COMPETENCY BASED COMPETENCY BASED EDUCATIONEDUCATION

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Competency-based education has become a hot topic in higher education circles these days.

it is becoming increasingly popular as the country searches for ways to improve college affordability and more accurately measure student learning.

INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

CBE emerged in the united states in 1970 and refers to an educational movement that advocates defining educational goals in terms of precise measureable descriptions of knowledge, skills and behaviors students should possess at the end of a course of study.

WHAT IS COMPETENCY?WHAT IS COMPETENCY?

Something a person or an organization is competent in performing.

Competencies are mixture of Nature talents and Practical skills.

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

Competency-based education is defined as an instructional system in which a performance-based learning process is used. The learner demonstrates his/her level of attainment on subject-area.

According to Schenck Competency Based Education is outcome based

instruction and is adaptive to the changing needs of students, teachers, and the community. Competencies describe the student’s ability to apply basic and other skills in situations that are commonly encountered in everyday life.

DEFINITIONDEFINITION

According to Marwick Competencies consist of a description of

the essential skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors required for effective performance of a real-world task or activity. These activities may be related to any domain of life, though have typically been linked to the field of work and to social survival in a new environment. .

7 Domains & Their Associated 7 Domains & Their Associated CompetenciesCompetencies

Medical KnowledgeClinical Skills and Patient CareScientific and Clinical InquiryProfessionalismInterpersonal and Communication Skills

Systems of Health CareContinuous Improvement of Care through Reflective Practice

MEDICAL KNOWLEDGEMEDICAL KNOWLEDGE

MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE: Demonstrate the ability to recall and apply knowledge of human structure, function, development and pathophysiology and psychosocial development to patient care.

Competencies: Recognize and describe normal structure and function of the

body. Identify the molecular, biochemical and cellular mechanisms

important to maintaining the body's homeostasis. Identify the altered structure and function (pathology and

pathophysiology) of the body and its major organ systems that are seen in various diseases and conditions.

Distinguish the causes of disease and recognise the ways in which they affect the body

CLINICAL SKILLS & PATIENT CARECLINICAL SKILLS & PATIENT CARE

Clinical Skills and Patient Care: Demonstrate effective use of motor and cognitive skills in diagnosis, management and prevention of common health problems encountered in patient care.

Competencies: Develop intervention plans based on an understanding of

current scientific knowledge as applied to health problems.

Demonstrate the ability to perform complete and appropriately focused physical exams in a respectful, logical and organized manner.

Perform routine technical procedures used in both medicine and surgery.

SCIENTIFIC & CLINICAL INQUIRYSCIENTIFIC & CLINICAL INQUIRY

Scientific and Clinical Inquiry: Demonstrate understanding of scientific theory and methodology and the critical thinking skills needed to interpret and apply research to improving patient care.

Competencies: Demonstrate understanding of the ethical, legal,

professional and social issues implicit in the responsible design and conduct of research.

Demonstrate the critical thinking skills needed for applying basic and clinical research to improving patient care.

PROFESSIONALISMPROFESSIONALISM

Professionalism: Demonstrate, through knowledge and behavior, a commitment to the highest standards of competence, ethics, integrity and accountability to the patient and the profession.

Competencies: Apply and practice scientific standards for quality patient

care. Demonstrate respect, compassion, altruism and integrity

in all interactions with patients, families, faculty, residents and peers.

Demonstrate sensitivity and responsiveness to culture, age, gender, and disabilities of patients, faculty, residents and peers.

INTERPERSONAL & COMMUNICATION SKILLSINTERPERSONAL & COMMUNICATION SKILLS

Interpersonal and Communication Skills: Demonstrate effective listening, verbal and written communication skills with a wide range of individuals and groups in order to provide patient-centered care.

Competencies: Demonstrate effective and appropriate listening, verbal,

non-verbal and written communication skills with and about patients.

Demonstrate the ability to adapt communications to a variety of professional settings and roles.

Demonstrate leadership skills that can be used in a variety of health care settings.

SYSTEMS OF HEALTH CARESYSTEMS OF HEALTH CARE

Systems of Health Care: Recognize and work effectively within the larger context and system of health care to advocate for and provide quality patient care.

Competencies: Explain the physician's role as an advocate for the health

care system and for improvement of the medical profession.

Demonstrate the ability to work effectively in a variety of health care systems and provide quality patient care while advocating for the best interest of the patient.

Describe the function of health policy, health-care delivery and options for health-care reform.

CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF CARE CONTINUOUS IMPROVEMENT OF CARE THROUGH REFLECTIVE PRACTICETHROUGH REFLECTIVE PRACTICE

Continuous Improvement of Care through Reflective Practice: Demonstrate habits of self-directed learning, including awareness of gaps in understanding, recognition of personal limitations, and acquisition of new knowledge and skills in order to stay current in all aspects of medical practice and provide optimal patient care.

Competencies: Demonstrate the ability to recognize and

improve upon limitations in one's knowledge and clinical skills.

Demonstrate lifelong learning in the areas of science, health care and public health care advances

TWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERSTWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERS

1. They come to higher education knowing different things, and they learn at different rates.

(CBE recognizes this reality and matches the education to the student. Unlike a one-size-fits-all approach, it allows adults to come back to college and apply what they've learned, either through formal education or their work and life experience.)

TWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERSTWO THINGS ABOUT ADULT LEARNERS

2. They can move quickly through material they already know and focus on what they still need to learn.

(For many, this means that they can accelerate their progress toward a degree, saving both time and money.)

What is competency-based What is competency-based education and what makes it education and what makes it

different? different?

The most important characteristic of competency-based education is that it measures learning rather than time.

Students progress by demonstrating their competence, which means they prove that they have mastered the knowledge and skills (called competencies) required for a particular course, regardless of how long it takes.

What is competency-based What is competency-based education and what makes it education and what makes it

different? different?

While competency-based education is better for all students because it allows them to study and learn at their own pace.

Students progress by demonstrating their competence, which means they prove that they have mastered the knowledge and skills (called competencies) required for a particular course, regardless of how long it takes.

NEED FOR COMPETENCY BASED NEED FOR COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION NURSING EDUCATION

Health care systems all over the world have become highly competitive.

There is a rapid expansion of knowledge in the field of nursing education

In many countries, a need has been felt to improve the quality of health care education and to regularly assess relevance of both education and training of health care professionals, especially nursing.

These changes have been made keeping in view the need to ensure that graduates are competent enough to meet the needs of the health care field.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

PARTICIPANTSParticipants’ knowledge and skills are

assessed as they enter the program Learning should be self-paced. Flexible training approaches including large group methods, small group activities and individual study are essential components.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

BOOKS,EDUCATIONA variety of support materials

including print, audiovisual and simulations (models) keyed to the skills being mastered is used. Satisfactory completion of training is based on achievement of all specified competencies.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Subject material for courses in Competence Based Education is offered in 3 different modes for the registered students.

1.Downloadable Mode2.Class Interaction Practice Mode

3.Read only Mode

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

DOWNLOADABLE MODEDownloadable mode empowers to offer education in a dynamic form to students. Students can access lessons, assignments and submit their scripts online. They need not brood if they miss lessons - they can download their lesson notes and access archived lessons, tutorial sessions, lectures etc

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

READONLY MODEStudents will be able to only read the course concepts. Downloading or interaction is unavailable.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

CLASS INTERACTION MODEThe interactive learning provides an environment for students to talk and discuss freely about any related topics on line or off line.

Two ways of interaction Classroom interaction.

1. X-CHAT2. MAILING GROUP

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

X-CHATClient Server Model that works with Internet Relay Chat Server Protocol.

It allows servers to connect to each other effectively forming a network.

Protocol is used by servers to talk to each other. Instructor and participants can talk with each other and discuss on related topic for stipulated time given by the instructor.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

MAIL GROUPParticipants can become member of Mailing-group by registering their names in their group. Once approved by the instructor, participants can post their questions to this group ID. This way Course instructor or any other participant can reply to questions that will be read by all the members in that group including the instructor.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Participants progress through the curriculum by demonstrating their competence in a variety of skill and knowledge areas.

Student who demonstrates a competency is showing the ability "to do" something to put knowledge and principles into practice.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

After completing all examinations, students are required to apply the course content in his or her work setting and submit an example of how they achieved this goal.

CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Participants will achieve competencies required in the performance of their jobs. Participants build confidence as they succeed in mastering specific competencies. Participants receive a transcript or list of the competencies they have achieved.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION BASED NURSING EDUCATION

A curriculum that is competency based will contain very specific outcome statements that contain the competencies to be attained. These outcome statements can also be thought of as learner goals and are measurable.

A student in a competency-based program will continue in the class until he demonstrates a level of competency that shows mastery.

There are typically multiple kinds of instructional styles used, including group activities, hands-on practice, individual performance, etc.

CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPETENCY BASED NURSING EDUCATION BASED NURSING EDUCATION

The focus of a competency-based program is not on learning theory, but is more on the needs of the learner.

Those needs are generally basic skills, the application of those skills and the attainment of higher skills.

Competency-based instruction generally provides the learner with immediate feedback and is paced to the needs of the learner.

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Sliding back into traditional teaching methods if there is not enough follow-up and training for the facilitators.

Training time is used more efficiently and effectively.

More training time is devoted to working with participants individually or in small groups as opposed to presenting lectures

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

More training time is devoted to evaluating each participant’s ability to perform essential job skills.

If the competencies and accompanying rubrics are not carefully chosen and planned to ensure successful implementation, the curriculum will not be strong enough to support a true competency-based learning experience.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

A competency-based curriculum, if done right, will enhance the skill levels of professionals in white collar jobs as well as those workers in blue collar jobs.

Implemented effectively, competency-based education can improve quality and consistency, reduce costs, shorten the time required to graduate, and provide us with true measures of student learning.