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PIRMA- a popular org that spearheaded

the movement aimed at promoting term

extension for Ramos through

amendments Backlash with other groups(BAYAN,

PAHRA,BURA)

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TO CHANGE OR NO

TTOCHANGE.

Presidential vs. Parliamentary

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Affirmative Opposition

-Political stability,

Ramos= indispensable-Necessary in political

crises=economic reform-Strong State-Ramos

- Make a functioning bureaucracyand effective political party

system.

-term extension=insufficient

reason-nakakahiya/ walang delicadeza

-weakens the pillars of long-termdemocratic stability

-Parliamentary better butuntimely(Not until 2010,

Abueva)

Problem-no credibility for

genuine reform-perpetuate himself to power

- ureaucracy- degeneratesefficacy of State apparatus

-Problem-freezes reform

-no counterproposal

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PRESIDENTIALISM a system of government where the ministers of the executive

branch are drawn from the legislature and are accountable to

that body, such that the executive and legislative branches ofgovernment are intertwined. In such a system, the head of thegovernment is both de facto chief executive and chief legislator.

one in which the only democratically legitimate institution is theparliament; in such a regime, the governments authority iscompletely dependent on parliaments confidence.

Elite Dominance ineffectiveness

low level of political participation among the populace

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Bell Trade Act of 1946

Reciprocal free trade

The Philippines could not impose taxes on

exports to the United States.The exchange rate of the Philippine peso was

pegged to the dollar.

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What makes the Philippines State Weak?

power groups work to influencegovernment. Thats what politics is all about

anywhere in the world. Rocamora

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People participate in the Philippine elections

for the same reason they go to cockfights; itis highly entertaining as spectator sports.

- Rocamora

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A commonly accepted definition of a parliamentary

system of government is a system of government

where the ministers of the executive branch are

drawn from the legislature and are accountable to

that body, such that the executive and legislativebranches of government are intertwined.

In such a system, the head of government is both de

facto chief executive and chief legislator.

Still another author states that parliamentary forms

of government is one in which the only democraticallylegitimate institution is the parliament; in such a

regime, the governments authority is completely

dependent on parliaments confidence.

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Constitutional Convention

Constitutional Assembly

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con-con is one of the three modes in which the

Constitution of the Philippines could be

amended or revised.

Under Article XVII, Sec.3 of the Constitution of

the Philippines: The Congress may, by a vote of

two-thirds of all its Members, call a

constitutional convention, or by a majority vote

of all its Members, submit to the electorate the

question of calling such a convention.

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"con-ass" is one of the three modes in which the

1987 Constitution of the Philippines could be

amended or revised.

recently known to many Filipinos as Charter

Change

the last time the constitution was appended, it

led to the prolonging of the term of President

Marcos and eventually, Martial Law

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Politics as transactional Political exchanges are seen as private

transactions rather than public ones

Filipinos cant distinguish between private and

public use of funds

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Leadership

Filipinos traditionally have settled disputes and

other matters of importance out-of-court Zero-sum character of electoral contests

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Moves for Cha-Cha largely originate from

end-term politicians who are constrained

by term restrictions to run again.

In theory, constitutional amendments viapeoples initiative is supposed to move

amending powers from politicians to the

people

Initiative though still remains in the hands of

politicians, partly because the discourse on

political reform is undeveloped

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Local politics has been changing at an

accelerating pace

The old notion of patronage politics hascollapsed, forcing leaders to go further

afield in securing electoral posts

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Shifts in electoral practice all point to

specialization, specificity anddifferentiation

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