COMPHREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN (C-DAP)...

COMPHREHENSIVE DISTRICT

AGRICULTURE PLAN

(C-DAP)

DISTRICT KOLASIB

MIZORAM

COMPREHENSIVE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE PLAN

(C-DAP)

FOR RASHTRIYA KRISHI VIKAS YOJANA

OF XIth FIVE YEAR PLAN

Prepared by

District Agriculture Department

Kolasib District

FOREWORD

The National Development Council has set the goal of 4 per cent

growth in the 11th

plan by reorienting strategies of Agricultural Development towards

meeting the needs of farmers and appropriate use of natural resources. The state

governments are motivated to concentrate on finding and evolving suitable strategies

with innovative technologies and projects for rejuvenation of agriculture in the country.

The need for integrated local area plans, based on specific endowments and needs of

each area, was stressed from the beginning of planned development. However, despite

several reports and studies, only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning

could be located. It has therefore been decided by the Govt. of India that the 'District

Plan Process' should be an integral part of the process of preparation of State. GoI

Introduced a new Additional Central Assistance scheme to incentivize States to draw up

plans for their agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro-climatic

conditions, natural resource issues and technology into account, and integrating

livestock, poultry and fisheries more fully. I appreciate the Department of agriculture at

the state level also at the district level for their effort and coordination for preparation

of C-DAPs in an appropriate manner consulting with all line departments of the state. I

also congratulate all implementing agencies of RKVY to work with commitment for

achieving the common goals in general and to improve the agriculture economy of the

state.

Date

Director

Department of Agriculture

CONTENTS

Chapters Title Pages

Chapter -1 Introduction

1.1 Methodology

1.2 Stages of District Planning

1.3 Vision Statement

1.4 Objectives of C-DAP

1.5 Expected Outcome

Chapter - 2 Kolasib District Profile

2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

2.2 Operational Land Holding

2.3 Land Characteristics

2.4 Soil fertility status

2.5 Climate

2.6 Agro – climatic zones

2.7 Flood and draughts in the district

2.8 Irrigation and ground water

2.9 Service centre in agriculture and allied sectors

2.10 Basic marketing infra-structure for agricultural production / post

harvest management

2.11 Existing projects in the district

Chapter - 3 STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES AND THREAT

(SWOT) ANALYSIS OF THE DISTRICT AND

IDENTIFICATION OF CRITICAL GAPS

3.1 Introduction

3.2 SWOT Analysis of Agriculture District

3.3 SWOT Analysis of Horticulture District

3.4 SWOT Analysis of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary District

3.5 SWOT Analysis of Fishery Sector of District

3.6 SWOT Analysis for Sericulture

3.7 Challenges for the state as whole region and specific to the

District

Chapter 4 STATUS OF AGRICULTURE AND PROPOSED STRATEGIES

4.1 Agriculture activities

4.2 Agricultural Farming Systems

4.3 Shifting (Jhum) Cultivation

4.4 Cropping Pattern

4.5 Crop Intensity

4.6 Crop Intensity

4.7 Seed Production and Seed Village

4.8 Thrust areas in Kolasib

4.9 Yield gap analysis

4.10 Performance gap analysis

4.11 Problems and interventions

4.12 Physical and Financial targets

Chapter - 5 ALLIED SECTOR‟S STATUS AND PROPOSED PLAN

5.1 Horticulture

5.1.1 Potential Horticultural Crops

5.1.2 Strategies for Development of Horticulture Sector

5.1.3 Production Gap Analysis

5.2 Animal Husbandry

5.2.1 Cattle Production

5.2.2 Rearing System

5.2.3 Physical and financial Requirement

5.3 Fishery in the District

5.3.1 Fish Species of the District

5.3.2 Fish Production

5.5 Suggested interventions for Soil and Water Conservation

5.6 Agro-forestry and Social forestry

5.7 Infrastructure development

5.8 Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in the district

Chapter 6 District Plan

Annexure I Primary Data of the district

CONTENTS

Contents of Tables

Sl No Titles Page

nos

1 General information of the district

2 Population trend in Kolasib district as per 2001 census

3 Land Holdings (Agriculture Census 2001)

4 Land Utilisation Statistics (preceding 3 years average)

5 Land Capability Classification

6 Land Capability Classification

7 Data on Weather

8 Data on Weather

9 Distribution of Soil Type in Kolasib district

10 Information on Natural Calamities

11 Status of Protective Community Tanks

12 Basic Marketing Infrastructure for Agriculture Produce

13 Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops in Irrigated/ Rainfed

Conditions during Kharif Season

14 Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops in Irrigated/ Rainfed

Conditions

During rabi season

15 Status of Varietal Demonstration

16 Oil palm production in Kolasib district

17 Yield Gap Analysis

18 Gap in Research / Extension / Adoption and Proposed Extension

Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Rain fed-

Paddy in the District (Transplanted)


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Rain

fed_Paddy in the District (Direct Sown)


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Mustard (Rabi

Oilseed)


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Pea (Rabi

Pulse)


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Kharif Pulse


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / income from Maize

24 Problems identified in Agriculture and suggested interventions

25 Proposed Strategies, Physical and Financial targets for Agriculture


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Tomato


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Potato


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Rhizomatous


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Chilli


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Pineapple

31 Gap in Research ncome from Banana


Strategy for Improving the Productivity / Income from Passion Fruit

33 Proposed Strategy for Horticultural Development

34 Kolasib Livestock Population: District wise

35 Research / Extension / adoption Gap and Proposed Strategies for

Improving the Productivity / Income from Cow


Improving the Productivity / Income from Goat


Improving the Productivity / Income from Pig


Improving the Productivity / Income from Poultry

39 Physical and financial Requirement for the Suggested Interventions

for Animal Husbandry Sectoral Development

40 Physical Targets And Financial Projection During Xith Plan For

Fisheries

Fisheries

41 Physical Targets And Financial Projection During Xith Plan For

Sericultre

Sericulture

42 Physical targets and financial projection during xith plan for soil and

water conservation

43 Physical targets and Financial projection during xith plan for agro-

forestry and social forestry

44 Physical targets and Financial projection during XI th plan for

infrastructure

45 Physical targets and financial projection during xith plan for training

programme

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

Concerned by the slow growth in the agriculture and allied sectors, the National

Development Council (NDC) resolved that a special Additional Central Assistance

Scheme, named Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) be launched. To implement

this, formulation of action plans by means of developing District Agriculture Plans

(DAP) is recommended. Subsequently, a comprehensive State Agriculture Plan (SAP)

would be prepared by integrating these DAPs.

The major areas of focus were integrated development of major food crops like paddy,

coarse cereals, minor millets, pulses and oilseeds; Agriculture mechanization;

Strengthening of Market Infrastructure and Marketing Development; Activities relating

to enhancement of Horticultural Production and Popularization of Micro Irrigation

Systems; Sericulture Development; and Animal Husbandry and Fisheries Development

activities.

A series of meetings was held at the state as well district head quarter to discuss the

various components of the District Agriculture Plan in the presence of line department

officials and experts. The feedback received in the Meetings was incorporated in the

District Agriculture Plan.

District Agriculture Plan Kolasib is an important and potential district of Mizoram for agriculture

production. It is situated between 240 00‟00"N to 24

0 30‟00" N latitude and 92

0

30‟00”E to 93000‟ 00" E longitude. Its district head quarter is also known as Kolasib

which is situated in the central part of the district. The District head quarter also known

as Kolasib which is located at a distance of 100 Km away from Silchar (Assam) by NH

No. 54. No air connectivity in the district. The nearest railway connectivity at Bairabi is

30 km away.

The total geographical area of Kolasib district is 138251 hectare, which is about

15.5% of the state area of Mizoram. The district comprises with two agricultural sub-

divisions, namely, Bilkhawthlir and Kolasib agricultural sub-divisions. It contains 2

development Blocks namely, Thingdawl and Bilkhawthlir and 44 villages. Total

population as per 2001 census is 64,329 and is predominantly Schedule Tribes. The

topography in general is undulant with broken mountainous / hilly ranges and between

them lies the valley lands suitable for cultivation of field crops. The hills are suited for

Horticultural practices wherever the slopes are gentle/moderate. The soils in hills are

rich in humus due to forest cover. However, in abandoned jhum lands the situation is

reverse. The soil in general is acidic- pH

ranging between 4.5 - 6, deficient in base

material, medium in organic carbon, low in available phosphorus and high in potash.

The predominant soil taxonomy is Hapladults and Udonthernts wherein moisture

retention capacity is very low. Though the District mainly comprises of hilly terrain

there are low lying valley lands in few pockets, where altitude is rather low having

warm and humid climate facilitating paddy cultivation. In fact, this district has many

such rice pockets. The altitude ranges between 36 - 900 meter MSL in the district. The

economy of the district is pre-dominantly agarian with more than 60- 65% of the total

work force engaged either directly or indirectly in agriculture. However, agriculture

still remains under-developed and the primitive practice of Jhum (shifting cultivation)

predominates. Both production and productivity are relatively low in rainfed jhum areas

in comparison to the WRC areas with irrigation facilities.

Priority setting for the district

• Conservation and sustainable management of natural resources.

• Enhancement of soil health

• Introduction of appropriate technologies to increase the production and productivity of

agriculture and allied sectors.

• Encouraging multiple land use by increasing cropping intensity and intercropping.

• Integration of crop husbandry with vegetable and horticultural crops, animal

husbandry, mushroom cultivation and other non crop based farming.

• Bridging yield gaps of crops, animals and other enterprises.

• Human resources development of rural youths, farm women, other disadvantaged

groups and filed staff.

• Paradigm shift from production oriented farming to market oriented agriculture with

the promotion of Agro processing industries.

Objectives : Considering the above situation the present database/information system

was developed with the following objectives

Analysis on the existing farming practices.

Collection Analysis of secondary data on agriculture and allied sector.

Identification of production constrains and technological gap.

Documentation of existing marketing pattern.

Formulation of strategies and action plan for different agricultural production

system to increase productivity.

Expected Outcome

This document will provide better and clear understanding of prevailing

agricultural and allied situations, constrains and existing technological gaps in

district.

This document is put forward to provide an insight to identify the development

opportunities and potentialities for employment generation in the field of

agriculture and allied sector.

This document will support the state government to develop agriculture and

allied sector and will help in reforming policies and action plans.

Various Interventions and strategies for the agriculture development.








Development of suitable technologies such as varietal improvement, input

management supported by a strong institutional arrangements for the supply of inputs

like seed, fertilizers, plant protection chemicals, credit, etc, price support system

favourable to farmers and market infrastructure for major crops like paddy, maize,

sugarcane, banana, vegetables, and fodder crops.

• Encouraging maize as an alternate crop for paddy

• Development of minor irrigation

• Strengthening water harvesting structures like farm ponds and check dams.

• Reclamation of fallow and degraded lands.

Training and exposure visit to the farmers, traders, and other stakeholders on grading,

post harvest technologies, value addition and market intelligence.

• Strengthening the extension machinery for effective dissemination of technology.

• Strengthening of rural markets with storage facilities.

• Strengthening of farmers‟ market with additional storage facilities.

• Establishment of cattle feed units.

• Inland fisheries development in major tanks and reservoirs and

Abstract of District Agricultural Plan

Budget Details for Activities Proposed in the District Agriculture Plan

Sl No Rs. In Lakhs

2010-11 2011-12 TOTAL

Agriculture

Horticulture

Animal

Husbandry

Fishery

Sericulture

Soil

Water

Conservation

KVK

Total

CHAPTER – I

INTRODUCTION

India occupies 2% of the world geographical area and 16% of its

population. At the time of independence, the country had a total population of 350

million and produced only 51 million tonnes of food grain. Today, population has

crossed 1 billion marks and food grain production has increased to 230.67 million

tonnes (2007-08). But the agricultural productivity world over has hit a plateau,

whereas, Indian scenario is different. Apart from the flattening of yields over the past

two decades, our average productivity also lies below the optimum level. The growth

spurt ignited by the green revolution in the 1970 is now seeing diminishing returns to

technology. Again the North Eastern state like Mizoram, the situation is completely

different. Most of the people observe the state as organic “by default”. In the last 30

years the state has not been able to do any remarkable job in the field of agriculture,

especially for attaining independency in food supply. At the same time the population

of the state is growing very fast and the last decadal growth rate was 28.82 %. So, in

this current global scenario policy makers have to rethink on the long term basis for the

development of agriculture of the state. Another fact is that the crisis for food is going

to increase in other parts of the country with the increasing population pressure.

Therefore, we need to be independent in our food grain production.

The economic reforms commenced in 1991 has successfully put the

economy in a higher growth orbit with more than 8 percent growth rate in total Gross

Domestic Product (GDP) especially during the recent years. However, the agriculture

sector which accounted for more than 30 percent of total GDP at the beginning of

reforms failed to maintain its pre-reform growth. On the contrary, it witnessed a sharp

declining in growth after the mid 1990s as the per annum growth in agriculture sector

dropped to 1.9 percent during 1996-97 to 2001-2002 from 3.2 percent in the period

1980-81 to 1995-1996. This happened despite the fact that agricultural productivity in

most of the States was quite low, as it were, and the potential for the growth of

agriculture was high. The Tenth five year plan target of growth of 4 percent per annum

in agriculture and allied sectors, set to reverse the sharp declining of 1996-1997 to

2001-2002 has not been achieved. A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a

precondition of development in India as more than 50 percent of country‟s work force

still depends upon agri. for its livelihood. This slow growth in agriculture (including

allied sectors) can be of great strain for the economy. Concerned over this pace of

growth in agriculture and allied sectors, the National Development Council (NDC), in

its meeting held on 29th May, 2007 resolved that a special Additional Central

Assistance Scheme i.e. National Agriculture Development Programme/ Rastriya Krishi

Vikas Yojana (RKVY) be launched with following main objectives .

The main objectives of the scheme are:

► To stimulate the States for increasing public investment in agriculture and allied

sectors

► To ensure that agricultural plans of Districts/States are prepared and are based on

agro- climatic conditions, availability of technology and natural resources.

► To reduce the yield gap in important crops and increase production and productivity

in agriculture and allied sectors through focused and holistic initiatives.

► To ensure that local needs/crops/priorities are better reflected in the agricultural

plans of the Districts/States.

► To provide flexibility and autonomy to States in planning and implementation of

agriculture and allied sector schemes.

► To maximize income of farmers in agriculture and allied sectors.

The eligibility for assistance from the Centre under the scheme would

depend upon the State Government providing amounts in the Plan Budget of the State

for agriculture and allied sectors over the baseline expenditure.

As per the NDC resolution Government of India introduced a new

Additional Central Assistance Scheme to incentivize States to draw up plans for their

agriculture sector more comprehensively, taking agro-climatic conditions, natural

resource issues and technology into account, and integrating livestock, poultry and

fisheries etc. This involves a new scheme for Additional Central Assistance (ACA) to

State Plans, administered by the Union ministry of Agriculture over and above its

existing centrally sponsored schemes, to supplement the state-specific strategies. In

order to rejuvenate the agriculture during XIth plan a growth rate of 4 percent per

annum has to be achieved (as per NDC commitment) by reorienting development

strategies that meet the needs of the farmers. The agriculture growth being essential

element of the strategy of making growth more inclusive, the NDC advised the State

Governments on preparation of Comprehensive District Agriculture Plans (C-DAP)

which includes allied agriculture sectors with full and efficient utilization of available

resources. The concept of integrated local area plans (to raise living standard in rural

area and overcome food shortage) based on specific endowments and needs of each

area mooted in 1st Five year plan in 1951, could not be materialized in true sense as

only sporadic efforts and isolated cases of such planning were practically attempted.

For success of local area or district level plans the underlying constraints needed to be

identified and required infrastructural investment, extension (and research system)

revamping and market reach with the system‟s conduct and performance have to be

synchronized through a holistic policy approach. Keeping this in view the C-DAP of

district is prepared for achieving sustainable agricultural growth with improved

farmers‟ income through participatory process involving stakeholders and various

organizations. By establishing strong linkages with required institutional support

services the plan will ensure optimum utilization of scarce physical and financial

resources. The Agriculture in the district can‟t possibly achieve same growth as in the

past without recognizing the role of farmers‟ participatory approach for formulating

strategies and finding solution to new and emerging problems.

1.1 METHODOLOGY

The methodology of the Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-

DAP) focuses on understanding the potential for development, infrastructure needed to

support the development and identifying initiatives required. These potentials are to be

treated as goals to be achieved with the available flow of resources and additional

resources under RKVY.

The C-DAP guidelines envisage the preparation of the district agricultural

plan as a process to be accomplished by the various stakeholders of the district and

below level. The actual planning work was undertaken by the district planning units

under the supervision of district Agriculture Officer with the coordination of all the line

departments and elected bodies.

CDAP guidelines envisage planning for agriculture development at grass

root level. In the context of the state of Mizoram and similarly for the district, the

planning process have been accomplished with the consultation at various level

conforming nearly all the villages. In the light of the need for constitution of District

Agricultural Planning Unit (DAPU), Block Agricultural Planning Unit (BAPU) and

Village Agricultural Planning Unit (PAPU) as per the CDAP Guidelines, the state

decided to make use following aerial unit as the planning unit at three levels namely.

Formation of Planning Units

Agriculture and allied activities in the state as in the case of other states of

India are looked after by number of government departments with organizational

structure at district and below level. Selection of departments to decide upon the

content of CDAP, the state Government followed the stipulation of the CDAP

Guidelines. The consideration led to the selection of following departments and their

activities under CDAP-

Department of Agriculture

Department of Horticulture

Department of Sericulture

Department of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary

Department of Fishery

Department of Minor Irrigation

Finalization of Activity Chart

The district agriculture unit has completed the following activities in the

five broad areas as follows –

1. Visioning and Vision Statement.

2. Development of working skills and capabilities of the Planning Teams.

3.Developing methodology, planning tools and software package for data

entry and analysis for preparation of CDAP to different planning units

4. Familiarization of Planning Teams in the planning methodology.

5. Guidance and coordination during the planning process.

1.2 Stages of District Planning

1: Preparatory Activities

Task-1: Conduct of state level workshop for orientation with CDAP, selection of agri.

and allied departments to be part of C-DAP, planning unit and role and responsibility of

the selected department in the preparation of C-DAP.

Task-2: Guided for constitution of Planning Teams namely; DAPU, BAPU and PAPU

at district, Block and Village levels.

Task-3: Preparation of Planning Module and Reading Material to be used for the

capacity building of the members of DAPU, BAPU and PAPU.

Task-4: Preparation of Format (Primary Data Collection at Village Level) for

participatory assessment of local situation [Natural, Human, performance status of the

activities in practice, Backward-Forward linking facilities (input, services and output)

and price] and local need / choice.

Task-5: Preparation of Sector wise Department Schedules for collection of data for

assessment of establishment setup, manpower strength, ongoing development activities,

funds flow (tied & untied) under plan and non-plan heads and utilization by line

department at District Level.

Task-6: Estimation of economics (land and labour productivity) of the departments of

agriculture and allied under- Advance practice, Moderate practice, Traditional practice

and Average status.

Task-7: Piloting of the Schedules / Formats

Activity-2: Data Collection and Plan Preparation

Task-1: Conduct of capacity building training of Planning Teams

(a) DAPU by TSI

(b) BAPU by DAPU

(c) PAPU by DAPU

Task-2: Delivery of Planning Tools

i. Primary Data Collection Schedule as per guidelines.

ii. Sectoral Department Schedule (establishment setup, manpower

strength, ongoing development activities, funds flow (tied & untied) by

plan and non-plan and utilization)

iii. Participatory assessment of development need / potential and decision

making through structured schedule.

District Level, Block Level, Village Level

Task-3: Estimation of economics of Agriculture and agro-based activities

a. Advance practice – HYV with full package.

b. Moderate practice – HYV with mixed use of advanced package.

c. Traditional practice

d. Average status –

Task-4: Conduct of capacity building training on software.

(i) „Data Entry and Analysis Software‟ for Operator (selected members at

district level).

Task-5: Data Entry, Compilation and Aggregation of data as per structured format.

Task-6: Organisation of the plan report in chapters

Task-7: Preparation of Draft Report.

1. Statistical profile has been prepared at the level of each planning unit. This

helped to understand the development perspective of the district.

2. Vision was prepared combining both development perspective and aspiration of

the people.

3. The strengths across the agriculture and allied sectors have been documented on

the basis of the resource endowment, production and productivity.

4. The Weaknesses confronted in the existing pattern of development also have

been identified with respect to the status of productivity, skill and infrastructure

available.

5. The Opportunities that benefit most in the district have been identified by

making necessary information about technology and external market available to

the groups and individuals at grassroot level.

6. The Threats that may confront also have been visualized and enlisted.

7. People‟s choices and preferences have assessed for Income Generating (IG)

activities and Infrastructure facilities

8. Assessment of Investment requirement of the preferred activities and also the

gap with the resources that are expected to be available during the plan period

has been made.

9. The growth potential of the proposed investment has been worked out and

presented.

10. Physical and financial dimension of the plan have been set and phased.

The required Changes in the management practices aimed in the proposed plan-

• Adoption of resources conservation technologies at large scale.

• Farm productions system for land owing families.

• Soil health sustainability through the applications of fertilizers & other mgt practices.

• Effective pest management strategies including weed & nematodes based on

economic threshold value.

• Augmentation of the existing water applications through rain water conservation and

demand management.

System approach:

1. Market infrastructure and marketing opportunities, custom hiring services and some

of the policy issue related to subsidy.

2. Collected and discussed the feed back regarding on-Farm and Off-Farm activates.

3. Farmer inability to invest in the productivity enhancement as majority of farmers

belongs to resources poor category.

4. Livelihood support system for landless families.

5. Profitability and sustainability of cropping system and return

1.3 VISION STATEMENT

Sustainable Rural Livelihood by Accelerating Agriculture Growth through

Integrated farming system and diversified Cropping Pattern.

Priority setting for the district

• Conservation, development and sustainable management of water resources.

• Soil health improvement

• Popularizing resource conserving technologies.

• Encourages multiple land use by increasing cropping intensity and intercropping.








1.4 Objectives of C-DAP

Considering the above situation the present database/information system was

developed with the following objectives

1. Analysis on the existing farming practices.

2. Collection Analysis of secondary data on agriculture and allied sector.

3. Identification of production constrains and technological gap.

4. Documentation of existing marketing pattern.

5. Formulation of strategies and action plan for different agricultural production

system to increase productivity.

1.5 Expected Outcome

This document will provide better and clear understanding of prevailing

agricultural and allied situations, constrains and existing technological gaps in

Champai district.

This document is put forward to provide an insight to identify the development

opportunities and potentialities for employment generation in the field of

agriculture and allied sector.

This document will support the state government to develop agriculture and

allied sector and will help in reforming policies and action plans.

CHAPTER – II

KOLASIB DISTRICT PROFILE

Kolasib is an important and potential district of Mizoram for agriculture

production. It is situated between 240 00‟00"N to 24

0 30‟00" N latitude and 92

0

30‟00”E to 93000‟ 00" E longitude. Its district head quarter is also known as Kolasib

which is situated in the central part of the district. The District head quarter also known

as Kolasib which is located at a distance of 100 Km away from Silchar (Assam) by NH

No. 54. No air connectivity in the district. The nearest railway connectivity at Bairabi is

30 km away.

The total geographical area of Kolasib district is 138251 hectare, which is about

15.5% of the state area of Mizoram. The district comprises with two agricultural sub-

divisions, namely, Bilkhawthlir and Kolasib agricultural sub-divisions. It contains 2

development Blocks namely, Thingdawl and Bilkhawthlir and 44 villages. Total

population as per 2001 census is 64,329 and is predominantly Schedule Tribes.

Table 1 : General information

The topography in general is undulant with broken mountainous / hilly ranges

and between them lies the valley lands suitable for cultivation of field crops. The hills

are suited for Horticultural practices wherever the slopes are gentle/moderate. The soils

in hills are rich in humus due to forest cover. However, in abandoned jhum lands the

General Population (As per the 2001 Cencus)

Block Village No. of

villages

Area

(ha.)

No. of

village Male

Femal

e

Tota

l S.C S.T.

Inhab

ited

Uninh

abited

Thingda

wl 17 -- 17 92153 17

1101

9 10814

2183

3 --

2183

3

Bilkhawt

hlir 27 -- 27 48098 27

2132

2 21174

3249

6 --

3249

6

Total 44 -- 44

13825

1 44

3234

1 31988

6432

9 --

6432

9

situation is reverse. The soil in general is acidic- pH

ranging between 4.5 - 6, deficient in

base material, medium in organic carbon, low in available phosphorus and high in

potash. The predominant soil taxonomy is Hapladults and Udonthernts wherein

moisture retention capacity is very low.

Though the District mainly comprises of hilly terrain there are low lying valley

lands in few pockets, where altitude is rather low having warm and humid climate

facilitating paddy cultivation. In fact, this district has many such rice pockets. The

altitude ranges between 36 - 900 meter MSL in the district.

The economy of the district is pre-dominantly agrarian with more than 60- 65%

of the total work force engaged either directly or indirectly in agriculture. However,

agriculture still remains under-developed and the primitive practice of Jhum (shifting

cultivation) predominates. Both production and productivity are relatively low in

rainfed jhum areas in comparison to the WRC areas with irrigation facilities.

Kolasib District can be categorized under two agro-climatic zones namely, as

Humid mild tropical, Humid – sub- tropical hill zones. Both the agro-climatic zones

have good production potential. There are wide variations in climatic condition, a

distinct micro-climatic variation exist depending upon the altitude, which sharply

differs from place to place. Considering the agro-climatic conditions, the district has

feasibility and scope for cultivation of wide variety of field crops like paddy, maize,

potato etc. The staple food crop is paddy, maize is secondary. Wide range of fruits,

vegetables, Spices, Oilseeds and Pulses are grown. There are plenty of grasslands,

wherein livestock rearing is possible due to naturally available fodder. Water harvesting

is conveniently done in valleys and lower ridges, which are ideal for „Pisci-culture‟.

Many such areas are seen practicing fisheries. Irrigation facilities in the forms of both

river diversion schemes and river lift schemes helping in increasing production of

various agricultural and horticultural commodities.

2.1 DEMOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

As per the census of 2001 the total population of Kolasib district is 64,329. The

variation in the density as well as the distribution of population is related to the

physical, social and economic factors, which are responsible for the characteristics of

the population in the district. The data of table 2 shows that male and female population

Fig. 3: Land Holding Pattern in Kolasib district

4270 3553

1588 159

8

Marginal farmer

Small farmer

Semi-medium farmer Medium farmer

Large farmer

is in almost equal proportion. The decadal variation percentage of population from

1991 to 2001 is about 35.20 %. The literacy rate in the district is as high as 91.3%.

Table 2: Population trend in Kolasib district as per 2001 census

District Area

(ha)

No. of

Household

Population Decadal

variation

% 1991-

2001

Literacy

rate

(%)

Total Male Female

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Kolasib

138251

14053

64329

32341

31988

35.20

91.30

2.2 Operational Land Holding

The land holding pattern of the district reflects dominance of both marginal and

small farmers which are found to be almost in proportion of 4:3.5. Marginal farmers

dominate (44.5%) followed

by small farmers (37%).

Semi-medium and Medium

farmers cover about 18%.

The large farmers

are very negligible.

Because of the small and

fragmented land holding of

the farmers, extensive

farming as well as use of

agricultural machineries

like tractor has limited scope.

Table 3 : Land Holdings (Agriculture Census 2001)

Blocks

Marginal

farmers

Small

farmers

Semi-med.

Farmers

Medium

farmers

Large

farmers Total

No. Area No. Area No. Area No. Area

No

. Area No. Area

Thingd

awl 2312 1573 1700 2329 802 2029 62 298 2 29 4878 6258

Bilkha

wthlir 1958 1358 1853 2566 786 1960 97 518 6 87 4700 6489

Total 4270 2931 3553 4895 1588 3989 159 816 8 116 9578 12747

2.3 LAND CHARACTERSITICS:

With a geographical area of over 1,38,251 hectare and perched on the high hills,

Kolasib district has difficult terrain, and hills are separated by rivers flowing north to

south, thus creating innumerable hurdles in intra-district communication. The major

rivers flowing in the district are Tlawng and Serlui which are fed by number of

tributaries.These rivers flaws from south to north and ultimately confluences to Barak

river of Assam.

The district gets an average annual rainfall of about 2600 mm and well

distributed in late April to October. The surface and sub-soil being highly porous, its

retentivity of water is low. Consequently, the district faces the unique paradoxical

problem of scarcity of water in the midst of plenty. However, the people of the district

has developed an innovative practice of harvesting roof top rain water to meet their day

to day water requirement for household activities. Drinking water problem in the

Kolasib district has been greatly solved by the water supply scheme of the government.

The total area under different types of paddy is 6969 hectare including shifting

cultivation areas. The district is having the highest potential of wet rice cultivation

(WRC) and other field crops in Mizoram in places like Chemphai, Saphai, Saipum,

Chawnpuii, Chitephai, Phainuam, Buhchangphai, Phaisen, Bukvannei, Saihapiit etc.

The cropping system throughout the district is diverse since it is dependent upon soil,

micro- climatic conditions and socio-economic status. In horticulture (fruit crops etc.)

Areca nut is extensively gown. Others are Orange, Passion fruits, Banana, Hatkora,

Papaya, Pineapple etc. The net sown area is 12747 ha and gross cropped area is only

15600 ha. The cropping intensity is only 122%. The cropping intensity is to be

increased to attain self sufficiency in food production. According to the Agriculture

Department‟s figure of 2008-2009 the total production of paddy stood at 9818 MT.

During the same year the area under all fruits crops fruits was 2530 ha with production

for all fruits crops to be 5754 MT. The Forest production is mainly timber tree species

like Gomari, Teak and bamboo, broom-grass etc. The forests are continuously under

great pressure of shifting cultivation.

Table 4 : Land Utilization Statistics (Preceding 3 years average)

Under the Centrally Sponsored Schemes like NWDPRA, IWDP, Hariyali,

NREGA, Technology Mission for Horticultural development etc., efforts are being put into

the process of reclamation of land, checking of soil erosion by constructing check dams, rain

water harvesting and extension of areas under fruit crops etc.

Taluk

Area in hectares

Geograph

ical area

Forest

area

Land

under

Non-

agril.

Use

Cultiv

able

waste

Per

man

ent

past

ures

Land

under

miscell

aneous

tree

crops

and

groves

Curre

nt

fallo

ws

Oth

er

fall

ows

Net

sown

area

Gross

cropped

area

Croppi

ng

intensi

ty (%)

Thing

dawl 92153 56864 6959 560 17515 4850 5405 6850 5.86

Bilkha

wthlir 46098 18336 5631 532 11157 3100 7342 8750 15.93

Total 138251 75200 12590 1092 28672 7950 12747 15600 9.22

Table 5 : Land Capability Classification

Block

Area in hectares

Very

good

cultiv

able

land

Class

-I

Good

cultiva

ble

land

Class-

II

Moder

ately

good

cultiva

ble

land

Class-

III

Fairly

good land

suited for

occasional

cultivation

Class-IV

Nearly level

land not

suitable for

cultivation

because of

stoniness,

wetness, etc.

Class-V

Steep

slopes,

highly

erosion

prone with

shallow

soils

Class-VI

Steep

slope with

severe soil

erosion

resulting

in eroded

stony

Class-VII

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Thingdawl -- 450 386 680 17515 4175 2784

Bilkhawthlir -- 3150 3430 4364 11157 3379 2252

Total -- 3600 3816 5064 28672 7554 5036

(It includes the Double cropped area of 267 ha)

The land capability classification of the district is presented in table 5. Good cultivable

soils (Class II) is 3600 ha and moderately good cultivable soil (Class III) is about 3800 ha.

Fairly good land suited for occasional cultivation Class-IV is about 5064 ha which need more

attention for bringing under regular cultivation. The district has about 7554 ha highly erosion

prone with shallow soils Class-VI and Moderately good cultivable land Class-III soils about

3816 ha. The double cropping area is only 267 ha which has to be increased for getting more

production.

2.4 SOIL FERTILITY STATUS

The soil fertility status of the district observed to be moderate but conducive to support

a wide range of crops. Recent data of soil sample analysis of 408 samples of the district

revealed that soils are acidic in nature with pH values ranging from 4.5 to 6.3.The percentage

of organic carbon content, is medium. The available nitrogen is medium while available

phosphorus found to be Low. The available potash is the district is found to be high.

Table 6: Soil Fertility Indices

Sl

.N

o Taluka

No. of

Soil

Samples

analysed

pH Organic carbon (%)

Acidic Neutral

Alkali

ne

Lo

w

Hig

h

Lo

w

Mediu

m High

1 Thingdawl 225 225 0.70

2

Bilkhawth

lir 183 183 0.70

Total 408 408 0.70

Available Nitrogen (kg/ha) Available Phosphorus (kg/ha) Available Potash (kg/ha)

Low Medium High Low Medium High Low Medium High

0.6 12 285

0.6 10 285

0.6 11 285

Adequate soil management practices can improve and enrich the fertility status. The

status of micronutrient content of soil could not be known due to lack of proper infra-structural

facilities in the soil testing laboratory for analyzing micro-nutrients. The district is not having

well equipped soil testing laboratory. It is obvious that due to high rainfall area, the soils

might be deficient in base materials like calcium, manganese, aluminums etc. Iron content in

the soils seems to be high effecting soil nutrient availability. Necessary soil ameliorative

measure is the need of the time to improve upon the situation. The department of agriculture

has initiated a programme of soil amendment through providing slacked lime to the farmers for

correction/reducing the soil acidity.

2.5 CLIMATE:

The Climate of Kolasib district is generally pleasant and moderate. There is no

extremities of temperature which ranges between 110 C to 34

0 C (average). The relative

humidity (%) varies from 69% to about 80% (Table 7). The rainfall is well distributed, with a

span of almost 6 months from May to October (Figure 4 and table 8). Although pre-monsoon

rains break in form the early part of March with occasional thunder-storms, the Monsoon

period really starts from the middle part of April. The average annual rainfall is around

2600mm, the peak period being June- August. There are some areas even receiving rainfall

more than 3000mm. But normal range is 2500- 300mm. The rainfall declines gradually and

ceases during November. Dry spell during Nov-Dec occurs. Occasional showers of low to

medium intensity also occur during the period from January to February due to the influence of

the Retreating / N.E. Monsoon.

Fig. 4:- Rainfall Pattern of Kolasib district

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Jan

Mar

May

July

Sept

Nov

Months

Ra

infa

ll (

mm

)

Thingdawl Block

Bilkhawthlir Block

Table 7 : Data on Weather (Available normal)

Sl

No.

Name of

Blocks

Rainfall Temperature

Humidity (%)

Min.

Avarage

rainfall

(mm)

Min. ºC Max. ºC Max.

1 Thingdawl 2620.13 11.25 35.42 60 76

2 Bilkhawthlir 2612.53 11.63 34.04 78 84

Average 2616.33 11.44 34.73 69 80

Table 8 : Block wise monthly rainfall data (latest data) in mm

Block Jan Feb Mar Apr May June July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dec

Thingdawl 36 22 122 28 156 487.2 359 654 307 297 Nil Nil

Bilkhawthlir 32 24 140 24 172 482.8 352 633 320 300 Nil Nil

Average 34 23 131 26 164 485 355 644 313 298 Nil Nil

2.6 AGRO – CLIMATIC ZONES:

Based on the rainfall, temperature, terrain and soil characteristics, the state of Mizoram has

been delineated into the following three agro – climatic zones.

1. Humid mild tropical,

2. Humid – sub- tropical hill and

3. Humid Temperate Sub Alpine

The Kolasib district has two distinct agro-climatic zones namely:- Humid mild tropical

and Humid – sub- tropical hill zones. Three major soil types/ taxonomy are found namely,

Typic Hapludults , Humic Hapludults and Typic Udornthernts ( information from maps to be

added).

The average annual rainfall found to be marginally more in the soil type of

Udonthernts. The soil type Hapladults favours paddy cultivation while many fruits, maize and

plantation crop like areca nut are growing in Udonthernts soil type.

Table 9 : Distribution of Soil Type in Kolasib district

Sl

No.

Soil Taxonomy Area in hectare Area in %

1 Typic Hapludults

Umbric Dystrochrepts

11,061 8.02 %

2 Humic Hapludults

Typic Dystrochrepts

30,415 21.99 %

3 Typic Udornthernts

Umbric Dystrochrepts

96,775 69.99%

Total 1,38,251

2.7 FLOOD AND DRAUGHTS IN THE DISTRICT:

No major incidence of floods in the district due to existence of hilly terrains. However,

due to heavy rainfall, soil erosion is a major problem. Due to scanty and erratic distribution of

rainfall during November to March, crops occasionally suffer draught like situation causing

moisture stress particularly during winter season. During 2008 –09 about 3% cropped area in

Thingdawl development block and 15% cropped area in Bilkhawthlir development block was

reported to be affected by draught.

Figure 7: Individual Water Harvesting Tank

Figure: 7 Individual Water harvesting tank

Table 10: Information on Natural Calamities

Name of Block Occurrence of

Calamities

Year in

which

effected

(since last

10 years

Severity

M / S / VS

%

Cropped

area

affected

Livestock

mortality

(No. of

animals

% of

farm

familie

s

affecte

d

Thingdawl Drought 2008 M 3% Nil 2%

Pest/disease

outbreak 2007-2008 S 6% Nil 45%

Bilkhawthlir Drought 2008-2009 S 15% Nil 30%

Flood 2006 M 5% Nil 9%

Pest/disease

outbreak 2007-2008 S 60% Nil 75%

M = Mild S = Severe VS = Very severe

2.8 IRRIGATION AND GROUND WATER

No major and medium irrigation facilities could be possible in the district due to

topographical constraint. The elevation ranges between 36 – 900 m from msl. The state has a

minor irrigation department looking after the development and maintenance of irrigation

schemes in the state as a whole and in the Kolasib district in particular. Many minor irrigation

facilities have been developed. There are a number of MI Project in places like Buchangphai,

Chemphai, Chawnpui, Saiphai, Bairabi etc. In these schemes Double cropping system are

practiced during Rabi and kharif seasons particularly paddy, maize and many vegetables are

grown in considerable scale.

The Kolasib district has both river diversion schemes and river lift schemes. It has 49 river

diversion schemes

with a gross

command area

(GCA) of 2583 ha,

which have 2313

culturable

Command Area

(CCA). It has 4

river lift schemes

covering about 165

ha GCA and 150 ha

CCA. With these

schemes 4756 ha of

irrigated potential has been created in the district indicating a gap between potential created

and utilized. The district has many potential areas for developing rain water harvesting. The

number of Rain Water Harvesting Dams is about 166 with pondage area about 120 ha. There

are sizeable irrigated areas giving scope to double cropping and HYV programme.

However, people of Mizoram are known for their innovative practice of Roof Top Rain

Water Harvesting for day to day household activities which can be seen in Kolasib district also.

Table 11-- : Status of Protective Community Tanks (2006-07)

Type Existing Community Tanks (2006-07

Crop No Area (Ha) Investment

A. AGRICULTURE

1) Oil Palm 5 10

2) Sugarcane - -

B. HORTICULTURE :

1) Banana 4 2.3 230000

2) Areacanut 1 1 100000

3) Vegetable 6 6.3 630000

4) M.Orange 1 0.4 40000

5) Chow chow 2 2 200000

The status of ground water could not be obtained as the Central Ground Water

Board (CBGB), Govt. of India has no Ground Water Monitoring Stations (GWMS) in the

Mizoram. However, due to high hills and terrain condition, extraction of ground water for

irrigation purpose is least feasible.

2.9 SERVICE CENTRE IN AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED SECTORS:

The farmers of the district have been adopting mechanization in the agricultural

practices by using power tillers and other tools and implements. However, they are facing

problems of maintenance and repairing facilities or know how at rural level. Creation of

Service centre will be helpful for the farmers. Hence, provision for creation of service centre at

least two in each of the Block head quarter need to be planned.

SOIL TESTING LABORATORY IN THE DISTRICT:

There is no well equipped Soil Testing Laboratory or mobile soil testing unit in

the district. Optimum nutrient application in soil is not being done by the farmers due to lack of

knowledge of soil fertility status. Awareness for need and importance of soil testing is very

poor. Necessary field level training is required to create awareness among farmers in the

district. Option for setting up an well equipped of soil testing laboratory is necessary.

2.10 BASIC MARKETING INFRA-STRUCTURE FOR AGRICULTURAL

PRODUCTION / POST HARVEST MANAGEMENT:

Market infrastructures have not been well organized or built up in the district so far.

Only few markets sheds have been constructed in some potential areas but these areas need

good connectivity and market network. Only four sub-markets and two main markets are

functioning in the district. In the Bilkhawthlir development block two rural godowns have been

established. More rural godown may be constructed at community or co-operative level.

Table 12: Basic Marketing Infrastructure for Agriculture Produce

Sl.

No Taluka

Storage Structures Markets

(Numbers)

Rural

Godowns Cold Storage Onion Storage

Main

Market

Sub-

market

Nos Capacity Nos. Capacity Nos. Capacity

1 Thingdawl -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2

2 Bilkhawthlir 2 300 MT 1 400 MT -- -- 2 2

There is good scope of marketing of Agricultural Produces in some areas

having good road connectivity.

Available markets in Kolasib district are:-

1. At Vairengte which is playing an important role as inter-state market where traders

from neighboring state (Assam) arrives with their commodities. Produces from various

parts of Kolasib district also is assembled on every Thursday for marketing.

2. At Kolasib, the district head quarter is developing in to a large market which operates

daily and weekly. Commodities from neighboring villages arrive in this market.

3. At Thingdawl, which is serving as a small market.

4. Kawnpui also is serving as a small market.

5. At Serkhan there is a small market which caters the need of the neighboring villages.

6. Bairabi also developing a market center for many horticultural and agricultural

commodities including fish. The sole railway station of the state of Mizoram is located

at Bairabi which serves as important market facilities.

7. Lungdai has a small market which is known for its various fruits and vegetables.

Storage facilities need to be created as well as transportation facilities for

agricultural commodities need to be improved. The district also offers scope for development

of post harvest management for many economically viable agricultural and horticultural

commodities. Training for different technologies on post harvest may be organized in selected

areas. Lack of storage facilities, transportation bottleneck, inadequate grading, packing &

drying are the main constraints. Cold storage facilites is available in fisheries sector. Markets

are not actually regulated. Rural godown and market sheds in potential areas may be created.

2.11 EXISTING PROJECTS IN THE DISTRICT

Important on-going programmes: Central sector

Name of the Schemes Activity in brief Objectives

National Watershed

Development

Programme

(NWDPRA or

WDPSCA)

Revolving fund to user groups for

crop production, rearing of duck,

goat, eri-muga

Training to community

organisations like SHG, User

Groups

Natural Resource Management

Conserve & manage natural

resources

Increased productivity with

non-land based activity for land

less and land-based activity in

the watershed area

Income generation for the poor

& landless families

IWDP it is a watershed basis approach

with a purpose of developing the

land in and integrated manner as

per the land capability.

Soil & moisture conservation

management is the prime

objective

Integrated Pest

Management (IPM) Training & demonstration on IPM

on rice through Farmers field

School

* Awareness and capacity building

to farmers on eco-friendly / low

cost pest & disease management of

rice.

National Rural

Employment

Guarantee Schemes

(NRGES)

It is an employment guarantee

scheme in the rural sector for

generating wage income while

working one formulated

development projects.

The rural connectivity for

making of different assets to

generate income in agriculture

like irrigation channels, ponds

and other water harvesting

structures etc.

Rashtriya Krishi

Vikash Yojona

(RKVY)

Development of innovative

programme in agricultural and

allied sector

Agricultural Farm mechanization

Development of Rainfed Farming

Market Infrastructure

Managing Soil Health

Horticulture Development

Organic cultivation and

vermicompost production

Bottom-up Approach in

agricultural Planning

Reducing yield gap

Maximize return to the farmers

To address the demand of

agricultural and allied sectors in

an integrated manner.

Technology Mission

for Integrated

Development of

Horticulture in NE

Area Expansion of thrust crops in

the district

Creating support component like

nursery, irrigation potentiality,

vermicompost production, shade

net, agricultural equipments & etc.

* To increase production and

productivity of horticultural

produce in the district.

National Project for

cattle and buffalo

breeding

Feed and fodder

development

ASCAD

Professional

Efficiency

Development

Intensive Dairy

Development

Programme

CHAPTER – 3

SWOT Analysis

Based on the interaction with the farmers, general public community leaders

and officials of different line departments Strength, Weakness, Opportunities and Threat

(SWOT) of different sectors have listed to analysing and identification of critical gaps.

3.1 AGRICULTURAL SECTOR

a. Strengths:

(a) Traditional practices of cultivating crops.

(b) Availability of W.R.C. in many areas.

(c) Possibilities of growing different crops due to varied favourable agro-ecological

condition.

(d) Availability of man power and also machine like power tiller, tractor etc.

(e) Availability of link-road throughout the areas of farm for easy transport of the

produce.

(f) Availability of land resources and good fertility status of soil naturally.

b. Weaknesses :

(a) Practices of shifting cultivation on hill slopes.

(b) Lack of technical skill for crop production.

(c) Scarcity of irrigation facilities.

(d) Lack of marketing channel.

(e) Imbalance use of NPK fertilizers.

(f) Problems of soil acidity.

(g) Lack of knowledge for IPM, INM and IDM.

(h) Some farmers are still following traditional practices of cultivating crops.

(i) Non-adoption of seed treatment with chemical and biological treatment (Bio-

fertilizers)

(j) Poor economic condition of the farmers.

(k) Non-availability of credit linkages and inputs in time.

(l) Lack of agriculture extension services. (Training and demonstration at farmers‟

field)

(m) Lack of agro-base industry.

c. Opportunities :

(a) Provision of suitable irrigation system.

(b) Scope for establishment of agro-based processing unit and cottage industries.

(c) Promotion of organic farming.

(d) Low incidence of diseases.

(e) Scope for Oilpalm cultivation and establishment of oilpalm processing unit.

(f) Scope for paddy-cum-fish culture.

(g) Improving productivity of crop through improved agronomic practices.

d. Threats :

(a) Crop damage due to sudden outbreak of rodent population.

(b) Shrinkage of agricultural land due to increase in human population.

(c) Excessive and uneven distribution of rainfall.

(d) Long dry spell during the crop season.

(e) Flood due to heavy rainfall.

(f) Fluctuation in market prices of agricultural produce.

(g) Deforestation and soil erosion.

Technological Matrix of Agriculture Sector of Kolasib District :

No Crops Problems Interventions

1 2 3 4

1.

Rice

(a) High incidence of Rice

blast disease.

(b) High infestation of pest.

(Grasshopper, Yellow stem

borer, Gundhi bug)

(c) Improper application of

chemical fertilizers (Urea,

SSP,

MOP)

1. IDM :

(a) Cultural practices.

(b) Seed treatment with copper

oxychloride @ 0.3 %

(c) Biological control like T.Viredi as seed

treatment.

(d) Spraying of Bavistein @ 1g/lt of

water.

2. IPM :

(a) Light trap.

(b) Introduction of natural enemies like

dragon fly and spider.

(c) Seedling root dip treatment in 0.05%

chlorpyriphos for 1 min before

transplanting.

(d) Spray 0.03% phosphomid- on 20-45

days after transplanting.

(e) Release of Tricho card (Trichogramma

chilonis) @ 50,000 /ha/week.

3. INM :

(a) Application of lime @

(b) Growing of green manure crops

(Sesbania, Dhaincha, Cowpea etc)

(c) Neem cake mixed urea (1:5 ratio) as

top dressing)

(d) NPK:60:30:30 Kg/Ha

(e) Use of compost.

2.

Maize (1) Stem borer infestation.

(2) Less productivity.

1. IPM

(a) Light trap.

(b) Crop rotation with non-host crops.

© Spray 0.05% Lindane or 0.1%

endosulfan on 15 days old plant.

(d) Biological control like introduction of

Trichogramma chilonis. @ 75,000/ha (6

release at 7 days interval from 45 days

after planting)

(e) Cultivation of improve varieties, Farm

mechanization, use of organic manure and

fertilizers as per recommendation.

3.

Potato

(1) Blight disease causing

drying of the plant.

(2) Local variety resulting

less productivity.

(3) Problems of post-harvest

processing.

1. IDM

(a) Cultural practices

– selection of disease free seed tubers.

- Sanitation.

- Tuber treatment before with 1:1000

mercuric chloride solution.

- High ridging.

(b) Spray Bordeaux mixture 4:4:50

strength.

© Growing of resistant.

(1)Varieties like Kufri megha, Kufri Jyoti

etc.

(2)Growing of good quality like TPS

(True potato seeds)

(3)Demonstration of technique of

cultivation TPS at farmers field.

(4)Provision of cold storage for keeping

the surplus which will fetch good price at

off-season.

(5)Low cost storage technique.

4.

French

bean

(1)Low productivity.

(2)Low marketing value.

(3)Local variety.

(1)Encourage organic farming.

(2)Provide irrigation facilities.

(3)Area expansion.

(4)Introduction of improved varieties for

high yield.

(5)Provision of channel for selling the

product in and outside the state

5.

Mustard (1)Local variety.

(2)Marketing of harvested

seeds.

(1)Introduction of HYV with improved

cultivation practices (OFT and training)

(2)Installation of oil extraction unit and

seed procurement centre.

6. Cabbage (1)Lack of technical know-

how for cultivation.

(2)Marketing of the product.

(1)Training and demonstration at farmers

field.

(2)OFT and FLD.

(3)Low cost storage technique.

(4)Provision of cold storage for keeping

the produce which is for selling during

off-season.

7.

Pulses

(Cowpea/

Soyabean/

Pea)

Low productivity of the

crop.

Drying of the plant before

reaching mature stage.

Introduction of HYV, improve package of

practices, educating the farmers about

fixation of atmospheric N2 to enrich the

soil fertility, recommend soil test (PH) and

Field demonstration with bio-fertilizers

treatment.

8. Bean 1) Low field

2) Disease infection

3) Indigerous method of

practices

1) Introduction of improved varieties

such as contender, pusa parvati.

2) 2-3 years rotation.

3) Seed treatment with Bavistin @ 1

gram/Kg of seeds followed by 2-3

spray of mancozeb (0.25%) after 45,

60 and 75 days of sowing.

4) Improved package of practices.

9. Sugarcane 1) Lack of knowledge for

cultivation.

2) Disease (red rot) and

termites infestation.

3) Non-availability of good

quality seeds (Setts).

1) Improved package of practices.

2) Seed treatment in 0.5%.

3) Application of well rotten neem cake

manure @ 60 Cartloads / Ha. and use

rotten manure only.

4) Seeds (setts) treatment in the

suspension of chlorpyriphos 20 ec

@10ml/ litre of water before sowing.

5) Quality planting materials are to be

supply to the farmers through KVK or

registered nurseries.

3.2 SWOT ANALYSIS OF HORTICULTURE

i. Strengths :

(a) Vast area of land available for cultivation of horticultural crops.

(b) Fertile soil and sufficient rainfall throughout the year.

(c) Varied Agro-climatic condition favourable for growing variety of Horticultural and

plantation crops.

(d) Optimum temperature and relative humidity for growing of horticultural crops.

(e) Many wild varieties of fruits are available in the district.

ii. Weaknesses :

(a) Inadequate post-harvest infrastructures and marketability of produces.

(b) Lack of availability of quality planting materials.

(c) Lack of awareness and training programme for scientific practices of cultivation.

(d) Constraints of credit support and institutional support for transfer of technology.

(e) Lack of knowledge and poor economic condition of the farmers.

(f) Poor communication and transport facilities.

iii. Opportunities :

(a) Area expansion with improved varieties.

(b) Wide scope for growing high value and low volume crops.

(c) Establishment of cold storage for keeping the produce.

(d) Introduction of HYV through training, demonstration, mass media etc.

(e) Shifting cultivation can be converted into horticulture plantation.

(f) Vast scope for establishment of fruit processing units.

iv. Threats :

(a) Soil erosion and flooding.

(b) Long dry spell during the crop season.

(c) Deforestation.

(d) Import of disease planting materials from other states.

TECHNOLOGICAL MATRIX HORTICULTURE SECTOR OF KOLASIB DISTRICT.

Item Reasons for gap Technology suggested

A. Orange

Variety Lack of awareness

Improved variety like Srinagar,

Kinnoue and Khasi mandarin can be

introduced after OFT.

Time of planting

Lack of adequate planting

material which give improper

time of planting.

Training and demonstration on

T-budding and nursery preparation for

seedlings and plant during June & July.

Spacing Lack of knowledge. 6-7m apart in compact area.

Fertilizer

application. Lack of knowledge.

(a) Adoption of INM.

(b) For one year old, 75g

N:40gP2O5:75K2O along with

5kg FYM and spray of micro-

nutrients.

Irrigation Lack of knowledge for

management of water.

Adoption of sprinkler irrigation.

Pest management Lack of awareness.

Adoption of IPM

(1) Cultural method pruning of infested

twigs during March-April, chemical

method –paint main trunk with 1g/lt

chlorpyriphos + 1g/lt of neem.

Disease

management. Lack of awareness.

Adoption of IDM

(Integrated Disease Management)

(1)Pruning of infected twig and apply

Bordeaux paste for citrus canker.

(2) For dieback control prune dead

twigs followed by carbondazim.

@ 1g/lt of water.

(3) Use of resistant varieties.

(4) For citrus decline, integrated

method like watering, micro-nutrient

spray, organic manure and cutting of

dry branches and twigs during winter

season.

B. Ginger

Variety Lack of awareness. Nadia

Planting time Lack of knowledge. April to May.

Seed treatment Lack of knowledge. Seed treatment with copper

oxychloride @ 0.3% for 30 minutes.

Planting system Lack of awareness. Row planting in Ridge at 45X20 cm

apart.

Fertilizer

Application. Lack of knowledge. Judicious use of Fertilizers with INM.

Pest management. Lack of awareness.

IPM-(1) Mechanical method-

collection, destruction of grubs,

weevils, larvae and

adult.

(2) Cultural method-Removal of

infested plant and burning.

(3) Chemical method-Apply

chlorpyriphos 20 EC.

@ 2 ml/lt of water.

Disease

management. Lack of knowledge.

IDM for Rhizome rot

-(1) Seed treatment with Dithane M-45

@ 3g/lt + Neem extract.

(2) Avoid water logging

(3) Treatment of seeds with

Trichoderma.

Viride @ 8-10g/lt of water.

C. Pineapple

Variety Lack of awareness. Giant kew, queen.

Planting time Lack of knowledge. June (Rainy season)

Spacing Lack of knowledge. Double row system with a spacing of

30cmx60cmx1m.

Fertilizer

application Lack of technical know-how.

INM with application of N:P:K

(100:50:100) Kg/Ha.

Irrigation Lack of knowledge. Adoption of sprinkler irrigation.

Pest management. Lack of technical know-how

IPM- cultural and mechanical method.

Application of phorate granule @ 1.75

Kg/ Ha. at the seedling stage

Disease

management Lack of knowledge

IDM – removal and destruction of

infected plant. Sanitation, removal of

weeds. Spray Dithane M-45 @ 2gm/

litre of water for controlling leaf spot

disease.

D. Banana Lack of awareness Dwarf Cavendish

Time of

sowing/planting. Lack of knowledge April

Spacing Lack of knowledge 1.8 m X 1.8m

Fertilizer

application Lack of technical know-have

INM with application of N,P2 O5 and

K2O @ 100g,100g and 300g/ plant/

year. Spray micronutrient (Multiplex)

@ 500g / 125 lts. Of water during

flowering.

Desuckering Lack of knowledge

Remove all the suckers till shooting

and allow only one sucker at shooting

to set as ratoon crop.

Irrigation Lack of awareness Micro-irrigation system (Drip

irrigation)

Pest management Lack of awareness

Application of Furadon 3g at the base

of the shoot. Mechanical method by

destroying the weeril sanitation.

Disease

management Lack of awareness

IDM spray Bordeaux mixture 2:2:250,

spray Bavistin @2g / litre of water

cultural method like removal and

burning of infected leaves. Sanitation

measure spray Dimecron @ 2ml/ litre

of water for contreating Aphids.

E. Arecanut

Varieties Lack of awareness Kahikuchi, Syhlet

Planting time Lack of awareness June

Spacing Lack of awareness 9ft X 9ft.

Manures and

Fertilizers Lack of knowledge

Application of 5kg FYM,50:20:50g of

N:P:K.plant / year spray micronutrient

during new flushes @500g / 150 lt of

water.

Irrigation Lack of knowledge

One bucket of water / plant during dry

season and mulching during dry

season.

Pest management Lack of knowledge

Spray Dimethoate (Rogor) 30ec @

2ml/litre of water for centrotting of

mites keeping phorate granules

(Thimet 10g) inside the polythene sheet

in which small holes are provided and

put the filled polythene sheet near the

plant for controlling of Spidle bugs

Diseas management Lack of knowledge

IDM cultural control like removal and

destruction of infected plant parts.

Spray 1% Bordeaux mixture twice a

year during dry season.

Passion Fruits

Variety Lack of awareness Yellow

Planting time Lack of knowledge June

Spacing Lack of knowledge 4X2m to 4X4m

Fertilizers

application Lack of technical know how

INM with application of Urea, SSP and

MOP each @200/plant/year+ bio-

fertilizer 25g/plant

Irrigation Lack of awareness

To obtain optimum production assured

irrigation during dry spell (Nov.-

March)

Pest management Lack of awareness Collection and burning of fruit fly

infested fruit clean cultivation.

Disease Lack of knowledge Pasting of collar region with Bordeaux

management paste. Removal and burning of dead

plant.Soil drenching with ridomil

@0.2%

Application of DM-45 @ 0.1% for the

management of brown spot.

3.3 SWOT ANALYSIS OF ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VETENINARY

i.. Strengths :

(a) Kolasib District has varied agro-ecological zones (Humid sub-tropical Hill zone and

Humid mild tropical zone) which favours for rearing of different livestock species (both

indigenous and exotic)

(b) Availability of abundant feeds.

(c) Rich and diverse natural resources.

(d) High market demand for livestock product especially pig meat.

(e) Farmers follow mixed farming system with livestock and pig-cum-fish culture etc.

(f) Some crops like maize, mustard, soyabean, sesamum etc are well produced in the

district which can be used for livestock and poultry feed.

(g) Farmers are hard working and have traditional knowledge for rearing of different

livestocks.

ii. Weaknesses :

(a) Inadequate credit support since most of the farmers are poor economic condition.

(b) Lack of improve and quality breed of livestock for high productivity.

(c) Lack of knowledge in livestock and poultry production system among the farmers.

(d) Weak veterinary healthcare services and insufficient facilities for good quality livestock

production.

(e) Large number of indigenous livestock and poultry with poor productivity.

(f) Farmers reared livestock mostly for subsidiary income hence limiting their production

capacities.

(g) Poor involvement of corporate sectors in the livestock industries.

(h) Insufficient training programme and awareness campaign for farmers about feeding

system and scope of rearing livestock.

iii. Opportunities

(a) Organising trainings for the F1G to close the technological gap.

(b) Training of farmers group for rearing exotic birds.

(c) Awareness campaign on breed upgradation, care and maintenance of dairy animals and

scheme processing.

(d) Organising mobile treatment camps at village level.

(e) Linkage with input, credit and marketing.

(f) Organising A.I. campaign involving paravets and NGOs in rural areas.

(g) Supply of improved breeds of different livestock for good production.

(h) Assessment of marketed surplus of milks.

(i) Trainings, balanced feeding, regular and timely vaccinations.

(j) Introduction of improved breeds, improve management practices, provision of feed

subsidy.

iv.. Threats

(a) Rapid commercialization and shrinkage of agricultural land mass.

(b) Natural calamities.

(c) Prevalent of dangerous diseases like Swine and Bird flu.

(d) Declining natural resource bare with disturbed ecosystem.

(e) Import threat from neighboring states and countries.

Technology matrix for Animal Husbandry in Kolasib District.

Constraints.

Technologies

Cattle Pig Poultry

Low productivity/

performance of

local breeds

Improved breed like

Jersey, HF etc.

Improved breeds

like Hamshire,

Large black etc.

Introduction of improved

birds like Vanaraja,

Kalinga Brown etc.

High mortality rate

of young ones.

Proper feeding of calf

and cleanliness.

Construction of

cheep area and

proper feeding of

piglets.

Proper brooding.

Poor performance

due to imbalance

feeding.

(1)Feeding at regular

scheduled intervals daily.

(2)Locally available

feeds which are easily

digestible.

(3)Silage and Hay

making during flush

seasons.

(4)Improvement of CPR.

Locally available

feed ingredients at

regular interval.

Locally available feed

ingredients.

Inadequate

breeding males

A.I.

(Artificial insemmi-

nation)

A.I. and provision

of breeding boars

to rural areas.

-

Vaccination

schedule.

Anthrax : 6 months

repeat annually during

April/May.

Swine fever :

2 months.

Ranikhet disease :

25 days.

FDM : 3-4 months, 2nd

dose after 1 month,

repeat after 6-9 months.

-

Ranikhet disease :

3-4 days.

Brucellosis :

4-6 months.

-

Gumboro :

14 days.

3.4 SWOT ANALYSIS OF FISHERIES

i. Strengths:

Rich and diverse natural resources.

The District (Kolasib) is endowed with varied agro-ecological zones which favour

rearing of various fish species.

Farmers show keen interest in rearing and have indigenous knowledge of rearing fish.

Farmers are laborious and whole family takes part in paddy-cum-fish culture.

Network of fresh water rivers and streams available.

ii. Weaknesses :

Hatcheries or nurseries for fingerlings are very unsystematic and not scientific.

Insufficient availability of fingerlings.

Lack of scientific knowledge in fish farming and production system in the district.

Lack of awareness campaign, seminars and trainings about fish culture for transfer of

technology from trained human resources.

Lack of farmers participation in fish culture activities.

Lack of sufficient marketing networks.

Lack of financial support and services.

Poor communication and transport facilities.

iii. Opportunities :

Increasing the area of water under fisheries and exploiting the riverine stretch.

Setting up eco-hatcheries and nurseries in the district.

Establishing fish producers co-operative societies and farmers club to increase

production and expand marketing.

Trainings and Demonstrations on carp culture in the district.

v. Threats

Traditional fishing by using slaked lime, bleaching powder, poison and blasting etc.

Improper market prices and rates.

Disturbances of ecological balance by declining natural resources.

Roles of pollution of water is high due to poisoning the streams and rivers.

Streams and rivers water for consumption or human use is a risk.

Technology Matrix of Fishery

SN Constraints Strategies

1 Traditional fishing by using slaked lime,

bleaching powder, poison, blasting etc.

Ban on use of chemicals and toxic

substances.

2 Lack of awareness campaign, seminars and

trainings for transfer of technology about fish

culture.

Conducting trainings, seminars

and awareness campaigns for

transfer of technology about fish

culture.

3 Lack of financial support and services. Providing credit facilities for

financial support.

4 Inadequate documentation and conservation of

fish genetic resources.

Benchmark survey and

documentation of fish treasures.

5 High siltation of rivers due to catchment area Restriction of forest destruction.

6 Lack of awareness for farmers participation in

fish culture.

Farmers participatory.

Fishery Sector

The present indigenous trend of production system shows deficit production but

in higher elevation, paddy-cum-fish culture has been introduced with great success which has

got advantage that two crops can be harvested i.e. fish and paddy in one season. In order to

boost up the production and to meet the daily requirement the following points mentioned

below are sought out in the vision document.

Scientific method of breeding and culture of fishes.

Fish processing and value addition.

Provision of cold storage plants.

Lining of fish pond by using plastics.

Production of fish feeds.

Hatchery management and fingerlings rearing.

Provision of market linkage.

Scientific composite fish farming.

Integration of fish farming with poultry/piggery etc.

Provision of credit institutions for rural fish farmers.

Projected human population and food requirements of Kolasib District till 2020.

Parameters Projected requirements

2010 2015 2020

Human 90473 120876 151280

Cereal (MT) 11959 15973.7 19991.6

Pulses (MT) 1809.46 2848.07 3189

Vegetables (MT) 9864.43 12353.52 24707.18

Fruits (MT) 23045.32 30789.5 38534.10

Oilseeds (MT) 1824.34 2545.2 4723.10

Milk (MT) 9246.32 12353.51 15460.80

Meat (MT) 977.08 1305.47 1633.82

Egg (lakh No.) 25.46 29.21 34.15

Issues and Strategies

Communication constraints: Mass media like T.V., Newspaper, Radio,

Video, Telephone etc should be able to reach each and every corner of the

District/ Villages.

Infrastructural facilities for research support : Bio-control lab, Tissue culture

lab, Disease forecasting center, Plant health clinic, Meteorological

forecasting center etc.

Transportation problem : Link road for each and every village to dispose

their produce easily.

Regular and timely supply of seeds so that the farmer will grow the crop in

the right season.

Provision of credit facilities for farmers to go for big enterprises.

Marketing channel : Provision of good marketing channel of the produce

setting up of selling booths, cold storage and SSE or MSE for fruit

processing and rice mills etc.

Extension and training support : strengthening of KVKs/ATMA with more

man power, improved tools, modern information technologies, latest

scientific knowledge etc.

Identifying the most productive crops to increase income (return).

Complete abolishing the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides and go

into pure organic.

Providing sufficient organic manures to the farmers

Fig 10: SRI Demonstration

CHAPTER 4

STATUS OF AGRICULTURE AND PROPOSED STRATEGIES

4.1 AGRICULTURE ACTIVITIES:

The District is covered by humid sub-tropical hill and humid mild tropical zone. The soils are

mostly acidic in nature (4.5-5.5pH). The texture of soil is loamy to clay loam in hill slope and

sandy to sandy clay loam in valley flat lands with well drained and well aerated. Temperature

ranges from 10-36oC and relative humidity ranges from 60-90% . Average rainfall is 260 cm.

Almost all type of vegetables, oilseeds and fruit crops are thriving well in Kolasib District. On

flat and gentle hill slope, paddy cultivation is practicing successfully.

In Kolasib District, farmers mainly grow Paddy in Jhum and flat lands whereas WRC

generally practice in rainfed conditions. Next to rice, maize comes second as cereal crop which

mainly grows in Jhum land during summer i.e. from April to August. Winter Maize in also

cultivated successfully where irrigation facility is available. Among the oilseed crops-

sesamum, soyabean, groundnut, sunflower etc. are grown during Kharif and mustard – M-27

and T-59 varieties are successfully grown during winter.

Pulses, beans, arhar, rice bean etc. are grown during Kharif. Depending on the soil

moisture condition, field pea, green gram, blackgram are grown on the river side successfully

during winter without irrigation.

The total cultivated area of the District is 12747 Ha. Approximately, out of the total

cultivated area only 892 Ha. i.e. 7.2% area is irrigated by flow and lift irrigation. Most of the

area under hill slope cultivation and Jhum cultivation are rainfed.

The economy of the district centers around agriculture and paddy is predominant commodity

which is cultivated during kharif season and even during winter season in some pockets of the

district where assured irrigation exist. Maize is another important field crop and is cultivated

both during kharif and rabi season. Following are the principal Commercial Crops grown in the

district: -

Cereal crops – Paddy is extensively grown followed by Maize. Wheat also is

successfully demonstrated under irrigated condition in Chemphai valley.

Oilseed- Sesamum and Mustard oil mainly grown.

Spices- Chilly (Bird eye), Turmeric, Ginger are common in the district

Pulses crops- Field Pea, Lentil, Bengal Gram, Black gram during Rabi season under

irrigation support.

Soybean also grown in highland in Rainfed condition

Oil palm - as new promising

commercial crop

The area, production (MT) and yield

(q/ha) of some major crops grown during

kharif and rabi season under rainfed and

irrigated conditions. Introduction of new

varieties has been tried through

conduction of few varietal trials on crops

like paddy, maize and sugarcane

Table 13 : Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops in Irrigated/ Rainfed Conditions during Kharif Season

Crops Taluk Area (ha) Production (q) Yield (q/ha)

Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated Rainfed Average

Paddy Thingdawl 10 0.7 1479 99 1489 240 8 2740 92 2980 24 18.5 21.25

Bilkhawthlir 60 1.1 5220 100 5280 1500 19 6338 81 7838 25 12 15.5

Maize Thingdawl - - 325 100 325 3350 100 3350 10.3 10.3

Bilkhawthlir 10 2 440 98 450 180 2 7320 97.6 7500 18 16.6 17.3

Sugarcane Thingdawl - - 198 100 198 - - 17070 100 17070 - 86 86

Bilkhawthlir 85 100 85 - - 6170 100 6170 - 72.5 72.5

Table14: Area, Production and Yield of Major Crops in Irrigated/ Rainfed Conditions During Rabi season

Crops Taluk Area (ha) Production (q) Yield (q/ha)

Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated % Rainfed % Total Irrigated Rainfed Average.

Maize Thingdawl 2 14 12 86 14 35 17 175 83 210 18 15 16

Bilkhawthlir 5 7 65 93 70 98 8 1152 92 1250 20 18 19

Rape&

Mustard Thingdawl 2 4 52 96 54 16 4 412 96 428 8 7.9 8

Bilkhawthlir 5 2 255 98 260 40 2 1740 98 1780 8 6.8 7.4

Table 15 : Status of Varietal Demonstration

Name of Crop

Average Area

Per

demonstration

(ha)

Present Area

under Varietal

demon. (ha)

Varietal Demonstrations in

2006-07

No. of Demos

conducted

Area covered

(ha)

AGRICULTURE

Paddy 0.5 5.0 10

Maize 0.5 10.0 20 5.0

Sugarcane 0.5 5.0 10 10.0

Total 1.5 20.0 40 5.0

One of the promising commercial crop in the district is Red Oil palm. It is generally

cultivated in areas with an altitude not exceeding 700 meters and in well drained soil with good

rainfall. It requires irrigation support during dry spells.

4.2 Agricultural Farming Systems

The agricultural practices in the region are broadly of two distinct types, viz., (i)

settled farming practised in the plains, valleys, foothills and terraced slopes and (ii) shifting

cultivation practised on the hill slopes. In the hills, agricultural operations are carried out at a

maximum elevation of 5000 m with „slash and burn‟ method.

4.3 Shifting (Jhum) Cultivation

It is a primitive mode of agriculture evolved as a reflex action under the stress of the

peculiar geophysical and ecological situations prevailing in the hills of the NE region. The system

reflects a sort of community farming without heritable rights over the land. The practice starts with

selection of forested land, clearing and burning of the forest before the onset of monsoon, planting

of various crops in an intimate mixture by dibbling and harvesting. The land is abandoned after

cultivation for a period of 2-3 years and cultivation is shifted to another site. The method of

allotment of land varies from tribe to tribe. In most cases it is decided upon by the village councils

or by village elders, and size of the plots depends on the number of working hands in respective

farm families. Consequent upon population pressure, the jhum cycle has, however, shrunk to 3-6

years or even less against, earlier practice of a cycle of 10-15 years resulting in soil degradation and

ecological imbalance. Indiscriminate destruction of forests in the jhum land, coupled with high

rainfall, has resulted in heavy soil erosion and consequent silting of rivers causing floods in the

lower reaches.

Settled Cultivation

Settled cultivation is practised in plains and valleys. Adequate precipitation ensures

availability of water for the crops grown in kharif. However, rabi crop faces water deficit, which is

met by irrigation. With increasing awareness of the disadvantages of shifting cultivation, the

farmers have started adopting settled cultivation. This is likely to result in reduction of area under

shifting cultivation.

4.4 Cropping Pattern

Food crops account for more than 80 per cent of the gross cropped area, which is

suggestive of prevalence of subsistence agriculture and lack of crop diversification. About 70 per

cent of the gross cropped area is accounted for by cereals alone. A remarkable feature of shifting

cultivation is that a wide variety of crops is grown in the jhum fields. Jhum paddy is the dominant

crop and is mixed with maize, millets, beans, tapioca, sweet potato, ginger, cotton, tobacco, chillies,

sesamum and vegetables. The production units are more or less self-contained, each family growing

crops according to its needs. Major food crops of the region are cereals and pulses which are

cultivated in 78.03 per cent of the cropped area.

4.5 Crop Intensity

The region‟s agriculture is characterised by low crop intensity (117 per cent).

Physical constraints like weak and underdeveloped irrigation network, extremely cold weather in

the higher elevations limit the crop season to summer months only. Low density of population in

the hills and sociological constraints like values and attitudes, which are not wholly conducive to

market oriented agriculture, have resulted in near stagnation in agricultural production.

Irrigation

The normal way of irrigation in the hills is by diverting small streams. In other

areas, the irrigation is provided from natural sources only during rainy months. The hydro-

geomorphology of the hilly region is such that groundwater resource cannot be easily utilised for

irrigation purpose. In such areas techniques for harvesting rainwater appears to be essential.

Fertiliser

Fertiliser consumption works out to be as low as 23 kg/ha as against the national

average of 95.6 kg/ha. The low level of fertiliser consumptions is attributable to heavy loss through

run off of rainwater during the kharif season and due to slow and limited spread of fertiliser-based

technology in the region.

Seed Seed is the most important component of agricultural production system.

Information available from different sources indicates that there are large gaps in the supply of this

vital input. The time lag in the supply of seeds frustrates the production programmes of the region.

The spread of HYV has been poor as evidenced from the fact that only 56 per cent of the rice area

has been brought under HYVs. Of the total quantity of improved seeds required by the farmers,

roughly 40 per cent is met from within the region leaving a gap of 60 per cent in its present

requirement. This gap is very likely to widen over time, as the percentage of adoption is sure to

increase in near future.

4.6 Agro-based Industries

The status of agro-based industries in the region is not very satisfactory because of

lack of development in this area. However, it has potential for growth of traditional agro based

industries like rice mills, oils mills, paper pulp unit based on bamboo, vanaspati plant etc. Despite

considerable potential for development of fruit processing industries in the region, there has not

been much progress in this area.

Foodgrains and Oilseeds

The region faces a deficit of food grains, which is met by imports from other parts of

the country. It drains the capital out of the region. This can, however, be curbed by making the

region self-sufficient in foodgrains. Non-availability of adequate quantity of quality seeds of

improved varieties and lack of use of inputs like fertiliser, weed control and disease and pests

protection are major constraints in pulses and oilseeds production.

Farm Power

Availability of farm power is a pre-requisite for timely field operations that are

essential for optimum productivity in agriculture. The farm power availability is estimated at 0.67

kW/ha Studies have revealed that under rainfed farming, seed-bed preparation and sowing,

harvesting and threshing, inter-culture, and weeding, and transport are the most energy intensive

operations. Means will have to be found to bridge the gap between availability and requirement of

power for farming operations. It experiences hot and humid weather, which poses serious problems

for post harvest handling. In humid weather, it becomes difficult to dry the agricultural produce to

safe moisture levels and this results in huge post-harvest losses.

Table 16: Oil palm production in Kolasib district

Sl

No.

Year No. of farmers growing

oil palm

No. of seedlings

distributed

Area covered (ha)

1 2005 349 88200 588.0

2 2006 182 27747 184.98

3 2007 850 139491 929.94

4 2008 1079 159002 1060.01

5 2009 1271 177119 1180.79

Total 3731 5,91,559 3943.78

Recently, under the collaborative effort with the Godrej Agrovet, the state

department of agriculture has been expanding area under the red oil palm. Activities like nursery

for seedling raising, necessary technical deliberation and marketing has been under taken with this

joint effort. Seedlings @ 150 per hectare has been distributed and planted in about 4000 ha out of

which 79 ha is under terracing (half moon terracing). Two suitable varieties of red oil palm namely,

Costarica and Thailand have been introduced.

4.7 Seed Production and Seed Village:

Seed availability is a major problem in the district. Certified seed production

programme is necessary. Foundation seeds produced from breeder seeds may be collected from

recognized institution for the purpose like state agril universities and their research stations and

ICAR centers. The Sate agricultural/seed farms need to be reorganized and revamped.

4.8 Thrust areas in Kolasib

1. Jhum intensification through advance technology for sustainable agriculture.

2. Introduction of quality seeds and planting material.

3. Introduction of High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) for field crops.

4. Popularization of rain water harvesting structures in upper ridges for life saving irrigation of

high value crops and for maintaining animal farms.

5. Popularization of Integrated fish farming and mushroom cultivation.

6. Popularization of medicinal & aromatic plants, tuber crops and edible bamboo.

7. Introduction of Azolla- fish under WRC.

8. Introduction of nursery raising techniques and protective agriculture for vegetables.

9. Implementation of INM, IPM, IDM in various field and vegetable crops.

10. Implementation of agro-forestry systems with focus on citrus, passion fruits & pineapple.

11. Integrated Farming System approach.

12. Introduction of biofertilizers viz; Rhizobium, Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Blue Green Algae

(BGA), Azolla.

13. Establishment of Agro-processing units.

14. Training and demonstration on scientific practices of Agriculture and allied sector.

15. Linkages with ICAR Institutes, Private Banks, NGOs, ATMA, Agriculture and allied

departments.

16. Strengthening the market led extension channels and credit linkages.

17. Infrastructure development.

4.9 YIELD GAP ANALYSIS:

The productivity of paddy under permanent cultivation in Kolasib district is

comparatively better than some other district of Mizoram. The reasons for the same may be

attributed to more areas under WRC with irrigation facility. But the productivity is still lower than

the national average. It might be due to more areas under rainfed cultivation, pre-dominance of

indigenous varieties, imbalance and low fertilizer use etc. Yield potential of paddy on average is 38

to 40 q/ha, whereas the present level is 20.00 q/ha for WRC (Permanent paddy crop) and lower than

10 quintals/ha in shifting cultivation area. This is slightly higher than the state average yield of 13

q/ha. The situation is similar in case of pulses and oilseeds also wherein the productivity is at least

20% lower than the national average.

Table 17: Yield Gap Analysis

Name of the

crops

Average yield (q/ha) Yield gap (%)

Reason for Gap in

yield Distric

t

State Front Line

Demonstra

tion (FLD)

with

respect

to FLD

With

respect to

state

Paddy (WRC) 20.05 13.00 34.00 (-)40% (+) 35% Non-adoption of

recommended

package of

practices in

adequate use of

HYV seeds and

other production

inputs.

Maize 20.00 20.00 25.00 (-) 20% Nil Normally grown

in rainfed

condition

Mustard 7.00 8.00 9.00 (-) 23% (-) 12% Non-use of

fertilizers and

inadequate

irrigation

Potato 65.00 ---- 180.00 (-) 75% -- Recommended

package of

practice not

adhered to

(earthing up not

properly done)

Sugarcane 90.00 90.00 100.00 (-) 10% --

4.10 PERFORMANCE GAP ANALYSIS

Table 18 Gap in Research / Extension / Adoption and Proposed Extension Strategy for

Improving the Productivity / Income from Rain fed-Paddy in the District (Transplanted)

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recomme

nded

Practice

Gap

in

Ado

pt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Propose

d

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Transpla

nt

May -

June

Local

Transplant

May -

June

SRI

-

-

Lack of

awareness

-

-

nil

-

-

Demonstration/exposu

re visit

method

of

transplan

ting

2 Varieties

Local IR 64/Pant

12/Krishn

a hamsa

Non

availabilit

y

Farmers

Personal

choice

Awareness campaigns/

demonstration.

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

50 – 60

kgs

45 -50 kgs Lack of

awareness

Nil Training and

demonstrations.

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun and

Smoke

drying

Use of

Chemicals

Unavailab

ility of

inputs/

lack of

awareness

Availabi

lity of

inputs in

time

Training/demonstratio

n/timely supply of

inputs.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil 5 tons/ha Lack of

awareness

/

unavailabi

lity of

inputs

Availabi

lity of

inputs


n/availability of inputs

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K

60:40:40

Lack of

awareness

/

unavailabi

lity of

inputs

Availabi

lity of

inputs


n/ timely supply of

inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient

Nil Use of

essential

micro

nutrients.

-do- - -do-

8 Pest

Managem

ent

Use of

cultural

methods

Use of

IPM

Lack of

awareness

Use of

pesticide

s

Introduction of IPM

9 Disease

Managem

ent.

-do- -do- -do- -do- -do-

10 Post

Harvest

Managem

ent

Tradition

al

method

Scientific

post-

harvest

technolog

y

Lack of

awareness

Nil Awareness training/

exposure visits, etc

11 Weed

Managem

ent

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technolog

y

Lack of

inputs

Supply

of inputs

Awareness training

and availability of

inputs/ exposure visit


Improving the Productivity / Income from Rain fed_Paddy in the District (Direct Sown)

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap

in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Dibbling

April

Dibbling

Dibbling

April

Dibbling

- -

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

2 Varieties

Local Local - - - -

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

25 - 30

kgs

25 – 30 kgs - - - -

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun/smoke

drying

Use of

chemicals

F Nonavailability

of inputs/ lack

of awareness

Access of

inputs in

time

Training/de

monstration

/timely

supply of

inputs.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil Nil F - - -

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K

30:20:20

F Lack of

awareness/

unavailability

of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training/de

monstration

/ timely

supply of

inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient

Nil Nil F - - -

8 Pest

Management

Use of

cultural

methods

Use of IPM P Lack of

awareness

Use of

pesticides

Introductio

n of IPM

9 Disease

Management.

-do- Use of IPM P -do- -do- -do-

10 Post Harvest

Management

Traditional

method

Scientific post-

harvest

technology

F Lack of

awareness

Nil Awareness

training/

exposure

visits, etc

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technology

F Lack of inputs Supply of

inputs

Awareness

training and

availability

of inputs/

exposure

visit


Improving the Productivity / Income from Mustard (Rabi Oilseed)

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap

in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overco

me gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Broadcasting

November –

December

Broadcasting

Broadcasting

November –

December

Broadcasting

- - - -

2 Varieties

Varuna/ M-

27/ TM-2

Varuna/ M-27/

TM-2

- - - -

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

20 - 25 kgs 10 – 15 kgs - - - -

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun/smoke

drying

Use of

chemicals

F Availability

of inputs in

time

Training/de

monstration/

timely

supply of

inputs.

Unavail

ability

of

inputs/

lack of

awarene

ss

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil 2 - 3 F -do- -do- -do-

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K

60:40:40

F Availability

of inputs

Training/de

monstration/

timely

supply of

inputs

Lack of

awarene

ss/

unavaila

bility of

inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient

Nil Use of micro

nutrient

complex

F -do- -do- -do-

8 Pest

Management

Use of

cultural

methods

Use of IPM F Lack of

awareness

Use of

pesticides

Introduc

tion of

IPM

9 Disease

Management.

-do- Use of IPM F -do- -do- -do-

10 Post Harvest

Management

Traditional

method

Scientific post-

harvest

technology

F Lack of

awareness

Nil Awaren

ess

training/

exposur

e visits,

etc

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technology

F Lack of

inputs

Supply of

inputs

Awarene

ss

training

and

availabili

ty of

inputs


Improving the Productivity / Income from Pea (Rabi Pulse)

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap

in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overco

me gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Dibbling

November –

December

Dibbling

Line sowing

November –

December

Line sowing

F

F

Lack of

awareness-

-

Lack of

awareness

Nil

-

Demons

tration

-

2 Varieties

Arkel Arkel N - - -

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

30 -35 kgs 30 – 35 kgs N - - -

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun and

Smoke

drying

Use of

Chemicals

F Unavailabil

ity of

inputs/ lack

of

awareness

Availability

of inputs in

time

Training

/demons

tration/ti

mely

supply

of

inputs.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil 4 - 5 tons/ha F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/a

vailabilit

y of

inputs

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K 20:46:0 F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/

timely

supply

of inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient

Nil Use of essential

micro nutrients.

F -do- - -do-

8 Pest

Management

Use of

cultural

methods


awareness

Use of

pesticides

Introduc

tion of

IPM

9 Disease

Management.

-do- -do- F -do- -do- -do-

10 Post Harvest

Management

Traditional

method

Scientific post-

harvest

technology

F Lack of

awareness

Nil Awaren

ess

training/

exposur

e visits,

etc

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technology

F Lack of

inputs

Supply of

iputs

Awaren

ess

training

and

availabil

ity of

inputs/

exposur

e visit


Improving the Productivity / Income from Kharif Pulse

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap

in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strateg

y to

Overco

me gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Dibbling

April – May

Dibbling

Line sowing

April – May

Line sowing

F

F

Lack of

awareness-

-

Lack of

awareness

Nil

-

Demons

tration

-

2 Varieties

Local Improve

varieties

F Lack of

awareness

- Demons

tration

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

75 kgs 75 kgs - - - -

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun and

Smoke

drying

Use of

Chemicals

F Unavailabil

ity of

inputs/ lack

of

awareness

Availability

of inputs in

time

Training

/demons

tration/ti

mely

supply

of

inputs.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil 2 - 4 tons/ha F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/a

vailabilit

y of

inputs

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K

20:60:40

F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/

timely

supply

of inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient


micro nutrients.

F -do- - -do-

8 Pest Use of Use of IPM F Lack of Use of Introduc

Management

cultural

methods

awareness pesticides tion of

IPM

9 Disease

Management.


10 Post Harvest

Management

Traditional

method

Scientific post-

harvest

technology

F Lack of

awareness

Nil Awaren

ess

training/

exposur

e visits,

etc

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technology

F Lack of

inputs

Supply of

inputs

Awaren

ess

training

and

availabil

ity of

inputs/

exposur

e visit


Improving the Productivity / income from Maize

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap

in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strateg

y to

Overco

me gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Dibbling

March -

April

Dibbling

Line sowing

March - April

Line sowing

F

F

Lack of

awareness

-

Lack of

awareness

Nil

-

Nil

Demons

tration /

awarene

ss

campaig

n

-

Demons

tration/a

warenes

s

2 Varieties

Vijay

composite/

navjot/ local

Vijat

composite/navj

oy/local

- - - -

3 Seed Rate /

ha.)

20 kgs 15 – 20 kgs P - - -

4 Seed

Treatment

Sun and

Smoke

drying

Use of

Chemicals

F Unavailabil

ity of

inputs/ lack

of

awareness

Availability

of inputs in

time

Training

/demons

tration/ti

mely

supply

of

inputs.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Nil 2 tons/ha F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/a

vailabilit

y of

inputs

6 Fertilizer

Nil N:P:K

80:40:40

F Lack of

awareness/

unavailabili

ty of inputs

Availability

of inputs

Training

/demons

tration/

timely

supply

of inputs

7 Micro

Nutrient


micro nutrients.

F -do- - -do-

8 Pest

Management

Use of

cultural

methods


awareness

Use of

pesticides

Introduc

tion of

IPM

9 Disease

Management.


10 Post Harvest

Management

Traditional

method

Scientific post-

harvest

technology

F Lack of

awareness

Nil Awaren

ess

training/

exposur

e visits,

etc

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Use of

scientific

technology

F Lack of

inputs

Supply of

inputs

Awaren

ess

training

and

availabil

ity of

inputs/

exposur

e visit

4.11 Problems and interventions

Table 24 Problems identified in Agriculture and suggested interventions

CROP: RICE

Sl.No Problems identified Existing farming

system

Suggested intervention

1. Long duration and low

yield of traditional

varieties

Rainfall, WRC and

upland rice paddy

(Jhum paddy)

1) Introduction of medium

duration and high yielding rice

variety and check with

available local variety

2. Improper seed selection

and awareness regar-

ding seed treatment,

soil treatment etc.

1. Viable seeds, pure seeds &

various method of selection for

seed purposes may be adopted.

2. Selected seeds should be

treated using various like

Dithane M-45, Captaf, foltaf,

Bavistin @ 2mg/litre of water

by wet treatment & also by dry

seed treatment .

3. Seed treatment with Bio

pesticides such as

Pseudomonas spp,

Trichoderma spp etc.

4. Seed and soil treatment with

Bio-fertilizer such as

Azotobacter/ Azospirrillum &

P.S.M.

3. Unawareness regarding

and reclamation of soils

1) For acid soils, liming is a

widely accepted amelioration

practices

2) For saline soils, application of

Gypsum is widely accepted.

3) Mulching of soils, frequent

irrigation drainage, improving

irrigation efficiency and green

manuring for soil reclamation

4 Lack of fertilizer

management and its

application

1) Creating awareness for

adoption of balance dose of

fertilizers.

2) Promotions of farmers to adopt

Bio-fertilizers like BGA &

Azolla in WRC.

3) Application of Neem cake and

introduction of Wood

Vinegar/bamboo vinegar, E.M.

vermi compost or vermi

technology and chemical

compositions

5. Infestation of various

insect pest and diseases

1) Introduction of resistant

and disease free varieties

compatible to the region.

2) Application of fungicides and

insecticides such as Bavistin to

control blast and carbofuran etc

to control root knot nematode

and stem borers

3)Application of Bio pesticides

such as Pseudomonas spp and

Trichoderma spp to control

blast, leaf blight, brown spot

etc.

4) Introduction of

Entomopathogenic fungi such

as Beaveria bassiana to control

stem borer, plant hoppers, leaf

hoppers, rice bug and hispa etc.

6. Weeds 1) Introduction of S.R.I.method

use of cono weeder for weeding

purposes

7. Traditional way of

harvesting and post

harvest

1) Introduction and promotion for

use of paddy thresher, winnower

etc.

2) Promotion of improved and

modern technology

3) Introduction of Duli structure

for storage

CROP : MAIZE

Sl.No Problems identified Existing farming system Proposed interventions

1. Low yield varieties Rainfed (Upland/Jhum) 1) Introduction and promotion of

high yielding, short-medium

duration varieties through

participatory research and

extensions.

2. Traditional method of

sowing practices

1) Demonstrations on the

importance of sowing on line

and ridges with the

recommended spacing

requirement

2) Introduction and promotion of

clean cultivation practices

3) Promotions of compatible

crops for inter cropping

3. Lack of awareness seed

dressing/treatment

1) Introduction on application of

seeds with Agrosan GN or

Ceresan dry @ 9gm/kg seed

(or other Fungicides)

2) Seeds and soil fertilizers such

as Azotobacter/ Azospirrillum

& P.S.M.

4. Lack of technical know

how on fertilizers

application and

management

1)Awareness cum Demon-

strations for adoption of balance

dose of fertilizers and time of its

applications

2) Promotions/Demonstrations to

adopt Bio fertilizers and green

manuring crops

3) Introduction and promotions

of green manure compost with

the available local resources

5 Infestations of various

insect pests & Disease

1) Awareness/Demonstration

cum training regarding

application of

insecticides/pesticides/fungicides

& identification of insect pest

and diseases

2) Introduction and promotions

of Bio pesticides &

Entomopathogenic fungi and

parasitoids such as Trichogram-

matids, Basillus Thuringiensis

(BT) etc. to control stem borers

6. Lack of knowledge and

awareness on basic farm

implements

1) Demonstration and promotion

of Maize Sheller etc.

CROP: POTATO

Sl.No Problems identified Existing farming

system

Proposed

intervention

1 Lack of availability of

quality seeds/tubers

Rainfed (Upland &

Irrigated)

1) Promotion of the

crop by using T.P.S.

technology

2) Checking the

appropriateness of

various varieties in

the district.

3) Promotion of

suitable through

F.L.D.

4) Creating awareness

for seed treatment

through chemical

and bio agents

2 Lack of technical

knowhow on planting

technique and time

1) Demonstration of

planting on ridges &

furrows with the

recommended

spacing

2) Time of planting

may be change from

Nov-Dec to Sept -

Oct & April-May to

Feb- March

( For upland

condition)

Demonstration of

cultural practices and

earthing up on suitable

time

3. Water management Introduction and

promotion of micro &

macro irrigation

technique for

maximum water use

efficiency.

4. Processing and value

addition

1) Processing of

various value

added products

may be

demonstrated i.e.

making chips,

French fry etc.

5. Storage 1) Creating awareness

and promotions of cold

storage facility in the

district.

4.12 Physical and Financial targets

Table 25 Proposed Strategies, Physical and Financial targets for Agriculture

Sl. No Proposed

Strategy

Activities Unit cost

in Rs

2010-11 2011-12

1 Enhancing seed

replacement rate

Production

incentive for

HYV paddy

seeds

- - - - -

Distribution of

certified seeds

of paddy

1500/q 100 /

45

6.75 150 /

68

1.12

Distribution of

certified pulse

seeds

4,500/q 50 /

38

1.71 50 /

38

1.71

Production

incentives for

certified pulse

seeds

- - - - -

Distribution of

certified

oilseeds

3,000/q 50 / 8 0.24 50 / 8 0.24

2

Transfer of

technology

through crop

Mixed

cropping

demonstration

5,000/h 20 1.0 20 1.00

demonstration with Maize

Mixed

cropping

demonstration

with Maize

-

Intercropping

demonstration

of Arhar based

crops

5,000/h 10 0.5 10 0.5

Intercropping

demonstration

of Maize based

crop

5,000/h 20 1.0 20 1.0

Demonstration

of oilseeds

4,000/h 50 2.00 50 2.00

Demonstration

on pulse

4,000/h 50 2.00 50 2.00

SRI method of

paddy

demonstration

7,500/h 100 7.50 150 11.25

Hybrid rice

demonstration

3,000/h 100 3.00 150 4.50

Farmers Field

School (rice,

sugarcane,

pulses,

oilseeds)

17,000 12 2.04 12 2.04

Varietals

demonstration

on pulses

5,000/h 10 0.50 10 0.50

Varietals

demonstration

on Oil seeds

5,000/h 10 0.50 10 0.50

Varietals

demonstration

on Maize

5,000/h 10 0.50 10 0.50

Promotion SRI

Village - - - - -

3

Integrated

Nutrient

Management

(FFS)

INM

demonstration

in rice

17,000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

INM

demonstration

on sugarcane

17,000/h 5 8.5 5 8.5

INM

demonstration

on Oilseed

17,000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

Supply of

micronutrients

1,000/h 100 1.00 100 1.00

Liming of acid

soils

1,000/h 1,000 10.00 1,000 10.00

4 Integrated Pest

management(FFS)

IPM

demonstrations

on rice

17,000/h 50 8.50 50 8.50

IPM

demonstrations

on Rabi

Oilseeeds

17,000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

IPM

demonstrations

on Rabi Pulse

17,000/h 50 8.50 50 8.50

IPM

demonstrations

on Kharif

Pulse

17.000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

IPM

demonstrations

on Khafir

Oilseeeds

17,000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

IPM

demonstrations

on Sugarcane

17,000/h 10 1.70 10 1.70

IPM

demonstrations

on Maize

17,000/h 50 8.50 50 8.50

Supply of

biopesticides

for rice,pulse

and Oilseeds

1,000/h 400 4.00 400 4.00

5 Promotion of

Organic Farming

Establishment

of Vermi-

hatchery at

Block Level

1,50,000 5 7.50 5 7.50

Demonstration

on compost pit

5,000 50 2.50 50 2.50

Establishment

of Vermi-

compost units

15,000 20 3.00 20 3.00

6 Farm

Mechanization

Subsidized

sale of power

tillers

56,250 40 22.50 40 22.50

Subsidy on

rotavator @

50%

25,000 10 22.50 10 22.50

Subsidised

sale of power

thresher @

50%

24,000 3 0.72 3 0.72

Subsidised

sale of post

hole digger @

50%

25,000 5 1.25 5 1.25

Subsidized

sale of bullock

5,000 10 0.5 10 0.5

drawn/manual

operated

implements @

50%

Subsidized

sale of diesel

pump sets @

50%

10,000 20 2.00 20 2.00

Subsidized

sale of

sprayers @

50%

1,600 50 0.80 50 0.80

Harrow @

50%

20,000 10 2.00 - -

Power thresher

@ 50 %

24,000 5 1.20 - -

Reaper @ 50% 80,000 3 2.40 - -

Cono Weeder

@ 50%

3,000 200 6.00 200 6.00

Zero till seed

cum Fert.Drill

@ 50%

25,000 5 1.25 - -

Potato Planter

@ 50%

30,000 5 1.50 - -

Raised Bed

Planter @ 50%

25,000 50 12.50 - -

Assistance for

boring of Tube

Wells

24,000 50 12.00 50 12.00

7 Infrastructure

Development

Establishment

of bio control

laboratory

- - - - -

Assistance for

setting up cold

storage at Sub-

Division HQ

3,00,00,000 - - 1 300.00

Construction

of Farmers

hostel and

chowkider

quarter at

Departmental

land at District

HQ

1,00,00,000 1 100.00 - -

Construction

of storage

godown at

District HQ

and Sub-

Division HQ

30,00,000 - - 1 30,00,000

8 Technology

Transfer

Training of

farmers groups

on crop

10,000 / 50

farmers/3

days

30 3.00 30 3.00

production

technology

Training of

VEWs and

other

extension

functionaries

on crop

production

technology at

District level

20,000 /

30/3 days

3 0.60 3 0.60

Exposure visit

of farmers

within the state

30,000/20

farmers

10 3.00 10 3.00

Exposure visit

of farmers

outside the

state

50,000/10

farmers

10 5.00 10 5.00

9

Support to State

Seed farm (Seed

Production Farm)

Procurement

of farm inputs

- - - - -

Machinery and

equipment

- - - - -

Development

of Farm

Infrastructure

- - - - -

10 Innovative

Programme

Block Level

Farmers meet

2,00,000 4 8.00 4 8.00

District Level

Exhibition

Show

4,00,000 1 4.00 1 4.00

Total 322.1

CHAPTER – V

ALLIED SECTOR’S STATUS AND PROPOSED PLAN

5.1 Horticulture

Most of the fruit crops and spices crops are grown under rainfed condition. The

productivity level is considerably low which need to be raised by practices like rejuvenation

programme which comprises of micro and major nutrients applications, plant protection measures,

pruning, and proper water management. From available data, the expected yield of Banana is 250

q/ha (State) and in Kolasib district 200 q/ha. The yield gap is about 25%. Similarly in case of

oranges the yield gap is 20 % in comparison to national average. In case of vegetables also the

productivity is quite low which is about 30% to the national average.

Mizoram with its geographical area of 21,081km. is predominantly a hilly state with

varying altitudes, enjoys a splendid blend of climatic conditions of tropical, sub-tropical and

temperate zones. This coupled with high mean annual precipitation of 2,500 mm, high relative

humidity upto 90% has made the state conducive for the growth and production of crops under rain

fed conditions. The soils are loamy to clay with high organic carbon content. With all these

advantages the state has enormous scope for cultivation of a wide range of horticultural crops.

Scope of growing Horticulture crop: The land which cannot be used for cultivation of cereal crops

can be profitably utilized for development of horticulture crops for generating economy to the

growers and the state as a whole. Besides, it will offer avenues in creating employment

opportunities to rural unemployed population.

Endowed with diverse climate, offers ideal agro climatic conditions for cultivation

of a wide variety of tropical and temperate fruits in its hills and valleys. The dominant horticultural

crops include pineapple, citrus, banana and areca nut.

5.1.1 POTENTIAL HORTICULTURAL CROPS

The State of Mizoram with its ideal agro-climatic conditions is suitable for

cultivation of fruits, vegetables, spices, plantation crops, medicinal and aromatic plants and

flowering plants. It goes without saying that, there exist tremendous scope aimed potentialities for

growing of all these crops. In fact, few crops have already attained commercial importance in the

State. Despite poor management, these are yielding some economic benefit to the growers. The

fruit crops like mandarin orange, hatkora, banana, passion fruit, grape, some vegetable crops like

beans, potato, cole crops, squash etc. spices like ginger, bird‟s eye chillies, turmeric etc. are highly

popular and have good economic bearing. The present area under various horticulture crops namely

fruits, vegetables, spices and condiments Including plantation crops has been reported to be 45,015

ha. This is only 7.13% of the estimated potential area of 6.31 lakh ha. available for the development

of horticulture. This show that the growth of horticulture crops in the State during the earlier plan

period has been quite slow despite enormous scope. The present Scheme for development of

Horticulture in Mizoram envisages multifaceted dimensions with the basic strategies for the

exploitation of the conducive agroclimatic conditions by growing horticulture crops suitable under

different conditions, expansion of area under various crops with appropriate growth rate for

utilisation of maximum land resource, appropriate use of suitable production technologies, gainful

utilisation of man power augmentation of productivity level, generation of higher income to

growers and augmentation of marketable surplus to cater the need of the State and outside market

etc. The scheme also aims at providing good quality planting materials to the farmers,

popularizations of organic farming, Agri/ Horti. tools and implements, and strengthening of

infrastructure.

AREA EXPANSION :

To encourage the farmers by way of ensuing family and adequate supply of inputs

and other technical assistance. Emphasis has to be given on cultivation of fruits like mandarin

orange, passion fruit, Banana, Pineapple, Papaya and Kiwi. The strategy to be adopted for

development of horticulture under the expansion programme would be confined to compact area

with communication facilities. This will ensure better supervision and extension services, easy

transportation of inputs to production areas as well as marketing of the produce. In such areas, high

value crops with longer shelf life will be grown to extend economic gain to the growers.

Adoption of “Integrated Approach” in various crops has to be taken up for advanced

and important solution for boosting up the productivity of different crops. Due to dry spell period

during February-May in the district, well developed irrigation system is required. Installation of

drip irrigation system in orchards would ensure optimum availability of water to crops throughout

the year. Drip irrigation should also be supplemented with water tanks such as community water

tank available near the orchard. For vegetable and floriculture crops, sprinkler irrigation is the best

option for supplementing rain water especially during dry spell.

FRUITS

Fruit crops such as oranges, banana, pineapple, passion fruit, etc. which have been

growing satisfactorily in the State despite poor management practices have been given topmost

priority. The land which cannot be used for cultivation of cereal crops can be profitably utilized for

fruits thereby generating income to the growers and the state as a whole. The State with its ideal

agro-climatic conditions is highly suitable for cultivation of all kinds of fruits ranging from tropical

to temperate fruits. As such, it goes without saying that there exist tremendous scope and

potentialities for growing of all these crops. Infact few crops already have attained commercial

importance in the State despite poor management and these are yielding some economic benefit to

the growers. The fruit crops like mandarin orange, banana, passion fruit, pineapple etc. are highly

popular and have good economic bearing. Details of Division wise break-up is given at Annexure -

The Department proposed to integrated various components under Technology Mission like

Community Water Tank, Tube wells, Drip Irrigation, Training of Farmers etc. so that the farmers

gets the maximum benefits to increase the production of crop as a whole.

Mandarin Orange An area of 500 Ha. has been covered under Technology Mission, The coverage has

to be enlarged. Since satisfactory results are seen and also, the farmers are taking keen interest in

taking up the scheme.

Banana

Since banana is performing very well in the state, better quality varieties like „Grand

Naine‟ and „Tall cavendish‟ is being introduced for commercial cultivation. Since „Grand Naine‟ is

an export variety, it is being introduced for export purpose.

Passion fruit

This particular fruit has short gestation period but gives good economic bearing.

Therefore, many farmers prefer this crop.

Papaya

The agro-climatic condition of the state is suitable for production of Papaya. An

export oriented variety of papaya i.e. „Hawaiian Solo‟ is being introduced for commercial

production.

VEGETABLES

The State is far from being self-sufficient in vegetable production even for local

consumption especially during rabi season. Major thrust on off-season vegetables has been given to

reap better economic benefit besides catering the needs of the State. Growing of Horticulture crops

other than vegetables is long gestation programme where no return is gained in the initial year.

Further, in the earlier years of plantation lots of interspaces are left out as such without any use by

the plants. These interspaces can be gainfully utilized through cultivation of vegetable crops to

generate additional income to the growers to sustain the cost of management practices of the long

gestation fruit crops besides getting some additional income. This will also ensure optimum

utilization of land realizing maximum productivity per unit area.

Chow-Chow Since Chow - Chow shows good potential and has high productivity under Mizoram

conditions, it can be encouraged

Cabbage (off - season) Since the state is far from being self sufficient in vegetables especially during rainy

season, cultivation of off-season crops is a good option. The crop has given good economic return

to the farmers. The state is far from being self sufficient in vegetables especially during rainy

season, ,

Tomato Tomato cultivated under green house aids in production of better quality off-sea son

crops. The green house grown tomato gives better and more yield.

Capsicum Cultivation of capsicum under Green House enables production of off-season crop.

Off season crops yields better economic return.

SPICES

Emphasis has to be given for spices crops of high cost low volume like bird‟s eye

chillies, black pepper, etc. which will extend economic gain to the growers. This is due to

inadequate road network in many of the potential areas. Besides, major thrust have to give on ,

turmeric, as this crops has already given proved performance under the existing level of

management. It is proposed to cover new areas of 300 Ha. under this expansion programme.

Besides, like incentive organic farming, on farm handling etc. to give farmers, the maximum

benefits to increase the production.

Turmeric This is one of the most widely used spice of the state. It grows very well even

without proper management. Therefore, the area under this crop is to be extended in order to meet

the local demand as well as for export.

Bird’s eye Chilli Mostly, this crop is marketed in dried form. Hence, it is non-bulky and has long

keeping quality making it easy to transport. The state has high productivity and since transportation

problem does not arise for this crop. The spices crops will be grown in various parts of the State

depending upon their suitability.

FLOWERS

The mild climate of the hills in the district has the unique advantage of growing

almost all types of flowers round the year. Flowers like rose, anthurium, B.O.P etc. can be grown

successfully round the year. Regarding marketing of cut flowers, there may not be much hurdles in

its disposal as the state is well connected by air with Kolkata etc. However, improved packaging

and quality of flowers will be an important factor. It may be mentioned here that to compete with

export market, the plants shall have to be raised under controlled condition so as to maintain the

desired quality of the products. Bringing more area under cultivation of flowers like Anthurium,

Bird of Paradise (BOP), Rose etc. by way of distributing quality/planting materials to the growers

is advisable.

Besides integrating various components like community water tank, tube-wells, shade nets,

greenhouse, training etc. so that the farmers gets the maximum benefit to increase the production.

Anthurium

World class varieties of this flower was introduced in the state with a view to export

it. It has shown excellent performance when grown under shade house. It is proposed to cover so as

to increase surplus production for sale outside the state. Since it is a moisture loving crop, provision

of sprinkler/drip irrigation system would enhance production and quality of flowers. Old plantation

requires maintenance in order to maintain he quality and productivity.

Bird of paradise Due to its long shelf life, this flower is encouraging for export. The crop has shown

good performance and therefore, expansion of area will yield good results This flower in

combination with Anthurium flower will have advantage in packing, considering weight and

volume.

Rose

There is always a demand for rose in the market. However, for year- round

production, cultivation under greenhouse is recommended.

5.1.2 Strategies for Development of Horticulture Sector:

The district has sufficient in fruit production specially higher producer of

passion fruit, grapes and citrus among the fruits. In case of vegetables, approximately 80 % of

production and 60 % area comes under a single crop i.e. Ginger and the district are dependent on

import of other vegetables from external sources.

The present vision document emphasis on certain approaches/strategies to

fulfill the gap of other vegetables and fruits as well as opening the new horizons of market for

export, are as follows :-

Expansion of area 20 % form base year under fruit cultivation.

Expansion of area 15 % for other vegetables except ginger.

Production of off season vegetables.

Increase in productivity.

Basic steps to make the district self sufficient and increase in export potential.

Production of disease free quality planting materials for different horticultural crops.

Identification and promotion of location specific high yielding varieties.

Rejuvenation of old orchard and high density planting.

Scientific orchard management and laying out.

Application of balance fertilizer doses.

Introduction of micro irrigation (drip irrigation) for fruit crops.

Application of the principles of IPM, IPNM.

Introduction and promotion of hybrids specially for vegetables.

Production of off season vegetables through green houses and poly houses.

Linkage with global market for organic certified products e.g. ginger, bird eye chili

and passion fruit etc.

Post harvest management, processing and value addition of horticultural products

Introducing New technology like tissue culture and propagation.

Strengthening sound research and extension policy and planning for district.

Table 26. Gap in Research / Extension / Adoption and Proposed Extension Strategy for

Improving the Productivity / Income from Tomato

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strate

gy to

Overc

ome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Direct

sowing

October-

November

Raising in

Nursery,

transplant &

cultivate in

Greenhouse.

Hesitate

to adopt

new

technique

Lack of

awareness,

infrastructure

facility

Assistance of

infrastructure

by the

Government.

Motiva

tion &

trainin

g

2 Varieties

Local &

open

pollinated

variety

Certified and

Hybrid variety

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt.

Provid

e

recom

mende

d seed

free of

cost

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

100-

200g/Ha

450-500g/Ha Ignorance

of farmer

Unwillingness

to adopt

Impart

training by

Govt official

To

conduc

t

trainin

g.

4 Seed

Treatment

No seed

treatment

given

Treat seed with

Bavistin

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

5 Organic

Manure

5-10

ton/Ha

15-20 ton/Ha Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Provid

e to

(tons / ha) Govt farmer

free of

cost

6 Fertilizer

Not

applied

60:80:120 kg

NPK/Ha

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

To

make

provisi

on

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

applied

Multiplex for

vegetable

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt.

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

8 Pest

Management

Tobacco

decoction

IPM Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt.

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

9 Disease

Management

Not

usually

applied

IPM Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt.

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

10 Post Harvest

Management

Hand

picked

and

directly

sold in

market

Early picking

and packing in

parcel

Ignorance

of farmer

Unwillingness

to adopt

Impart

training by

Govt. official

To

conduc

t

trainin

g.

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

& weedicides

Ignorance

of farmer

Unwillingness

to adopt

Impart

training by

Govt. official

To

conduc

t

trainig.


Improving the Productivity / Income from Potato

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strate

gy to

Overc

ome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Direct

sowing,

Sept, Oct,

for Rabi

& Jan. –

Feb. for

Kharif

Direct sowing,

Sept., Oct. for

Rabi & Jan. –

Feb. for Kharif

Not

available

NA NA NA

2 Varieties Kufrijyoti Kufrijyoti,

Kufri Megha

Lack of

knowledg

e

Lack of

knowledge

Assistance

from Govt.

Provisi

on at

free of

cost

3 Seed Rate 10-12 20 – 25 Qtls

(per ha.) Qtls / Ha

4 Seed

Treatment

NIL Treat with

Mancozeb

Lack of

knowledg

e

Lack of

knowledge

Assistance

from Govt

Provisi

on at

free of

cost

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

5-6 qtls /

Ha

10 – 20 Qtls Lack of

facility

Financial

problem

Assistance

from Govt

Provisi

on at

free of

cost

6 Fertilizer Not

applied

20: 25 : 20

NPK

Lack of

facility

Financial

problem

Assistance

from Govt

Provisi

on at

free of

cost

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

applied

Multiplex for

vegetable

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

8 Pest

Management

Not

applied

IPM Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

9 Disease

Management

.

Not

applied

IPM Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

Provid

e to

farmer

free of

cost

10 Post Harvest

Management

Harvested

& directly

sold to

Market

Surface dried,

kept in shade

for 10-15 days

and graded

Lack of

knowledg

e

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

training

Aware

ness

trainin

g Govt.

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

& weedicides

Lack of

knowledg

e

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

training

Aware

ness

trainin

g Govt.

B. Spices


Improving the Productivity / Income from Rhizomatous

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Sown by

dibbling

in March

– May

To be sown by

dibbling in

terrace during

March – May

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

NA Awareness

campaign

2 Varieties

Local

Variety

Local and

Improved

Lack of

facility

Lack of

facility

NA Provision

from

Govt.

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

8-10 Qtls

/ Ha

12-15 Qtls Financial

constraint

Financial

constraint

NA Assistance

from

Govt.

4 Seed

Treatment

No

treatment

giving

Treatment with

Ceresan or

Agallol

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Provision

from the

Govt.

Assistance

from

Govt.

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Not

applied

25-30 ton / Ha Financial

constraint

Financial

constraint

NA Assistance

from

Govt.

6 Fertilizer

Not

applied

75:50:50

Kg/Ha

Financial

constraint

Financial

constraint

NA Assistance

from

Govt.

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

applied

Multiplex for

vegetable

Lack of

facility

Financial

constraint

Provision

from the

Govt

Provide to

farmer

free of

cost

8 Pest

Management

No

treatment

usually

given.

IPM Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Provision

from the

Govt.

Assistance

from

Govt.

9 Disease

Management.

No

treatment

usually

given.

IPM Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Provision

from the

Govt.

Assistance

from

Govt.

10 Post Harvest

Management

Clean

and

packed

in Gunny

bag

To be wash and

sun dried for

one day for

green ginger.

Removal of

outer skin with

split bamboo

for dry ginger

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

& mulching

with green

leaves

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign


Improving the Productivity / Income from Chilli

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Sown by

broadcasting

during

March -

April

Broadcasting

and

transplanting

during March –

April &

cultivation in

Greenhouse

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

2 Varieties Local Local & Financial Financial Govt. Govt.

improved

variety

problem problem Assistance Assistance

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

5 Kg / Ha 5 Kg/Ha for

broadcasting &

2 Kg /Ha for

transplanted

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

4 Seed

Treatment

Not treated Seed treatment

with chemical

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Usually not

applied

25 – 30 ton /

Ha before

transplanting

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

6 Fertilizer

Usually not

applied

100:50:50 NPK

/ Ha

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

7 Micro

Nutrient

Usually not

applied

Multiplex Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

8 Pest

Management

Usually not

applied

IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

9 Disease

Management.

Usually not

applied

IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

10 Post Harvest

Management

Sun drying Dipping fresh

chilli in Dipsol

for 5 minutes

and dry on

racks with

multitier wire

net trays.

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

& weedicide

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance


Improving the Productivity / Income from Pineapple

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Planted in

March –

April

Adoption of

high density

planting

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

2 Varieties

Queen Giant Kew &

Queen

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

10000 /

Ha

15000 / Ha Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

4 Seed

Treatment

Not

treatment

giving

NA NA NA NA NA

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Not

usually

applied

20 / Ha Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

6 Fertilizer

Not

usually

applied

12 grm / plan

of N & K & 4

grm / plan of P

in two split

doses

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

usually

applied

Multiplex Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

8 Pest

Management

Not

usually

applied

IPM Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

9 Disease

Management.

Not

usually

applied

IPM Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

10 Post Harvest

Management

Harvested

and

directly

sold in

market

Application of

plant growth

regulator to

alter fruit size

and maturity

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

& Diuron as

pre emergent

spray

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Not

available

Awareness

campaign

Table 31. Gap in Research income from Banana

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Planting

of Sucker

in March

– April

Planting of

Sword sucker

of 2-3 Kg in

March & April

Ignorance

of

farmers

Ignorance

of

farmers

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

2 Varieties

Tall and

Dwarf

Cavendish

Tall Cavendish,

Grand naine

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

800

Sucker /

Ha

1000 Sucker /

Ha

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

4 Seed

Treatment

No seed

treatment

given

Not available Not

available

Not

available

Not

available

Not

available

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Not

usually

applied

120 Kg / Ha Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

6 Fertilizer

Not

usually

applied

100:50:100 Kg

/ Ha

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

usually

Multiplex for

fruit

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Assistance

from Govt.

applied Govt.

8 Pest

Management

Hand

picking

IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

9 Disease

Management

Usually

not

applied

IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

10 Post Harvest

Management

Harvested

and

ripened in

box

Application of

ethylene in

ripening room

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding

and application

of Glycel

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Assistance

from

Govt.

Assistance

from Govt.


Improving the Productivity / Income from Passion Fruit

Sl.

No

Items of

Package

Existing

practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap in

Adopt

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overcome

gap

1 Sowing

Time

Method

Planting

of

seedling

in June &

July

Planting of

seedling and

grafted in June

& July

Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

2 Varieties

Purple &

Yellow

Variety

Purple, Yellow

& Kaveri

(Purple x

Yellow)

Farmers

ignorance

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

3 Seed Rate

(per ha.)

400 / Ha 600 / Ha Lack of

knowledge

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

4 Seed

Treatment

Not

usually

applied

Bavistin for

seed treatment

Farmers

ignorance

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

5 Organic

Manure

(tons / ha)

Not

usually

applied

10 qtls / Ha Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

6 Fertilizer

Not

usually

applied

100:50:100

NPK / Vine /

Year

Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

7 Micro

Nutrient

Not

usually

applied

Multiplex Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

8 Pest

Management

Hand

packing

IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

9 Disease

Management.

Roguing IPM Financial

problem

Financial

problem

Govt.

Assistance

Govt.

Assistance

10 Post Harvest

Management

Hand

packing

&

processed

in to

squash

Processed in to

nectar, squash

and

concentrated

Juice

Farmers

ignorance

Lack of

knowledge

Awareness

campaign

Awareness

campaign

11 Weed

Management

Hand

weeding

Hand weeding NA NA NA NA

Table 33 Proposed Strategy for Horticultural Development

Proposed

Strategy

Activities Unit

Cost in

Rs. In

Lakh

2010-11 2011-12

Phy Fin Phy Fin

Fruit

Development

M. Orange 0.225

/Ha

60 13.50 65 14.62

5

28.12

5

Banana 0.151 /

Ha

40 6.00 45 6.75 12.75

Papaya 0.151 /

Ha

40 6.00 45 6.75 12.75

Pineapple 0.15 / Ha 45 6.75 45 6.75 12.75

Citrus Rejuvenation 0.15 / Ha 80 12.00 85 12.75 24.75

Overhead charge 3.19 3.47 6.66

Grape 0.15 / Ha 40 6.00 45 6.75 12.75

Avocado 0.15 / Ha 40 6.00 45 6.75 12.75

Mango 0.15 / Ha 50 7.50 55 8.25 15.75

TOTAL 395 66.94 430 72.84 139.7

8

Vegetable

Development

Chayote (Squash) 0.13 / Ha 40 5.20 40 5.20 10.40

Cabbage 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 13.65

Tomato 0.13 / Ha 45 5.85 45 5.85 11.70

Broccoli 0.13 / Ha 40 5.20 50 6.50 10.40

Bhindi 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 13.65

Bitter gourd 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 13.65

Brinjal 0.13 / Ha 60 7.80 65 8.45 16.25

Carrot 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 13.65

TOTAL 385 50.05 420 54.60 104.6

5

Plantation

Crop

Development

Coconut 0.20/Ha 50 10.00 60 12.00 22.00

Areca nut 0.15/Ha 60 9.00 70 10.50 19.50

TOTAL 110 19.00 130 22.50 41.50

Spices

Development

a) Bird‟s Eye Chillies 0.13/Ha 60 7.80 65 8.45 16.25

b) Turmeric 0.13/Ha 70 9.10 75 9.75 18.85

c) Ginger 0.13/Ha 80 10.40 90 11.70 22.10

TOTAL 210 27.30 230 29.90 57.20

Promotion of

Nursery

Model Nursery in Public

Sector

20.00/no 4 80.00 4 18.00 98.00

Model Nursery in Private

Sector

10.00 /no 15 150.0

0

10 100.0

0

250.0

0

Small Nursery in Private 5.00 / no 20 100.0 20 100.0 200.0

Sector (No) 0

Establishmen

t of New

Garden

Banana (ha) Sucker

1st Year Maintained of

Banana

Floriculture Rose – (Small & Marginal

farmer (Ha) )

2.00 /

unit

30 60.00 35 70.10 130.1

0

Incentives to Floriculture

Garden (No)

0.50 /

unit

30 15.00 35 17.50 32.50

Seed

Infrastructure

Vegetable seed Production 10.00/uni

t

2 20.00 2 20.00 40.00

Integrated

Nutrient

Management

/ Integrated

Pest

Management

A. Fruits

IPM on Banana cultivation

0.0.25

200

5.00

300

7.50

12.50

INM on Pineapple 0.05 250 12.50 250 12.50 25.00

INM on

Yongchak

0.10 150 15.00 150 15.00 30.00

INM on Passion Fruits 0.10 300 30.00 350 35.00 65.00

IPM on Lime / Lemon 0.025 250 6.25 300 75.00 81.25

B. Vegetables Kharif

IPM on French Bean 0.025 200 5.00 250 6.25 11.25

INM on Bhindi 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 22.50

INM on Brinjal 0.05 150 7.50 200 10.00 17.50

IPM on Cucurbit 0.025 300 7.50 350 8.75 16.25

INM on Ginger / Turmeric 0.10 450 45.60 500 50.00 95.60

INM on Chillies 0.05 500 25.00 600 30.00 55.00

C. Vegetables Rabi

IPM on Pea 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 22.50

IPM on Cabbage 0.05 300 15.00 350 17.50 32.50

INM on Cauliflower 0.05 100 5.00 120 6.00 11.00

INM on Potato 0.10 150 15.00 150 15.00 30.00

INM on Radish 0.05 150 7.50 200 10.00 17.50

INM on Knolkhol 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 22.50

INM on Tomato 0.05 150 7.50 150 7.50 15.00

Protected

Cultivation

Green House (SF & MF) 0.25/no 40 10.00 50 12.50 22.50

Green House (Other

farmer)(Hi Tech)

10.00/no 10 100.0

0

15 150.0

0

250.0

0

Shade net Sq m 0.00020 7000

0

14.00 8000

0

16.00 30.00

Mulching (Ha) 0.08/Ha 70 5.60 80 6.40 12.00

Promotion

and

Popularizatio

n of Organic

farming

Construction of compost pit 0.10/no 250 25.00 300 30.00 55.00

Establishment of Vermi-

Composts units-Big (No)

2.50/unit 30 75.00 35 87.50 162.5

0


Compost units-Big (no)

Demonstration of Organic

Farming

0.25/no 20 5.00 25 6.25 11.25

Popularizatio

n on of

Demonstration on use of

Rich Reuter “AA”

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 13.00

organic

Fertilizers

Rich Field Fertilizer

(13:40:13)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 13.00


(19:19:19)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 13.00


(13:0:0)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 13.00

Watershed Watershed Development 50.00/no 5 250.0

0

6 300.0

0

550.0

0

Human

Resource

Development

Training of VEWs and other

extension functionaries on

crop production technology

at District Level.

0.25/no 6 1.50 8 2.00 3.50

Exposure visit outside the

State on IPM / INM,

Plantation, Plant Health

Management

1.50/no 5 7.50 5 7.50 15.00

Exposure visit inside the

state

1.00/no 6 6.00 6 6.00 12.00

Training of Entrepreneurs 0.25/no 7 1.75 8 2.00 3.75

Exposure Visits of Farmers

inside the State

1.00/no 5 5.00 5 5.00 10.00

Creation of

Water

Resources

Construction of community

Tanks

2.00/no 70 140.0 80 160.0 300.0

0

Farm

Mechanizatio

n

Subsidized sale of power

tillers

1.00/no 15 15.00 20 20.00 35.00

Subsidized sale of pump sets

@ 50%

0.25/no 20 5.00 30 7.50 12.50

Subsidized sale of sprayers

@ 50 %

0.075/no 200 15.00 250 18.75 33.75

Post harvest

Infrastructure

Development

Assistance for setting up

cold storages at Block Level

20.00/uni

t

4 80.00 80.00

Construction of storage of

godown at Block

Headquarters

5.00/no 5 25.00 5 25.00 50.00

Establishmen

t of

Marketing

Infrastructure

Functional Infrastructure for

Collection & grading (no)

5.00/no 5 25.00 5 25.00 50.00

Technology

transfer

Training of farmer groups

on crop production

technology

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 2.50

Training of farmers on the

use of Organic Fertilizers

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 2.50

Training of farmers on INM 0.25/no 6 1.50 6 1.50 3.00

Training of Farmers on IPM 0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 2.50

Training of Farmers on Post

Harvest Technology on

important horticultural

crops

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 2.50

Exposure visit of farmers

within the state

0.50/no 3 1.50 3 1.50 3.00


outside the state

1.50/no 3 4.50 3 4.50 9.00

Conducting field trials in

new crop varieties / new

practices

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 2.50

Innovative Low Cost Potato Storage 10.00/no 5 50.00 5 50.00 10.00

Programme Structure

District Level Show 2.00/no 2 4.00 2 4.00 8.00

Project Area

Connectivity

Horticulture Link Road 3.00/Km 15 45.00 15 45.00 90.00

Capacity

Building

(a) Training of Trainers

at(Research institution)

1.00/no 4 4.00 4 4.00 8.00

(b) Awareness

Campaign/Seminar/Worksh

op etc.

5.00 5.00 10.00

Infrastructure Technical Support 4.50 4.50 9.00

Mushroom

Development

Unit

Spawn Production 20.00/uni

t

1 20.00

20.00

Model

Horticulture

Centre

Lunglei

Research & Development in

Horticulture Crops

50.00/no 1 50.00 1 50.00 100.0

0

5.2 ANIMAL HUSBANDRY STATUS AND SUGGESTED

INTERVENTIONS

The state is dominated by tribal people known as the Mizos. Majority of the people

opt for livestock rearing as it offers economic, food and social security. Livestock provide direct

and indirect employment to the people of this region. Livestock production as a full time activity

is very common in this region. Almost each and every household owns animals like cattle,

pig or poultry.

Coupled with the fact that the local population are mainly non vegetarian by habit,

the state is taking all the necessary steps to improve the production of egg, meat and milk by

introducing improved animal husbandry methods. Due to geographical constraints, large sized

farms are not quite feasible in Mizoram; therefore, participation of the masses in livestock

farming is being encouraged.

The population of cross bred cattle has increased by 16.60 % while the population

of indigenous cattle has also increased by 3.88 % during the interval between the 16th

and the

17th

census. The buffalo and goat population have increased by 6.84 % and 5.88 % respectively.

Mithun population has increased by 33.00 % and pig population by 33.09 %. Pig is the most

popular livestock in Mizoram and shows the highest percentage of growth in its population. The

cross bred population make up for 90 % of the total population while the indigenous pig accounts

for only 10 % of the total population. There is a 44.0% decrease in the indigenous population of

pigs which may be seen as a positive step in terms of meat production. Poultry population has

increased by 55.42 % while the desi type has decreased by 28.02 %. Duck and rabbit

population has decreased by 39.15 % and 38.85 % respectively during the period between the

16th

and 17th

census.

Table 34: Kolasib Livestock Population: District wise

(As per 17th

Quinquennial Livestock Census-2003)

Sl

No.

Species Numbers

1. Cattle:

1.Cross bred

2.Indigenous

1240

4720

2. Buffaloes: 9

3. Mithun

4. Sheep 13

5 Goats 3039

6. Mules

7. Pigs:

1.Crossbred.

2.Indigenous.

20774

2763

8. Horse &Ponies 12

9. Dogs. 2249

10. Rabbits 81

11. Fowls:

1.Improved

2.Desi

13920

67591

12. Duck 4673

13. Turkey 25

14. Others 10

5.2.1 Cattle Production

The farmers in Lunglei district rear cattle for ploughing, milk and manure and the

unproductive animals are sold for meat purpose. There is a saying that milk is not much relished

by the tribal people but owing to the increase in literacy rate peoples concern over balanced

nutrition, milk and milk products is gaining popularity amongst the tribal communities. There is

a bright scope of cattle rearing within the district and the state as a whole. The total number of

crossbred and indigenous cattle population in the district is 183 and 2360 respectively (As per

18th census

, 2007). Majority of the cattle population are indigenous non-descript type. The

indigenous bullocks are short, sturdy and suitable for ploughing. The cows are smaller in

size, usually kept to produce offspring and produce very less milk. There is no scientific

document to justify their low productivity or reproduction capability.

The state AH & Veterinary department, Govt of Mizoram has initiated

crossbreeding programmes (exotic germplasm of Jersey & H.F) under various centrally sponsored

cattle development programmes. As compared to the rural areas, the population of crossbred cattle

are more in the urban areas which indicate the need for strengthening A.I services or natural

service through crossbred bulls in the rural areas.

5.2.2. Rearing System

A. Free range or open grazing system: The indigenous non-descript cattle are reared under this

system. In this system, the cattle are kept loose in the open fields, road side, reserve forest and river

banks for grazing without any attendants. They are brought back home in the evening and are tied

in the locally made cattle shed.

Table 35. Research / Extension / adoption Gap and Proposed Strategies for Improving the

Productivity / Income from Cow

Sl

N

o

Items of

package

Existing

practice

Recommende

d practice

Ga

p

Specific

Reasons

for Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy

to

Overcome

gap

1 Breed Jersey Jersey Crossed No

Gap - - -

2 Feed

managemen

t

Intensiv

e

Intensive - - - -

Green

Fodder (Kg

/ day)

30-40 30-40 - - - -

Dry Fodder

(Kg / day)

0 10 Gap Lack of

awareness

Non-

availability

Creating

awarenes/procur

e and distribute

Training

Procure &

distribute

Concentrate

(gms / day)

2.5 4 Gap Not

affordable

Subsidi

sation

Subsidi

sation

Vitamins

(ml / day)

3 Inter

Calving

Period

(months)

12

months

11 months Gap Malnutritio

n

Good Manage

ment

Awareness

,

Training,

campaign

4 Health Care - - - - - -

No of

Vaccination

- - - - - -

HSBQ - - - - - -

FMD 2 times 2 times - - - -

5 General

Managemen

t

- - - - - -

Housing (

Pucca /

Kutcha)

Kutcha Pucca Gap Non-

affordable

Awareness Bank Loan

Drinking

Water (lit /

day)

20-30 30 Gap - - -

6 Average

Milk Yield

(lit./day)

10-15 15-20 Gap Malnutritio

n

Awareness Campaign


Productivity / Income from Goat

Sl.

N

o

Items of

package

Existin

g

practice

Recommende

d practice

Ga

p

Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome

gap

1 Breed Desi Desi

2 Feed

managemen

t

Free

range

Free range - - - -

Green

Fodder (Kg

/ day)

Ad lib Ad lib - - - -

Dry Fodder

(Kg / day)

Nil - - - - -

Concentrate

(gms / day)

0.2 kg 0.5 kg Gap Unaffordabl

e

Subsidizatio

n

Subsidizatio

n

Minerals

(gm/day)

Nil 100 g Gap Unaffordabl

e

Subsidizatio

n

Subsidizatio

n

Vitamins

(ml / day)

Nil 30 ml Gap Unaffordabl

e

Unaffordable Subsidizatio

n

3 Inter

Calving

Period

(months)

200 180 days Gap Malnutrition Good

management

awareness

Awareness

campaign

4 Health Care

No of

Vaccination

HSBQ

FMD 2 2 - - - -


Productivity / Income from Pig

Sl.

No

Items of

package

Existing

practice

Recommended

practice

Gap Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome

Gap

1 Breed Cross Hampshire Gap Non-

availability

Awareness Campaign

2 Feed

management

Intensive

Free

Range

Intensive

Semi Intensive

Gap For hygienic

measure

Subsidization Subsidization

Green

Fodder (Kg /

day)

0.5 Kg 0.5 Kg

Concentrate

(gms / day)

(i) 0-56

days (piglet)

0.1 0.25 Gap Unaffordable Subsidization Subsidization

(ii) 56-180

days

(Grower)

0.5 0.5-1 Gap Unaffordable Subsidization Subsidization

(iii) Fatten 1.5 2 – 3 - -do- -do- -do-

(iv)

Breeding

2 3 – 4 - -do- -do- -do-

3 Inter

Farrowing

period

(months)

180-

200/days

170-180days Gap Lack of

awareness

Creating

awareness

Training

4 Health Care

(No of

Vaccination)

(i) FMD - 1 Gap Fund

constrain

Procure &

distribute

(ii) Swine

fever

1 1 - - -

(iii) Piglet

Anaemia

2 2 - - -

5 General

Management

Washing

(times / day)

1/week 1/day Gap Lack of

awareness

Create

awareness

Create

awareness

Cleaning

(times / day)

2/day 2/day - - - -

Housing (

Pucca /

Kutcha)

Semi-

pucca

Pucca Gap Non-

affordable


Drinking

Water (lit /

day)

Lit/day 2 lit/day Gap Non-

affordable - -


Productivity / Income from Poultry

Items of

Package

Existing

Practice

Recommended

Practice

Gap Specific

Reasons for

Gap

Farmers

Proposed

Strategy

Strategy to

Overcome

Gap

Breed Kuroiler/Desi WHL/RIR Gap Non-

availability

due to lack

of funds


Feed

management

Intensive/free

range

Intensive/semi-

intensive

Gap For hygienic

measures

Create

awareness

Create

awareness

Commulative

concentrate

(gms/bird)

(i) 0-7 Days 10 gms 10 gms

(ii) 20-28

Days

10 gms 20-30 gms Gap Unaffordable

due to lack

of funds


(iii) 35-42

Days

20 gms 40-50 gms Gap -do- -do- -do-

Vitamins 0.1ml 0.2 ml Gap -do- -do- -do-

(ml/day) For

all ages

RD F1 1 1 - - - -

General

Management

Housing

(Pucca /

Kutcha)

Kutcha Pukka Gap Unaffordable Subsidization Subsidization

Drinking

Water (lit /

day/ 100

Birds)

(i) 0-7 Days 3 ltrs 3 ltrs

(ii) 20-28

Days

10 ltrs 10 ltrs

(iii) 35-42

Days

14 ltrs 14 ltrs

5.2.3 Physical and financial Requirement

Table 39 Physical and financial Requirement for the Suggested Interventions for Animal

Husbandry Sectoral Development

Interventions Unit

cost Rs.

(In

lakhs)

2010-11 2011-12 Total

Phy Fin Phy Fin

Animal Health

i) Distribution of Vety. Aid Kits 0.01 1000 10 1100 11 22

ii) Cosnt. Of vety. Disp. 10 2 20 1 10 30

Cattle and Buffalo Dev.

Milk cow induction cow/heifer

expected give 10 lit. of milk per day

.7 100 70 120 84 154

Piggery development

Distribution of 5 piglets (4female +1

male) of age group 3-4 month.

.5 150 75 200 100 175

Poultry Development

Backyard Poultry scheme Distribution

of 40 grown up low input technology

birds

.4 100 40 120 48 88

Construction of Chick rearing unit with

procurement of poultry appliance in the

district Head Office

5 1 5 1 5 10

Distribution of 50 Khaki Campbel day

old ducklings a long with feed and

other appliance

.5 20 10 10 5 15

Other Livestock Development

i) Incentives to Pony/Breeders/Farmers 1 5 5 3 3 8

ii) Incentive to the farmers under

Goatry Dev. Progr. (4 does and 1 buck)

.5 20 10 10 5 15

Feed and fodder Dev.

i) Construction/ Strengthening of state

feed mixing plant

150 1 150 150

ii) Incentive for growing fodder @ Rs,

5000/-beneficiary in terms of

seed/fertilizer/fending/ ploughing

charges

0.1 10 1 15 1.5 2.5

Extension, Education & Training

i) Organisation of farmers training

programme @ Rs, 1000/-each.

.1 20 2 20 2 4

Assistant to Animal Husbandry Co-

operation/Local bodies

.1 25 2.5 25 2.5 5

Construction of meat marketing shed at

the District Head Qtr. Block Head

quarters.

5 1 5 1 5 10

Capacity Building 10 - 10 - 10 20

5.3 DISTRICT FISHERIES STATUS AND SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS

Kolasib district is a highly potential district for fishery development, which has been

for Fishery emerging as a promising sector. However it is growing only in selected areas and still

need much more attention for increasing productivity. Fingerlings production is not seen and

supplied by state like Karimganj, Nilambazar in Assam and also by Tripura. Technological

intervention for fish seed production and fish farming is need of the time. Increase of water-spread

area is to be done by constructing new ponds for increasing production to minimize the gap. Prwan

is found to be suitable in some locations of the district, which need promotion and support.

Construction of seed farm /hatcheries including prawn seed farm and provision for required inputs

including fingerlings will boost the production to meet the growing demand in the district. There

are two cold storages facilities at Bilkhawthlir and Kolasib, which require maintenance, and

provision for necessary maintenance has been kept under infra-structrure development item.

However such activities has to be initiated in villages/areas having potentiality. Some of such

villages are Chemphai, Saiphai, Saipum, Chawnpui, Chitephai,Phainuam, Buhchangphai, Phaisen,

Bikvamei, Saihapui etc.

FISHERY SECTOR STATUS AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISTRICT AND

PROPOSED STRATEGIES COMMON FOR ALL DISTRICTS IN MIZORAM

Items

Subsidy pattern for fresh water fisheries sector

Rate in Percent (%) Maximum Ceiling (in Rs.)

General SCs/STs General SCs/STs

Excavation of new tanks in

beneficiaries own land

(plain/hill area)

20%

Unit cost Rs.3.00

lakhs/ha

25%

Unit cost

Rs.4.00 lakhs/ha

Rs.60,000/ha

Rs.1,00,000/ha

Renovation of old tank

20% 25% Rs.15,000/ha Rs.18,750/ha

1st year input

a) Fin fish culture

b) Freshwater prawn

culture

20%

20%

25%

25%

Rs.10,000/ha

Rs.36,000/ha

Rs.12,500/ha

Rs.45,000/ha

Integrated fish farming

20% 25% Rs.16,000/ha Rs.20,000/ha

Note:- The above norms are common for all Districts and the rates are as per guidelines under

CSS and NFDB programmes

COMMON FOR ALL DISTRICTS IN MIZORAM

Sl.

No

Item of

package

Recommended

Practice

Specific

reasons for

Gap

Gap

Farmers’

proposed

strategy

Strategy to

overcome

Gap

1. Culture

Components

a) Indian Major

carp

b) Exotic carp

c) Prawn

Semi intensive

composite

culture with

exotic carp

Semi intensive

composite

culture with

Indian Major

carp

Polyculture with

carp take off

stage along with

trial

-

-

-

-

2. Pond

preparation

a) Organic

manure

(kg/ha)

b) Inorganic

manure

(kg/ha)

c) Lime (kg/ha)

d) Water depth

10,000kg/ha/yr

(RCD)

Urea-

300kg/ha/yr SSP-

240kg/ha/yr

500kg/ha/yr

2.5 metres

Inadequate

availability of

the inputs and

purchasing

power of the

farmer

80% gap

Supply at

subsidised

rate at least

for one crop

(initial

crop)

As proposed

by farmers

through

District level

Departmental

Sales

emporium

3. Weed control

a) Manual

b) Mechanical

c) Chemical

Manual

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

4. Stocking

size/No

a) Prawn

b) Fry

c) Fingerlings

15000-20000/ha

PL 12-18

12000-15000/ha

8000-10000/ha

Inadequate

availability in

the region

Inadequate

infrastructure

for seed

production

and economic

inability of

farmers

5000 to

8000/ha

30%

-

Supply of

fish seeds at

subsidised

rate

Establishment

of prawn

hatchery in

the state

Creation of

more

infrastructure

for seed

production.

5. Feeding

schedule

a) Rice bran

b) Oil cake

c) Pelleted feed

1:1 ratio 4500kg

annually

2500kg annually

Inadequate

purchasing

capacity on

the part of the

farmers

80% Supply of

feed at

subsidised

rate

As under

column 2

6. Sample netting

a) Monthly

b) Quarterly

c) Half yearly

Recommended

monthly

Inadequate

gears

available with

the farmers

Only

20% of

the

farmers

adopted

quarterly

sample

netting

As under

column 5.

As under

column 2.

7. Harvesting

method

Through netting As stated

under

col.6,90% of

the farmers

undertake

harvesting by

draining

water

90% As under

column 5.

As under

column 2.

8. Culture method

Semi intensive

composite

farming,

integrated

farming,

polyculture of

carp and prawn

The gap are

already

discussed

under various

item of

package from

1-7.

1-7 As

preceding

columns

As preceding

columns

TABLE 40: PHYSICAL TARGETS AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION DURING XITH

PLAN FOR FISHERIES

Sl.

No Name of the Scheme Rate

2010-2011 2011-2012 TOTAL

Phy Fin Phy Fin Phy Fin

1 Development of fresh

water aquaculture /

fishery

a) increase in

water spread

area by

constructing

new ponds

1.00/ha 75 75.00 100 100.00 175 175

b) provision of

inputs including

fingerlings

0.13/ha 75 9.75 100 13.00 175 22.75

c) Renovation of

ponds

0.15/ha 100 15.00 100 15.00 200 30

d) Construction of

seed farm 10.00/no. 1 10.00 - - 10

including

hatchery in

Kolasib district

e) construction of

fresh water prawn

seed farm including

hatchery

18.00/no. 1 (pt) 10.00 1 (pt) 8.00 18

Total for fishery 250 ha/

2nos 119.75 300 136.00 255.75

N.B. : Item no. d and e are proposed to be taken up as PPP (Public Private Partnership) at 3:2

basis of financial investment. Item d as per NFDB norms costs Rs. 16.00 lakhs and item no. e as

per NFDB norms costs Rs. 30.00 lakhs.

5.3 SERICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE DISTRICT

The art of silk production is called sericulture that comprises cultivation of mulberry, silkworm

rearing and post cocoon activities leading to production of silk yarn. Sericulture provides gainful

employment, economic development and improvement in the quality of life to the people in rural

area and therefore it plays an important role in anti poverty programme and prevents migration of

rural people to urban area in search of employment. Hence several developing nations like China,

India, Brazil, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt, Iran, Sri Lanka, Philippines, Bangladesh,

Nepal, Myanmar, Turkey, Papua New Guinea, Mexico, Uzbekistan and some of the African and

Latin American countries have taken up sericulture to provide employment to the people in rural

area.

SERICULTURE IN MIZORAM

Mizoram occupies an important position on account of its unique flora and fauna. The

climate here is congenial for the healthy growth and development of sericulture industry, which

covers mulberry, oak tassar, eri and muga culture, the last three being commonly known as non-

mulberry culture. Eri culture is one of the most predominant sericulture in the region. The muga

culture is unique and confined particularly to the Brahmaputra Valley and is not found in any

other part of the world.

Silk culture or sericulture is the rearing of insect that produces silk yarn. It is an extremely

delicate work that requires patience throughout the entire cycle of rearing silk moths from egg to

cocoons. Silk, is acclaimed as the queen of all the textiles, having all the desired qualities of textile,

viz., fibre-strength, elasticity, softness, coolness and affinity to dyes. Muga silk is golden yellow in

colour, which makes its very attractive. The world demand for natural silk textiles is soaring.

Traditional silk producing countries like Japan, Korea, Brazil and Russia have drastically cut

production due to socio-economic reasons. India, taking advantage of the situation, has launched a

massive developmental Scheme on sericulture. The export of silk has been registering a steady

growth of 30% annually. The world silk demand according to a survey conducted by the

International Silk Association (ISA) is steadily increasing due to the enhanced awareness about

natural fibres and preference for silk fibres. Silk fibres are mostly woven on handlooms, which are

quite popular in the domestic as well as export markets.

Use of sericulture

Apart from silk, there are several other bye-products from sericulture. The mulberry

fruits are rich in minerals and vitamins and from the roots, barks and mulberry leaves several

ayurvedic and herbal medicines are prepared. Some of the woody mulberry trees provide timber

which are resistant to termites and the timber is used for making sports items, toys etc. The

mulberry branches after silkworm feeding are generally dried and used as fuel particularly in the

villages. The foliage of mulberry is used as a fodder for cattle. The mulberry trees are also planted

in the embarkment area for protection of the soil to prevent soil erosion, and mulberry trees are

planted as avenue trees. The silkworm pupae are rich in oil content and pupal oil is used in

cosmetic industry and the remaining pupal cake is a rich source of protein suitable for poultry and

fisheries. In some tribal population, the people eat eri pupa as a source of protein and nourishment.

The silkworm litter is used for bio-gas production and used as a fuel for cooking in the rural area.

Thus sericulture not only provides silk for fashionable clothings, it also provides several very useful

bye products to the human society. Therefore, sericulture development provides opportunities to

improve the living standards of people in the rural area in developing countries.

Future demand for silk

The present global silk production is fluctuating around 70, 000 to 90, 000 M.T. and

the demand for silk is annually increasing by 5%. With the increase in population and also with the

increased demand for fashionable clothing items due to fast changing fashion designs in developed

countries, the demand for silk is bound to increase even more. For increasing the silk production we

require highly productive mulberry varieties and silkworm races and also silkworm races tolerant to

adverse climatic conditions and diseases which can come mainly from the sericultural germplasm

resources and also from the wild relatives of Bombyx available in the natural habitats.

Conservation of silkworm genetic resources

During the recent years, biodiversity conservation programmes have drawn the

attention of many countries including developing nations, because of the genetic erosion due to

indiscriminate use of bio resources and damage to the environment, destruction of forest, human

interference in eco-system, upsetting the equilibrium of the biosphere.

Improvement in silkworm race heavily depended on the geographical races of B.

mori and the wild relatives of Bombyx were not explored, unlike in agriculture. Whereas in

agricultural, horticultural and sericultural crop improvement programme the wild species of several

crop plants have contributed very valuable genes for resistance to diseases and pests and tolerance

to adverse agroclimatic conditions and similar exploitation of genes from wild relatives of B.mori

have not been reported.

Biodiversity is the result of evolution that is a continuous phenomenon induced by

natural selection pressure and the population of organisms evolve through adaptation to the biotic

and abiotic stress. Ever since B.mori was domesticated, the species does not survive in the wild

state in natural condition and also does not survive without human care and hence natural selection

induced genetic diversity in B.mori is rather very limited to voltinism. Hence, it is very essential to

conserve and utilise the wild relatives of Bombyx mori to broaden its genetic diversity, apart from

the geographical races, mutants, sex-limited races, evolved breeds and breeders genetic stocks. The

wild relatives of Bombyx are very vulnerable and the vulnerability at different spatial and temporal

scales are not known. The design of biodiversity network in sericulture involving the

complementarity of wild relatives and domesticated B. mori is also not well established. Therefore,

conservation of wild as well as domesticated seribiodiversity resources is very essential for

sustainable development of sericulture (Fig-3) since loss of genetic resources of domesticated and

wild relatives of Bombyx species along with their unique genes may disadvantage future generation.


PLAN FOR SERICULTRE

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No Name of Activity

Unit cost

(in Rs)

2010-2011 2011-2012 TOTAL


1 Mulberry plantation

(expansion of area) 0.40/ hec 50 20.00 75 30.00 125 50

2 Support for silk worm

rearing to farmers 0.13/unit 50 6.50 75 9.75 125 16.25

3

Irrigation support (rain

water harvest of small

size)

0.15/no. 50 7.50 75 11.25 125 18.75

Total 150 34.00 225 51.00 375 85

5.5 SUGGESTED INTERVENTIONS FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

Due to high rainfall area and topographical extremities, the land is exposed to prone to

heavy erosion and landslides causing loss of top soils. Water is lost due to deep percolation and

runoff causing moisture stress for crop production particularly in winter season. Activities like

water harvesting, contour trenching, terracing, gully plugging, aforestation etc. assume importance.


PLAN FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No


TOTAL

2010-2011 2011-2012 Total


1 2 3 6 7 8 9

1

Soil Conservation

Plantation 0.13/ha 75 9.75 100 13.00 175 22.75

2 Gully Plugging 0.10/nos. 75 7.50 100 10.00 175 17.50

3 Contour

Trenching 0.30/ha 75

22.50

100 30.00 175 52.50

Total 225 39.75 300 53.00 525 92.75

5.6 AGRO-FORESTRY AND SOCIAL FORESTRY

TABLE 43 : Physical targets and Financial projection during xith plan for agro-forestry and

social forestry (Rs. In Lakh)

Sl. No

Name of

Activity/

Component

Unit

Cost

per

unit

(Rs in

lakh)

2010-2011 2011-2012 Total


1 Afforestation

Programme

through

village forest

development

committee

(VFDC)

Hect. 0.13/ha 100 13.00 100 13.00 200 26.00

Total 100 13.00 100 13.00 200 26.00

5.7 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

Table 44: Physical targets and Financial projection during XI th plan for Infrastructure

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No

Name of Activity/

Component Unit

Cost

per

unit

(Rs in

lakh)

2010-2011 2011-2012 Total


1 INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT

a) al Godown for

storage of

production

inputs and

outputs for

agriculture and

horticulture

crops

No. 3.00 10 30.00 10 30.00 20 60.00

b) Rural market

shed for

agricultural and

horticultural

produces

No. 1.50 10 15.00 10 15.00 20 30.00

c) observance

centre (repairing

facilities of farm

machineries like

power tiller,

power pump

and other

implements)

No 2.00 - - 2 6.00 2 6.00

d) Maintenance of

existing cold

storages for fish

produces

2 No. 5.0 1 5.00 1 5.00 2 10.00

e) Post harvest

facilities like

grading ,

packing

No. LS LS 5.00 LS 5.00 LS 10.00

f) Small scale fruit

processing units No. 2.00 1 2.00 1 2.00 2 4.00

Total 24 61.00 25 63.00 49 124.00

5.8 Strengthening of Krishi Vigyan Kendra in the District

Krishi Vigyan Kendras (Farm Science Centre), an innovative science based

institutions, were thus established mainly to impart vocational training to the farmers and field level

extension workers. The concept of vocational training in agriculture through KVK grew

substantially due to greater demand for improved agricultural technology by the farmers. They not

only required knowledge and understanding of the intricacy of technologies, but also progressively

more and more skills in various complex agricultural operations for adoption on their farms. The

effectiveness of the KVK was further enhanced by adding the activities related to on-farm testing

and Front-Line Demonstration on major agricultural technologies in order to make the training of

farmers location specific, need based and resource-oriented.

The training programmes were designed to impart the latest knowledge to the

farmers through work experience by applying the principles of „Teaching by Doing‟ and „Learning

by Doing‟. The prime goal of KVK is to impart training as per needs and requirements in

agriculture and allied enterprises to all farmers, farm women and farm youths including school

drop-outs in the rural area. No formal certificate or diploma is awarded, irrespective of duration of

the courses to avoid the rush for jobs instead of self employment. While designing the courses, the

concept of farming system as well as farming situation are taken into account to ensure that the

enterprises in which they are trained are commercially and ecologically viable, sustainable and

profitable. Such vocational trainings help them to sustain themselves through self-employment and

to make them self-reliant economically and thus discourages them to migrate to the urban areas.

KVKs provide training not only in agriculture and allied vocations but also in other

income-generating activities that may supplement the income of farm families. The methods

employed in training could be formal and non-formal or a combination of both, depending upon the

needs but emphasis remains to be on work-experience, as suggested by Mohan Singh Mehta

Committee Report that “the programme should be operated as a plan of continuing education both

in the technical and general sense.”

The KVKs, thus are the down-to-earth institutions committed to vocational training, transfer of

latest technologies, on farm research and thus, serving as the light house for overall rural

development in the district. The activities of the KVK include technology assessment, refinement

and transfer, aiming to bridge the gap between the technology developed at the research institutions

and its adoption at the field level by the farmers through demonstration of technology/ products etc.

and training of farmers, rural youths and extension personnel.


PLAN FOR TRAINING PROGRAMME (Rs. In Lakh)

Unit Cost 2010-2011 2011-2012 Total

Sl

No.

Name of Activity/

Component

per

unit

(Rs in

lakh


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Capacity Building/training

a) Demonstration on

package of

practices, Rice

base with new

varieties double

cropping (Rabi)

No. 0.15 5 0.75 5 0.75 10 1.50

b) Training on

breeding

techniques and

cultural practices

on Freshwater

Prawn

No. 0.15 5 0.75 5 0.75 10 1.50

c) Trial on

rejuvenation of

Orange and other

citrus

Ha. 0.25 5 1.25 2 0.50 7 1.75

d) Training on

floriculture No. 0.15 - - 2 0.30 2 0.30

e) Training on On-

field Soil

Sampling &

Testing

Techniques

No. 0.15 - - 10 1.50 10 1.50

f) Training on Live

stock (Poultry

etc.) Production

and Rearing

No. 0.15 - - 5 0.75 5 0.75

g) Training on Food

processing &

preservation

No. 0.15 5 0.75 3 0.45 8 1.20

h) Training on Seed

production

technology

No. 0.15 6 0.90 6 0.90 12 1.80

i) Training on

Organic farming No. 0.15 - - 2 0.30 2 0.30

j) Training on Water

harvesting

technology

No. 0.15 - - 2 0.30 2 0.30

k) Conducted tour of

farmers/exposure

visit

Groups - - - 2 2.00 2 2.00

l) Training on IPM

and INM No. 0.15 10 1.50 10 1.50 20 3.0

m) Frontline

demonstration for

crop

diversification

No. 0.15 5 0.75 5 0.75 10 1.50

n) Trainers training

for farm

machineries

No. 0.15 - - 5 0.75 5 0.75

o) Conducting Loan

mela

No. 0.15 - - 2 0.30 3 0.45 5 0.75

p) Training for

Organization of

farmers‟ Group

like

WUA/Organic

Grower/SHG etc.

No 0.15 5 0.75 2 0.30 3 0.45 10 1.50

q) Training on

System of Rice

Intensification

(SRI)

No 0.15 - - 5 0.75 5 0.75 10 1.50

r) Training on oil

palm production

technology

No 0.15 - - 2 0.30 3 0.45 5 0.75

s) Training on

orchard

management

No 0.15 2 0.30 3 0.45 5 0.75 10 1.50

t) Strengthening of

KVK at Kolasib

No 1 - - 1 1.50 1 2.50 1 4.00

CHAPTER 6

District Plan

Agricultural productivity in most of the States was quite low, as it were, and the

potential for the growth of agriculture was high. The Tenth five year plan target of growth of 4

percent per annum in agriculture and allied sectors, set to reverse the sharp declining of 1996-1997

to 2001-2002 has not been achieved. A sustained and wide spread agricultural growth is a

precondition of development in India as more than 50 percent of country‟s work force still depends

upon agri. for its livelihood. Comprehensive District Agriculture Plan (C-DAP) focuses on

understanding the potential for development, infrastructure needed to support the development and

identifying initiatives required. These potentials are to be treated as goals to be achieved with the

available flow of resources and additional resources under RKVY. The financial resources required

for implementation of suggested under the district plan are presented in this chapter in

consolidation.

Table 46 Proposed Strategies, Physical and Financial targets for Agriculture

Sl.

No

Proposed

Strategy


in Rs

2010-11 2011-12 Total

Phy. Fin Phy. Fin

1

Enhancing

seed

replacement

rate

Production

incentive for

HYV paddy

seeds

- - - - - -

Distribution of

certified seeds

of paddy

1500/q 100 /

45

67,500 150 /

68

1,01,250 1,68,750

Distribution of

certified pulse

seeds

4,500/q 50 /

38

1,71,000 50 /

38

1,71,000 3,42,000

Production

incentives for

certified pulse

seeds

- - - - - -

Distribution of

certified

oilseeds

3,000/q 50 /

8

24,000 50 /

8

24,000 48,000

2

Transfer of

technology

through crop

demonstration

Mixed

cropping

demonstration

with Maize

5,000/h 20 1,00,000 20 1,00,000 2,00,000

Mixed

cropping

demonstration

with Maize

-

Intercropping

demonstration

of Arhar based

crops

5,000/h 10 50,000 10 50,000 1,00,000

Intercropping

demonstration

of Maize based

crop

5,000/h 20 1,00,000 20 1,00,000 2,00,000

Demonstration 4,000/h 50 2,00,000 50 2,00,000 4,00,000

of oilseeds

Demonstration

on pulse

4,000/h 50 2,00,000 50 2,00,000 4,00,000

SRI method of

paddy

demonstration

7,500/h 100 7,50,000 150 11,25,000

Hybrid rice

demonstration

3,000/h 100 3,00,000 150 4,50,000

Farmers Field

School (rice,

sugarcane,

pulses,

oilseeds)

17,000 12 2,04,000 12 2,04,000

Varietals

demonstration

on pulses

5,000/h 10 50,000 10 50,000

Varietals

demonstration

on Oil seeds

5,000/h 10 50,000 10 50,000

Varietals

demonstration

on Maize

5,000/h 10 50,000 10 50,000

Promotion SRI

Village - - - - -

3

Integrated

Nutrient

Management

(FFS)

INM

demonstration

in rice

17,000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

INM

demonstration

on sugarcane

17,000/h 5 85,000 5 85,000

INM

demonstration

on Oilseed

17,000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

Supply of

micronutrients

1,000/h 100 1,00,000 100 1,00,000

Liming of acid

soils

1,000/h 1,000 10,00,000 1,000 10,00,000

4

Integrated

Pest

management

(FFS)

IPM

demonstrations

on rice

17,000/h 50 8,50,000 50 8,50,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Rabi

Oilseeds

17,000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Rabi Pulse

17,000/h 50 8,50,000 50 8,50,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Kharif

Pulse

17.000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Kharif

Oilseeds

17,000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Sugarcane

17,000/h 10 1,70,000 10 1,70,000

IPM

demonstrations

on Maize

17,000/h 50 8,50,000 50 8,50,000

Supply of

biopesticides

for rice, pulse

and Oilseeds

1,000/h 400 4,00,000 400 4,00,000

5

Promotion of

Organic

Farming

Establishment

of Vermi-

hatchery at

Block Level

1,50,000 5 7,50,000 5 7,50,000

Demonstration

on compost pit

5,000 50 2,50,000 50 2,50,000

Establishment

of Vermi-

compost units

15,000 20 3,00,000 20 3,00,000

6 Farm

Mechanization

Subsidized

sale of power

tillers

56,250 40 22,50,000 40 22,50,000

Subsidy on

rotavator @

50%

25,000 10 2,50,000 10 2,50,000

Subsidized

sale of power

thresher @

50%

24,000 3 72,000 3 72,000

Subsidized

sale of post

hole digger @

50%

25,000 5 1,25,000 5 1,25,000

Subsidized

sale of bullock

drawn/manual

operated

implements @

50%

5,000 10 50,000 10 50,000

Subsidized

sale of diesel

pump sets @

50%

10,000 20 2,00,000 20 2,00,000

Subsidized

sale of

sprayers @

50%

1,600 50 80,000 50 80,000

Harrow @

50%

20,000 10 2,00,000 - -

Power thresher

@ 50 %

24,000 5 1,20,000 - -

Reaper @ 50% 80,000 3 2,40,000 - -

Cono Weeder

@ 50%

3,000 200 6,00,000 200 6,00,000

Zero till seed

cum Fert. Drill

@ 50%

25,000 5 1,25,000 - -

Potato Planter

@ 50%

30,000 5 1,50,000 - -

Raised Bed

Planter @ 50%

25,000 50 12,50,000 - -

Assistance for

boring of Tube

Wells

24,000 50 12,00,000 50 12,00,000

7 Infrastructure

Development

Establishment

of bio control

laboratory

- - - - -

Assistance for

setting up cold

storage at Sub-

Division HQ

3,00,00,000 - - 1 3,00,00,000

Construction

of Farmers

hostel and

chowkider

quarter at

Departmental

land at District

HQ

1,00,00,000 1 1,00,00,000 - -

Construction

of storage

godown at

District HQ

and Sub-

Division HQ

30,00,000 - - 1 30,00,000

8 Technology

Transfer

Training of

farmers groups

on crop

production

technology

10,000 / 50

farmers/3

days

30 3,00,000 30 3,00,000

Training of

VEWs and

other

extension

functionaries

on crop

production

technology at

District level

20,000 /

30/3 days

3 60,000 3 60,000

Exposure visit

of farmers

within the state

30,000/20

farmers

10 3,00,000 10 3,00,000

Exposure visit

of farmers

outside the

state

50,000/10

farmers

10 5,00,000 10 5,00,000

9

Support to

State Seed

farm (Seed

Production

Farm)

Procurement

of farm inputs

- - - - -

Machinery and

equipment

- - - - -

Development

of Farm

Infrastructure

- - - - -

10 Innovative

Programme

Block Level

Farmers meet

2,00,000 4 8,00,000 4 8,00,000

District Level

Exhibition

Show

4,00,000 1 4,00,000 1 4,00,000

Sl. No Proposed Strategy Activities Unit

cost

in Rs

2010-11 2011-12 Total


Fruit

Develo

pment

M. Orange 0.225 /Ha 60 13.50 65 14.625 125 28.125

Banana 0.151 /

Ha

40 6.00 45 6.75 85 12.75

Papaya 0.151 /

Ha

40 6.00 45 6.75 85 12.75

Pineapple 0.15 / Ha 45 6.75 45 6.75 90 13.50

Citrus Rejuvenation 0.15 / Ha 80 12.00 85 12.75 165 24.75

Overhead charge 3.19 3.47 6.66

Grape 0.15 / Ha 40 6.00 45 6.75 85 12.75

Avocado 0.15 / Ha 40 6.00 45 6.75 85 12.75

Mango 0.15 / Ha 50 7.50 55 8.25 105 15.75

TOTAL 395 66.94 430 72.84 825 139.78

Vegeta

ble

Develo

pment

Chayote (Squash) 0.13 / Ha 40 5.20 40 5.20 80 10.40

Cabbage 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 105 13.65

Tomato 0.13 / Ha 45 5.85 45 5.85 90 11.7

Broccoli 0.13 / Ha 40 5.20 50 6.50 90 11.7

Bhindi 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 105 13.65

Bitter gourd 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 105 13.65

Brinjal 0.13 / Ha 60 7.80 65 8.45 125 16.25

Carrot 0.13 / Ha 50 6.50 55 7.15 105 13.65

TOTAL 385 50.05 420 54.60 805 104.65

Plantati

on Crop

Develo

pment

Coconut 0.20/Ha 50 10.00 60 12.00 110 22.00

Areca nut 0.15/Ha 60 9.00 70 10.50 130 19.50

TOTAL 110 19.00 130 22.50 240 41.50

Spices

Develo

pment

a) Bird‟s Eye Chillies 0.13/Ha 60 7.80 65 8.45 125 16.25

b) Turmeric 0.13/Ha 70 9.10 75 9.75 145 18.85

c) Ginger 0.13/Ha 80 10.40 90 11.70 170 22.10

TOTAL 210 27.30 230 29.90 440 57.20

Promoti

on of

Nursery

Model Nursery in Public

Sector

20.00/no 4 80.00 4 18.00 8 98.00

Model Nursery in Private

Sector

10.00 /no 15 150.00 10 100.00 25 250.00

Small Nursery in Private

Sector (No)

5.00 / no 20 100.0 20 100.0 40 200.00

Establis

hment

of New

Garden

Banana (ha) Sucker

1st Year Maintained of

Banana

Floricul

ture

Rose – (Small &

Marginal farmer (Ha) )

2.00 / unit 30 60.00 35 70.10 65 130.10

Incentives to Floriculture

Garden (No)

0.50 / unit 30 15.00 35 17.50 65 32.50

Seed

Infrastr

ucture

Vegetable seed

Production

10.00/unit 2 20.00 2 20.00 4 40.00

Integrat

ed

Nutrien

t

Manage

ment /

Integrat

ed Pest

Manage

ment

A. Fruits

IPM on Banana

cultivation

0.0.25

200

5.00

300

7.50

500

12.50

INM on Pineapple 0.05 250 12.50 250 12.50 500 25.00

INM on

Yongchak

0.10 150 15.00 150 15.00 300 30.00

INM on Passion Fruits 0.10 300 30.00 350 35.00 650 65.00

IPM on Lime / Lemon 0.025 250 6.25 300 75.00 550 81.25

B. Vegetables Kharif

IPM on French Bean 0.025 200 5.00 250 6.25 450 11.25

INM on Bhindi 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 450 22.50

INM on Brinjal 0.05 150 7.50 200 10.00 350 17.50

IPM on Cucurbit 0.025 300 7.50 350 8.75 650 16.25

INM on Ginger /

Turmeric

0.10 450 45.60 500 50.00 950 95.60

INM on Chillies 0.05 500 25.00 600 30.00 1100 55.00

C. Vegetables Rabi

IPM on Pea 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 450 22.50

IPM on Cabbage 0.05 300 15.00 350 17.50 650 32.50

INM on Cauliflower 0.05 100 5.00 120 6.00 220 11.00

INM on Potato 0.10 150 15.00 150 15.00 300 30.00

INM on Radish 0.05 150 7.50 200 10.00 350 17.50

INM on Knolkhol 0.05 200 10.00 250 12.50 450 22.50

INM on Tomato 0.05 150 7.50 150 7.50 300 15.00

Protecte

d

Cultivat

ion

Green House (SF & MF) 0.25/no 40 10.00 50 12.50 90 22.50

Green House (Other

farmer)(Hi Tech)

10.00/no 10 100.00 15 150.00 25 250.00

Shade net Sq m 0.00020 70 14.00 80 16.00 150 32.00

Mulching (Ha) 0.08/Ha 70 5.60 80 6.40 150 12.00

Promoti

on and

Popular

ization

of

Organic

farming

Construction of compost

pit

0.10/no 250 25.00 300 30.00 550 55.00


Composts units-Big (No)

2.50/unit 30 75.00 35 87.50 65 162.50


Compost units-Big (no)

Demonstration of

Organic Farming

0.25/no 20 5.00 25 6.25 45 11.25

Popular

ization

on of

organic

Fertiliz

ers

Demonstration on use of

Rich Reuter “AA”

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 65 13.00


(13:40:13)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 65 13.00


(19:19:19)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 65 13.00


(13:0:0)

0.20/unit 30 6.00 35 7.00 65 13.00

Waters

hed

Watershed Development 50.00/no 5 250.00 6 300.00 11 550.00

Human

Resourc

e

Develo

pment

Training of VEWs and

other extension

functionaries on crop

production technology at

District Level.

0.25/no 6 1.50 8 2.00 14 3.50

Exposure visit outside

the State on IPM / INM,

Plantation, Plant Health

Management

1.50/no 5 7.50 5 7.50 10 15.00

Exposure visit inside the

state

1.00/no 6 6.00 6 6.00 12 12.00

Training of

Entrepreneurs

0.25/no 7 1.75 8 2.00 15. 3.75

Exposure Visits of

Farmers inside the State

1.00/no 5 5.00 5 5.00 10 10.00

Creatio

n of

Water

Resourc

es

Construction of

community Tanks

2.00/no 70 140.0 80 160.0 150 300.00

Farm

Mechan

ization

Subsidized sale of power

tillers

1.00/no 15 15.00 20 20.00 35 35.00

Subsidized sale of pump

sets @ 50%

0.25/no 20 5.00 30 7.50 50 12.50

Subsidized sale of

sprayers @ 50 %

0.075/no 200 15.00 250 18.75 450 33.75

Post

harvest

Infrastr

ucture

Develo

pment

Assistance for setting up

cold storages at Block

Level

20.00/unit 4 80.00 4 80.00

Construction of storage

of godown at Block

Headquarters

5.00/no 5 25.00 5 25.00 10 50.00

Establis

hment

of

Marketi

ng

Infrastr

ucture

Functional Infrastructure

for Collection & grading

(no)

5.00/no 5 25.00 5 25.00 10 50.00

Technol

ogy

transfer

Training of farmer

groups on crop

production technology

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 10 2.50

Training of farmers on

the use of Organic

Fertilizers

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 10 2.50

Training of farmers on

INM

0.25/no 6 1.50 6 1.50 12 3.00

Training of Farmers on

IPM

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 10 2.50

Training of Farmers on

Post Harvest Technology

on important horticultural

crops

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 10 2.50


within the state

0.50/no 3 1.50 3 1.50 6 3.00


outside the state

1.50/no 3 4.50 3 4.50 6 9.00

Conducting field trials in

new crop varieties / new

practices

0.25/no 5 1.25 5 1.25 10 2.50

Innovat

ive

Low Cost Potato Storage 10.00/no 5 50.00 5 50.00 10 100.00

Progra

mme

Structure

District Level Show 2.00/no 2 4.00 2 4.00 4 8.00

Project

Area

Connec

tivity

Horticulture Link Road

3.00/Km

15

45.00

15

45.00

30 90.00

Capacit

y

Buildin

g

(a) Training of Trainers

at(Research institution)

1.00/no 4 4.00 4 4.00 8 8.00

(b) Awareness

Campaign/Seminar/Work

shop etc.

5.00 5.00 10.00

Infrastr

ucture

Technical Support 4.50 4.50 5.00

Mushro

om

Develo

pment

Unit

Spawn Production 20.00/unit 1 20.00

20.00

Model

Horticu

lture

Centre

Lunglei

Research & Development

in Horticulture Crops

50.00/no 1 50.00 1 50.00 100.00

Table 48: Physical and financial Requirement for the Suggested Interventions for Animal

Husbandry Sectoral Development

Interventions Unit cost

Rs. (In

lakhs)

2010-11 2011-12 Total

Phy Fin 22 Fin

Animal Health

i) Distribution of Vety.

Aid Kits

0.01 1000 10 30 11 22

ii) Cosnt. Of vety. Disp. 10 2 20 10 30

Cattle and Buffalo Dev. 154

Milk cow induction

cow/heifer expected

give 10 lit. of milk per

day

.7 100 70 84 154

Piggery development 175

Distribution of 5 piglets

(4female +1 male) of

age group 3-4 month.

.5 150 75 100 175

Poultry Development 88

Backyard Poultry

scheme Distribution of

40 grown up low input

technology birds

.4 100 40 120 48 88

Construction of Chick

rearing unit with

procurement of poultry

appliance in the district

Head Office

5 1 5 1 5 10

Distribution of 50 Khaki

Campbel day old

ducklings a long with

feed and other appliance

.5 20 10 10 5 15

Other Livestock

Development

i) Incentives to

Pony/Breeders/Farmers

1 5 5 3 3 8

ii) Incentive to the

farmers under Goatry

Dev. Progr. (4 does and

1 buck)

.5 20 10 10 5 15

Feed and fodder Dev.

i) Construction/

Strengthening of state

feed mixing plant

150 1 150 150

ii) Incentive for growing

fodder @ Rs, 5000/-

beneficiary in terms of

seed/fertilizer/fending/

ploughing charges

0.1 10 1 15 1.5 2.5

Extension, Education

& Training

i) Organisation of

farmers training

programme @ Rs,

1000/-each.

.1 20 2 20 2 4

Assistant to Animal

Husbandry Co-

.1 25 2.5 25 2.5 5

operation/Local bodies

Construction of meat

marketing shed at the

District Head Qtr. Block

Head quarters.

5 1 5 1 5 10

Capacity Building 10 - 10 - 10 20

Table 49 : PHYSICAL TARGETS AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION DURING XITH PLAN

FOR FISHERIES

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No Name of the Scheme Rate

2010-2011 2011-2012 TOTAL


1 Development of fresh

water aquaculture /

fishery

e) increase in

water spread

area by

constructing

new ponds

1.00/ha 75 75.00 100 100.00 175 175

f) provision of

inputs including

fingerlings

0.13/ha 75 9.75 100 13.00 175 22.75

g) Renovation of

ponds

0.15/ha 100 15.00 100 15.00 200 30

h) Construction of

seed farm

including

hatchery in

Kolasib district

10.00/no. 1 10.00 - - 10

e) construction of

fresh water prawn

seed farm including

hatchery

18.00/no. 1

(pt) 10.00 1 (pt) 8.00 18

Total for fishery 250

ha/

2nos

119.75 300 136.00 255.75

Table 50: PHYSICAL TARGETS AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION DURING XITH PLAN

FOR SERICULTRE

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No Name of Activity

Unit cost

(in Rs)

2010-2011 2011-2012 TOTAL


1 Mulberry plantation (

expansion of area) 0.40/ hec 50 20.00 75 30.00 125 50

2 Support for silk worm

rearing to farmers 0.13/unit 50 6.50 75 9.75 125 16.25

3

Irrigation support (rain

water harvest of small

size)

0.15/no. 50 7.50 75 11.25 125 18.75

Total 150 34.00 225 51.00 375 85

Table 51 : PHYSICAL TARGETS AND FINANCIAL PROJECTION DURING XITH PLAN

FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION

(Rs. In Lakh)

Sl.

No

Activities Unit

cost

TOTAL

2010-2011 2011-2012 Total


1 2 3 6 7 8 9 10 11

1

Soil conservation

plantation 0.13/ha 75 9.75 100 13.00 175 22.75

2 Gully plugging 0.10/nos. 75 7.50 100 10.00 175 17.50

3 Contour trenching 0.30/ha 75

22.50

100 30.00 175 52.50

Total 225 39.75 300 53.00 525 92.75

Table 52: Physical targets and Financial projection during xith plan for agro-forestry and

social forestry (Rs. In Lakh)

Date post:	19-Jun-2020
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