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NIH-funded study uses new technology to peek deep into the brain http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/7936543-nihfunded...

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NIH-funded study uses new technology to peek deepinto the brainHartford : CT : USA | Jan 19, 2011By LouiseRoys 1 0

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Changes within deep regions of the brain can now be visualized at the cellular level, based on research on mice,which was funded by the National Institutes of Health. Published in Nature Medicine, the study used agroundbreaking technique to explore cellular-level changes over a period of weeks within deep brain regions,providing a level of detail not possible with previously available methods. The study was supported by theNational Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), the National Cancer Institute, and the National Institute ofNeurological Disorders and Stroke.

Researchers at Stanford University used time-lapse fluorescence microendoscopy, a technique that usesminiature probes to directly visualize specific cells over a period of time, to explore structural changes that occurin neurons as a result of tumor formation and increased stimulation in the mouse brain. This could lead to greaterinformation on how the brain adapts to changing situations, including repeated drug exposure.

"Continued drug use leads to changes in neuronal circuits that are evident well after a person stops taking anaddictive substance," said Dr. Nora D. Volkow, director of NIDA. "This study demonstrates an innovativetechnique that allows for a glimpse of these cellular changes within the brain regions implicated in drug reward,providing an important tool in our understanding and treatment of addiction."

Investigators focused on two brain regions within the study, the hippocampus and striatum. The striatum, a brainregion important for motor function and habit formation, is also a major target for abused drugs. Someresearchers believe that a shift in activity within the striatum is at least partly responsible for the progressionfrom voluntary drug-taking to addiction. This new technique could allow a better understanding of how theseprocesses occur at the cellular level, leading to insights into mechanisms underlying addictive behaviors.

"The results should now allow neuroscientists to track longitudinally in the living brain the effects of drugs ofabuse at the levels of neural circuitry, the individual neuron, and neuronal dendrites," said Dr. Mark Schnitzer,corresponding author for the article. "For example, our imaging methods work well in the dorsal striatum, whichwe have followed with microscopic resolution over weeks in the live brain. This should permit researchersinterested in the reward system to address a range of issues that were previously out of reach."

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The study can be found online at http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.2292. The National Institute on Drug Abuse(NIDA) is a component of the National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.NIDA supports most of the world's research on the health aspects of drug abuse and addiction. The Institutecarries out a large variety of programs to inform policy and improve practice. Fact sheets on the health effects ofdrugs of abuse and information on NIDA research and other activities can be found on the NIDA home page atwww.drugabuse.gov. To order publications in English or Spanish, call NIDA's new DrugPubs researchdissemination center at 1-877-NIDA-NIH or 240-645-0228 (TDD) or fax or email requests to 240-645-0227 orhttp://mailto:[email protected]. Online ordering is available at http://drugpubs.drugabuse.gov. NIDA'snew media guide can be found at http://drugabuse.gov/mediaguide/.

The National Institutes of Health (NIH) — The Nation's Medical Research Agency — includes 27 Institutes andCenters and is a component of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. It is the primary federalagency for conducting and supporting basic, clinical and translational medical research, and it investigates thecauses, treatments, and cures for both common and rare diseases. For more information about NIH and itsprograms, visit www.nih.gov.

LouiseRoys is based in Lowell, Indiana, United States of America, and is Anchor for AllvoicesReport Credibility

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READ MORE: Health Medical Pharma, brain regions, Nora D. Volkow, National Institutes of Health, MarkSchnitzer, drug abuse, technology-news, Hartford, addiction, psychology, National Institute of Mental Health,Striatum, Neuroinformatics, Neuroscientist, medicine, Nida, National Institute on Drug AbuseMore News From: Hartford : CT : USA Advertisement

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