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Compounds and Mixtures Grade Level: 4-5 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 – 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 – 5 Activity Page pages 6 - 8 Practice Page page 9 Homework Page page 10 Answer Key page 11 - 12
Transcript

Compounds and Mixtures

Grade Level: 4-5

Teacher Guidelines ▶ pages 1 – 2 Instructional Pages ▶ pages 3 – 5 Activity Page ▶ pages 6 - 8 Practice Page ▶ page 9 Homework Page ▶ page 10 Answer Key ▶ page 11 - 12

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Classroom Procedure:1. Display a coin, a glass of water, salt, iron, or other

examples of elements, mixtures, compounds. Ask students: What do each of the substances have in common? What is different about them?

2. List students’ responses and discuss. Lead the discussion to matter and elements, compounds, and mixtures.

3. Distribute Compounds and Mixtures content pages. Read and review the information with the students. Display and demonstrate some examples of compounds of mixtures if possible. Use the additional resources to enhance understanding.

4. Distribute Activity page. Read and review the instructions. (The activity would be more effective if hands-on activities were used for each type of compound or mixture. Use the additional resources for suggestions.) Give students sufficient time to complete each sketch. Answers may vary but the drawings should match the characteristics for the terms.

5. Once completed, allow student volunteers to display a sketch with an explanation to the class about the term. Students may ask questions or enhance each other’s explanations.

6. Distribute Practice page. Check and review the students’ responses.

7. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, allow students to share examples of compounds of mixtures from home. Check and review responses to questions.

8. In closing, ask: What is your favorite mixture to eat? Why is it a mixture?

9. Allow for responses and discussion.10. Distribute small bags of M & M’s (or other similar

candies. Nuts, etc.) to students. Ask: Why is the candy a mixture? Ask if the mixture can be physically separated.

11. Allow for responses and discussion.

Approximate Grade Level: 4 – 5 Objectives:The students will be able to compare and contrast a variety of mixtures and solutions such as rocks in sand, sand in water, or sugar in water, demonstrate that some mixtures maintain physical properties of their ingredients such as iron filings and sand; and identify changes that can occur in the physical properties of the ingredients of solutions such as dissolving salt in water or adding lemon juice to water.TEKS:Science Grade 4: b.5.C Science Grade 5: b.5.C-D Class Sessions (45 minutes):At least 2 class sessions.Teaching Materials/Worksheets:Compounds and Mixtures content pages (2), Activity pages (3), Practice page, Homework pageStudent Supplies:Colored pencils, handoutsPrepare Ahead of Time:Lesson opening substances. Suggested: Supplies, materials, substances for hands-on activities. Copy handouts.Options for Lesson:Students may work in pairs for the activity. Use construction paper, or similar, for students to sketch each type of mixture/compound. Set up stations with compounds and mixture types, students identify each type, sketching what they observe. Distribute a periodic table of elements to each student, discuss the combinations of elements and the compounds and mixtures which can be created. Invite a chemist to speak to the students about elements, compounds, and mixtures.

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Teacher NotesThis chemistry-related lesson focuses on the differences between compounds and mixtures, as well as elements. Many students get confused between the three concepts as they are often mentioned in nearly all chemistry-related content. As with most chemistry lessons, it is encouraged and recommended that students engage in as many hands-on activities as possible. These will help students distinguish the differences between elements, mixtures, and compounds more easily.

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Additional Resources:Content:

http://www.sciencekids.co.nz/chemistry.htmlhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/science/chemical_material_behaviour/compounds_mixtures/revision/1/http://www.ducksters.com/science/chemistry/chemical_mixtures.phphttp://www.ivyroses.com/Chemistry/GCSE/Elements-Mixtures-Compounds.phphttps://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.htmlhttp://www.hometrainingtools.com/a/mixtures-compounds-science-explorations-newsletterhttp://www.sciencekids.co.nz/chemistry.html (PPTs)http://www.wiley.com/legacy/Australia/PageProofs/SQ8_AC_VIC/c07ElementsCompoundsAndMixtures_WEB.pdf

Worksheets: http://www.montgomeryschoolsmd.org/departments/itv/TeacherGuides/MatterInAction/ElementsCompoundsMix-tures_TG.pdfhttp://www.teach-nology.com/worksheets/science/element/https://jeffersonscience.wordpress.com/2009/10/07/worksheets-on-elements-compounds-and-mixtures/https://www.tes.com/teaching-resource/elements-compounds-and-mixtures-3-worksheets-answers-11245354

Videos: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6Zz0daxZ9Y (3 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aKVonDfbHrQ (11 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lDNpCAFKhqY (8 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFv-k7XuMFM (1 min-using Legos)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaZ7lsc5ub8 (5 min)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CkPhAWrcSQ (8 min-activity)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=avgFqlNML5o (7 min)

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CompoundsEverything is made of matter. Nearly all matter is found as a solid, liquid or gas. Matter is made up of molecules, and molecules are made up of atoms or elements. An element is a pure substance that cannot be separated physically or chemically. For example, oxygen is an element. An atom of oxygen cannot be split into another substance. It is pure. All the elements known to man are listed on The Periodic Table of Elements. Examples include hydrogen, oxygen, carbon, gold, helium, potassium, and over 100 additional elements. These elements are the basis of everything.

Compounds are made up of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. A chemical reaction occurs as the elements react and form a new substance.

One of the best examples of a compound is water. Water is a liquid but is formed by the reaction between two elements: hydrogen and oxygen.

Each water molecule is made up of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

There are millions and millions of compounds or substances. Each of them is made up of different types of molecules, which are made up of different kinds of elements or atoms. It is the combination of these atoms and molecules that result in the different substances. For example, sugar is also made up of hydrogen and oxygen, but adds a third element: carbon. One sugar molecule has 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms, and 6 oxygen atoms. Sugar is also a compound.

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A chemical reaction is the only process that can be used for separating the molecules of a compound. A chemical change must take place to break apart the bonds of a compound. For example, the food you eat goes through a chemical change during digestion. This is how the nutrients from the food you eat can be processed into your body. Digestion is an example of a chemical reaction breaking compounds apart.

The main characteristics of compounds:

They are made of elements in a specific ratio that always re-

mains the same.

Compounds have a chemical formula: Water (H2O), Sugar

(C6H1206), Carbon Dioxide (CO2)They can only be separated chemically

and not physically.

On the other hand, mixtures can be physically separated very easily.

MixturesMixtures are made when two or more substances are combined, but not chemically. For example, water and sugar are compounds, but they can be easily combined into a mixture. Simply stir some sugar into a glass of water and you have created a mixture called sugar water.

The substances and compounds that make up a mixture do not change and there is no chemical reaction. They can be easily separated. Using the sugar water example, the two substances will separate as the water evaporates into the air.

The main characteristics of mixtures:

Combines two or more substances held together by physical forces and are not

chemically combined.

There is no chemical change and each substance retains its

properties in the mixture.

The substances can only be separated physically and not

chemically.

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Just as there are millions of compounds, there are also millions of examples of mixtures. However, there are also different mixture types within two main categories: heterogeneous and homogeneous.

Heterogeneous

Substances that are not evenly distributed such as chocolate chip cookies, pizza, or

salads. For example, every bite in a chocolate chip cookie may be different.

Homogeneous

Substances that are evenly distributed such as the air, salt water, or blood. For example, every

sip of salt water will be the same.

Suspensions Solutions

Liquid and solid particles. The solid particles do not dissolve but spread throughout the

liquid and are “suspended”. The particles will eventually separate and settle to the bottom.

Sand and water is an example.

One substance dissolves into the other. The solute is the substance that dissolves, and the solvent does not dissolve. For salt water, salt

is a solute, and water is the solvent.

Colloids Alloys

Very small particles of one substance are evenly distributed throughout another, but are not fully dissolved. The particles do not settle but stay afloat. Examples include milk, muddy

water, jelly, and mayonnaise.

A mixture of elements that has the characteristics of a metal. One of the elements

mixed must be a metal. An example is steel which is made from a mixture of carbon and

iron. Others include brass and bronze.

As you can see, compounds and mixtures are everywhere including the air you breathe, the tap water you drink, the sugar on your cereal, and the blood inside your body. The main difference between compounds and mixtures is how the substances are joined together and how they react with each other.

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Activity Name __________________________ Date _________

Sketch each of the following types of compounds or mixtures. The sketches must clearly distinguish the differences between each. Label where needed.

Element Molecule

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Activity Name __________________________ Date _________

Show the Difference Between an Element/Compound Show the Difference Between a Mixture/Compound

Homogeneous Mixture Heterogeneous Mixture

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Activity Name __________________________ Date _________

Solution Suspension

Alloy Colloid

Tell whether each of the following is an Element (E), Compound (C), or Mixture (M).

rocks tea aluminum helium

copper salt lemonade ammonia

jelly beans neon gas vinegar chicken soup

sugar salad baking soda hydrogen

diamond water air dish soap

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Practice Name __________________________ Date _________

Match each definition to the correct term

1 A mixture of substances that are not evenly distributed. A Alloy

2 The place where all elements known to man are listed. B Atoms

3 Small particles distributed but do not fully dissolve in the substance. C Chemical

4 A mixture of substances evenly distributed such as air or salt water. D Colloid

5 Mixtures can be separated using this method. E Compound

6 They are made up of atoms and elements. F Element

7 Made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. G Heterogeneous

8 Everything is made of this. H Homogeneous

9 Substances that make up molecules. I Matter

10 One substance dissolves into another in this type of mixture. J Mixture

11 A pure substance that cannot be separated physically or chemically. K Molecules

12 Solid particles do not dissolve and may sink to the bottom. L Periodic Table

13 Compounds can be separated using this type of reaction. M Physical

14 Made up of molecules and atoms, can be a solid, liquid, or gas. N Solution

15 A mixture of elements that has the characteristics of a metal. O Suspension

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Homework Name __________________________ Date _________

Search your home (with permission) and list some examples of compounds and mixtures. Tell why it is a compound or a mixture, and if a mixture, the type.

Compounds & Why is it a compound? Mixtures & Why is it a mixture? What type?

Circle the correct choice for each statement1. The amount of substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be varied, for a compound they (can – cannot).2. The different substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be joined chemically; a compound (can – cannot).3. Substances in a mixture (does – does not) keep its own properties.4. Substances in a compound (can – cannot) be easily separated; in a mixture, they (can – cannot).5. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are air, sea water, and most rocks.6. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are water, salt, and sugar.7. Compounds are made of elements and have a (physical – chemical) formula.8. A (solvent – solute) is the substance that dissolves in another substance.9. True or False: A mixture cannot have five substances.10. True or False: In a suspension, a substance may sink to the bottom.

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Practice Name __________________________ Date _________Answer Key

Tell whether each of the following is an Element (E), Compound (C), or Mixture (M).

M rocks M tea E aluminum E heliumE copper C salt M lemonade C ammoniaM jelly beans E neon gas C vinegar M chicken soupC sugar M salad C baking soda E hydrogenC diamond C water M air M dish soap

Match each definition to the correct term

1 G A mixture of substances that are not evenly distributed. A Alloy

2 L The place where all elements known to man are listed. B Atoms

3 D Small particles distributed but do not fully dissolve in the substance. C Chemical

4 H A mixture of substances evenly distributed such as air or salt water. D Colloid

5 M Mixtures can be separated using this method. E Compound

6 K They are made up of atoms and elements. F Element

7 E Made up of 2 or more different elements joined by chemical bonds. G Heterogeneous

8 I Everything is made of this. H Homogeneous

9 B Substances that make up molecules. I Matter

10 N One substance dissolves into another in this type of mixture. J Mixture

11 F A pure substance that cannot be separated physically or chemically. K Molecules

12 O Solid particles do not dissolve and may sink to the bottom. L Periodic Table

13 C Compounds can be separated using this type of reaction. M Physical

14 J Made up of molecules and atoms, can be a solid, liquid, or gas. N Solution

15 A A mixture of elements that has the characteristics of a metal. O Suspension

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Homework Name __________________________ Date _________Answer Key

Search your home (with permission) and list some examples of compounds and mixtures. Tell why it is a compound or a mixture, and if a mixture, the type.

Compounds & Why is it a compound? Mixtures & Why is it a mixture? What type?

Circle the correct choice for each statement

1. The amount of substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be varied, for a compound they (can – cannot).11. The different substances in a mixture (can – cannot) be joined chemically; a compound (can – cannot).12. A substance in a mixture (does – does not) keep its own properties.13. Substances in a compound (can – cannot) be easily separated; in a mixture, they (can – cannot).14. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are air, sea water, and most rocks.15. Examples of (mixtures – compounds) are water, salt, and sugar.16. Compounds are made of elements and have a (physical – chemical) formula.17. A (solvent – solute) is the substance that dissolves in another substance.18. True or False: A mixture cannot have five substances.19. True or False: In a suspension, a substance may sink to the bottom.


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