Concom - For Merge

8/17/2019 Concom - For Merge

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C O N S T I … A R T I C L E I X [ C O N C O M ] : D I G E S T S / F U L L T E X T S P a g e | 1

Aruelo v. CA [G.R. No. 107852 October 20, 1993]

SYLLABUS:1.ELECTION LAW; ELECTION PROTET; PROCEE!ING T"EREIN, GO#ERNE! $% T"E R&LE O'CO&RT. ( Pet)t)o*er +e- te eect)o* /rotet C)) Ce No. 343692 )t te Re)o* Tr)Co:rt, oe /rocee-)* re oer*e- b te Re)e- R:e o< Co:rt. ect)o* 1, R:e 13, Prt IIo< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re ) *ot //)cbe to /rocee-)* be*-te- b ect)o* 2, R:e 1, Prt I o< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re, te +)* o<>ot)o* to -)>) *- b) o< /rt)c:r, // o* to /rocee-)* bro:t be:t be *ote- tt *oere )* Prt #I o< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re ) )t/ro)-e- tt >ot)o* to -)>) *- b) o< /rt)c:r re *ot oe- )* eect)o* /rotet or quowarranto ce /e*-)* be:te r:eco*cer*)* /e-)*, /rct)ce *- /roce-:re )* co:rt ) ete- o* te :/re>e Co:rtCo*t)t:t)o*, Art. #III, ec. 5 B5].

4.RE6E!IAL LAW; CI#IL PROCE!&RE; $ILL O' PARTIC&LAR; ANWER IN CAE O' !ENIAL T"EREO'; W"EN TO 'ILE; R&LE. ( Pr)te re/o*-e*t rece)e- co/ o< te or-er o< teRe)o* Tr) Co:rt -e*)* ) >ot)o* e.

Facts: Ar:eo c)> tt )* eect)o* co*tet, te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re )e tere/o*-e*t tere)* o* +e - rece)/t o< :>>o* )t)* )c to +e ) *er to te/et)t)o* Prt #I, R:e 35, ec. 7 *- tt t) +e- /er)o- - /e- e* Gtc)* +e-) *er. Accor-)* to )>, te +)* o< >ot)o* to -)>) *- >ot)o*


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Issue: eter te tr) co:rt co>>)tte- re b:e o< -)cret)o* >o:*t)* to c or e=ceo< J:r)-)ct)o* e* )t oere/o*-e*t Gtc)* to +e ) /e-)* beo*- te +e-/er)o- /recr)be- )* ect)o* 1, R:e 13, Prt III o< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re

Held: No. Pet)t)o*er +e- te eect)o* /rotet )t te Re)o* Tr) Co:rt, oe /rocee-)*re oer*e- b te Re)e- R:e o< Co:rt.ect)o* 1, R:e 13, Prt III o< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re ) *ot //)cbe to /rocee-)*be*-te- b ect)o* 2, R:e 1, Prt I o< te CO6ELECR:e o< Proce-:re, te +)* o< >ot)o* to -)>) *- b) o< /rt)c:r, // o* to/rocee-)* bro:t be))o*. Prt #I // to eect)o* co*tet *- quo warranto ceco*)Fbe b co:rt o< e*er or )>)te- J:r)-)ct)o*.It >:t be *ote- tt *oere )* Prt #I o< te CO6ELEC R:e o< Proce-:re ) )t /ro)-e- tt>ot)o* to -)>) *- b) o< /rt)c:r re *ot oe- )* eect)o* /rotet orquowarranto ce /e*-)* be:te r:e co*cer*)* /e-)*, /rct)ce*- /roce-:re )* co:rt ) ete- o* te :/re>e Co:rt Co*t)t:t)o*, Art #III, ec. 5 B5].


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ROMEO M. ESTRELLA v. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS, et al. [429 SCRA 789 (2004)]

Nowhere in the COMELEC Rules does it allow a Commissioner to voluntarily inhibit with reservation.

FACTS: Rolando Salvador was proclaimed winner in a mayoralty race in May 14, 2001 elections. His opponent,

Romeo Estrella, filed before Regional rial !o"rt #R!$ an election protest w%ic% conse&"ently ann"lled Salvador's

proclamation and declared Estrella as t%e d"ly elected mayor and event"ally iss"ed writ of e(ec"tion. )%ile

Salvador filed a petition for certiorari before t%e !ommission on Elections #!*ME+E!$, raffled to t%e Second

ivision t%ereof, Estrella moved for in%ibition of !ommissioner Ralp% +antion, b"t a Stat"s -"o nte *rder was

iss"ed. However, !ommissioner +antion vol"ntarily in%ibited %imself and designated anot%er !ommissioner to

s"bstit"te %im. %e Second ivision, wit% t%e new /"dge, affirmed wit% modifications t%e R! decision and declared

Estrella as t%e d"ly elected mayor. Salvador filed a Motion for Reconsideration w%ic% was elevated to t%e

!*ME+E! En anc, in w%ic% t%is time, !ommissioner +antion participated by virt"e of Stat"s -"o nte *rder

iss"ed by t%e !*ME+E! En anc. He said t%at as agreed "pon, w%ile %e may not participate in t%e ivision

deliberations, %e will vote w%en t%e case is elevated to !*ME+E! En anc. Hence, Estrella filed a etition for

!ertiorari before t%e S"preme !o"rt.

ISSE: )%et%er a !*ME+E! !ommissioner w%o in%ibited %imself in ivision deliberations may participate in its En

anc deliberation

!EL": %e Stat"s -"o nte *rder dated ovember 3, 200 iss"ed by t%e !*ME+E! En anc is n"llified

!ommissioner +antion's vol"ntary piecemeal in%ibition cannot be co"ntenanced. ow%ere in t%e !*ME+E! R"les

does it allow a !ommissioner to vol"ntarily in%ibit wit% reservation. o allow %im to participate in t%e En anc

proceedings w%en %e previo"sly in%ibited %imself in t%e ivision is, absent any satisfactory /"stification, not only

/"dicially "net%ical b"t legally improper and abs"rd.

Since !ommissioner +antion co"ld not participate and vote in t%e iss"ance of t%e &"estioned order, t%"s leaving

t%ree #$ members conc"rring t%erewit%, t%e necessary votes of fo"r #4$ or ma/ority of t%e members of t%e

!*ME+E! was not attained. %e order t%"s failed to comply wit% t%e n"mber of votes necessary for t%e

prono"ncement of a decision or order.


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SECOND DIVISION

G.R. No. 113219, August 14, 1995

ANICETO G. MATEO, MAXIMO SAN DIEGO, QUIRINO MATEO, DANIELRANCISCO, AND LEONILA !UI"ON, #ETITIONERS, VS. $ONORA%LE

COURT O A##EALS, $ON. ARTURO A. MARAVE, AND EDGAR STA.MARIA, RES#ONDENTS.

D E C I S I O N

#UNO, &.'

Upon complaint of some Morong Water District (MOWAD) employees,petitioners, all Board Members of MOWAD, conducted aninvestigation on private respondent Edgar ta! Maria, t"en #eneralManager!$%& On December %', %, private respondent *as placedunder preventive suspension and Ma+imo an Diego *as designatedin "is place as Acting #eneral Manager! e *as later dismissed on -anuary ., %'!

On -anuary %/, %', private respondent 0led a pecial 1ivil Actionfor Quo Warranto and Mandamus *it" 2reliminary 3n4unction$& beforet"e 5egional 6rial 1ourt of 5i7al, Branc" ./, c"allenging "is dismissalby petitioners! 6"e petition embodied t"ree (') causes of action! 3treads8

+ + + + + + + + +

9:356 1AUE O: A163O;

+ + + + + + + + +

33


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continuous acts of respondents in stopping and pro"ibiting "im frome+ercising "is rig"ts and performing "is duties as #eneral Manager of

t"e MOWAD and from stopping and pro"ibiting "im to gain accessand entry to o>ice!9$'&

2etitioners, in turn, moved to dismiss t"e case on t*o () grounds8 (%)t"e court "ad no 4urisdiction over disciplinary actions of governmentemployees *"ic" is vested e+clusively in t"e 1ivil ervice1ommission? and () quo warranto *as not t"e proper remedy!$=& 5espondent -udge Arturo Marave denied t"e Motion to Dismiss on April C, %', and t"e Motion for 5econsideration on -une , %'!$@&

2etitioners t"en elevated t"e matter to t"is 1ourt t"roug" a petitionfor certiorari under 5ule C@ *"ic" *as referred to respondent 1ourtof Appeals for ad4udication! 3n its Decision, dated ;ovember =,%', respondent 1ourt of Appeals dismissed t"e petition for lac ofmerit, and in its 5esolution, dated -anuary %%, %=, denied t"eMotion for 5econsideration!$C&

6"e main issue in t"is petition for revie* is *"et"er or not t"e5egional 6rial 1ourt of 5i7al "as 4urisdiction over p! 1ivil 1ase ;o!%=


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9As early as Baguio Water District v. Trajano et al. We already ruledt"at a *ater district is a corporation created pursuant to a special la*

< 2!D! ;o! %/, as amended, and as suc" its o!icers and em"loyees arecovered by t#e Civil Service $aw.

3n anot"er case %&agonoy Water District v. '$(C) We ruled onceagain t"at local water districts are quasi*"ublic cor"orations w#oseem"loyees belong to t#e Civil Service.9 (citations omitted)

3ndeed, t"e establis"ed rule is t"at t"e "iring and 0ring of employeesof government


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VITAL GOZON VS. CA [G.. No. !"#!$"% Au&ust !'% !##"(

FACTS: E=ec:t)e Or-er No. 119 ):e- o* H*:r 30, 1987 or-ere- te reor*)Ft)o*o< te r)o: oce o< te 6)*)tr o< "et ere !r. AeJ*-ro . -e ':e*te -e>ote- to 6e-)c /ec))t II be)* te C)e< o< te C)*)c o< te Nt)o*C)-re* "o/)t. !e ':e*te +e- /rotet )t te !O" Reor*)Ft)o* $or- b:t )*ore- *- e bro:t t) to C)) er)ce Co>>))o*. W)e te ce /e*-)*, te /o)t)o* o< C)e< o< C)*)c ere t:r*e- oer to *- ere oe- to bee=erc)e- b !r. Hoe !. 6ere*c). !r. -e ':e*te ce -ec)-e- *- -ecre- ttte -e>ot)o*tr*/ )t te +* *- e=ec:tor reo:t)o* b:t#)tGoFo* -)- *ot re/o*- to te or-er o< te co:rt. T: CA -ecre-, tt te )-reo:t)o* -ecre- -e ':e*te te tter; tereo:t)o* - to be co>/)e- )t. A r)t o< e=ec:t)o* ):e- tereot)o* e )* >*->: ct)o* *- reot)o* *- r:e- tt teo)c)tor Ge*er *o :tor)t to //er co:*e *->: )*t /:b)c ocer, to te co*)F*ce o< te >tter o< ->e o:tto be recoere- te -e/r ->e, M *-

+*-)* *o*e, co*c:-e- tt te Co:rt o< A//e - *ot bee* r*te- co>/ete*ce to:>e co*)F*ce o< c)> e. Te co*c:)o* ) )*correct. ect)o* 19,oer*)* te e=c:)e or))* J:r)-)ct)o* o< Re)o* Tr) Co:rt )* c)) ce,co*t)* *o re Mor *- e=e>/r ->e,M *-)*-ee- -oe *ot :e te or- M->eM t ; et )t ) )*-)/:tbe tt )- co:rte /oer to tr *- -ec)-e c)> or, e=e>/r *- oter ce o< ->ecco>/*)* * o< te t/e or )*- o< ce ere /roce-:r o*e o)*te Jo)*)* o< * ct)o* o< >*->: *- *oter e, ) :*te*be, /)e tt c)> e r))* te o>))o* or


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C O N S T I … A R T I C L E I X [ C O N C O M ] : D I G E S T S / F U L L T E X T S P a g e

10

o< >*->: :)t > be )t)te- e/rte te tter, te >tter o< ->e*ot be)* )*e=tr)cb )*e- to te c:e o< ct)o* *->:, )c ) cert)* *ot

te ce. It be)* :)te e)-e*t tt !r. #)tGoFo* ) *ot ere cre- )t cr)>e, orc)) /roec:te- e r))* cr)>e, tere ) *o e obtce to erbe)* re/ree*te- b te Oce o< te o)c)tor Ge*er. Te /et)t)o* !ENIE! *-te reo:t)o* r>e-.


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of t*enty t*o () employees of t"e 1ollege to various positionsincluding t"e designation of 5icardo alvador as Acting Administrative O>icer vice petitioner Acena (5ollo, p! =)!ubseuently, on May ', %/C, t"e 561 Board of 6rustees con0rmedsaid designation in its regular meeting sub4ect to t"e submission ofsupporting documents andKor t"e certi0cation of t"e selection andpromotion board (5ollo, p! %%C)!

3n a memorandum ;o! ', series of %/C, Dr! Estolas revoed e>ective April /, %/C, t"e designation of petitioner Acena as Acting

Administrative O>icer! "e also reuested t"e latter to e>ect asmoot" turn


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Acena as Associate 2rofessor because "e lacs t"e masterIs degreereuired for t"e position pursuant to 11 M1 ;o! =, series of %/@!

Despite t"e 0ling of t"e in4unction case and t"e pendency of t"e casebefore t"e M2B, petitioner Acena soug"t on -uly ., %/C, t"e opinionof t"e 11 1"airman 1elerina #! #otladera *"o opined in "er letterdated Marc" ', %/., addressed to t"e 561 O>icerice of t"e 2resident! 6"e case *as entitled 9Dr! -ose0na Estolas and 5icardo alvador (5i7al 6ec"nological 1olleges),petitioners v! t"e onorable 1ivil ervice 1ommission, t"e onorableMerit ystems and 2rotection Board and 5aymundo 6! Acena,respondents!9 3n "is %st 3ndorsement dated -uly , %//, icente


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#alang, 2residential ta> Director, O>ice of t"e 2resident referredt"e said petition to t"e 1ivil ervice 1ommission (5ollo, p! %@)!

On October , %/, t"e 11 promulgated 5esolution ;o! /


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3t is a settled rule, t"at a respondent tribunal, board or o>icere+ercising 4udicial functions acts *it"out 4urisdiction if "e does not"ave t"e aut"ority conferred by la* to "ear and decide t"e case(Banco Espanol :ilipino v! 2alanca, '. 2"il! % $%%/&)! 6"ere ise+cess of 4urisdiction *"ere t"e respondent "as t"e legal po*er todecide t"e case but oversteps "is aut"ority (5oc"a N 1o! v! 1ross0eld,C 2"il! '@@ $%C&? Blanco v! Ambler, ' 2"il! '@/ $%=&)! And t"ere isgrave abuse of discretion *"ere t"e respondent acts in a capricious,*"imsical, arbitrary or despotic manner in t"e e+ercise of "is 4udgment amounting to lac of 4urisdiction (Alafri7 v! ;oble, . 2"il!

./ $%=%&? 2eople v! allarta, .. 15A =.C? :!! Divinagracia Agno1ommercial, 3nc! v! 1ourt of Appeals, %= 15A %/? oung v! ulit,%C 15A C'? :ilinvest 1redit 1orporation v! 3A1, %CC 15A %@@?1arson et al! v! -udge 2antanosa, -r!, #!5! ;o! .@'=, December %@,%/)!

3n t"e case at bar, it is an admitted fact by no less t"an t"e publicrespondent 1ivil ervice 1ommission t"at private respondent Estolaspetition for revie* 0led on -une %C, %//, *it" t"e O>ice of t"e

2resident *as 0led out of time and *it" t"e *rong forum (pp! .icers and employees from t"eservice s"all be sub4ect to automatic revie* by t"e 1ommission! 6"e1ommission s"all lie*ise "ear and decide appeals from ot"er

decisions of t"e Board, provided t"at t"e decisions of t"e 1ommissions"all be sub4ect to revie* only by t"e 1ourts!93mplementing t"e above provisions, ection . of 11 5esolution ;o!/%


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a>ected *it"in 0fteen (%@) days from receipt of a copy t"ereof!9(Underscoring supplied)!Based on t"e above provisions of la*, t"e decision of t"e M2B isappealable to t"e 1ivil ervice 1ommission *it"in 0fteen (%@) daysfrom receipt of t"e copy t"ereof! 2erfection of t"e appeal *it"in t"eprescribed period is 4urisdictional so t"at t"e failure to perfect anappeal *it"in t"e reglementary period "as t"e e>ect of rendering t"e 4udgment 0nal and e+ecutory (De Fos antos v! ;F51, #!5! ;o! /'., -une /, %/? Andaya et al! v! ;F51, #!5! ;os! .'.Cice oft"e 2resident! aving e+ceeded its 4urisdiction public respondentcommitted a reversible error *"en it set aside t"e order dated Marc"

', %// of t"e M2B *"ic" "ad long become 0nal and e+ecutory!:inal decision or orders of t"e M2B is an ad4udication on t"e meritsconclusive on t"e parties, "ence, it can no longer be sub4ect to revie*(an Fuis, et al! v! 1ourt of Appeals, et al!, #!5! ;o! /%C, -une C,%/)!

W"ile it is true t"at under e+ceptional circumstances, delay in t"e0ling of an appeal may be e+cused on grounds of substantial 4ustice


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and euity, t"e delay must, "o*ever, be e+cusable and t"e appealmust be impressed *it" merit (Fegasto v! 1ourt of Appeals, #!5! ;os!.C/'=


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18

E !

#.R. N$. 80%&9'2& "ee*e+ &7,&987

NIE E-AN#ELISTA CA, petitioner,vs.COMMISSION ON ELECTIONS a/ RIC!AR" S. 1ON, respondents.

R E S * + 5 6 *

ER CRIAM:

6n S! o. 789434 and S! o. 7894:8, t%e ;irst ivision of t%e !*ME+E! rendered a 291 decision on "g"st 10,1on filed wit% t%e !*ME+E! an "rgent motion to s"spend !"aAs proclamation or to ann"l ors"spend its effect if already made. *n ovember 11, 1


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SE!. 11. Procedure if opinion is equally divided. — )%ere t%e co"rt en banc is e&"ally divided inopinion, or t%e necessary ma/ority cannot be %ad, t%e case s%all be re%eard, and if on re9%earing nodecision is reac%ed, t%e action s%all be dismissed if originally commenced in t%e co"rtC in appealedcases, t%e /"dgment or order appealed from s%all stand affirmedC and on all incidental matters, t%epetition or motion s%all be denied.

;or t%eir part, t%e respondents insist t%at no decision was reac%ed by t%e ;irst ivision on "g"st 10, 1


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FILIPINAS ENGINEERING AND MACHINE SHOP vs. HON. JAIME N. FERRER [G.R. No. L-3!""

Fe#$%a$& '() *("]

F!"s: I+ ,$e,a$ao+ o$ 0e +ao+a1 e1e2o+ o No4e5#e$ ) *6*) 0e+ $e,o+7e+ 2o55o+e$ o 0e

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0 $ega$7 o 0e e2o+7 %e) F1,+a) 0e 1o+g #77e$) 0a +o 2a%e o a2o+ %+7e$ 0e ,$e5e o

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1oe$ 2o%$ 0a 0e @%$72o+ o4e$ 2o+$o4e$e 7ea1+g 0 0e Co5e1e2? aa$7 o 2o+$a2) 0e a5e #e+g ,%$e1& a75+$a4e a+7 241 + +a%$e) +e4e$0e1e) 0e$e+ ,eo+e$ 0a +o 2a%e o a2o+ o+ 0e

#a o 0e a11egao+ o 2o5,1a+.

I+7ee7) 01e 0e 1a $eB%$e 0e ee$2e o o%+7 72$eo+ o+ 0e ,a$ o ,$o2%$e5e+ a%0o$e) 9 a+70a 0e $ee$4ao+ o $e@e2 a+& o$ a11 #7 5a& +o #e %e7 a a 0e17 o a $a%7%1e+ aa$7) ,eo+e$ 0a

5e$a#1& a1e7 o ,$o4e o$ %#a+ae 0e ee+2e o 5a12e o$ $a%7 o+ 0e ,a$ o 0e ,%#12 $e,o+7e+ +

0e 20a11e+ge7 aa$7. I+ %+g 0e $eo1%o+ aa$7+g 0e 2o+$a2 o$ 4o+g #oo0 + a25e? a4o$) 0e

2o55o+e$ o 0e Co5e1e2 0a7 a>e+ +o a22o%+ 0a a25e? #7 a 0e 1oe 0a a25e a a$e,o+#1e 5a+%a2%$e$ a+7 0a %,o+ a+ o2%1a$ +,e2o+ o 0e a5,1e %#5e7 #& 0e #77e$) a25e?

a5,1e a a4o$a#1e 20oe+ %#@e2 o 2e$a+ 2o+7o+ 2e7 + 0e $eo1%o+. I+ +e) 0e ,%#12 $e,o+7e+

,$o,e$1& ee$2e7 o%+7 72$eo+ + 5a>+g 0e aa$7.

F+7+g 0e +a+ ,eo+ o #e 0o% 5e$ a7e $o5 #e+g 5oo a+7 a2a7e52) 0e a5e 0e$e#&75e7.


22/42


22

P$o4+2e o Ca5a$+e S%$ 4 CA [G. R. No. 9!63*) H%1& !) **"]

FACTS:I+ Ha+%a$& ) *69 - ,$4ae $e,o+7e+ Dao a a,,o+e7 a P$4ae Age+ #& 0e 0e+ Go4. oCa5a$+e S%$) A,o1o+o Ma1e+a.

O2o#e$ ') *8' - Dao a ,$o5oe7 a+7 a,,o+e7 Aa+ P$o4+2a1 a$7e+ #& 0e+ Go4. Fe1 A1e1o$)

S$.Dao 0a7 +o 241 e$42e e1g#1& o$ 0e ,oo+ 0e a a,,o+e7 o) 0%) 0e 2o%17 +o #e 1ega11& ee+7e7

a ,e$5a+e+ a,,o+5e+. =e a ee+7e7 a e5,o$a$& a,,o+5e+) 020 a $e+ee7 a++%a11&.

Ha+%a$& ) *8! Go4. A1e1o$ a,,$o4e7 0e 20a+ge + Dao? e5,1o&5e+ a% $o5 e5,o$a$& o ,e$5a+e+

%,o+ 0e 1ae$? $e,$ee+ao+ 0a 0e ,ae7 0e 241 e$42e ea5+ao+ o$ %,e$4+g e2%$& g%a$7. Sa720a+ge o a% 0oe4e$) a +o a4o$a#1& a2e7 %,o+ #& 0e C41 Se$42e Co55o+ ;CSC< $eao++g 0a

Dao 77 +o ,oe 0e +e2ea$& 241 e$42e e1g#1& o$ 0e o2e 0e a a,,o+e7 o. = a,,o+5e+

$e5a+e7 e5,o$a$& a+7 +o o0e$ a,,o+5e+ a ee+7e7 o 05.

Ma$20 6) *86 Dao a +7e+e1& %,e+7e7 #& Go4. A1e1o$ ae$ 2$5+a1 20a$ge e$e 1e7 aga+ 05a+7 a ,$o+ g%a$7 o$ a11ege71& 2o++4+g a+7/o$ 2o+e++g o e4ao+ o e+e+2e o o5e 7ee+o+ ,$o+e$

0o e2a,e7 $o5 2o++e5e+.To &ea$ ae$ 0e $eB%e o$ 20a+ge o a% a 5a7e) M$. Lo,e . Ra5a) 0ea7 o 0e Ca5a$+e S%$ U+

o 0e C41 Se$42e Co55o+) $oe 0e Go4. a 1ee$ +o$5+g 05 0a 0e a% o ,$4ae $e,o+7e+

Dao 0a #ee+ 20a+ge7 $o5 e5,o$a$& o ,e$5a+e+) 0e 1ae$ 0a4+g ,ae7 0e ea5+ao+ o$ S%,e$4+g

Se2%$& G%a$7. T0e 20a+ge o a% a o #e 5a7e $e$oa24e o H%+e ) *8!) 0e 7ae o $e1eae o a7ea5+ao+.

Sa+gg%+a+g Pa+1a1aga+) %,,$ee7 0e a,,$o,$ao+ o$ 0e ,oo+ o Aa+ P$o4+2a1 a$7e+ a+7

7e1ee7 ,$4ae $e,o+7e+? +a5e $o5 0e ,eo+e$? ,1a+11a.Dao a %#eB%e+1& a2B%e7 o 0e 20a$ge aga+ 05. Co+eB%e+1&) 0e $eB%ee7 0e Go4. o$

$e+ae5e+ a+7 #a2>age.= $eB%e a +o 0ee7e7. Dao 1e7 a+ a2o+ #eo$e 0e RTC.RTC De2o+: O$7e$e7 0e ,a&5e+ o #a2>age o Dao eB%4a1e+ o 4e &ea$. P$o4+2e o Ca5a$+e S%$

a,,ea1e7 0e 7e2o+ o 0e CA.

CA: A$5e7 RTCJ 7e2o+. =e+2e 0e ,$ee+ ,eo+.

ISSUE: /N Dao a a ,e$5a+e+ e5,1o&ee o ,eo+e$ P$o4+2e o Ca5a$+e S%$ a 0e 5e 0e a

%,e+7e7 o+ Ma$20 6) *86.

Peo+e$J 2o+e+o+: 0e+ Go4. A1e1o$ $e2o55e+7e7 o CSC 0e 20a+ge + 0e e5,1o&5e+ a% o

,$4ae $e,o+7e+ $o5 e5,o$a$& o ,e$5a+e+) 020 0e CSC a,,$o4e7 a o+1& e5,o$a$& ,e+7+g

4a17ao+ o 0e $e%1 o ,$4ae $e,o+7e+? ea5+ao+ o$ %,e$4+g e2%$& g%a$7) ,$4ae $e,o+7e+?a,,o+5e+ + ee2 $e5a+e7 e5,o$a$&. =e+2e) 0 %#eB%e+ B%a12ao+ o$ 241 e$42e e1g#1& 77

+o ,o a2o 2o+4e$ 0 e5,o$a$& a% o 0a o ,e$5a+e+.

SC =e17: Ag$ee 0 Peo+e$J 2o+e+o+. Dao) #e+g 5e$e1& a e5,o$a$& e5,1o&ee) +o e+1e7 o 0

21a5 o$ #a2>age o$ 0e e+$e ,e$o7 o 0 %,e+o+.

Rao: A 0e 5e Dao a a,,o+e7 Aa+ P$o4+2a1 a$7e+ o+ Ha+%a$& ) *8!) 0e 0a7 +o &e B%a1e7+ a+ a,,$o,$ae ea5+ao+ o$ 0e ao$e5e+o+e7 ,oo+. S%20 1a2> o a 241 e$42e e1g#1& 5a7e 0

a,,o+5e+ e5,o$a$& a+7 0o% a e7 a+7 7e+e e$5 a+7 7e,e+7e+ e+$e1& %,o+ 0e ,1ea%$e o 0e

a,,o++g ,oe$.


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23

T0e a2 0a ,$4ae $e,o+7e+ o#a+e7 241 e$42e e1g#1& 1ae$ o+ o +o 5o5e+ a 0 0a4+g ,ae7

0e %,e$4+g e2%$& g%a$7 ea5+ao+) 77 +o ,o a2o 2o+4e$ 0 e5,o$a$& a,,o+5e+ +o a

,e$5a+e+ o+e. 0a $eB%$e7 a +e a,,o+5e+ +2e a ,e$5a+e+ a,,o+5e+ +o a 2o++%ao+ o0e e5,o$a$& a,,o+5e+ K 0ee a$e o 7+2 a2 o 0e a,,o++g a%0o$&

T0e 1ee$ 2o55%+2ae7 #& M$. Lo,e Ra5a o 0e Go4. o Ca5a$+e S%$ a 21ea$ a$$ogao+ o ,oe$

,$o,e$1& #e1o+g+g o 0e a,,o++g a%0o$&. CSC 0a 0e ,oe$ o a,,$o4e o$ 7a,,$o4e a+ a,,o+5e+ e #eo$e . I 7oe +o 0a4e 0e ,oe$ o 5a>e 0e a,,o+5e+ e1 o$ o 7$e2 0e a,,o++g a%0o$& o

20a+ge 0e e5,1o&5e+ a% o a+ e5,1o&ee. CSC 0o%17 0a4e e+7e7 ,a$2,ao+ + 0e a,,o+5e+ o

,$4ae $e,o+7e+ o+ Ha+%a$& ) *8! 0e+ 2o+$5e7 0e e5,o$a$& a% o 0e 1ae$ 0o 1a2>e7 0e

,$o,e$ 241 e$42e e1g#1&. 0e+ %e7 0e o$ego+g 2o55%+2ao+ o+ Ma$20 *) *86) e,,e7 o+0e oe o 0e a,,o++g a%0o$&) 0e$e#& e+2$oa20+g o+ 0e 72$eo+ 4ee7 o1e1& %,o+ 0e 1ae$.


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24

E !

#.R. N$. L'4977 Ma3 4, &989

TRA"E NIONS OF T!E !ILIINES AN" ALLIE" SER-ICES, petitioner,vs.NATIONAL !OSIN# CORORATION a/ ATT. -IR#ILIO S, a5 O66e+''Ca+e $6 te ;+ea; $6 La*$+Relat$5, respondents.

Bonifacio V. Tupaz for petitioner.

The Government Corporate Counsel for respondent !C.

"aul #. #spinosa for intervenor P$C%&'.

RE#ALA"O, J.:

%e employees of t%e p"blic sector comprise t%e largest bloc of wor=ers in o"r national wor= force. Fovernmentalb"rea"cracy is contin"ally being reorgani>ed to cope wit% t%e growing comple(ity of t%e problems and needs ofpolitical and administrative governance. s t%e increase in t%e n"mber of government employees grows space, t%eneed to en%ance t%eir welfare correspondingly becomes more imperative. )%ile it may be ass"med t%at t%eFovernment is e(erting efforts to advance t%e interests of its employees, it is &"ite "nderstandable t%at t%eemployees t%emselves s%o"ld actively see= arrangements w%ere by t%ey can participate more meaningf"lly inmanagement and employment relations%ips. %ere is, t%"s, a proliferation of "nions or employeesA organi>ations,eac% see=ing concomitant representational recognition.

%e antecedent facts w%ic% led to t%e filing of t%is special civil action for certiorari are clear and "ndisp"ted. %e /"ridical stat"s and relevant circ"mstances of respondent corporation %ave been establis%ed in a case of illegaldismissal filed against it, as previo"sly decided by t%e !o"rt and %ereinafter disc"ssed. However, s"bmitted t%istime for *"r resol"tion is a controversy on t%e propriety of and re&"irements for certification elections ingovernment9owned or controlled corporations li=e t%e respondent.

Respondent ational Ho"sing !orporation #%ereinafter referred to as H!$ is a corporation organi>ed in 1


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25

;rom t%is order of dismissal, 5S appealed to t%e "rea" of +abor Relations 4 w%ere, acting t%ereon in +R !aseo. 9ations is now e(plicitly recogni>ed and granted to employees in bot% t%e governmentaland t%e private sectors. %e ill of Rig%ts provides t%at ?#t$%e rig%t of t%e people, incl"ding t%ose employed in t%ep"blic and private sectors, to form "nions, associations or societies for p"rposes not contrary to law s%all not beabridged? &&

%is g"arantee is reiterated in t%e second paragrap% of Section , rticle 666, on Social "stice and H"man Rig%ts,w%ic% mandates t%at t%e State ?s%all g"arantee t%e rig%ts of all wor=ers to self9organi>ation, collective bargainingand negotiations, and peacef"l concerted activities, incl"ding t%e rig%t to stri=e in accordance wit% law ....?


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Specifically wit% respect to government employees, t%e rig%t to "nioni>e is recogni>ed in aragrap% #3$, Section 2, rticle 6 &2 w%ic% provides t%at ?#t$%e rig%t to self9organi>ation s%all not be denied to government employees.? %erationale of and /"stification for t%is innovation w%ic% fo"nd e(pression in t%e aforesaid provision was e(plained by itsproponents as followsB

... %e government is in a sense t%e repository of t%e national sovereignty and, in t%at respect, itm"st be %eld in reverence if not in awe. 6t symboli>es t%e "nity of t%e nation, b"t it does perform am"ndane tas= as well. 6t is an employer in every sense of t%e word e(cept t%at terms and conditionsof wor= are set fort% t%ro"g% a !ivil Service !ommission. %e government is t%e biggest employer int%e %ilippines. %ere is an employer9employee relations%ip and we all =now t%at t%e acc"m"latedgrievances of several decades are now beginning to e(plode in o"r faces among governmentwor=ers w%o feel t%at t%e rig%ts afforded by t%e +abor !ode, for e(ample, to wor=ers in t%e privatesector %ave been effectively denied to wor=ers in government in w%at loo=s li=e a grotes&"e, #sic$ acaricat"re of t%e e&"al protection of t%e laws. ;or e(ample, ... t%ere were many occasions "nder t%eold government w%en wages and cost of living allowances were granted to wor=ers in t%e private

sector b"t denied to wor=ers in t%e government for some reason or anot%er, and t%e government didnot even state t%e reasons w%y. %e government employees were being discriminated against. s ageneral r"le, t%e ma/ority of t%e worldAs co"ntries now entertain p"blic service "nions. )%at t%eyreally add "p to is t%at t%e employees of t%e government form t%eir own association. Fenerally, t%eydo not bargain for wages beca"se t%ese are fi(ed in t%e b"dget b"t t%ey do ac&"ire a for"m w%ere,among ot%er t%ings, professional and self9development is #sic$ promoted and enco"raged. %ey alsoact as watc%dogs of t%eir own bosses so t%at w%en graft and corr"ption is committed, generally, it ist%e "nions w%o are no longer afraid by virt"e of t%e armor of self9organi>ation t%at become t%ep"blicAs own allies for detecting graft and corr"ption and for e(posing it.... &<

%ere is, t%erefore, no impediment to t%e %olding of a certification election among t%e wor=ers of H! for it is cleart%at t%ey are covered by t%e +abor !ode, t%e H! being a government9owned and@or controlled corporation wit%o"tan original c%arter. Stat"tory implementation of t%e last cited section of t%e !onstit"tion is fo"nd in rticle 244 of t%e+abor !ode, as amended by E(ec"tive *rder o. 111, t%"sB

... "i(ht of employees in the public service — Employees of t%e government corporationsestablis%ed "nder t%e !orporation !ode s%all %ave t%e rig%t to organi>e and to bargain collectivelywit% t%eir respective employers. ll ot%er employees in t%e civil service s%all %ave t%e rig%t to formassociations for p"rposes not contrary to law.

%e records do not s%ow t%at s"pervening fact"al events %ave mooted t%e present action. 6t is meet, %owever, toalso call attention to t%e fact t%at, insofar as certification elections are concerned, s"bse&"ent stat"torydevelopments %ave rendered academic even t%e distinction between t%e two types of government9owned orcontrolled corporations and t%e laws governing employment relations t%erein, as %ereinbefore disc"ssed. ;or,w%et%er t%e employees of H! are covered by t%e +abor !ode or by t%e civil service laws, a certification election

may be cond"cted.

;or employees in corporations and entities covered by t%e +abor !ode, t%e determination of t%e e(cl"sivebargaining representative is partic"larly governed by rticles 233 to 23< of said !ode. rticle 23: provides for t%eproced"re w%en t%ere is a representation iss"e in organi>ed establis%ments, w%ile rticle 238 covers "norgani>edestablis%ments. %ese +abor !ode provisions are fles%ed o"t by R"les J to J66, oo= J of t%e *mnib"s6mplementing R"les.

)it% respect to ot%er civil servants, t%at is, employees of all branc%es, s"bdivisions, instr"mentalities and agenciesof t%e government incl"ding government9owned or controlled corporations wit% original c%arters and w%o are,t%erefore, covered by t%e civil service laws, t%e g"idelines for t%e e(ercise of t%eir rig%t to organi>e is provided for"nder E(ec"tive *rder o. 170. !%apter 6J t%ereof, consisting of Sections < to 12, reg"lates t%e determination of


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27

t%e ?sole and e(cl"sive employees representative?C 5nder Section 12, ?w%ere t%ere are two or more d"ly registeredemployeesA organi>ations in t%e appropriate organi>ation "nit, t%e "rea" of +abor Relations s%all, "pon petitionorder t%e cond"ct of certification election and s%all certify t%e winner as t%e e(cl"sive representative of t%e ran=9and9file employees in said organi>ational "nit.?

arent%etically, note s%o"ld be ta=en of t%e specific &"alification in t%e !onstit"tion t%at t%e State ?s%all g"aranteet%e rig%ts of all wor=ers to self9organi>ation, collective bargaining, and peacef"l concerted activities, incl"ding t%erig%t to stri=e in accordance with law ? and t%at t%ey s%all also participate in policy and decision9ma=ing processesaffecting t%eir rig%ts and benefits as may be provided by law .? &4 #Emp%asis s"pplied.$

* HE ;*REF*6F !*S6ER6*S, t%e assailed resol"tion of t%e "rea" of +abor Relations, datedovember 21, 1


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L%ego 4 CSC [!3 SCRA 3'8]

;P%#12 O2e$) A,,o+5e+) CSC<

Fa2: Peo+e$ a a,,o+e7 A75+ O2e$ II) O2e o 0e C& Ma&o$) Ce#% C&) #& Ma&o$ So1o+. T0e

a,,o+5e+ a 7e2$#e7 a ,e$5a+e+ #% 0e CSC a,,$o4e7 a e5,o$a$&) %#@e2 o 0e +a1 a2o+

a>e+ + 0e ,$oe 1e7 #& 0e ,$4ae $e,o+7e+ a+7 a+o0e$ e5,1o&ee.S%#eB%e+1&) 0e CSC o%+7 0e ,$4ae $e,o+7e+ #ee$ B%a1e7 0a+ 0e ,eo+e$ o$ 0e 2o+ee7

,oo+ a+7) a22o$7+g1& 7$e2e7 0a 0e 1ae$ #e a,,o+e7 o a7 ,oo+ + ,1a2e o 0e ,eo+e$ 0oe

a,,o+5e+ $e4o>e7. =e+2e) 0e ,$4ae $e,o+7e+ a o a,,o+e7 o 0e ,oo+ #& Ma&o$ D%e$e) 0e

+e 5a&o$.T0e ,eo+e$) +4o>+g 0 ea$1e$ ,e$5a+e+ a,,o+5e+) B%eo+ 0e o$7e$ a+7 0e 4a17& o 0e

$e,o+7e+J a,,o+5e+.

I%e: ON 0e CSC a%0o$e7 o 7a,,$o4e a ,e$5a+e+ a,,o+5e+ o+ 0e g$o%+7 0a a+o0e$ ,e$o+ #ee$ B%a1e7 0a+ 0e a,,o+ee a+7) o+ 0e #a o 0 +7+g) o$7e$ 0 $e,1a2e5e+.

=e17: No. T0e a,,o+5e+ o 0e ,eo+e$ a +o e5,o$a$& #% ,e$5a+e+ a+7 a 0e$eo$e ,$oe2e7 #&

Co+%o+. T0e a,,o++g a%0o$& +72ae7 0a a ,e$5a+e+) a 0e 0a7 0e $g0 o 7o o) a+7 a

+o o$ 0e $e,o+7e+ CSC o $e4e$e 05 a+7 2a11 e5,o$a$&.

Se2o+ *;0+7 o$ +a%$e o 0e a,,o+5e+ ee+7e7 #& 0e a,,o++go2e$) a%0o$& #e+g 15e7 o a,,$o4+g o$ $e4e+g 0e a,,o+5e+ + 0e 1g0 o 0e $eB%$e5e+ o

0e CSC La. 0e+ 0e a,,o+ee B%a1e7 a+7 a11 0e o0e$ 1ega1 $eB%$e5e+ a$e ae7) 0e Co55o+0a +o 20o2e #% o ae o 0e a,,o+5e+ + a22o$7a+2e 0 0e CSC La.CSC 0o% a%0o$& o $e4o>e a+ a,,o+5e+ #e2a%e o #e1e 0a a+o0e$ ,e$o+ a #ee$ B%a1e7)

020 a+ e+2$oa205e+ o+ 0e 72$eo+ 4ee7 o1e1& + 0e 2& 5a&o$.


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SSS Employee sso. v ! K183 S!R :7: #"ly 27, 1ance on t%e s"b/ect matter since t%e /"risdiction lies on t%e *+E or t%e

ational +abor Relations !ommission as t%e case involves a labor disp"te. %e SSS contends on one %and

t%at t%e petitioners are covered by t%e !ivil Service laws, r"les and reg"lation t%"s %ave no rig%t to stri=e. %ey

are not covered by t%e +R! or *+E t%erefore t%e co"rt may en/oin t%e petitioners from stri=ing.

I55;e: )%et%er or not SSS employers %ave t%e rig%t to stri=e )%et%er or not t%e ! erred in ta=ing /"risdiction over t%e s"b/ect matter.

!el/: %e !onstit"tional provisions ens%rined on H"man Rig%ts and Social "stice provides g"arantee among

wor=ers wit% t%e rig%t to organi>e and cond"ct peacef"l concerted activities s"c% as stri=es. *n one %and,

Section 14 of E.* o. 170 provides t%at Nt%e !ivil Service law and r"les governing concerted activities and

stri=es in t%e government service s%all be observed,

s"b/ect to any legislation t%at may be enacted by !ongressO referring to Memorand"m !irc"lar o. :, s. 1


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30

Sala+ar vs. ,at-a% G.. No. L/''01!% Se2te34er "0% !#51T-e C6v6l Serv6ce Co336ss6o7: A22o67t3e7ts

Facts: O* H*:r 20, 190, /et)t)o*er 6e*) C. Fr //o)*te- b te A:-)tor Ge*erco*+-e*t) e*t )* te Oce o< te A:-)tor Ge*er, Goer*>e*t er)ce I*:r*ce te> GI."er //o)*t>e*t *ote- b te Co>>))o*er o< C)) er)ce. O* 6rc 28, 192 *- o* 'ebr:r 12,195 e e=te*-e- *oter //o)*t>e*t b o< /ro>ot)o*, co*+-e*t) e*t )* te >eoce.

O* 6rc 18, 19, /et)t)o*er rece)e- *ot)ce te A:-)tor Ge*er tt er er)ce co*+-e*t)e*t e bee* ter>)*te- o< te coe o< oce o:r o* 6rc 31, 19. O* 6rc 31, 19, teA:-)tor Ge*er :/o* >e*-t)o* o< 6r. Pe-ro E*cbo, A:-)tor o< te GI ):e- *//o)*t>e*t to /et)t)o*er H:*)or E=>)*er )* ) oce )c //roe- b te Co>>))o* o< C))er)ce. O* te >e -, /et)t)o*er :>e- te /o)t)o*.

O* !ece>ber 27, 19, /et)t)o*er rote te Co>>))o*er o< C)) er)ce re:et)* tt e bere)*tte- to er er /o)t)o* co*+-e*t) e*t. "oeer, *o ct)o* te* o* )-etter. Pet)t)o*er +e- /et)t)o* *->: )t te :/re>e Co:rt to co>/e te A:-)tor Ge*er tore)*tte er to er er /o)t)o* b:t te :/re>e Co:rt -)>)e- te /et)t)o* )to:t /reJ:-)ce to er+)* te /ro/er ct)o* to te Co:rt o< ')rt I*t*ce.

Issue:8!9 Weter or *ot te /o)t)o* e- b te /et)t)o*er ) /r)>r) co*+-e*t) or *ot.8"9 Weter or *ot te er)ce o< /et)t)o*er co*+-e*t) e*t )- ter>)*te- o* te

ee- ro:*- o< o o< co*+-e*ce, *- )< *ot, eter or *ot e co:- t) be re)*tte- to )-

/o)t)o* )*er )* te >e oce.

Held:1 Te /o)t)o* e- b te /et)t)o*er ) /r)>r) co*+-e*t). Tere re to )*t*ce e* /o)t)o*

> be co*)-ere- /r)>r) co*+-e*t)K 1 We* te Pre)-e*t :/o* reco>>e*-t)o* o< te

Co>>))o*er o< C)) er)ce *o C)) er)ce Co>>))o* -ecre- te /o)t)o* to be

/r)>r) co*+-e*t); or 2 I* te be*ce o< :c -ecrt)o* e* b te *t:re o< te c betee* te //o)*tee *- //o)*t)* /oer )c

)*:re o< )*terco:re )to:t e>brr>e*t or >)))* or betr o<

/ero* tr:t or co*+-e*t) >tter o< tte. I* te ce bee*t *- oce o< te

Goer*>e*t, :*e oter)e -)recte- b te Pre)-e*t, to be /r)>r) co*+-e*t) br)* )t)*

te o* toe /o)t)o* )c re /r)>r) co*+-e*t).2 %e. "er /o)t)o* be)* /r)>r) co*+-e*t), /et)t)o*er c**ot co>/)* tt te ter>)*t)o* o< er

er)ce co*+-e*t) e*t ) )* )ot)o* o< er ec:r)t o< te*:re, /r)>r) co*+-e*t)

/o)t)o* re e=c:-e- te >er)t te>, *- -)>) t /e:re o< ocer or e>/oee

tere)* ) oe- b te Co*t)t:t)o*. T) o:- *ot be >):*-ertoo- -e*)* tt te

)*c:>be*t o< /r)>r) co*+-e*t) /o)t)o* o- oce t te /e:re o* o< te //o)*t)*

/oer. It o:- be *ote-, oeer, tt e* :c /e:re t:r* )*to -)/e:re, te )*c:>be*t

) *ot re>oe- or -)>)e- oce ( ) ter> >ere e=/)re, )* >:c te te >e

ocer, oe r)t tereto cee :/o* e=/)rt)o* o< te +=e- ter> e- re>oe- or -)>)e- tere, :/o* te

e=/)rt)o* o< )- ter>. Te >)* -)?ere*ce betee* te er ( te /r)>r) co*+-e*t) ocer

( *- te tter ) tt te tter ter> ) +=e- o< -e+*)te, ere tt o< te er ) *ot /re


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+=e-, b:t )*-e+*)te, t te t)>e o< ) //o)*t>e*t or eect)o*, *- beco>e +=e- *- -eter>)*e-

e* te //o)*t)* /oer e=/ree )t -ec))o* to /:t * e*- to te er)ce o< te )*c:>be*t.

We* t) ee* te /ce, te tter ) *ot re>oe- or -)>)e- oce ( ) ter> >ere e=/)re-.

$:t ee* r*t)* e*t, tt /et)t)o*er /o)t)o* *ot /r)>r) co*+-e*t)

*- tt tereo )- /o)t)o* /oee, et b er cce/t*ce o< te /o)t)o* o< H:*)or

E=>)*er )* te Oce o< te A:-)tor, GI o* A/r) 1, 197, e -ee>e- to e b*-o*e-

er /o)t)o* o< co*+-e*t) e*t )* te >e oce.


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G. R. No. L23*21, M/ 31, 195

R. MARINO COR#US, #ETITIONER AND A##ELLANT, VS. MIGUELCUADERNO, SIT., ET AL., RES#ONDENTS AND A##ELLANTS.

D E C I S I O N

REES, &.%.L., &.'

;ot satis0ed *it" t"e decision of t"e 1ourt of :irst 3nstance of Manila,

in its 1ivil 1ase ;o! =%C, bot" t"e aboveice e>ective on said date and created a t"reeorded all opportunity to submit


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t"eir evidence, and after a most e+"austive and conscientious study of t"e records and evidence submitted in t"e case9, made t"e follo*ingconclusion and recommendation8

9(3) 3n vie* of t"e foregoing, t"e 1ommittee 0nds t"at t"ere is nobasis upon *"ic" to recommend disciplinary action againstrespondent, and t"erefore respectfully recommends t"at "e beimmediately reinstated!9

;evert"eless, on -uly %@, t"e Monetary Board approved t"efollo*ing resolution8

9After an e+"austive and mature deliberation on t"e report of t"eaforesaid fact


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and a*arding "im 2@,, as attorneyIs fees! As aforesaid, bot" t"epetitioner and t"e respondents appealed t"e 4udgment!

2er its resolution, t"e premises of t"e board in dismissing t"epetitioner are8 (%) its deliberation of t"e report of t"e committee, t"erecords of tiie case and t"e representations of t"e parties? () t"eservice record of t"e petitioner, particularly t"e various cases against"im in %@@? and (') loss of con0dence by t"e #overnor, *it" t"eimplied concurrence of t"e Monetary Board! ;o speci0c 0ndings *eremade? it is, t"erefore, evident t"at t"e petitioner *as removed on t"et"ird ground, since "e *as neit"er removed for guilt of t"e c"argesagainst "im in t"e administrative complaint nor on account of "isprevious cases in %@@ because "e "ad su>ered t"e correspondentpenalty imposed upon "im on t"e counts for *"ic" "e *as t"en foundguilty, and because "e *as t"ereafter "romoted in salary and to t"eposition in uestion by t"e Monetary Board on recommendation of t"e#overnor!

6"e appeal of t"e 1entral Ban and its Monetary Board is planted ont"e proposition t"at o>icers "olding "ig"ly tec"nical positions may beremoved at any time for lac of con0dence by t"e appointing po*er,and t"at suc"% po*er of removal is implicit in section %, Art! H33 or t"e1onstitution8

9ection %! A 1ivil ervice embracing all branc"es and suc" visions8 oft"e #overnment s"all be provided by la*! Appointments in t"e 1ivilervice, e+cept as to t"ose *"ic" are policy


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We 0nd t"e appeal of t"e 1entral Ban aut"orities to be clearlyuntenable!

3n t"e 0rst place, t"e loss of con0dence ground, on *"ic" t"edismissal is soug"t to be predicated, is a clear and evidentaftert"oug"t resorted to *"en t"e c"arges, sub4ectorded civil servants in positions t"at are by t"eir nature important,suc" as t"ose t"at are 9"ig"ly tec"nical9, t"e 1onstitutional safeguardreuiring removal or suspension to be 9for cause as provided by la*9

atleast demands t"at t"eir dismissal for alleged 9loss of con0dence9, ifat all allo*ed, be attended *it" prudence and deliberation adeuateto s"o* t"at said ground e+ists!

3n t"e second place, t"e argument for t"e Monetary Board ignores t"eself


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ervice to be made on t"e basis of merit and 1tness as determined +rom com"etitive e0aminations (sec! %, supra) (-over vs. Borra, '2"il!, @C? = O>! #a7!, (;o! .) .@@), but t"at t"e 1onstitution doesnot e+empt suc" positions from t"e operation of t"e principleemp"atically and categorically enunciated in section = of Article H33,t"atP

9;o o>icer or employee in t"e 1ivil ervice s"all be removed orsuspended e+cept for cause as provided by la*!9

and *"ic" recogni7es no e0ce"tion! 6"e absolute rule t"us

propounded is repeated almost verbatim in ection %' of t"e 1entralBan 1"arter (5ep! Act C@) t"at provides in eually absolute termst"atP

9;o o>icer or employee of t"e 1entral Ban sub4ect to t"e 1ivilervice la* or regulations s"all be removed or suspended e+cept forcause as provided by la*!9

3t is *ell to recall "ere t"at t"e 1ivil ervice Fa* in force (5ep! Act

;o! C) divides positions into t"ree categories8 competitive orclassi0ed? non


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it is indisputable t"at t"e plainti> 1orpus is protected by t"e 1ivilervice la* and regulations as a member of t"e non


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6"e decision in De los antos vs. Mallare, /. 2"il! /, relied upon byt"e appellant Ban, is not applicable, since said case involved t"eo>ice of city engineer, t"at t"e court e+pressly found to be 9neit"erprimarily con0dential, policy determining nor "ig"ly tec"nical9 (at p!., in 1ne)!

6urning no* to t"e appeal of plainti> Marino 5! 1orpus! 6"e lattercomplains 0rst against t"e allo*ance of only 2@,! attorneysI feesby t"e court belo*, stressing t"at t"e stipulation of facts bet*een t"eparties clearly recites t"at 1orpus "ad agreed to pay "is attorney2,! as fees! 3t is to be noted, "o*ever, t"at t"e agreementbet*een client and la*yer can not bind t"e ot"er party *"o *as astranger to t"e fee contract! W"ile t"e 1ivil 1ode allo*s a party torecover reasonable counsel fees by *ay of damages, suc" fees mustlie primarily in t"e discretion of t"e trial court, and no abuse of t"atdiscretion is "ere s"o*n! 6"e same t"ing can be said as to plainti>Isrecovery of moral damages8 t"e trial court *as evidently not satis0ed*it" t"at suc" damages *ere adeuately proved, and on t"e record,*e do not believe We *ould be *arranted in interfering *it" its

4udgment!

6"e claim for e+emplary damages must presuppose t"e e+istence oft"e circumstances enumerated in Articles !I@% and ' of t"e 1ivil1ode! 6"at is essentially a uestion of fact t"at lies *it"in province oft"e court a quo, and *e do not believe t"at in opining t"at t"e positionof 1orpus *as one dependent on con0dence, t"e defendant MonetaryBoard necessarily acted *it" vindictiveness or Wantonness, and not int"e e+ercise of "onest 4udgment!

W"erefore, t"e decision appealed from is "ereby a>irmed, *it"outspecial pronouncement as to costs!


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"el$5 Sat$5 v. Malla+e KF.R. o. +9771 "g"st 1, 1


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C6v6l L64ert6es U76o7 vs. T-e )ecut6ve Secretar [G.. No. ;$;#1 Fe4ruar ""% !##!(

Facts: The constitutionality of Executive Order No. 284 issued by then President Corazon Auino is bein!

challen!ed by "etitioners on the "rinci"al sub#ission that it adds exce"tions to $ection %&' Article ()) other than

those "rovided in the Constitution. Accordin! to "etitioners' by virtue of the "hrase *unless other+ise "rovided in

this Constitution', the only exce"tions a!ainst holdin! any other office or e#"loy#ent in -overn#ent are those

"rovided in the Constitution.

Petitioners #aintain that this Executive Order +hich' in effect' allo+s #e#bers of the Cabinet' their

undersecretaries and assistant secretaries to hold other !overn#ent offices or "ositions in addition to their "ri#ary

"ositions' albeit subect to the li#itation therein i#"osed' runs counter to $ection %&' Article ()) of the %/80

Constitution.

Issue: 1hether Executive Order No. 284 is unconstitutional.

Held: es. A fool"roof yardstic3 in constitutional construction is the intention underlyin! the "rovision under

consideration. The Court in construin! a Constitution should bear in #ind the obect sou!ht to be acco#"lished by

its ado"tion' and the evils' if any' sou!ht to be "revented or re#edied.

Althou!h $ection 0' Article )56 already contains a blan3et "rohibition a!ainst the holdin! of #ulti"le offices or

e#"loy#ent in the !overn#ent subsu#in! both elective and a""ointive "ublic officials' the Constitutional

Co##ission should see it fit to for#ulate another "rovision' $ec. %&' Article ())' s"ecifically "rohibitin! the

President' (icePresident' #e#bers of the Cabinet' their de"uties and assistants fro# holdin! any other office or

e#"loy#ent durin! their tenure' unless other+ise "rovided in the Constitution itself. Evidently' fro# this #ove as

+ell as in the different "hraseolo!ies of the constitutional "rovisions in uestion' the intent of the fra#ers of the

Constitution +as to i#"ose a stricter "rohibition on the President and his official fa#ily in so far as holdin! other

offices or e#"loy#ent in the !overn#ent or else+here is concerned.

)t is a +ellestablished rule in Constitutional construction that no one "rovision of the Constitution is to be se"arated

fro# all the others' to be considered alone' but that all the "rovisions bearin! u"on a "articular subect are to be

brou!ht into vie+ and to be so inter"reted as to effectuate the !reat "ur"oses of the instru#ent. $ections bearin! on

a "articular subect should be considered and inter"reted to!ether as to effectuate the +hole "ur"ose of the

Constitution and one section is not to be allo+ed to defeat another' if by any reasonable construction' the t+o can be

#ade to stand to!ether. )n other +ords' the court #ust har#onize the#' if "racticable' and #ust lean in favor of a

construction +hich +ill render every +ord o"erative' rather than one +hich #ay #a3e the +ords idle and nu!atory.


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