Combating Desertification in Thailand
Combating Desertification in Thailand
K. Thongpan & W. WaramitFocal Point Office of Thailand
to UNCCD
International Conference on Combating DesertificationBeijing, China23 Jan. 2008
K. Thongpan & W. WaramitFocal Point Office of Thailand
to UNCCD
International Conference on Combating DesertificationBeijing, China23 Jan. 2008
CausesCauses of Land Degradationof Land Degradation-- climate variation:climate variation: droughtdrought
-- deforestation: deforestation: vegetation loss & soil vegetation loss & soil erosionerosion
-- over exploit of over exploit of landland::degradationdegradation && salinizationsalinization
-- poor/no irrigation:poor/no irrigation: lacking of waterlacking of water
5 Approaches for 5 Approaches for CombatingCombating DeDesertificasertificationtion1.1. Weather forecast &Weather forecast & early early wwarningarning2. Water resource development/management2. Water resource development/management3. Reforestation/3. Reforestation/afforestationafforestation
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4. Land rehabilitation/soil improvement4. Land rehabilitation/soil improvement5. Soil and water conservation5. Soil and water conservation
4 Principles to combat land degradation4 Principles to combat land degradation1.1. Incorporating with 3 Major Sectors (sources of income) Incorporating with 3 Major Sectors (sources of income)
-- agriculture (food)agriculture (food)-- tourismtourism-- energyenergy
2.2. Responding to public concernsResponding to public concerns-- protecting environmentprotecting environment-- food safety and securityfood safety and security-- mitigating crisismitigating crisis
3. Focusing on least barrier/higher incentive 3. Focusing on least barrier/higher incentive -- affordable technologyaffordable technology-- easy to manipulateeasy to manipulate-- cost sharing/mitigating barriers cost sharing/mitigating barriers -- new and more income opportunitiesnew and more income opportunities-- mitigating riskmitigating risk
4. 4. Operating with stakeholder participationOperating with stakeholder participation
IncoporatingIncoporating with Agriculturewith Agriculture( food and ( food and tourismtourism ))
Incorporating with energyIncorporating with energy(mitigating crisis and new income opportunity)(mitigating crisis and new income opportunity)
Oil palm for BioOil palm for Bio--dieseldiesel
Responding to public concernsResponding to public concerns
Requests Requests of farmersof farmers
Soil Soil improvemenimprovemen
tt
Green Green manualmanual
Conservation Conservation systemsystem
Small scale Small scale water water
resourceresourceVetivergrass
Farm pondFarm pond
LDD LDD activating activating
agents 1agents 1--1010
Organic Organic fertilizer fertilizer
plantplant
Areas of ExtensionAreas of Extension
Protecting environmentProtecting environment
มหาสารคาม
Stump Plough campaignStump Plough campaign
Food safety & securityFood safety & security
BioBio--technology Institutetechnology Institute
BioBio--technology productstechnology products
Setting Measures and GoalsSetting Measures and Goals
Organic Farming Organic Farming ProjectProject 20082008
-- establish 17,000 organic farming groups of 850,000 farmers establish 17,000 organic farming groups of 850,000 farmers in 2.7 hectare arable land in 2.7 hectare arable land
-- provide training, extension & demonstration of provide training, extension & demonstration of organic farming technologies organic farming technologies
-- 25% of which will 25% of which will reduce utilizing chemical reduce utilizing chemical fertfert., ., pesticide & insecticidepesticide & insecticide
Green manureGreen manure
Affordable & easy to ManipulateAffordable & easy to Manipulate
Cost sharingCost sharing
Provision of farm pondProvision of farm pond
Diversified organic farmingDiversified organic farming
Mitigating riskMitigating risk
Self Sufficiency Philosophy: Self Sufficiency Philosophy: new theorynew theory
Operating with stakeholder Operating with stakeholder participationparticipation
-- Land Development CommitteeLand Development Committee-- SubSub--district Administration Committeedistrict Administration Committee-- Volunteer Soil DoctorsVolunteer Soil Doctors
Volunteer Soil DoctorsVolunteer Soil Doctors
Stripe of leguminous plant with cornStripe of leguminous plant with corn
Green manure cropGreen manure crop Straw covering for keeping moisture
Compost making demonstrationCompost making demonstration
VetiverVetiver grass along contour linegrass along contour line VetiverVetiver grass for keeping moisturegrass for keeping moisture
Compost from LDD1 microbial Compost from LDD1 microbial activatoractivator
Liquid organic fertilizer from Liquid organic fertilizer from LDD2 mLDD2 microbial activatoricrobial activator
Learning centre for organic Learning centre for organic fertilizer manufacturingfertilizer manufacturing
Compost learning centreCompost learning centre
Compost for sugar Compost for sugar canecane
Compost for orchardCompost for orchard
Pile of compostPile of compost Shading compostShading compost
Vetiver grasslearning centre
For soil and water conservationFor soil and water conservation Bank protectionBank protection
Reproduction plotReproduction plot
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer learning centrelearning centre
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with orchardwith orchard
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with sugar canewith sugar cane
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with fish farmwith fish farm
Liquid fertilizer Liquid fertilizer with poultry farmwith poultry farm
Land covering learning centreLand covering learning centre
Learning centre for paddy field reformationLearning centre for paddy field reformation
BundBund
Wind brakeWind brake
Development of Soil Conservation TechnologyDevelopment of Soil Conservation Technology Public water resource protectionPublic water resource protection
People People ParticipationParticipation
soil and water conservation with soil and water conservation with teak interteak inter--croppingcropping
Land Development VillageLand Development Village
Watershed management approachWatershed management approach
Enhancement of measures & toolsEnhancement of measures & tools
•• Old Land Development Act 1993Old Land Development Act 1993•• New Land Development Act 2007New Land Development Act 2007•• Proclamation of Proclamation of Land Development zonesLand Development zones•• Introducing Integrated Introducing Integrated programmeprogramme
Successful casesSuccessful cases
Best Volunteer Soil DoctorsBest Volunteer Soil Doctors
Achieve 60 ton/hectareAchieve 60 ton/hectarecomparing to the average 16 ton/hectarecomparing to the average 16 ton/hectare
Kao Cha Kao Cha NgumNgum Land Rehabilitation Project Land Rehabilitation Project of His Majesty King of His Majesty King BhumipolBhumipol InnitiativeInnitiative
19861986 PresentPresent
Ban Ban BuaBua KokKok Learning CentreLearning Centrefor organic farmingfor organic farming