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Computer Organization I
Lecture 1: Course Introduction and Basic Concepts for Computer Organization
� Course Style, Philosophy and Structure (20 min)
� Introduction to Computer Organization (20 min)- What is a computer?
- What is computer organization?
- What is computer architecture?
- The hierarchical structure of a computer?
- Four main functions of a computer
Overview
Objectives
� General information about the course outline & schedule
� Know the difference between computer architecture and computer organization
� Understand the computer as a hierarchical system
� Understand the general definition about a computer and its main functions
5
General Information
CS 2813 Computer Organization IInstructor Dr. Wei Lu, Adjunct Assistant Professor in ECE Dept., UVic
Research Fellow in FCS of UNBPhone 451-6967Email [email protected] ITC 323 in ITC buildingLecture time MWF 8:30 am – 9:20 am @ H128Office hours MW 2:00pm – 3:30pmWeb page https://learning.unb.ca/webct
(Lecture notes, homework, homework solutions, etc. will be posted on the course webpage)
Textbooks
•
Main Textbook
Computer Organization and Architecture, 7th/E
By William Stallings Prentice Hall, 2006
Optional Textbooks (Anyone from Two)
Digital Fundamentals, 10th/E
By Thomas L. FloydPrentice Hall, 2008
Logic and Computer Design Fundamentals, 4th/E
By M.M. Mano and C.R. KlimePrentice Hall 2008
Course Topics
� Introduction to Computer Organization and Architecture- cover the chapter one of main textbook
� Computer Evolution and Performance- cover the chapter two of main textbook
� Digital Logic, including Boolean Algebra, Gates, CombinationalCircuits and Sequential Circuits
- cover the appendix B of main textbook and chapters from optional textbook
� Instruction Sets, including Characteristics and Functions, Addressing Modes and Formatsand HC11 Instruction Set
- cover the chapter 10 and 11 of main textbook
� Assembly Language Programming Using M68HC11
Course Evaluation and Grading Scheme
• Labs (16%)total 4 and each worth 4%
• Assignments (20%) total 5 and each worth 4%
• Midterm Exam (16%)close book, in class, Feb. 23 2009
• Final Exam (48%)time and location to be decided
More information about course grading policy, late submission for
assignments and lab reports can refer “course outline”
0-39 F
40-49 D
50-61 C
62-66 C+
67-71 B-
72-76 B
77-79 B+
80-85 A-
86-91 A
92-100 A+
Basic Concepts for Computer Organization
• What is a computer?
• What is computer architecture?
• What is computer organization?
• The hierarchical structure of a computer?
• Main functions of a computer?
What is a computer?
Any system that accepts data, processes the data according
to some instructions and produces some results
keyboard
mouse
display
disk / optical
speakers
.
.
.
printer
network
telephone
cable
wireless
other?
.
.
.
Computera “Black Box” system
What is computer architecture?
Refers to those logic attributes of a computer system implementation as seen by (visible to) a programmer
those logic attributes
1. instruction sets
2. number of bits used
to represent various
data types
3. I/O mechanism
4. techniques for
addressing memory
5. others, etc.
What is computer organization?Refers to all physical aspects of computer systems, including the operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications. Those physical hardware transparent to programmer, e.g. interfaces between computer
and peripherals, or control signals
The hierarchical structure of a computer?
main memory
System interconnectionscentral processing unit
input/output
registersinternal CPU
interconnectionsarithmetic/logic unitcontrol unit
control unit registers and decoders
control memory sequence logic unit
In a basic and rough level, a computer includes three components: (1) A CPU to interpret and execute programs
(2) A memory to store both data and programs(3) An input/output mechanism for transferring
data to and from the outside world.
In general term, the computer functions are:
Process Data
Store Data
Move Data
Control the function: coordinate how data is used
Main functions of a computer?
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility
Data movement:
e.g. keyboard to screen
Operations (1)
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility
Data storage:
e.g. Internet download to disk
Operations (2)
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility
Data processing from/to storage:
e.g. updating bank statement
Operations (3)
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility
Data processing from storage to I/O:
e.g. printing a bank statement
Operations (4)
Data
Movement
Apparatus
Control
Mechanism
Data
Storage
Facility
Data
Processing
Facility
• There are many organizations that set computer hardware standards -- to include the interoperability of computer components
• Throughout this book, and in your career, you will encounter many of them
• Some of the most important standards-setting groups are . .
Standards Organizations
• The Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE)
– Promotes the interests of the worldwide electrical engineering community.
– Establishes standards for computer components, data representation, and signalling protocols, among many other things.
Standards Organizations
• National groups establish standards within their respective countries:
– The American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
– The British Standards Institution (BSI)
• The International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
– Establishes worldwide standards for everything from screw threads to photographic film
– Note: ISO is not an acronym. ISO comes from the Greek, isos, meaning “equal”.
Standards Organizations