel problems
• FDA• When medically indicated, such as before
radiological or endoscopic examination• Practitioners Suggested Benefits (not
listed by FDA)• Health maintenance
• DETOXIFICATION (correct imbalance)
• Symptomatic relief• Constipation• Indigestion• Functional bowel problems
Indications cont.Indications cont.
• Benefits (not listed by FDA)
• Assessment of bowel function
• Removal of impacted feces
• Removal of foreign material
• Rehydration of bowel
• Toning of the bowel
• Aids in bowel re-training
• Improved bowel elimination
• Benefits (not listed by FDA)
• Assessment of bowel function
• Removal of impacted feces
• Removal of foreign material
• Rehydration of bowel
• Toning of the bowel
• Aids in bowel re-training
• Improved bowel elimination
Indications cont.Indications cont.
• Benefits (not listed by FDA)• Removal of bowel toxins which may be
a cause of chronic inflammatory disease processes
• Improved sense of well-being• Improved immune response• Aids in bowel cleansing• Aids in elimination of stored toxins• Aids in restoring the integrity of the
mucosal lining• Improvement of quality of life
• Benefits (not listed by FDA)• Removal of bowel toxins which may be
a cause of chronic inflammatory disease processes
• Improved sense of well-being• Improved immune response• Aids in bowel cleansing• Aids in elimination of stored toxins• Aids in restoring the integrity of the
mucosal lining• Improvement of quality of life
SummarySummary
• Safe • Relatively Inexpensive ($65)• Licensed Practitioners• Effective (This message not reviewed by the FDA)
• So can we advocate this practice as PA’S?
• Safe • Relatively Inexpensive ($65)• Licensed Practitioners• Effective (This message not reviewed by the FDA)
• So can we advocate this practice as PA’S?
That answer is as clear as…
Mud
SourcesSources• Alba S, Nascimbeni R, Di Betta E, Villanacci V, Salerni B. Arthritis as a rare extra-intestinal manifestation of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Dig Surg 2001;18:233-4. • Alvarez WC. Origin of the so-called autointoxication symptoms. JAMA 1919; 72:8-13.• Anderson ML, Pasha TM, Leighton JA. Endoscopic perforation of the colon: lessons from a 10-year study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3418-22. • Bastedo W. Colon irrigations. New England Journal of Medicine 1928;199:865-866. • Bertin L, Brion N, Farkkila M, Gobel H, Wessely P. A dose-defining study of sumatriptan suppositories in the acute treatment of migraine. Int J Clin Pract
1999;53:593-8. • Chen TS, Chen PS. Intestinal autointoxication: a medical• leitmotif. J Clin Gastroenterol 1989; 11:434–41.• Collins JG, Mittman P. Effects of colon irrigation on serum electrolytes. Journal of Naturopathic Medicine 1990;1:4-9. • Ernst E. Colonic irrigation and the theory of autointoxication:• a triumph of ignorance over science. J Clin Gastroenterol• 1997; 24:196–8.• Friedenwald J, Morrison S. Value, limitations, indications and technic of colonic irrigations. Medical Clinics of North America, May 1935, 1611-1629. • Garakani A, Win T, Virk S, Gupta S, Kaplan D, Masand PS.• Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in psychiatric• patients: a review. Am J Ther 2003; 10:61–7.• Gatto NM, Frucht H, Sundararajan V, Jacobson JS, Grann VR, Neugut AI. Risk of perforation after colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy: a population-based study. J Natl
Cancer Inst 2003;95:230-6. • Hippocrates. On Regimen in Acute Disease (Part 6 and• Appendix parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 19, and 24) 400 B.C.,• <classics.mit.edu> [last accessed 03.26.2007].• FDA Warning Letter, March 1, 2003. Accessed on June 15, 2004, http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3916d.htm • FDA Device Classification Website. Accessed on June 1, 2004, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?FR=876.5220 • Horne S. Colon cleansing: a popular, but misunderstood• natural therapy. J Herb Pharmacother 2006; 6:93–100.• Kelvinson RC. Colonic hydrotherapy: a review of the available literature. Compl Ther Med 1995;3: 88-92.• Muranishi S. Characteristics of drug absorption via the rectal route. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1984;6:763-72. • Nelson RL, Abcarian H, Prasad ML. Iatrogenic perforation of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982;25:305-8. • Person JR, Bernhard JD. Autointoxication revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:559-63. • Richards DG, McMillin DL, Mein EA, Nelson CD. Colonic irrigations: a review of the historical controversy and the potential for adverse effects. J Altern
Complement Med• 2006;12: 389–93.• Shevchuk NA, Hydrotherapy as a possible neuroleptic and sedative treatment, Med• Hypotheses (2007), doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.028• Swank GM, Deitch EA. Role of the gut in multiple organ failure: bacterial translocation and permeability changes. World J Surg 1996;20:411-7. • Taffinder NJ, Tan E, Webb IG, McDonald PJ. Retrograde• commercial colonic hydrotherapy. Colorectal Dis• 2004; 6:258–60.• Whorton JC. Inner Hygiene: Constipation and the pursuit of health in modern society. Oxford University Press, 2000.
• Alba S, Nascimbeni R, Di Betta E, Villanacci V, Salerni B. Arthritis as a rare extra-intestinal manifestation of acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Dig Surg 2001;18:233-4. • Alvarez WC. Origin of the so-called autointoxication symptoms. JAMA 1919; 72:8-13.• Anderson ML, Pasha TM, Leighton JA. Endoscopic perforation of the colon: lessons from a 10-year study. Am J Gastroenterol 2000;95:3418-22. • Bastedo W. Colon irrigations. New England Journal of Medicine 1928;199:865-866. • Bertin L, Brion N, Farkkila M, Gobel H, Wessely P. A dose-defining study of sumatriptan suppositories in the acute treatment of migraine. Int J Clin Pract
1999;53:593-8. • Chen TS, Chen PS. Intestinal autointoxication: a medical• leitmotif. J Clin Gastroenterol 1989; 11:434–41.• Collins JG, Mittman P. Effects of colon irrigation on serum electrolytes. Journal of Naturopathic Medicine 1990;1:4-9. • Ernst E. Colonic irrigation and the theory of autointoxication:• a triumph of ignorance over science. J Clin Gastroenterol• 1997; 24:196–8.• Friedenwald J, Morrison S. Value, limitations, indications and technic of colonic irrigations. Medical Clinics of North America, May 1935, 1611-1629. • Garakani A, Win T, Virk S, Gupta S, Kaplan D, Masand PS.• Comorbidity of irritable bowel syndrome in psychiatric• patients: a review. Am J Ther 2003; 10:61–7.• Gatto NM, Frucht H, Sundararajan V, Jacobson JS, Grann VR, Neugut AI. Risk of perforation after colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy: a population-based study. J Natl
Cancer Inst 2003;95:230-6. • Hippocrates. On Regimen in Acute Disease (Part 6 and• Appendix parts 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 11, 19, and 24) 400 B.C.,• <classics.mit.edu> [last accessed 03.26.2007].• FDA Warning Letter, March 1, 2003. Accessed on June 15, 2004, http://www.fda.gov/foi/warning_letters/g3916d.htm • FDA Device Classification Website. Accessed on June 1, 2004, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfCFR/CFRSearch.cfm?FR=876.5220 • Horne S. Colon cleansing: a popular, but misunderstood• natural therapy. J Herb Pharmacother 2006; 6:93–100.• Kelvinson RC. Colonic hydrotherapy: a review of the available literature. Compl Ther Med 1995;3: 88-92.• Muranishi S. Characteristics of drug absorption via the rectal route. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 1984;6:763-72. • Nelson RL, Abcarian H, Prasad ML. Iatrogenic perforation of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum. 1982;25:305-8. • Person JR, Bernhard JD. Autointoxication revisited. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1986;15:559-63. • Richards DG, McMillin DL, Mein EA, Nelson CD. Colonic irrigations: a review of the historical controversy and the potential for adverse effects. J Altern
Complement Med• 2006;12: 389–93.• Shevchuk NA, Hydrotherapy as a possible neuroleptic and sedative treatment, Med• Hypotheses (2007), doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2007.05.028• Swank GM, Deitch EA. Role of the gut in multiple organ failure: bacterial translocation and permeability changes. World J Surg 1996;20:411-7. • Taffinder NJ, Tan E, Webb IG, McDonald PJ. Retrograde• commercial colonic hydrotherapy. Colorectal Dis• 2004; 6:258–60.• Whorton JC. Inner Hygiene: Constipation and the pursuit of health in modern society. Oxford University Press, 2000.
