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Connective Tissue Components
3 major components of connective tissue:
Extracellular fibers, Ground substance, Cells_______________ ________ = Extracellular fibers + Ground
substanceMatrix surrounds and separates the cells, providing
important structural and nutritional support to them, allowing them to be farther apart than epithelial cells.
1. Ground substanceLiquid, solid, or gel
2. Extracellular fibersCollagenous, Reticular, Elastic
3. CellsFixed cells
Fibroblasts, Adipocytes (fat cells), Reticular cellsWandering cells
Mast cells, Leukocytes (white blood cells), Macrophages (fixed and wandering)
Connective Tissue Components: Ground Substance
Composed of glycoproteins called __________________ (GAGs)
hyaluronic acid
Help to orient fiber formation in connective tissue.
Is medium through which cells exchange nutrients and waste with the __________ ___________.
Acts as shock absorbing cushion and helps to protect the delicate cells that it surrounds.
Fibers of Connective TissueCollagenous:
Most common fiber found in the body
Strong, thick bands organized into bundles, composed of ____________ (structural protein).
Resist ___________ forces, so they are found in tendons and ligaments that are continuously being pulled and stretched.wavy appearance when not
stretched
Fibers of Connective TissueReticular:
Composed of collagenThin, delicate, ____________ into
complicated networks.Form support around highly
____________ organsendocrine glands, lymph nodes, spleen,
bone marrow, liver
Elastic:Composed primarily of protein
________.Are branched and form networksCan stretch and contract.Found in tissues that stretch: vocal
cords, lungs, skin, blood vessel walls.
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
Fixed Cells:Remain in the connective tissueProduce and maintain the __________
Fibroblast:secrete fibers and ground substance of the matrixCan reproduce and are metabolically active.Name is based on _________.
o Chondroblast (cartilage), osteoblast (bone), etc.
As the cells mature and the matrix is formed, cells become less active and suffix is changed to –_______. o Chondrocyte, osteocyte, fibrocyteo Can revert back to blast if more matrix is needed.
Major Cell Types of Connective TissueFixed cells continued.
Adipose cells/Adipocytes:Found throughout connective tissueResemble fibroblasts early on, but as
they age they become filled with lipid and swell.__________ gets pushed to the side
Adipocytes clustered together form _________ tissue.found all over, but is prominent under
the skin and in the abdomen
Reticular Cells:Flat, star-shaped cells that form net-
like connections with other cellsManufacture reticular fibers.Found in tissues of the immune system:
lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
Wandering Cells:Move in and out of connective tissue as needed. Help _______ and _________ the tissue
Leukoctyes: (white blood cells)Found in blood, move into connective tissue during periods of
infection/inflammation.Squeeze through the simple squamous epithelium of blood vessels
(diapedesis) Important in immune function- engulf and digest invaders or
produce antibodies against them
Mast cells Carry histamine and heparin granules which initiate
inflammatory response when released into tissueUsually found near blood vessels
Major Cell Types of Connective Tissue
Wandering cells continued..
Macrophages:
___________ scavengers that may be either fixed or transient in connective tissue.
Engulf microbes, dead cells and debris that are digested by the macrophage’s lysosomesdrawn to sites of infection where
they engulf invaders
Types of Connective TissueConnective Tissue Proper:
Loose Connective Tissue- supports structures that it surroundsAreolar, Adipose, Reticular
Dense Connective Tissue- highly fibrous (collagen); little vascularization, ground substance, or cells; reinforces and binds structuresDense regular, Dense irregular, Elastic
Specialized Connective Tissue:Cartilage
Hyaline, Elastic, FibrocartilageBone
Compact, CancellousBlood
Loose Connective
Tissue: Areolar
Most common type of connective tissueSurrounds every organActs to support and cushion
organs and other delicate structures.
Predominant cell is ____________.
Has “_______” spaces that are filled with fluid and viscous ground substance
Filling of open spaces during trauma is called __________
Commonly known as ________ Found beneath skin, in bone marrow, in abdomen Energy storage, insulator, shock absorber Highly vascularized areolar tissue in which adipocytes
predominate Cells __________/__________ based on amount of lipid being stored in
them.
May be classified as:
White:Found throughout bodyAdipocytes change from resembling fibroblasts to filling with lipid
Brown:Found in _________ and ____________ animalsSite of heat production, temperature regulationLoose Connective Tissue:
Adipose
Loose Connective Tissue: Reticular
Framework for spleen, liver, lymph nodes, bone marrowCalled _________
Contains only one type of fiber: ___________
Many fibroblasts
Dense Connective
Tissue: RegularMakes up tendons and
ligaments, fascia
Tightly packed,__________ collagen fibers
Little vascularization, slow to heal
Little ground substance
Fibroblasts line the collagen bundles
Resists strong pulling forces in _____ direction.
Dense Connective
Tissue: Irregular
Found in dermis, organ capsules
Forms tough capsule of joints.
Collagen fibers in thicker bundles than those in dense regular connective tissue.
Sheets of collagen in ___________ directions.
Single sheet that can withstand pulling force from _______ different directions.
Dense Connective Tissue: Elastic
Found in areas of the body that require ___________:Stomach, artery
walls, bladder
Beneath transitional epithelium in urinary tract
High concentration of elastic fibers (more than collagen) that are extremely flexible.
Specialized Connective Tissue: Cartilage
More rigid than dense connective tissue, more flexible than bone.
Prevents bones from rubbing against each other.
Does not contain nerves or blood vessels.Receives nutrition from ________________.
Chondrocytes live in pockets called _______
3 types of cartilage:Hyaline cartilage, Elastic Cartilage, Fibrocartilage
Specialized Connective Tissue: Types of CartilageHyaline Cartilage
Most common type of cartilage found in body.Found as ____________ cartilage at end of long
bones and joints and connects ribs to the sternum.
Most rigid type of cartilage.Closely packed collagen fibers that make it
tough but more flexible than bone.
Elastic CartilageSimilar to hyaline cartilage but contains
_________ fibersGive it flexibility, ability to bend
Found in pinnae, epiglottis
Specialized Connective Tissue: Types of Cartilage
Fibrocartilage
Found between vertebrae, in pelvis, and in knee joint
Able to handle compression, absorbs ______
Thick bundles of collagen, but few chondrocytes
Specialized Connective Tissue: Bone
Also called osseous connective tissue Hardest and most rigid type of
connective tissue
StructureMatrix – collagen fibers and calcium
salts____________- tiny channels through
matrix that allows osteocytes to communicate
_________- chambers where osteocytes reside
Blood Supply- __________ canals (channels in bone that carry blood supply and nerves)
Cells- Osteoclasts and osteoblastsRemodel bone as needed
Specialized Connective Tissue: Blood
Most atypical type of connective tissue.
Carries nutrients and gases through the body
Matrix: _______ (plasma) Fibers: few and only visible in
a _____Cells:
Erythrocytes (______ blood cells)Leukocytes (________ blood cells)Thrombocytes (________)