I. GENERAL CONSIDERATIONSChapters 1 and 2 (Cruz, Philippine Political Law, latest ed.)Art. XII, 1987 ConstitutionSecs. 1, 4(2) & 5 (2)(A), Art. VIII, 1987 Consti.

A. Political Law, defined B. Branches of Political LawC. Constitutional Law, defined

D. Constitutional Democracy and Constitutionalism

E. Constitution, defined- Sinco, Philippine Political Law

The Social Contract Theory (of Hobbes, Locke, & Rousseau)

Meaning of Constitution

Purpose and role of a Constitution

The Doctrine of Supremacy of the Constitution

Classifications of Constitutions

Essential Qualities of a good written Constitution

Essential parts of a good written Constitution

Methods of Constitutions interpretation and ConstructionIn general (Textualism, Originalism, Holistic, Political and Moral Right Theory (Dworkinian), Critical Theory)

In Philippine Constitutionalism

Francisco, Jr. v. House of Representatives, GR. 160261, Nov. 10, 2003

Presumption in Constitutional interpretation

Constitution is self-executing Collector of Customs v. Villaluz, 71 SCRA 356 Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, Gr. No. 122156, Feb. 3, 1997

Constitution is MandatoryConstitution is prospective

Amendments and Revision Chapter 18, Cruz, Philippine Political Law (latest ed.) Art. XVII, 1987 Constitution

Methods of Changing the Constitution1

Congress acting as Constituent AssemblyConstitutional ConventionPeople’s Initiative (Amendment only)

Defensor-Santiago v. Comelec Gr. No. 127325, March 19, 1997

Lambino v. Comelec G.R. No. 174153, Oct. 25, 2006

Amendment v. Revision Lambino v. Comelec, supra.

Steps/stages in Amendment/Revision process

Proposal (3 methods) Lambino v. Comelec, supra In re Subido, 35 SCRA 1 Imbong v. Comelec, 35 SCRA 28

Ratification-the doctrine of Fair and Proper Submission-Gonzales v. Comelec, 21 SCRA 774-Almario v. Alba, 127 SCRA 69-Occena v. Comelec, 95 SCRA 755-Tolentino v. Comelec, 41 SCRA 702

Judicial Review of Amendments/Revisions

Gonzales v. Comelec, supra Tolentino v. Comelec, supra Planas v. Comelec, 49 SCRA 105 Javellana v. Executive Secretary, 50 SCRA 50 Sanidad v. Comelec, 73 SCRA 333

Theories on the position of Constitutional Convention in relation to the regular department of the Government

Theory of Conventional SovereigntyInferiority of Constitutional ConventionIndependence and Co-equality Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil. 1

F. The Constitution and the JudiciaryJudicial Power

sec. 1, Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution

a. Judicial Powerb. Judicial Review

i. Ordinary Judicial Review (Constitutional Review)ii. Expanded Judicial Review (Extraordinary Certiorari Jurisdiction)

2

Bondoc v. Pineda, 201 SCRA 792

The doctrine of Supremacy of the Constitution Angara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil. 139

How Judicial Review is exercised Sec. 4(2), Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution

Who may exercise Judicial Review Sec. 1, 4(2) & 5(2)(A), Art. VIII, 1987 Constitution Mirasol v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 128448, Feb. 1, 2001

Functions of Judicial ReviewChecking LegitimatingSymbolic

Salonga v. Paño, 134 SCRA 438 Acop v. Guingona, G.R. No. 134855, July 2, 2002

Requisites of Judicial Review

a. Actual Case or Controversy; Ripeness of Controversy PACU v. Secretary of Education, 97 Phil. 806 Tan v. Macapagal, 43 SCRA 678 Dumlao v. Comelec, 95 SCRA 392 Lacson v. Perez, G.R. No. 147780, May 10, 2001 Enrile v. Senate Electoral Tribunal and Pimentel, G.R. No. 132986,

May 19, 2004 Ople v. Torres, 293 SCRA 141 Didipio Earth-Savers’ Multi-purpose Association, Incorporated

(DESAMA) v. Gozun, G.R. No. 157882, March 30, 2006 Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, G.R. No. 169777, April 20,

2006 Prof. Randolf S. David v. Gloria Macapaga-Arroyo, G.R. No.

171396, May 3, 2006

b. Legal Standing (Locu Standi) Dumlao v. Comelec, supra De Guia v. Comelec, G.R. No. 104712, May 6, 1992 Oposa v. Factoran, Jr. 224 SCRA 792 Macasiano v. National Housing Authority, 224 SCRA 236 Tatad v. Garcia 243 SCRA 436 Telecommunications and Broadcast Attorneys of the Philippines v.

Comelec, 289 SCRA 337 Kilosbayan v. Guingona, Jr., 232 SCRA 110 Kilosbayan v. Morato, G.R. No. 118910, July 17, 1995 Integrated Bar of the Philippines v. Zamora, G.R. No. 141284,

August 15, 2000 Bagong Alyansang Makabayan v. Zamora, 342 SCRA 449 (2000) Lim v. Executive Secretary, 380 SCRA 739 (2202)

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Chavez v. Public Estates Authority, G.R. No. 133250, July 9, 2002 Automotive Industry Workers Alliance (AIWA) v. Romulo, G.R. No.

157509, Jan. 18, 2005 Jumamil v. Café, G.R. No. 144570, Sept. 21, 2005 Prof. Randolf S. David v. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, supra.

i. Requisites for Taxpayers Suit, Lawmakers Suit, Voters Suit, and Concerned Citizens Suit.

Tan v. Macapagal, supra Demetria v. Alba, G.R. No. 71977, Feb. 27, 1987 Gonzales v. Narvasa, G.R. No. 140835, August 14,

2000 Prof. Randolf S. David v. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo,

supra

ii. The Paramount Importance Doctrine Kilosbayan v. Guingona, Jr., supra Lim v. Executive Secretary, supra

iii. Locus Standi Requirement in “On Its Face” attack (Facial Challege) [as oppose to “As Applied” attack] Statutes and the Doctrines of “Strict scrutiny”, “overbreath”, “void-for-vagueness”

Estrada v. Sandiganbayan, G.R. No. 148560, Nov. 19, 2001

c. The Constitutional question must be raise at the ealiest possible opportunity; exceptions

Umali v. Guingona, G.R. No. 131124, March 29, 1999 Tijam v. Sibonghanoy, 23 SCRA 29 (1968). Ballesteros v. Abion, G.R. No. 143361, Feb. 9, 2006 Mangaliag v. Hon. Catubig-Pastoral, G.R. No. 143951, Oct. 25,

2005d. The decision on the Constitutional question must be determinative

of the case itself (the Constitutional question must be the very lis mota)

Laurel v. Garcia, 187 SCRA 797 Sotto v. Comelec, 76 Phil. 516

Effects of Declaration of Uncostitutionalitya. The Orthodox Viewb. The Modern View- Article 7, New Civil Code of the Phils.- Serano de Agbayani v. PNB, 38 SCRA 429

Partial Unconstitutionality; Conditions- Salazar v. Achacoso, 183 SCRA 145

G. The 1987 Philippine Constitution- Lawyers League for a Better Phils. V. Pres. Aquino, G.R. Nos. 73748, 73972, 73990, May 22, 1986

- In Re Saturnino Bermudez, G.R. No. 76180, Oct. 24, 19864

- De Leon v. Esguerra, 153 SCRA 602

- In Re: Justice Renato S. Puno, AM No. 90-11-2697-CA, June 29, 1992

II. THE PHILIPPINES AS A STATERead:

- Chapters 3 and 4, Cruz, Isagani A., “Phil. Political Law” (latest ed.)

- Artcles I, IV, 1987 Constitution

- Assigned casesA. State, defined

-The Province of North Cotabato v. GRP, G.R. No. 183591, Oct. 14, 2008

-Collector of Internal Revenue v. Campos Rueda, 42 SCRA 23

B. State, distinguished from Nation, from Government

C. TerritoryArticle I, 1987 Constitution

(Cruz, latest ed.)D. People

1. Different Concepts of “people”

2. citizenshipII.1 Importance

-Lee v. Dir. Of Lands, G.R. No. 128195, Oct. 3, 2001

II.2 Modes of Acquisition; Citizens of the Phils.-Tecson v. Comelec, G.R. No. 161434, March 3, 2004

-Valles v. Comelec, 337 SCRA 543 (2000)

-Re: Application of Ching, Bar Matter No. 914, Oct. 1, 1999

-Bengson III v. HRET, G.R. No. 142840, May 7, 2001

-Co v. HRET, 199 SCRA 692II.3 Naturalization: Judicial, Administrative, Congressional

-Commonwealth Act No. 473

-RA No. 530-Moya v. Commissioner, 41 SCRA 292-Republic v. Dela Rosa, G.R. No. 104654, June 6, 1994-Republic v. Liyao, 214 SCRA 748

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II.4 Loss of citizenship-Bengson v. HRET, supra

-Coquilla v. Comelec, G.R. No. 151914, July 31, 2002

II.5 Reacquisition-Frivaldo v. Comelec, 257 SCRA 731-Angat v. Republic, G.R. No. 132244, Sept. 14, 1999-Altarejos v. Comelec, G.R. No. 163256, Nov. 10, 2004

II.6 Dual citizenship and dual allegianceCitizenship Reacquisition Act of 2003-Mercado v. Manzano, 307 SCRA 630-Calilung v. Datumanong, G.R. No. 160869, May 11, 2007

E. Sovereignty-Sinco, Phil. Political Law-Reagan v. CIR, 30 SCRA 968-Sovereignty-Modern: A new approach to an Outdated concept by John Jackson at www.asil.org/ajil/jackson.pdf

F. Sovereign Immunity: Doctrine of Non-suability of State1. Basis

-Section 3, Art. XVI, 1987 Constitution-Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 83

2. Suit Against State-Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424-Del Mar v. PVA, 51 SCRA 340-PNB v. CIR, 81 SCRA 314-Lansang v. CA, G.R. No. 102667, Feb. 23, 2000-Calub v. Court of Appeals

3. Consent-Republic v. Feliciano, 148 SCRA 424-Meritt v. GPI, 34 Phil 311-Act No. 3083-USA v. Ruiz, 136 SCRA 487-Commissioner of Public Highways v. Burgos, 96 SCRA 831

G. Government 1. Government in General, defined

-US v. Dorr, 2 Phil 322 (at 339)

2. Government of the Phils.-section 2, Administrative Code of the Phils.-Estrada v. Arroyo, supra

3. Kinds of Government -Co Kim Cham v. Tan Keh, Sept. 17, 1945-Lawyers League for Better Phils v. Aquino, supra

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4. Functions of Government: Ministrant and Constituent

5. Doctrines of Parens Patriae-GP v. Monte de Piedad, G.R. No. 9959, Dec. 13, 1916

III. STATE PRINCIPLES AND POLICIESRead:

-Chapter 5, Cruz, Isagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)-Preamble 1987 Constitution-Article II, 1987 Constitution-Assigned cases

1. Nature of:a. The Preambleb. The declaration of Principles and State Policies-Basco v. PAGCOR, G.R.No. 91649, May 14, 1991, 197 SCRA 52-Kilosbayan Inc. v. Morato, G.R. No. 118910, 246 SCRA 540-Manila Prince Hotel v. GSIS, G.R. No. 122156, Feb. 3,1997-Tañada v. Angara, G.R. No. 118295, May 2, 1997

2. State Principles (sec. 1-6, Article II)a. Sovereignty of the people and republicanism

Read: Concurring opinion of Justice Mendoza inEstrada v. Arroyo, supra

Read: Dissenting opinion of Justice Puno in Tolentino et al. v. Comelec, GR. No, 148334, Jan. 21, 2004

b. Adherence to International LawPhillip Morris v. Court of Appeals, GR. No. 91332, July 16, 1993Sec. of Justice vs. Lantion, GR. 139465, Jan. 18, 2000Compare: Doctrine of Transformation

Govt. of USA v. Purganan, GR 148571, Dec. 17, 2002

c. Civilian Supremacy

d. Government as protector of the people, and people as defenders of the State

e. Separation of Church and StateArt. III, Section 5Art. IX ©, sec. 2 (5)Art. VI, Sec. 5 (2)

Exceptions:Art. VI, Sec. 28 (3), Sec. 29 (2)Art. XIV, Sec. 3 (3), Sec. 4 (2)Aglipay v. Ruiz, 64 Phil. 201

3. State Policies (sec. 7-28, Article II)7

a. Independent foreign policy and nuclear-free Philippineb. Just and dynamic social order

b.1. Social Justice (sec. 10);-Calalang v. Williams, 70 Phil 726

b.2. Human rights (sec. 11)b.3. Equality of Men and Women (sec. 14)b.4. Promotion of Health and Ecology (Sec. 15, 16);

-Oposa v. Factoran, 224 SCRA 792)b.5. Priority of Education, Science, Technology, Arts, Culture & Sports (Sec. 17)b.6. Urban Land Reform and Housing (Art. III, Sec. 9-10)b.7. Reform in Agriculture and Other Nat. Res. (sec. 21)b.8. Protection to Labor (Sec.18)b.9. Independent People’s Organization (sec. 19)b.10. Family (sec. 12)b.11. Self-reliant and Independent economic order (sec. 19-20)b.12. Communication and Information (Sec. 24)b13. Autonomy of Local Governments (Sec. 25)b.14. Rights of indigenous cultural communities (sec. 22)b.15. Honest Public Service and Full Disclosure (sec. 27)

-Valmonte v. Belmonte, 170 SCRA 256,

IV. POWERS AND STRUCTURE OF PHILIPPINE GOVERNMENT IN GENERALRead: -Chapter 6 & 7, Cruz, Isagni A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-assigned cases-Separate Opinion, Justice Puno, Macalintal v. Comelec, et al. GR No.157013, July 10, 2003

A. Doctrine of Separation of Powers

B. Doctrine of Non-delegation of Legislative Powers-Pp. v. Vera, 65 Phil 56 (facts and pp. 112-125 only)-Edu v. Ericta, 35 SCRA 481-ACCFA v, CUGCO, 30 SCRA 649-Eastern Shipping Lines v. POEA, 166 SCRA 533

Exceptions:1. secs. 23(2) and 28 (2) – delegation to the President2. secs. 32, Art. VI – delegation to the people3. Art. X, sec. 5 – delegation to the LGUs4. Delegation to Administrative agencies

Test of valid delegation1. Completeness test2. Sufficient Standard Test

Cases:-Eastern Shipping Lines, Inc. v. POEA, supra-Tatad v. Secretary of the Department of energy, 281 SCRA 330 (1997)-Santiago v. Comelec, 270 SCRA 106 (1997)

The Doctrine of “Potestas delegata non delegari potest”; Exception

-Kilusang Mayo Uno Labor Center v. Garcia, Jr., 239 SCRA 386 (1994)-American Tobacco Co. v. Director of Patents, 67 SCRA 287 (1975)

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V. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT: STRUCTURERead: -Chapter 8, Cruz, Isagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Article VI, 1987 Contitution-Assigned Cases

A. COMPOSITION-Sema v. Comelec, GR no. 177597, July 16, 2008

a.1. Senate (secs. 2-4)a.2. House of Representatives (secs. 5-8)

Republic Act No. 7941Tobias v. Abalos, GR No. L-114783, Dec. 8, 1994Mariano, Jr. v. Comelec, GR no. 118577, March 7, 1995Veterans Federation Party v. Comelec, 342 SCRA 244Bantay Republic Act or BA-RA 7941 v. Comelec, GR NO. 177271, May 4,

2007Citizen’s Battle Against Corruption (CIBAC) v. Comelec, GR No. 172103,

April 13, 2007Bagong Bayani-OFW v. Comelec, GR No. 147589, June 26, 2001Torayno v. Comelec, GR. No. 137329, August 9, 2000BANAT v. Comelec, GR No. 179271, April 21, 2009 (en Banc)

B. QUALIFICATIONS AND TERMS OF OFFICESocial Justice Society v. Dangerous Drugs Board, GR No. 157870, Nov. 3, 2008

b.1 Residence requirement Macalintal v. Comelec, et al., supraRead also Separate opinion of Justice Puno

b.2 Term vs. TenureDimaporo v. Mitra, 202 SCRA 779Gaminde v. COA, GR. NO. 140335, Dec. 13, 2000

C. ELECTION (secs. 8-9)Tolentino, et al. v. Comelec, GR No. 148334, Jan. 21, 2004Macalintal v. Comelec, July 10, 2003

D. ORGANIZATION AND SESSIONSd.1. Election of Officers (sec. 16 (1))d.2. Quorum (sec.16 (2))

Avelino v. Cuenco, 83 Phil 17d.3. Rules of Proceedings (sec. 16 (3), 21)

Arroyo v. De Venecia, GR No. 127255, Aug. 14, 1997d.4. Discipline of members (sec. 16 (3))

Alejandrino v. Quezon, 46 phil 83Osmeña v. Pendatun, 109 Phil 863Santiago v. Sandiganbayan, GR. No. 126055, April 19, 2001

d.5. Journal and Congressional Records (sec. 16 (4))

d.5.a The enrolled Bill Theory9

Mabanag v. Lopez Vito, 78 Phil 1Casco v. Gimenez, 7 SCRA 347

d.5.b. Probative Value of JournalUS v. Pons, 34 Phil 729

d.5.c. Matters to be entered into the Journal(a) yeas and nays on 3rd and final reading (sec. 26 (2))(b) veto message of the President (sec. 27 (1))(c) yeas and nays on repassing of vetoed bill (id)(d) yeas and nays on any question upon request of 1/5 of members

present (sec. 16 (4))

d.5.d. journal entry rule v. Enrolled Bill TheoryAstorga v. Villegas, 56 SCRA 714Morales v. Subido, 27 SCRA 131Arroyo v. de Venecia, 277 SCRA 268

E. CONGRESSIONAL RECORDS (sec. 16 (4), par. 2)F. SESSIONS

f.1. Regular sessions (secs. 15 and 16 (5))f.2. Special sessions

sec. 15Art. VII, Sec. 10-11Art. VII, Sec. 18, par. 3

f.3. Joint sessionsf.3.a Voting separately

Art. VII, sec. 4, 11 (4), 9Sec. 23 (1)Art. XVII, sec. 1 (1)

f.3.b. Voting JointlyArt. VII, sec. 18

G. CONSTITUTIONAL ORGANS WITHIN CONGRESSg.1. Electoral Tribunals (sec. 17 and 19)

g.1.a CompositionTañada v. Cuenco, 103 Phil 1051

g.1.b. FunctionAngara v. Electoral Commission, 63 Phil 139Barbers v. Comelec, GR. No. 165691, June 22, 2005Limkaichong v. Comelec, GR. No. 179120, Biraogo v. Nograles;G.R. No. 179132-33, Paras v. Nograles; GR. Nos. 179240-41, Villando v. Comelec, GR Nos. 178831-32, April 1, 2009

g.1.c. Judicial ReviewCo. v. Electoral Tribunal, 199 SCRA 692Guerrero v. Comelec, GR No. 137004, july 26, 2000Pimentel v. HRET, GR. No. 141489, nov. 29, 2002Codilla v. de Venecia, GR. No. 150605, Dec. 10, 2002

g.2. Commission on Appointments 9secs. 18 and 19)10

guingona jr. v. Gonzales, GR No. 106971, Oct. 20, 1992Coseting v. Mitra, 187 SCRA 377Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496

H. SALARIESSection 10Art. XVIII, Sec. 17

I. PRIVILEGESi.1. Freedom from arrest (sec. 11)

Martinez v. Morfe 44 SCRA 22i.2.Privilege of speech and debate

Jimenez v. Cabangbang, 17 SCRA 876People v. Jalosjos, GR no. 132 SCRA 875

J. RESTRICTIONS (secs. 13, 14, 12, 20)Adaza v. Pacana, Jr., 135 SCRA 431Puyat v. De Guzman, 113 SCRA 31

j.1. appearance as counselVillegas v. Legaspi, GR No. 53869, March 25, 1982

VI. LEGISLATIVE DEPARTMENT: POWERSRead: -Chapter 9, Cruz, Izagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Article VI, 1987 Constitution-Part I of Legislative Investigations and Right to Privacy By: Hon. Reynato S. Puno, The Lawyers Review, April 30, 2005Assigned cases

A. GENERAL PLENARY POWERS (sec 26)

B. LEGISLATIVE MILL (How does a bill become a law?)

C. REQUIREMENTS AS TO BILLSc.1. Subject and Title (sec 26)

Cruz v. Paraz, 123 scra 569

c.2. As to specific laws (Art. VII, sec 22)secs. 24-25Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, 235 SCRA 630Demetria v. Alba, 148 SCRA 208Sec 29Guingona v. Carague, 196 SCRA 221Abakada Guro v. Ermita, GR No. 168056, Sept. 1, 2005 (En Banc)Sec 28Art. XIV, sec. 4(3) and (4)Lung Center v. Quezon City, GR No. 144104, June 29, 2004

c.3. Procedure for Passage of Billssec. 26(2)Tolentino v. Sec. of Finance, 235 SCRA 630Farinas v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 147387, Dec. 10, 2003

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c.4. Presidential Veto (sec. 27)Bolinao Electronic Corp. v. Valencia, 11 SCRA 486Gonzalez v. Macaraig, 191 SCRA 452PHILCONSA v. Enriquez, GR No. 113105, August 19, 1994

c.5. Effectivity of Laws Tañada v. Tuvera, 136 SCRA 27EO 200, June 18, 1987PVB Employees v. Judge Vera, GR No. 105364, June 18, 2001

c.6. Initiative and ReferendumR.A. No. 6735, August 4, 1989Garcia v. Comelec, GR no. 111230, September 30, 1994

D. LIMITATIONS TO POWER OF LEGISLATIONd.1. Express Limitations

Art. IIISec. 26, 28Art. XIV, sec. 4(3)Sec. 29-31

d.2. Implied Substantive Limitationsd.2.a. Non-delegation of Legislative Powers; Exceptionsd.2.b. Prohibition against passage of irrepealable laws

d.3. Procedural Limitations (sec. 26-27)phil. Judges Association v. Prado, 227 SCRA 703

E. AIDS TO LEGISLATIONRead: Part 1 of Legislative Investigations and Right to Privacy

By: hon. Reynato S. PunoThe Lawyers Review, April 30, 2005

e.1. Question Hour (sec. 22)Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, GR No. 169777, April 20, 2006

e.2. Legislative Investigations (sec. 21)Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, GR No. 169777, April 20, 2006Bengzon v. Senate Blue Ribbon Committee, GR. No. L-89914, Nov. 20, 1991Negros Oriental II Electric Coop v. SP, 155 SCRA 421Arnault v. Nazareno, 87 Phil. 29Senate Blue Ribbon Committee v. Majaducon, July 29, 2003Read: Separate Opinion of J. Puno in Macalintal v. Comelec, July 10, 2003In the Matter of the Petition for Issuance of Writ of Habeas Corpus of Camilo Sablo, GR No. 174340, Oct. 17, 2006 (En Banc)Gudani v. Senga, GR No. 170165, August 15, 2006 (En Banc)Neri v. Senate Committee of Accountability of Public Officers and Investigation, GR no. 180643, March 25, 2008 (En Banc)

F. OTHER POWERS12

f.1. As Board of Canvassers in Election for Pres. And Vice President (Art. VII, sec. 4)f.2. Call Special Election for President and Vice President (Art. VII, sec. 10)f.3. Revoke/extend suspension of privilege of writ of habeas corpus, declaration of Martial Law (Art. VII, sec. 18)f.4. Approve Presidential Amnesties (Art. VII, sec. 19)f.5. Confirm certain appointments (Art. VII, sec. 9 and 16)

Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549f.6. Concur in treaties (Art. VII, sec. 21)f.7. Declare war and delegate emergency powers (sec. 23)f.8. Judge President’s fitness

Art. VII, sec. 11, par. 4Estrada v. Arroyo, supra.

f.9. powers of Impeachment (Art. XI)-Read: Chapter 17, Cruz, Izagani A., “Philippine Political Law”

(latest ed.)f.9.a. Who may be Impeached (Art. XI, sec. 2)

in re Gonzales, 160 SCRA 771f.9.b. Grounds (Art. XI, sec. 2)f.9.c. Procedure (Art. XI, sec. 3(1) to (6))f.9.d. Effect (Art. XI, sec. 3(7))

Barcenas v. House of Representatives, GR. No. 160405 November 10, 2003

f.10. Power to change the Constitution

VII. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT: THE PRESIDENTRead: -Chapter 10, Cruz, Izagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Art. VII, 1987 Constitution -Assigned cases

A. QUALIFICATIONS, ELECTION, TERM, OATH (sec. 2,4,5)

B. PRIVILEGE AND SALARY (sec. 6)b.1. Executive Immunity Soliven v. Makasiar, 167 SCRA 393 Estrada v. Desierto, GR No. 146710-15, March 2, 2001

b.2. Executive PrivilegeAlmonte, et al. v. Vasquez, GR No. 95367, May 23, 1995Senate of the Philippines v. Ermita, GR No. 169777, April 20, 2006

C. PROHIBITIONS (sec. 13)Doromal v. Sandiganbayan, GR. No. 85468, September 7, 1989Civil Liberties Union v. Exec. Sec., 194 SCRA 317

Compare with prohibition against other officials:Art. VI, sec. 13Art. IX, A, sec. 2Art. IX, B, sec. 7Art. VIII, sec. 12

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Exception to the rule:Vice-President- Art. VII, sec. 3, par. 2Secretary of Justice- Art. VIII, sec. 8(1)Ex officio positions

D. SUCCESSION(a) At the beginning of the term Art. VII, sec. 7, 10(b) During the term Art. VII, Sec. 8, 10(c) Temporary Disability Art. VII, secs. 2-3 Estrada v. Arroyo, supra.

E. REMOVAL (Art. XI, secs. 2-3)

VIII. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT: POWERS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESIDENTRead: -chapter 11, Cruz, Isagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Art. VII, 1987 Constitution-Assigned cases

A. EXECUTIVE POWER (Art. VII, secs. 1 and 17)Marcos v. Manglapus, 177 SCRA 668 and 178 SCRA 760Gonzales v. Hechanova, 9 SCRA 230DENR v. DENR Employees, GR. No. 149725, August 19, 2003

B. POWER OF CONTROL (sec. 17)Mondano v. Silvosa, 97 Phil 143Villena v. Sec. of Interior, 67 Phil 451Free Te. Workers v. Minister of Labor, 108 SCRA 75

C. POWER OF GENERAL SUPERVISION OF OVER LOCAL GOVERNMENTS (Art. X, sec. 4, 16)

Ganzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271Dadole v. COA, GR. No. 125350, Dec. 3, 2002

D. POWER OF APPOINTMENTd.1. basis

GPI v. Springer, 50 Phil 259d.2. With concurrence of COA

Art. VII, sec. 16Sarmiento v. Mison, 156 SCRA 549Conception-Bautista v. Salonga, 172 SCRA 160Quintos-Deles v. COA, 177 SCRA 259Calderon v. Carale, 208 SCRA 254Rufino v. Endriga, GR no. 139554, July 21, 2006

(a.) Heads of Departments(b.) Ambassadors, Public Ministers and Consuls

14

(c.) Officers of AFP from Colonel to Naval Captain(d.) Chairman and Members of Constitutional Commissions(e.) Regular Member of JBC (Art. VIII, sec. 8(2))(f.) Sectoral (Art. XVIII, sec. 7)

d.3. Upon Recommendation of JBC(a) members of SC and all other Courts (Art. VIII, sec.9)(b) Ombudsman and deputies (Art. XI, sec. 9)

d.4. Appointment of Vice-President as cabinet member (sec. 3)

d.5. Appointments solely by President (sec. 16)(a) Those whose appointments are not otherwise provided by law(b) Those whom he may be authorized by law to appoint

d.6. Limitations to appointing powerd.6.1. Art. VII, sec. 13 and 15

Aytona v. Castillo, 4 SCRA 1Jorge v. Mayor, 10 SCRA 331Quimsing v. Tajanlangit, 10 SCRA 446

d.6.2. Interim or recess AppointmentsArt. VI, sec. 19Art. VII, sec. 16, par. 2Guevara v. Inocentes, 16 SCRA 389De Rama v. CA, GR No. 131136, February 28, 2001Matibag v. Benipayo, GR No. 149036, April 2, 2002

d.6.3. Temporary designationsAdm. Code of 1987, Book III, sec. 17

d.6.4. Limitations on appointing power of Acting President (sec. 14-15)

E. PARDONING POWER (sec. 19)Art. IX, C, sec. 5

e.1. Pardon distinguished from probation Pp. v. Vera, 65 Phil 56e.2. Pardon distinguished from parole Torres v. Gonzales, 152 SCRA 272e.3. Pardon distinguished from amnesty

Barrioquinto v. Fernandez, 82 Phil 642 Vera v. People, 7 SCRA

e.4. Effect of PardonMonsanto v. Factoran, GR. No. 78239, Feb. 9, 1989

e.5. Who may avail of amnesty Macaga-an v. People, 152 SCRA 430

F. MILITARY POWERS (sec. 18)Art. II, sec. 13Art. VIII, sec. 1, par. 2

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Writ of amparo (October 24, 2007)Writ of Habeas data (AM No. 08-1-16-SC)Sanlakas v. Reyes, GR No. 159085, February 3,2004IBP v. Zamora, ibidLacson v. Perez, May 10, 2001David v. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, GR No. 171396, May 3, 2006In Re: Ferdinand Arguelles, Jr. v.Baladia, Jr., GR No. 167211, March 14, 2006

G. EMERGENCY POWERS (Art. VII, sec. 23(2))David v. Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, GR no. 171396, May 3, 2006 (en bank)

H. CONTRACTING AND GUARANTEEING FOREIGN LOANS (sec. 20, 21)

I. POWER OVER FOREIGN AFFAIRS (sec. 21)Bayan v. Zamora, 342 SCRA 449Pimentel v. Executive Secretary, GR No. 158088, July 6, 2005

i.1. deportation of undesirable aliensGo Tek v. Deportation Board, 79 SCRA 17

J. POWER OVER LEGISLATIONj.1. To address Congress (sec. 23)j.2. Preparation and submission of budget (sec. 22) Pimentel v. Anguirre, 336 SCRA 201j.3. Veto Power (sec. 27)j.4. Emergency power (Art. VI, sec. 23(2))

IX. THE JUDICIARYRead: -Chapter 12, Cruz, Izagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Article VIII, 1987 Constitution-Assigned cases

A. THE SUPREME COURT

A.1. Composition (sec. 4)Vatgas v. Rilloraza, 80 Phil297US v. Limsiongco, 41 Phil 94

A.2. Appointment and qualifications (secs. 7,8,9)A.3. Salary (sec. 10)

Art. XVIII, sec. 17Perfecto v. Meer, 85 Phil 522Endencia v. David, 93 Phil 696Nitafan v. CIR, 152 SCRA 284

A.4. Security of Tenure (sec. 11, sec. 2, par. 2)De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294

A.5. Removal (sec. 11)Art. XI, sec. 2

A.6. Fiscal Autonomy (sec. 3)

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B. POWERS OF THE SUPREME COURT

B.1. JUDICIAL POWERb.1.a. (Art. VIII, sec.1)

Santiago v. Bautista, 32 SCRA 188Mantruste Systems, Inc. v. CA, 179 SCRA 136Daza v. Singson, 180 SCRA 496Garcia v. Board of Investments, 191 SCRA 288Barcenas v. House of Representatives, supra.Miranda v. Aguirre, GR No. 133064, September 16, 1999

B.2. JUDICIAL REVIEW (see:PART I)

B.3. ART. VIII, sec. 5In re Bermudez, 145 SCRA 160

Pp. v. Ramos, 88 SCRA 486Rule 122 and A.M. No. 00-5-03-SC Re Amendments Governing Death

Penalty effective October 15, 2004Pp. v. Mateo, GR. No. 147678-87, July 7, 2004

B.4. Art. VII, sec. 18, par. 3Art. VII, Sec. 4, par. 7Lopezv. RoxasArt. IX, A, sec. 7

B.5. Congressional power over Jurisdiction of the Supreme CourtSec. 2, par. 1Art. VI, sec. 30Villavert v. Desierto, GR No. 133715, Feb. 23, 2000Fabian v. Desierto, GR No. 129742, Sept. 16, 1998

B.6. Manner of sitting and vote requiredArt. VIII, sec.4Rule 56, sec. 11 and rule 125, sec. 3, Rules of Court

B.7. Requirements as to decisions (secs. 13-14)Yao v. Court of Appeals, GR. No. 132428, Oct. 24, 2000Asiavest v. CA, GR No. 110263, July 20, 2001b.7.1. Mandatory periods for deciding casesArt. VIII, sec. 15Art. VII, sec. 18, par. 3Art. XVIII, sec. 12-14

B.8. ADMINISTRATIVE POWERSb.8.1. Supervision of lower Courts (sec. 6, 11)Maceda v. Vasquez, 221 SCRA 464b.8.2. Temporary assignment of Judges (Sec. 5(3))b.8.3. Change of Venue (sec. 4)b.8.4. Appointment of officials and employees of judiciary (sec. 5(6))

B.9. RULE-MAKING POWERS (sec. 5(5))Art. XII, sec. 14, par. 2

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Art. VII, sec. 18, par. 3In re Cunanan, 94 Phil 534In re Marcial Edillon, 84 SCRA 554Re: Request for special Div, AM no. 02-1-09-SC, Jan. 21, 2002Aguirre vs. Rana, Bar Matter No. 1036, June 10, 2003In Re: Petition to disqualify Atty. Leonardo de Vera on Legal and Moral Grounds from being elected IBP Governor for Eastern Mindanao in the IBP elections, A.C. No. 6052, December 11, 2003

B.10. PROHIBITION AGAINST QUASI-JUDICIAL OR ADMINISTRATIVE WORKS (sec. 12)

Manila Electric Co. v. Pasay Trans, 57 Phil 600Garcia v. Macaraig, 39 SCRA 106In Re Judge Rodolfo Manzano, 166 SCRA 246

C. REPORT ON JUDICIARY (sec. 16)

D. THE LOWER COURTSd.1. Qualifications and Appointments (sec. 7(1)(2), 8(5), 9)

SB ng Taguig v. Judge Estrell, AM No. 01-1608-RJT, Jan. 16, 2001d.2. Salary (sec. 10)d.3. Congressional power to reorganize and security of tenure (sec. 11,2(2))

De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294d.4. Removal (sec. 11)d.5. Jurisdiction (sec. 1)

Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659d.6. Preparation for decisions (sec. 14)d.7. Mandatory period for deciding

Art. VIII, Sec. 15Art. XVIII, secs. 12-14Marcelino v. Cruz, 121 SCRA 51De Roma v. CA, 152 SCRA 205

E. THE JUDICIAL AND BAR COUNCIL (sec. 8)F. AUTOMATIC RELEASE OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR JUDICIARY (sec. 3)

X. THE CONSTITUTIONAL COMMISSIONSRead: -Chapter 13-16, Cruz, Isagani A., “Philippine Political Law” (latest ed.)

-Article IX, 1987 Constitution-Assigned cases

A. CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION

a.1. Composition and QualificationsArt. IX, B, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

a.2. Appointment and term of office of commissionersa.3. Appointment of personnel of CSC

Art. IX, A, sec. 4a.4. Salary

Art. XVIII, sec. 1718

Art. IX, A, sec. 3a.5. Disqualifications

Art. IX, A, sec. 2a.6. Removal

Art. XI, sec. 2 a.7. Functions

Art. IX, B, sec. 3Art. IX, A, sec.7Luego v. CSC 143 SCRA 327

a.8. Scope of Civil SecviceArt. IX, B, sec. 2(1)Leyson v. Ombudsman, GR No. 134990, April 27, 2000Baluyot v. Holganza, GR No. 136374, Feb. 9, 2000

a.9. Review of DecisionsArt. IX, A, Sec. 7

a.10. Fiscal AutonomyArt. IX, A, sec.5

B. COMMISSION ON ELECTIONSb.1. Composition and Qualifications

Art. IX, C, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2Cayetano v. Monsod, 201 SCRA 210

b.2. Appointment and term of Office of CommisionersArt. IX, C, sec. 1(2)

b.3. DisqualificationsArt. IX, A, sec. 4

b.4. SalaryArt. XVIII, sec. 17Art. IX, A, sec. 3

b.5. Appointment of personnelArt. IX, A, sec. 4

b.6. RemovalArt. IX, sec. 2

b.7. Functionsb.7.1. Administrative

Art. IX, C, sec. 2(1), (4), (5), (6),(7), (8), (9)b.7.2. Adjudicatory

Art. IX, C, sec. 2(2) and (3)Javier v. Comelec, 144 SCRA 194Canisoca v. Comelec, Dec. 5, 1997

b.7.3. Rule-makingArt. IX, A, sec. 6Aruelo, Jr. v. CA, 227 SCRA 311

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b.7.4. RegulatoryArt. IX, C, sec. 4NPC v. Comelec, 144 SCRA 194

b.8. Review of DecisionsArt. IX, C, sec. 2(2)Art. IX, A, sec. 7Flores v. Comelec, 184 SCRA 484Garces v. CA, 259 SCRA 99

b.9. Fiscal AutonomyArt. IX, A, sec. 5

C. COMMISSION ON AUDIT

c.1. Composition and QualificationsArt. IX, D, sec. 1(1)Art. VII, sec. 13, par. 2

c.2. Appointment and term of office of commissionersArt. IX, D, Sec. 1(2)

c.3. Appointment of personnelArt. IX, A, sec. 4

c.4. SalaryArt. XVIII, sec. 17Art. IX, A, sec. 3

c.5. DisqualificationsArt. IX, A, sec. 2

c.6. RemovalArt. XI, sec. 2

c.7. FunctionsArt. IX, D, sec. 2-3Art. VI, sec. 20Art. IX, A, sec. 6Phil Airlines v. COA, 245 SCRA 39National Housing Corp. v. COA, 226 SCRA 55Luego v. CSC, 143 SCRA 327

c.8. Scope of Civil ServiceArt. IX, B, sec. 2(1)

c.9. Review of DecisionsArt. IX, A, sec. 7

c.10. Fiscal AutonomyArt. IX, A, sec. 5

XI. NATIONAL COMMISSIONSA. COMMISSION ON HUMAN RIGHTS (CHR)

a.1. Composition and QualificationsArt. XIII, sec. 17Bautista v. Salonga, supra

a.2. Powers and FunctionsArt. XIII, sec. 18-19

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Carino v. CHR, GR No. 96681, Dec. 2, 1991EPZA v. CHR, 208 SCRA 125Simon, Jr. v. CHR, 229 SCRA 117

a.3. Fiscal AutonomyArt. XIII, sec. 17(4)

B. NATIONAL LANGUAGE COMMISSIONArt. XIV, sec. 9

C. NATIONAL POLICE COMMISSIONArt. XVI, sec. 6

D. COMMISSION ON INDIGENOUS CULTURAL COMMUNITIESArt. XVI, sec. 12

XII. LOCAL GOVERNMENTS-Art. X, 1987 ConstitutionA. Local Autonomy

-Art. II, sec. 25-Art. X, sec. 2-Limbona v. Mangelin, 170 SCRA 786, 794-795 (1989)-Magtajas v. Pryce Properties, 234 SCRA 255 (1994)-Lina, Jr. v. Paño, GR. No. 129093, Aug. 30, 2001-San Juan v. Civil Service Commission, 196 SCRA 69 (1991)-Laguna Lake Devt. Authority v. Court of Appeals, GR. Nos. 120865-71, Dec. 7, 1995

B. General Supervision of local government by the President and hierarchal relation among local units.

Art. X, sec. 4Art. X, sec. 16

-Drilon v. Lim, 235 SCRA 135, 141 (1994)-Guanzon v. CA, 200 SCRA 271 (1991)

C. Local Government CodeArt. X, sec. 3-“decentralization” defined-“Initiative and referendum” defined

-Garcia v. Comelec, 237 SCRA 279, 290 (1994)-“recall”, defined-Garcia v. Comelec, 227 SCRA 100 (1993)

D. Municipal Power of Taxation and Sources of RevenueArt. X, sec. 5

-Basco v. PAGCOR, 197 SCRA 52, 65 (1991)-Manila Electric Company v. Province of Laguna, GR. No. 131359, May 5, 1999-Phil. Petroleum Corp. v. Mun. of Pililla, Rizal 198 SCRA 82 (1991)-Mactan Cebu International Airport Authority v. Marcos, GR. No. 120082, Sept. 11, 1996

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-Manila International Airport Authority v. CA, GR. No. 155650, July 20, 2006-City Govt. of Quezon City v. Bayan Telecom, Inc. GR. No. 162015, March 6, 2006-Digital Telecom Phils. v. Pangasinan GR. No. 152534, Feb. 23, 2007

F. Share in National taxesArt. X, sec. 6

-Pimentel v. Aguirre, GR. No. 132988, July 19, 2000

G. Share in the proceed of National wealthArt. X, sec. 7

H. Terms of office of local officials, except barangay officialsArt. X, sec.8 (Three years)Art. XVIII, sec. 1

-Borja, Jr. v. Commission on Elections, GR. No. 133495, Sept. 3, 1998 -Lonzanida v. Comelec, GR. No. 135150, July 28, 1999-Adormeo v. Comelec GR no. 147927, Feb. 4, 2002-Socrates v. Comelec, GR. No. 154512, 154683, 155083-84, Nov. 12, 2002-Latasa v. Comelec, GR. No. 154829, Dec. 10, 2003, En Banc-Francis Ong v. Joseph Stanley Alegre, GR. No. 163295, Jan. 3, 2006

I. Terms of office of barangay officialsArt. X, sec. 8Republic Act. 8524 (Five years)“hold over” principle-Sambarani v. COMELEC, GR. No. 160427, Sept. 15, 2004

J. Local legislative bodies; Sectoral RepresentationArt. X, sec. 9

K. Creation, abolition, division, merger, and substantial change in boundary of local government units

Art. X, sec. 10-Tan v. COMELEC, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)-Padilla v. Comelec, 214 SCRA 735-Lopez v. Comelec, 136 SCRA 633-Sultan Osop Camid v. Office of the President, GR. NO. 161414, Jan. 17, 2005-League of Cities of the Phils. v. Comelec GR. No. 176951, Nov. 18, 2008 (en banc)

L. Metropolitan political subdivisionsArt. X, sec. 11-MMDA v. Bel-Air Village, GR. No. 135962, March 2, 2000

M. Classification cities; Right to voteArt. X, sec.12

-Abella v. Comelec, 201 SCRA 253 (1991)22

N. Coordination of efforts, services and resources for common benefit; Regional Development Councils

Art. X, sec. 13Art. X, sec. 14

O.The Autonomous Regions1. Creation

Art. X, sec. 15Id., sec. 18Id., sec. 19

-Tan v. Comelec, 142 SCRA 727 (1986)-Abbas v. Comelec, 179 SCRA 287, 300-301 (1989)-Ordillo v. Comelec, 192 SCRA 100 (1990)

2. Powers of Autonomous regionsArt. X, sec. 20Id., sec. 17Id., sec. 21

3. General supervision by the President over autonomous regionsArt. X, sec. 16

XIII. NATIONAL ECONOMY AND PATRIMONY

-Art. XII, 1987 Constitution

A. POLICY (sec. 1)Cruz v. Sec. of DENR, 347 SCRA 728

B. NATURAL RESOURCES b.1. Regalian Doctrine

Lee Hong Kok v. David, 48 SCRA 372b.2. Citizenship Requirement

Art. XII, secs. 2 and 7b.3. “The Grandfather Rule” in corporation

C. CLASSIFICATION, SIZE, CONDITIONS FOR GRANT OF PUBLIC LANDS (sec. 3)

D. PRIVATE LANDSd.1. Citizenship Requirements (sec. 7)

Godinez v. Pak Luen, 120 SCRA 223Tejido v. Zamacoma, 138 SCRA 78

d.2. Exceptionsd.2.1. Legal Succession

Ramirez v. Vda de Remirez, 111 SCRA 704d.2.2. Acquisition by former natural-born citizens (sec. 8)

E. ECONOMIC ACTIVITIESe.1. Rationale (sec. 6, 12, 13)e.2. Organization and Regulation of Private Corporations (sec. 16)

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NADECO v. PVB, 192 SCRA 257e.3. Operation of public utilities (sec. 11, 17, 18)

Albano v. Reyes, 175 SCRA 264Republic v. PLDT, 26 SCRA 620

e.4. Filipinizatione.4.1. of mass media and advertising

Art. XVI, secs. 10, 11Art. XVIII, sec. 23

e.4.2. practice of professions (sec. 14)

F. MONOPOLIES, COMBINATIONS AND UNFAIR COMPETITION (sec. 19)Lagman v. Torres, 281 SCRA 330; 282 SCRA 337

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