Biology Society of South Australia, Inc. C/- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences , DX650-312, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, SA 5005, AUSTRALIA Website: http://users.esc.net.au/~biologysociety E-mail: [email protected]CONGRATS TO THE BSSA FIELD RESEARCH GRANT RECIPIENTS! See page 5… Photo: Simone Linehan 2007 Monies raised from the 2007 Quiz Night & generous prize donations from sponsors & donation from NRMjobs. Do you need volunteers? Email your project details to: biologysociety @esc.net.au What would you like to see in future BSSA newsletters? Email tina.bentz @adelaide.edu.au with suggestions. Issue 35: May 2008 This issue: This issue: This issue: This issue: • 2008 BSSA Grant • President speaks • Upcoming events • Grant sponsors & 2008 recipients • Urban Biodiversity • Mycologically Speaking... • Protecting SA’s Sharks, Fish & Rays • Volunteer Oppor- tunities
Transcript
Biology Society of South Australia, Inc.
C/- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences , DX650-312, THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE, SA 5005, AUSTRALIA
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The President Speaks!The President Speaks!The President Speaks!The President Speaks! This year has begun and progressed well so far for the Biology Society of SA. There was a big turn out for our first joint meeting with NCSSA for the year in February. These joint meetings are a great opportunity to network with other people in the environmental biology and conservation sector in an informal environment. NCSSA members include employees and managers of sev-eral government departments and private companies that may offer employment opportunities for our members in the future. We have two more joint meetings planned for this year starting with this week’s meeting at which each society will present their respective research grants for 2008. We’ll also hear short presentations from past years’ grant recipients so it should be a di-verse and interesting evening in many ways.
Speaking of grants, this year’s field of grant applications was of a very high standard and I’d really like to thank everybody who applied. Commiserations to those who were unsuccessful, I assure you it was not an easy decision. It was a tight field but our five assessors came up with scores that consistently favoured the applications of Jasmin Packer of Adelaide Uni and Lana Roediger of Flinders Uni, who will use our funding in their study of food resources for Southern Brown Bandicoots and the Population Dynamics of the viviparous sea star Parvulastra parvi-vipara respectively. I found both of these projects really exciting to read about and look forward to hearing about the progress of each. The Biology Society is very proud to be contributing to the funding of two such important projects.
Plans for our field activities/monitoring day are progressing as well. I recently met with the com-mittee of the Friends of Stirling Linear Park who were very enthusiastic about our society staging a monitoring day regularly in the Woorabinda Section of the park. We currently have a sub-committee working on an array of monitoring activities that will offer valuable experience to our members while providing helpful information to aid the on ground management of Woorabinda.
Plans are also afoot to stage a BSSA meeting at Flinders Uni in the near future. BSSA has al-ways tried to provide a service to all three universities and we hope to strengthen our link with Flinders soon. Well that’s all I have room for.
See you at the meetings, Craig Gillespie, President.
GET YOUR DIARIES OUT FOR 2008GET YOUR DIARIES OUT FOR 2008GET YOUR DIARIES OUT FOR 2008GET YOUR DIARIES OUT FOR 2008 BSSA 2008 - May 8, August 14, Sept 11, November 6
NCSSA 2008 - July 3, Sept 4, November 6
SA HERP GROUP MEETING, ROYAL SOCIETY ROOMS, 7.30PM (ON 2ND TUESDAY OF EACH MONTH) MARCH 13: BSSA GENERAL MEETING, 5.30PM UNI ADELAIDE (2ND THRUSDAY IN MAR, MAY, AUG & SEP, QUIZ NIGHT 2ND FRIDAY IN OCTOBER) MAY 8, NOVEMBER 6: NCSSA/BSSA JOINT MEETINGS
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DON’T FORGET… NEXT BSSA/NCSSA MEETING
8 MAY 2008 5.30 pm drinks & nibbles
Past Grant Recipient Talks start at 6pm
2007 NCSSA CBG: Wahi Afzan Azmi – Effect of the removal of exotic willows
on the invertebrate communities in the River Murray, SA
2005 NCSSA CBG: Elisa Sparrow – The effect of population fragmentation and isolation on the reproductive biology, genetic status and population viability of wombats (Vombatus
ursinus and Lasiohinus latifrons) in SA
2007 BSSA FRG: Udani Sirisena – Systematic studies on Thysanotus
R.Br. (Fringed Lilies)
6pm talk in Eric Rudd LT, Mawson Bldg
(NOTE DIFFERENT LOCATION)
5:30pm nibbles for 6pm start: Past award winners of the NCSSA Conservation Biology Grant, and BSSA Field Research Grant present their
research, and the 2008 winners are announced.
14 AUGUST 2008 5.30 pm drinks & nibbles
Talk starts at 6pm
Alex Gaut, Marine Programs Coordinator,
Conservation Council of South Australia —— talk title TBA
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Adelaide Showground Farmer’s Market, Adelaide United, Andrew Isles Natural History Books, ANZ Firle, Arid Recovery, Ashbourne Organic Fruit & Veg, Butterfly Conservation SA, Chomp, Dymocks – Adelaide, Email Media/NRM jobs, Gorge Wildlife Park, Haighs, Martins Oysters, MeerKat Wine Network, Native Nurseries/Native Growth Holdings, Nature Conservation Society of SA, New Internationalist, Rock Against Warming, The Food Forest, & Uleberry Wines, Zoos South Australia ~ Adelaide & Monarto.
Thanks again to our 2007 Sponsors! Thanks again to our 2007 Sponsors!
Acrobat Document
CHOMPCHOMPCHOMPCHOMP The Must Have BiscuitThe Must Have BiscuitThe Must Have BiscuitThe Must Have Biscuit
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BSSA Field Research GrantBSSA Field Research GrantBSSA Field Research GrantBSSA Field Research Grant
Thanks to our generous sponsors & quiz night supporters, we were able to offer 2 grants again this year We especially want to thank EmailMe-dia/NRMjobs for their annual contribution of $1000 towards these grants.
The Biology Society of South Australia (BSSA) sponsors an award program to sup-port field research conducted in South Australia relating to the conservation of SA flora or fauna. Honours & postgraduate students are encouraged to apply. The maximum award for any proposal recommended by our review panel will be $2,000.
CONGRATULATIONS TO OUR 2008 GRANT RECIPIENTSCONGRATULATIONS TO OUR 2008 GRANT RECIPIENTSCONGRATULATIONS TO OUR 2008 GRANT RECIPIENTSCONGRATULATIONS TO OUR 2008 GRANT RECIPIENTS
LANA ROEDIGER, PhD LANA ROEDIGER, PhD LANA ROEDIGER, PhD LANA ROEDIGER, PhD
“Population dynamics and reproductive “Population dynamics and reproductive “Population dynamics and reproductive “Population dynamics and reproductive ecology of SA’s viviparous sea star ecology of SA’s viviparous sea star ecology of SA’s viviparous sea star ecology of SA’s viviparous sea star
Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of AdelaideEcology & Evolutionary Biology, University of AdelaideEcology & Evolutionary Biology, University of AdelaideEcology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Adelaide
forforforfor
“Assessing food resources for the South-“Assessing food resources for the South-“Assessing food resources for the South-“Assessing food resources for the South-ern Bandicoot (ern Bandicoot (ern Bandicoot (ern Bandicoot (Isodon obesulus obesu-Isodon obesulus obesu-Isodon obesulus obesu-Isodon obesulus obesu-luslusluslus) in blackberry () in blackberry () in blackberry () in blackberry (Rubrus sp.Rubrus sp.Rubrus sp.Rubrus sp.) and native ) and native ) and native ) and native vegetation of varying densities”vegetation of varying densities”vegetation of varying densities”vegetation of varying densities”
Photo: Simone Linehan
P. parvivipara on
granite rock
(Lana Roediger)
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Creature Feature
Sea stars are conspicuous and successful bottom-dwelling animals that range in
size between 1 and 91 cm. They can survive without food for months and feed on
almost every type of marine organism encountered on the seabed. Feeding strate-
gies can be divided into:
1. scavengers, feeding mainly on decaying fish and invertebrates;
2. deposit feeders, filling their stomachs with mud from which they extract mi-
croscopic organisms and organic matter; and
3. suspension feeders, filtering prey and food particles from the water (e.g., No-
vodinia antillensis).
Some sea stars brood their young and do it in very strange places. Some females
hold their fertilized eggs in a brood space under the arm (e.g., Asterina phylac-
tica), in the stomach (e.g., Leptasterias hexactis), or incubate them in the gonads
(e.g., Patiriella parvivipara). In the last two cases, young develop internally and
escape through small openings the female's body wall!
The South Australian asterinid sea star Patiriella parvivipara is a miniature echi-
noderm with a highly restricted range. It is also the study organism of one of our
grant recipients so I’m sure we’ll be hearing more about this little fella in the near
future.
P. parvivipara on granite rock
(Lana Roediger)
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Urban Biodiversity in Adelaide — SA Urban Forests Million Trees Program
By Tina Bentz
The Urban Biodiversity Unit’s SA Urban Forest Biodiversity Program set out to plant “1 million trees” Now fast forward to a cleaner, greener vision, which has grown to planting 3 million seedlings in the Adelaide Metropolitan region by 2014!
The UBU endeavours to protect and restore native vegetation throughout the urban matrix by planting of millions of seedlings, thereby reducing Adelaide’s ecological footprint. Climate change is now a huge issue in terms of sustaining populations. The implication for alteration of faunal and other floral processes is unavoidable. This may result in the loss of habitat and eventually the loss of native species. Preparing for shifts in population ranges by securing connectivity throughout the South Australian urban landscape is therefore necessary. Thus, the ability to coordinate biodiversity conservation through protection of remnant bushland, habitat restoration and land management on such large scales is imperative to achieving and maintaining functioning ecosystems. The integration of planting on areas including parks, reserves, creeklines, council and private land to provide connectivity for biodiversity conservation, and the inclusion of multiple stakeholders will provide them a vested interest with the project which I feel is essential to ensuring successful ecological outcomes.
I also think that each one of us can make a difference. You can grow a great future for Adelaide by:
♦ Volunteering: be a volunteer tree planter, attend an event or join the mailing list to keep informed about exciting conservation projects throughout the year. Contact [email protected] for more information.
♦ Creating your own Backyard for Wildlife, following these 5 basic steps:
1. Use local native plants which are best adapted for native wildlife and local climate and soil conditions.
2. Use a variety of plant heights to mimic natural habitat.
3. Choose a variety of plants that flower across the seasons to provide food for fauna and colour for your garden.
4. Minimise the impacts that your pets may have on the wildlife living in your garden.
5. Reduce chemicals, and ensure careful use to minimise the impact on native plants, animals and surrounding waterways. Hand pull weeds out if possible.
♦ Checking out the plethora of resources available through the UBU on their website at: www.urbanforest.on.net.
♦ Applying for funding for your own project: Community Funding and Grow a Great School grants are available, applications due in September 2008. Again check out the website for more details.
By putting the community into action, the process of participating in the solution creates a sense of ownership for users of these metropolitan areas. Due to community persistence and awareness, long-term restoration plans and monitoring of these systems over time, programs like this will increase the chance of sustaining biodiversity and functionality in an ever-changing landscape. The environmental benefits are many and I feel the legacy programs such as these will leave future Adelaideans is incalculable in value.
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Predicting the future for the Coorong –
An Update from the CLLAMMecology Project
Dr Dan Rogers, University of Adelaide
The Coorong wetland system has for some time now been a national environmental icon,
thanks largely to its position at the mouth of the Murray-Darling Basin. As you are no doubt
aware, it has in more recent times been increasingly pushed to the forefront of the communi-
ties’ awareness, thanks largely to efforts of a few concerned individuals (primarily the Soci-
ety’s patron, David Paton). However, part of the reason for the current interest in the Co-
orong’s health is that, along with the rest of the river, the Coorong is in pretty bad shape.
But let’s go back one step: why should we be concerned about the plight of the Coorong?
Solely from the perspective of biodiversity, the Coorong supports internationally important
populations of waterbirds, including (but not exclusive to) shorebirds that migrate from the
Arctic Ocean every year. To give some telling examples, Sharp-tailed Sandpipers (Calidris
acuminata) are a small migratory wading bird that make the journey from their breeding
grounds in Siberia to overwinter (during the Austral summer) in wetlands throughout Aus-
tralia. This species is normally considered to have a fairly dispersed wintering distribution,
in that it tends to be found across a wide range of Australian wetlands, albeit in small num-
bers on any one wetland. However, censuses of the Coorong conducted annually since 2000
have found that, typically, more than 20% of the global popu-
lation of “sharpies” use the Coorong to rest and feed in prepa-
ration for the next breeding season. That’s one in five birds on
the planet, for a species whose entire distribution covers half
the globe. And it’s not limited to this species: recent analyses
have demonstrated that the Coorong supports at least 1% of
the global population (a criterion used for listing Wetlands of
International Significance) of at least nine species, including
the increasingly threatened Fairy Tern (Sterna nereis), which
breeds on the Coorong.
Being at the mouth of the Murray-Darling, the Coorong can be considered a pretty sensitive
barometer for environmental change that occurs upstream, and how well the system as a
whole is being managed. We can thus conclude from the current state of the Coorong that the
river system is not being operated in a way that can be considered even close to sustainable.
Since 1985, Australian Pelican (Pelecanus conspicillatus) have declined from breeding popu-
lations in the Coorong South Lagoon of ~6,000 birds, to just 300 in 2008 – a decline of 95%.
Similar stories of decline could be told for a suite of species. These bird declines mirror more
general trends in ecosystem health, that are inexorably linked to changes in the delivery of
(David Mariuz) Fairy Tern
Murray Mouth, DWLBC
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freshwater from the Murray to the Coorong. Much of the popular media on this subject has
been prone to link the current state of the Coorong on this most recent “one-in-a-thousand
year” drought, but it’s critically important to appreciate that, compared to the kinds of flows
that would have reached the Coorong under “natural” conditions (ie in the absence of human
extraction of water), the Coorong has been in a state of drought for at least seven years, and
more like 30 years. What this current drought has done is potentially provide a tipping point,
from which parts of the system may simply not be recoverable. We are fortunate on the Co-
orong, however, in that the main ecological components of the system are still in place, and
there is, therefore still an opportunity for recovery available to us. But the longer we wait,
the smaller this window of opportunity becomes.
Under current conditions of water availability, the way that every
drop of water is allocated comes under pretty heavy scrutiny (as it
should under all conditions), and, for a system like the Coorong,
the environmental water managers need to be able to say with
some degree of certainty what the environmental benefits of pro-
viding x amount of water to system would be. For example, manag-
ers would like to know what the additional benefits of delivering
1,500 gigalitres* of water are, compared to, say, 500, or 0 GL.
Which is where the CLLAMMecology Project comes in – we hope to
be able to provide a tool that can be used to predict the whole-
ecosystem response to alternative environmental scenarios, includ-
ing management scenarios. So, to continue the example, if we were
to find that a proposed delivery of 500 GL provided little additional
benefit over the delivery of no water, then that might make a
strong case to argue for more water to be delivered to the Co-
orong. However, these arguments need to be based on sound sci-
ence.
We are currently in the final throes of the project, and are already beginning to develop some
interesting predictions as to the future state of the Coorong, under alternative future condi-
tions. What these results are beginning to tell us is that, if we continue to operate the river
system under a ‘business as usual’ framework, some components of the Coorong are likely to
fall over fairly rapidly – and soon. The trajectory of the Coorong ecosystems suggest that
some fundamental shifts are required in how we manage this system, and the water re-
sources of the Murray-Darling across the board.
*one gigalitre is equal to 1,000,000,000 (1 thousand million) litres, or 400 olympic-sized
swimming pools (the unofficial unit of volume among water researchers). So 500 GL =
500,000,000,000 litres; sounds like a lot, but to put it in context, the total average flow of wa-
ter in the Murray-Darling is ~10,000 GL – 10,000,000,000,000 litres.
Sharp-tailed Sandpiper
(Jan ‘08 Fiona Paton)
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Mycology, Mycologist,
Mycological…
Mycologically Speaking
By Janet Newell
Potential Quiz Question:
What does a mycologist do?
Answer: Studies fungi
Mycology is traditionally a branch of botany, although
fungi are actually evolutionally more closely related to
animals than plants. Fungi differ from plants as they
lack chlorophyll, are unable to manufacture their own
food and their reproductive units are spores, not
seeds. On germinating, the spores give rise to
filamentous cells called hyphae, which form a web-like
mass, known as mycelium, which spreads through the
substrate, releasing enzymes and absorbing nutrients.
This mycelium is rarely seen, but produces fruiting
bodies, which is the part of the fungus that is usually
observed (e.g mushrooms).
An estimated 250,000 species of fungi are thought to occur in Australia, only 5-10% of which
have been formally described. Most species are microfungi, whose fruiting bodies are not
readily visible to the naked eye, but many are macrofungi, producing conspicuous fruiting
bodies which vary greatly in size, shape and colour.
In recent years there has been a growing interest and
awareness of fungi and their ecological importance.
They are thought to be crucial for the maintenance of
healthy ecosystem functioning through their roles in
nutrient cycling and as decomposers. They are also a
food source for many species such as potoroos,
bettongs and bandicoots.
Ramaria sp. Katie Syme
Falerina sp. Katie Syme
Cortinarius basirubescens Katie Syme
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Fungi can be divided into three categories: saprotrophic, symbiotic and parasitic.
1. Saprotrophic fungi gain their nutrients from dead organic material, playing a vital
ecological role in the decomposing of organic matter and recycling of nutrients.
2. Symbiotic fungi form an association with another living organism which is beneficial to
both. This includes mycorrhizal fungi whose hyphae join to plant rootlets and in return
for the plants providing food, greatly increase the plants capacity to take up water,
nutrients and trace elements. Mycorrhizal fungi are particularly important for many
Australian plant species due to Australia’s nutrient-poor soils.
3. Parasitic fungi obtain nutrients from living organisms with no benefit to the host.
Over the past year I have been working with mycologist Katie Syme surveying the fungi of
the South Coast of Western Australia as part of a ‘Biodiversity Inventory Program’. I have
been blown away by the sheer number and diversity of fungi that is out there once you start
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Protecting South Australia’s Fish, Sharks and Rays
The Conservation Council of South Australia’s (CCSA) Marine Program is proud to announce
the publication of a series of documents to inform and educate all sectors of the community
about South Australia’s fish, sharks and rays.
The documents are available for downloading as pdf files at: www.ccsa.asn.au/fsr
There are 12 fish fact sheets about fish of conservation concern, most of which are not
currently protected:
• Great white shark
• Wobbegongs (ornate and spotted)
• Harlequin fish
• Coastal stingaree
• Blue groper (photo inset, Vicki Billings)
• Blue devil
• Congolli
• White-nosed pigfish
• Gobies
• Rock ling
• Sygnathids
• Golden roughy and little pineapple fish
The fact sheets include information about life history and biology, as well as the
characteristics of their lives that make them vulnerable to various threats. Other sheets
include:
• Introduction
• Threats overview
• Legislative response options
• State and federal responses (non-legislative)
• Responses for NRM boards, local governments, community groups and individuals
• References
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Please feel free to access these documents and use the information to guide your activities
and actions at an individual and community level. What could you or your local community
group do to contribute to the welfare of South Australian marine fish?
The work upon which these documents is based is that of marine ecologist, Janine Baker.
Not only is Janine a marine scientist, but she is one of several on the Reef Watch Steering
Committee and regularly contributes her time, skills and knowledge to the program. During
the past decade she has collected and summarised a vast quantity of information about
South Australian fish species of conservation concern to assist education, conservation and
management. Her e-book will be available soon on a new Reef Watch website.
Information for each species includes:
Current conservation status
Distribution
Southern Australia and New Zealand
South Australia
Habitat
Notes on the biology
Age and growth
Diet and feeding behaviour
Migration/aggregation
Reproduction
Fisheries information
Commercial - Australia
Commercial – New Zealand
Recreational
Vulnerable characteristics of the species, and threatening processes
Research requirements
Management requirements
Janine will continue to collect and publish data on bony and cartilaginous fishes. Then she
intends to do a similar volume on selected groups of South Australian marine invertebrates.
Alex Gaut, Marine Program Coordinator, CCSA
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All field trips are carried out under the auspices, supervision & insurance provisions of the organisations offering the work, not the Biology Society. It is your
responsibility to check with the organisation & determine the arrangements you need to make for insurance, liability etc.
One week or more *BSSA see website for more details
Sexual dimorphism and the impacts of harvesting in the scorpion Urodacus
elongatus
Mt. Remarkable National Park,
Mambray Creek, S.A.
Collection of environmental data at sites along an environmental
gradient from the gully into the ranges
munr0016@ flinders.edu.au
June 30-July 6
Your Project Here!!
Simpson Desert Ecological Expeditions
Simpson Desert Reptile & small
mammal trapping & vegetation surveys
Aaron Greenville 02 9351 8577 02 9351 3134
Email: aarong@ bio.usyd.edu.au
Various in 2008
Koonamore NE pastoral area, north of Yunta
Gathering veg data & general reserve maintenance
Russ Sinclair russell.sinclair
@adelaide.edu.au
November/ December 2008
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The Aims of the Biology Society of South Aus-
tralia are: • To develop & maintain contact between people
with an interest in field biology & the conserva-tion & management of natural resources in South Australia.
• Provide fieldwork opportunities, either directly through the society’s own activities, or, more commonly, by advertising requests for assis-tance by professional ecologists or conservation organisations.
• Organise field camps to provide additional op-portunities for members to assist with field-based biological studies.
• Seek government support for field-based activi-ties relevant to the conservation & management of South Australian biota.
• Provide independent comment on proposals that impact the status of biodiversity.
Membership is open to anyone with an interest in field biology & gaining research skills through volunteering. General Meetings BSSA meets quarterly at the University of Adelaide. Our meetings are on the 2nd Thursday of every March, May, August & September at 5.30 pm. At each meeting there is a guest speaker as well as an opportunity to meet friendly, like-minded people including practising biologist who work in your field of interest. Please join us for beers & nibbles on these relaxing & educational Thursday evenings. Annual Quiz Night BSSA holds an annual quiz night on the 2nd Friday in October at Burnside Community Centre. See our website for further details. Enquiries Membership enquiries should be directed to the Membership Officer, Grace Chan at email: [email protected] Activities suggestions & advertising for volunteers to help with your research should be directed to [email protected] General enquiries about the society can be made to BSSA at [email protected] Tel: (08) 8303 7269 , Fax: (08) 8303 6222
BSSA Membership Form Name: ……………………………………………... Address: …………………………………………... City, State, Code: …………………………………. Telephone: ………………………………………... E-mail: ……………………………………………... How would you like to receive your quarterly news- letter? Electronically Sent to the address above Sent to the alternate address below Alternate Address: …………………………………………………….. City, State, Code: …………………………………. Telephone: ………………………………………... E-mail: ……………………………………………... Annual Membership $10 Is this a new membership or a renewal? Please state your main biological interests (certain taxa, etc.) ………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………. ………………………………………………………. Please send your membership form along with $10 membership fee to: BSSA Membership Officer C/- Ecology & Evolutionary Biology
School of Earth & Environmental Sciences DX650-312 THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SA 5005 AUSTRALIA
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Sender:
Biology Society of South Australia, Inc. Ecology & Evolutionary Biology School of Earth & Environmental Sciences DX650-312 THE UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE SA 5005
