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Su

bmittedBy

Nadee

mAhmed

Re

gNo.

SP09-M

BA-003

Mr. Muha

Demogr

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Age

Age Group Total Rural Urban

All Area 129175948 *

(100)

86235017 *

(100)

42950931*

(100)

0 4 14.80 15.7 13.005 9 15.65 16.48 13.98

10 14 12.95 12.88 13.11

15 19 10.37 9.92 11.28

20 24 8.97 8.58 9.75

25 29 7.37 7.06 7.98

30 34 6.22 5.89 6.88

35 39 4.77 4.46 5.40

40 44 4.44 4.24 4.86

45 49 3.53 3.47 3.65

50 54 3.21 3.22 3.20

55 59 2.15 2.16 2.12

60 64 2.04 2.13 1.8665 - 69 1.20 1.25 1.11

70 74 1.09 1.21 0.90

75 + 1.21 1.35 0.93

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Gender

y Sex ratio at birth: 1.00 male(s)/femaley under 15 years: 1.06 male(s)/femaley 1564 years: 1.05 male(s)/femaley 65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/femaley Total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2006 est.)

Family life cycle

Stage One: Single y

ungadults leave home

Here the e

tional change is from the reliance on the family to acceptance of

emotional and financial responsibility for our selves. Second-order changes (see sidebar

include differentiation of self in relation to family of origin. This means w e neither blindly

accept what our parents believe or want us to do, nor do we automatically respond

negatively to their requests. Our beliefs and behaviors are now part of our own identity,

though we will change and refine what we believe throughout our li ves. Also, during this

period we develop intimatepeerrelationships on a deeper level than we had previously and

become financially independent.

Stage Two: The new couple joins theirfamilies through marriage orliving

togetherThe majoremotional transition during this phase is through commitment to the new

system. Second-order change involves the formation of a marital system and realignment of

relationships with extended families and friends that includes our spouses.

Stage Three: Families with youngch ildren

Emotionally we must now accept new members into the system. This isn't hard

initially because babies come to us in sweet innocent packages that open our hearts.

Unfortunately, in the middle of the night we may wonder what we've gotten ourselves into.

Nevertheless, we adjust the marital system to make space for our children, juggling child

rearing, financial and household tasks. Second-order change also occurs with the

realignment ofrelationships with extended family as it opens to include theparent ing and

grand parenting roles.

Stage Four: Families with adolescents

Emotional transitions are hard here for the whole family because we need to

increase the flexibility of a family's boundaries to include children's independence and

grandparents' frailties. As noted above, second-order change is required in order for the

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shifting of the

aent-child

elationshi

to

e

mit adolescents to move in and out of the

system. Now the e is a new focus on midlife ma ital and ca ee issues and the beginning

shift towa d joint ca ing fo the olde gene ation when both child en and aging a ents

demand ou

attention, creating what is now called the sandwich generation.

Stage Five: Launching children and moving onThis is one of the transitions that can be most emotionally difficult for

arents as

they now need to acce t a multitude of e its from and entries into the family system. If the

choices of the children leaving the nest are com

atible with the values and e

ectations of

the

arents, the transition can be relatively easy and enjoyable, especially if the parents

successfully navigate their second-order changes, such as renegotiation of the marital

system as a couple rather than as simply parents. Other developmental changes include

development of adult-to-adult relationships between us and our grown children, inclusion

of in-laws and grandchildren, and dealing with the disabilities and death of our own parents.

(See Letting Go of Our Adult Children: When What We Do is Never Enough for what can

happen when transitions in thisstage become particularly bumpy.)

Stage Six: Families in later lie

When Erik Erikson discusses thisstage, he focuses on how we as individuals either

review our lives with acceptance and a sense of accomplishment or with bitterness and

regret. A family systems approach, however, is interested in how the family as a unit

responds and sees the key emotional principle as accepting the shifting of generational

roles. Second-orderchangesre

uire us to maintain our own interests and functioning as a

couple in face ofphysiological decline. We shift our focus onto the middle generation (the

children who are still in stage five) and support them as they launch their own children. In

thisprocess the younger generation needs to make room for the wisdom ande perience of

the elderly, supporting the older generation without over functioning for them. Other

second-order change includes dealing with the loss of ourspouse, siblings, and peers and

the preparation for our own death and the end of our generation.

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Occupation

Occuption

l G

oups P

kist

n

b

n

u

l

1. L

gisl

tos

nio

Offici

ls

nd M

n

g

s 11.48 20.99 7.12

2. Pofession

ls 1.98 3.77 1.16

3.

echnici

ns

nd Associ te p ofession ls 4.88 8.41 3.27

4. Clerical workers 1.64 3.50 0.79

5. Service Workers andshop Market Sales 5.16 9.19 3.31

6.Agricultural and Fishery Workers 34.92 4.53 48.83

7. Craft and related Trades Workers 15.88 26.44 11.04

8.Plant andMachine Operators ,Assemblers 3.75 5.51 2.94

9. Others 20.32 17.66 21.54

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Education

Literacy by Specific Age-groups

Age Group 1998 Percentage

Male 25,702,575 54.81

10----14 years 5,423,268 60.87

15----19 years 4,627,527 66.98

20----24 years 3,706,742 63.74

25----andover 11,945,038 47.30

Female 13,755,642 32.02

10----14 years 949,163 47.66

15----19 years 3,007,141 46.33

20----24 years 2,138,517 37.04

25----andover 4,881,632 21.35

Literacy ByEducation Level

Census Year 1998

Male

Without FormalAttainment 181,424

Primary Schools 11,733,464

Middle & Secondary Schools 5,626,594

Matriculates 4,645,015

Intermediate 1,671,014

Degree 1,148,395

Higher Degree 456,185

Others 240,484

Female

Without FormalAttainment 191,382

Primary Schools 7,198,630

Middle & Secondary Schools 2,541,361

Matriculates 2,113,674

Intermediate 893,554

Degree 563,913

Higher Degree 162,752

Others 90,376

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Ethnicity

Though most Pakistanis speak Indo-Iranic, Pakistan's diversity is more visible along

cultural differences and less along linguistic, religious or genetic lines. Almost all Pakistanis

belong to the Indo-Iranic ancestral group. There are manyethnic groups: Pakistan's census

and rough estimates vary, but the consensus is that the Punjabis are the largest ethnicgroup. Though it is worth mentioning that Punjab province in Pakistan is extremely diverse

with many ethnic groups dwelling within Punjab as well such as Seraikis, Punjabi Pathans,

Hindkowans, Potohari etc. Furthermore, specific regions within Punjab that are highlighted

as Punjabi regions have a majority Pashtun or Pathan populations (e.g. district of Mianwali

in Punjab). Pashtuns make up the second largest and Sindhi are the third largest ethnic

group. Saraikis, (a group seen as transitional between Punjabis and Sindhis or Punjabis and

Hindkowans/Pashtuns), make up 10.53% of the population. The remaining groups that

comprise large percentages include the Muhajirs (migrants from different parts of South

Asia -Bangladesh, Burma, India etc.) at 7.57% and theBaloch people at 3.57%. The other

main ethnic groups include Hindkowans and the Brahui, and the various peoples of the

Northern Areas, who all together total roughly 4.66% of the total population, while

significant Shia Muslims of Pakistan are of Ethnic Persian descent. The Pakhtun and Baloch

represent two of the major populations that are linguistically Iranic, while the majority

Punjabis, Hindkowans, Sindhis and Saraikis are the major linguistically Indo -Aryan groups.

Note that, due to thousands of years of shared history, migrations and conquests many

Punjabi, Hindkowans and Seraikis, though linguistically Indo -Aryan, are racially and

ethnically of (recent) Persian, Turk or Afghan descent. Present Prime Minister of Pakistan,

Syed Yusuf Raza Gilani is one such example who hails from southern Punjab's S araiki belt,

but whose family is originally from Gilan in Iran.

The Muhajirpopulation is a multi -ethnical groupprincipally of Indian origin but also

is believed to have mixed blood lines of people from the rest of South Asia who claim

Afghan, Persian, Turk, Mongol, and Arab admixture such as the Rohilla Pashtun. People of

Black African descent are known in Pakistan as Sheedis.

Approximately 1.7 million Afghan refugees remain in Pakistan, though the exact

number can be higher. Nearly half of this population actually was born and grew up in

Pakistan during the last 30 years, so they have never seen Afghanistan. They are not

counted in the national census, even the ones born in Pakistan, because they are still

considered citizens of Afghanistan. In addition, there are some pockets of other

refugees/migrants including but not limited to Iraqis, Iranians, Tajikistanis, Somalis,

Burmese, and possibly others who can be found living in the major cities of Pakistan.

All major ethnic groups in Pakistan, while categorized as separate entities, have

thousands of years of shared history and inter-mingling. Thus, as can be expected, the

genetic (as well as cultural and linguistic) differences between ethnic groups in Pakistan and

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those of its neighbors (Iran, Afghanistan, North-Western India etc.) are insignificant. In

particular, inter-marriages between ethnic groups within Pakistan are becoming uite

common today. The rate of intermarriage between peoplesclaiming Sindhi, Punjabi, Arabic

or Pashtun origin hasreached itspeaks in this and the previouscentury.

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Religion

According to the CIA World Factbook, Library of Congress, Oford University and

others, about 95-97

of the population of Pakistan is Muslim and the remaining 3-5

is

Christian, Hindu and others. Majority of the Muslims practice Sunni Islam while the ShiaPakistanis make up 5-20 .

The Muslims belong to different Islamic law schools which are called Madhahib

(singular: Madhhab) i.e., schools ofjurisprudence (also 'Maktab-e-Fikr' (School of thought)

in Urdu). Sunnis accept all four of their schools and can pray in each others' mosques

without any problems. The Sunni Hanafi school includes the Barelvis, Deobandis, and others.

These Islamic law schools are not to be confused with sects or divisions. The majority of

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Pakistani Shia Muslims belong to the Twelver branch, while there are some who practice

Ismailism, which insludes Agha Khanis, Mustaali, Dawoodi Bohra, Sulaymani and others.

Although the Twelvers (Ithnashariyyah) have their own special mosques, theyencourage

their members to pray in all mosques regardless of the associated madhab. While the

Ismailis pray in Jama'at Khanas. The Ahmadiyya sect also has a sizeable minority of about 4

million adherents.

There are small non-Muslim religious groups: Christians, Jews, Hindus, Buddhists,

Sikhs, Parsis, Bah's, Zoroastrians (Parsis) and others 3-5%.

y Islamo Sunni Muslims: 80-95%o Shia Muslims: 5-20%o Ahmadi Muslims: approximately2.3% or4 million

y Other religionso Christians: approx. 1.6% or2,800,000peopleo Hindus: approx. 1.6% or2,443,614peopleo Bah's: 79,000o Sikhs: 20,000o Zoroastrian/Parsis: 20,000o Buddhist: Unknowno Jews: Unknown

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Socialclass

Upper social class Middle social class Workingsocial class

Upper socialclass

The upper social class which generally have high level of income and belong to be most high paying

profession and they live in most cleanest place of the country and money will be no problem for

them and their size is 2% of the total society and approximately3.7 million they have60% to 65% of

money of the country.

They are actually

I. High status leadershipII. Big business man

III. Top management of the companyMiddle Social Class

The USC and MSC education are met different like USC study in foreign country like oxford universityand MSC are study in local university of their country but income size will found more different their

houses are different their house are not huge and not think for a huge house of defense and think a

house of Gulshan-e-iqbal theirpopulation is 28% out of the total population theirpopulation is 53 to

54 million of the total population

They are actually

I. They are small to medium size business man.II. Middle management

III. Low ranking govt officerAnd the big difference in USC and MSC is house concentration they focus more to their house but

USC not so much home focus they are less and MSC lot home focus.

Wor

ing Social Class

The WSC are not much moreeducated they are not in very accurativeprofessiontheir income is low

and they build one two room poorly houses, electricity not available wateretc.Their size is 70% out

total population of Pakistan.

They are actually

I. They are very small size shop owner. Skill, semi skill & unskilledII. Low grade govt staff ( peons, driver)

III. Poor formerIV. Political worker