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SAMPLE C

ONTENT

SAMPLE C

ONTENTEo{Vhm{gH$ ÑîQ>çm nmhVm ‘amR>rV Am{U BVa ^maVr¶ ^mfm§Vrb

gm{hË¶mV àdmgdU©Zm§Mm A^md Amho Ag§ åhQ>b§ Va H$mhr dmdJ§

R>aUma Zmhr. àmMrZ H$mimnmgyZ ^maVr¶ ì¶mnmar ì¶mnma-CXr‘mÀ¶m

{Z{‘ÎmmZo ZOrH$À¶m g§ñH¥$Vter {deofV… ‘ogmonmoQ>o{‘¶m Am{U B{Oáer

OmoS>bo Jobo hmoVo, àdmg H$aV hmoVo na§Vw Ë¶m§Zr H$Yr Hw$R>ë¶mhr ñdê$nmV

àdmg dU©Zo {bhÿZ R>odë¶mM§ {‘iV Zmhr. Z§VaÀ¶m H$mimVhr ^maVoVa

g‘mO/g§ñH¥$Vr/ Xoe ¶m§À¶mda boIZ Pmë¶mM§ AmT>iV Zmhr. Ia§Va

Amnë¶mM Xoem{df¶r, g‘mOm{df¶r ^maVr¶m§Zr Eo{Vhm{gH$ XñVmdoO

{Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMo à¶ËZ ¹${MVM Ho$bo AmhoV. g‘«mQ> AemoH$mÀ¶m H$mimV

Ë¶mMm nwÌ ‘qhXm (‘qhÐ) Am{U H$Ý¶m g§K{‘Îmm (g§K{‘Ìm) gh AZoH$

~m¡Õ {^jy Y‘©àgmamgmR>r ^maVm~mhoa AmOy~mOyÀ¶m àXoemV Jobo nU

Ë¶mn¡H$s H$moUr Ë¶m Ë¶m Xoem§À¶m g‘mO, bmoH$OrdZ, amÁ¶ì¶dñWm

¶m§g§~§Yr H$mhr {bhÿZ R>odë¶mMo Var Eo{H$dmV Zmhr. Ë¶mMà‘mUo

AemoH$mÀ¶m Y‘m©Xoem§V Am{U amOmkm§V (E{S>ŠQ²g) Ë¶mMo XÿV gr[a¶m,

B{Oá, {b{~¶m Am{U ‘°{gS>mo{Z¶m Am{X XoemV Agë¶mMm C„oI Amho

nU Ë¶m XÿVm§Zrhr {bpIV ñdê$nmV H$mhr ‘mJo R>odë¶mMo AmT>iV Zmhr.

Ë¶mCbQ> Oo {MZr {^jy ~m¡Õ Y‘m©Mm Aä¶mg H$am¶bm ^maVmV

Ambo Vo åhUOo - Xþgè¶m M§ÐJwámÀ¶m H$mimV Amboë¶m ’$m {hEZ

g§nmXH$mMr àñVmdZm

SAMPLE C

ONTENTD$’©$ ’°$pŠg¶Z, hf©dY©ZmÀ¶m amOdQ>rV ^maVmbm ôQ> XoUmam øyEZ

Ëgm§J (PwA±JP±J) Am{U 7ì¶m eVH$mV ^maVmV Ambobo {¶qOJ

¶m§Zr ^maV{df¶H$ ânya {bImU H$ê$Z R>odbo Amho. ¶m àdmem§Zr

Amnë¶m àdmgmV ~m¡Õ Y‘m©À¶m Aä¶mgmnbrH$S>o OmV ^maVdfm©Vrb

Eo{hH$ OrdZmMm, B{Vhmg- ^yJmobmMm, g§ñH¥$VrMm gImob Aä¶mg

H$ê$Z ^maV{df¶H$ ‘m¡{bH$ XñVmdoO OJmnwT>o R>odbm. AmOhr àmMrZ

^maVmÀ¶m g§emoYH$m§gmR>r Aä¶mgmMm ‘yi òmoV qH$dm gmYZo åhUyZ hm

XñVmdoO ‘m¡ë¶dmZ JUbm OmVmo. MrZà‘mUo H$mo[a¶m Am{U OnmZ‘YyZhr

~m¡Õ Y‘m©Zo ào[aV hmoD$Z ^maVmbm ôQ> XoUmao àdmgr hmoVo. Ë¶mVbo

{deof à{gÕr nmdbobo H$mo[a¶Z ~m¡Õ {^jy åhUOo "ho Mmo' (Hyecho).

Ë¶m§Zr Mma dfª ^maVmV ì¶VrV H$ê$Z ^maVr¶m§À¶m doJdoJù¶m ImÚ

g§ñH¥$Vr, hdm‘mZ, ^mfm, amOH$s¶ n[apñWVr ¶mda Aä¶mgnyU© ^mî¶

Ho$bobo Amho.

VgoM Amho n{e©¶Z Am{U ‘Ü¶nyd}VyZ ^maVmV Amboë¶m

B{VhmgH$mbrZ àdmem§Mo. 10ì¶m eVH$mV Aao{~¶mVyZ Amboë¶m

Ab-‘gwXrZo Am{U 11ì¶m eVH$mV n{e©¶mhÿZ Amboë¶m Ab-~oéZrZo

^maV{df¶H$ {bImU H$ê$Z B{Vhmg g§emoYZmbm {dnwb gm‘J«r

{‘idyZ {Xbr. nwT>o ‘moamo¸$mohÿZ Amboë¶m BãZ ~VwVmZo Ë¶m doir kmV

Agboë¶m OJmV gbJ 30 dfmªÀ¶m n¶©Q>ZmVrb AmR> df} ^maVmV

ì¶VrV Ho$br ho gd©lwVM Amho. AãXþa aÂPmH$ ¶m n§Yamì¶m eVH$mVrb

n{e©¶Z àdmemZo X{jU Am{U X{jU ‘Ü¶ ^maVm{df¶r ‘moR>§ H$m‘

H$ê$Z R>odb§ Amho. Ë¶m AmYrhr àmMrZ H$mimV J«rg‘YyZ H$mhr àdmgr

^maVmV ¶oD$Z Jobo. B.g.nyd© 4Ï¶m eVH$mV n{e©¶mÀ¶m amOXa~mamV

H$m¶©aV Q>r{gAg (Ctesias) ZmdmMm J«rH$ B{VhmgH$ma ^maVmV

Amë¶mMo g‘OVo. {gH§$XaZo ^maVmda AmH«$‘U Ho$bo Voìhm Ë¶mÀ¶m

Mma / ‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar

SAMPLE C

ONTENT~amo~a hmoVm Ë¶mMm ‘mJ©Xe©H$ Am{U g„mJma {Z¶mH©$g (Nearchus) Á¶mZo ^maV{df¶H$ Amnbr {ZarjUo {dñV¥VarË¶m Zm|Xdbr AmhoV.

M§ÐJwá ‘m¡¶m©À¶m Xa~mamVrb ‘o½¶mñWZrg ¶m J«rH$ XÿVmZo {b{hbobm

J«§W B§{S>H$m hm Amnë¶mbm gwn[a{MV AmhoM. ‘Ü¶¶wJmZ§Va ¶wamon‘YyZ

AZoH$ ’«|$M, BQ>m{b¶Z, {~«{Q>e Am{U ¹${MV a{e¶Z àdmgrhr ^maV

ôQ>rg ¶oD$Z Jobo.

¶m gd© àdmem§Zm maV, Ë¶mMr g§ñH¥$Vr, B{Vhmg, g‘mOOrdZ nyU©

H$ibo Agob Ag§ åhUVm ¶oUma Zmhr. H$mhr Jmoï>r naXoer àdmem§gmR>r

AZmH$bZr¶ hmoË¶m, H$mhr ~m~VrV Ë¶m§Mr Ñï>r nyd©J«hXÿ{fV Agy eH$Vo,

VgoM ^mfoÀ¶m AS>MUr‘wio H$mhr doim g‘OÊ¶mV, {bImUmV à‘mX

hmoV AgVrb, Ë¶m§M§ {bImU AMyH$ d H$mQ>oH$moa AgobM Ag§ Zmhr;

VarXoIrb Ë¶m§M§ H$m‘ ‘hÎdmM§ hmoV§ ¶mV H$mhr e§H$m Zmhr. Ia§ Va

^maVr¶m§Zm ñdV…~ÔbMr doJdoJir ‘m{hVr ¶m àdmem§À¶m {bImUmVyZ

Pmbr Ag§ åhQ>b§ Va A{Ve¶moº$s hmoUma Zmhr.

Hw$R>ë¶mhr ^maVr¶ ^mfoVb§ n{hb§d{hb§ àdmgdU©Z Agë¶mMm

‘mZ OmVmo 1786 ‘Ü¶o ’$mXa Wm°‘g (Wmo‘m) naoå‘m¸$b {bpIV

dV©‘mZnwñVH$‘² ¶m ‘ë¶mi‘² J«§Wmbm. ho nwñVH$ àW‘ à{gÕ Pmb§

1936 gmbr. ’$mXa Wm°‘g ¶m§Zr Ho$aihÿZ ‘Ðmg, Am{’«$H$m, X{jU

A‘o[aH$m, nmoVw©Jb Am{U amo‘ Agm àXrK© ‘mJm©Zo amo‘n¶ªV àdmg Ho$bm

hmoVm. ‘amR>rVrb n{hb§ àdmg dU©Z åhUyZ JUb§ OmV§ Vo {dîUw^Q>Or

JmoS>go dagB©H$a D$’©$ JmoS>go ^Q>OtÀ¶m ‘mPm àdmg ho nwñVH$. JmoS>go

^Q>OtZr ‘mPm àdmg‘Ü¶o Ho$bobo 1857À¶m ñdmV§Í¶bT>çmMo Mjwd£gË¶§

dU©Z nwñVH$ê$nmZo àW‘ à{gÕ Pmbo, Vo Ë¶m bT>çmZ§Va nÞmg dfmªZr

åhUOo 1907 gmbr. Ë¶mAmYr 1896 ‘Ü¶o JmoqdX ~m~mOr Omoer

¶m§Mo Joë¶m Vrg dfmªnyduMo bmoH$ d Ë¶m§À¶m g‘OwVr AWdm ‘mPo

‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar / nmM

SAMPLE C

ONTENTàdmgmMr h{H$H$V hm J«§W nwñVH$ê$nmZo à{gÕ Pmbm hmoVm, Aer

Aä¶mgnyU© Am{U H$ï>mZo {b{hbobr àdmg dU©Z§ B{Vhmg, g‘mOemó§,

bmoH$m§M§ OrdZ‘mZ Am{U H$mhr àg§Jr ^yJmob ¶m§À¶m Aä¶mgH$m§À¶m

Ñï>rZo ‘m¡{bH$ g§X^© J«§W åhUOoM g§emoYZmMo àmW{‘H$ òmoV AmhoV.

20 ì¶m eVH$mV ‘mÌ ‘amR>rV AZoH$ àdmgdU©Z§ {b{hbr Jobr

Am{U Ë¶mVbr H$mhr dmMH$m§À¶m ng§Vrghr CVabr. AZ§V H$mUoH$am§M§

1937 gmbr à{gÕ Pmbob§ ¶wamon Am{U gmopìhEV ¶w{Z¶Z‘Ü¶o

Ho$boë¶m àdmgmdarb YwŠ¶mVyZ bmb Vmè¶mH$S>o ho àdmg dU©Z AmOhr

dmMH$m§À¶m ñ‘aUmV Amho. Ag§M EH$ AmJi§ doJi§ àdmgdU©Z Amho

1931 gmbr à{gÕ Pmbob§ lr. am. {Q>Ho$H$a {bpIV ‘wgb‘mZr ‘wbIm§Vbr ‘wem’$ar nU Oo AmVm dmMH$m§À¶m {dñ‘aUmV Jobobo Amho.

"Ho$gar' dV©‘mZnÌmMo àdmgr à{V{ZYr åhUyZ {Q>Ho$H$am§Zr {S>g|~a

1928 Vo Owb¡ 1929 ¶m Xaå¶mZ nmM ‘{hÝ¶m§À¶m H$mimV ‘w§~B©hÿZ

{ZKyZ noemda, ~gam, ~JXmX, Am~mXmZ, VohamZ, ¹o$Å>m Agm XrK©

nëë¶mMm àdmg Ho$bm. åhUOo ¶m àdmgmbm 2018-19 ‘Ü¶o 90 dfª

Pmbr. øm àdmgmbm àW‘ Ë¶m Ë¶m {R>H$mUmhÿZ "Ho$gar'bm nmR>dboë¶m

dmVm©nÌm§À¶m ñdê$nmV à{gÕr {‘imbr Am{U Z§Va Vo {bImU nwñVH$

ê$nmZo à{gÕ Pmbo. noemda Am{U ¹o$Å>m ho XmoÝhr ‘wbwI Ë¶mdoir

^maVmMmM ^mJ hmoVo Iao, na§Vw ‘w§~B©-nwÊ¶mÀ¶m gm‘mÝ¶ ‘mUgmg

gdm©Wm©Zo na‘wbwIM hmoVo. {Q>Ho$H$am§Mm hm àdmg A{Ve¶ IS>Va;

{d{dY ‘mJmªZr, {d{dY gmYZm§Zr Ho$bobm Am{U doJdoJù¶m ^m¡Jmo{bH$

Am{U hdm‘mZmÀ¶m àXoemVbm; VgoM ‘Zmbm gm§ñH¥${VH$ Y¸o$ (H$ëMa

em°H$) XoUmam. na§Vw {Q>Ho$H$a hm¡er n¶©Q>H$ åhUyZ ¶m ‘wbImV {’$am¶bm

Jobo ZìhVo Va Vo hmoVo àdmgr. AkmV àXoem§Mm B{Vhmg, g§ñH¥$Vr,

g‘mO, MmbrarVr g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r Kam~mhoa nS>bobo àdmgr. H$ï>

ghm / ‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar

SAMPLE C

ONTENTgmogyZ àdmg H$aUmao àdmgr. Ë¶m‘wio doJdoJù¶m AZw^dm§Zm gm‘moao

OmÊ¶mMr Ë¶m§Mr ‘mZ{gH$ V¶mar AgUmaM ¶mV e§H$m Zgmdr.

Ia§ Va {Q>Ho$H$am§Mr BÀN>m hmoVr A’$Jm{UñVmZbm OmÊ¶mMr.

åhUyZ Ë¶m§Zr ‘w§~B©hÿZ noemdaH$S>o àñWmZ Ho$b§. na§Vw {~«{Q>e B§{S>¶m

Am{U A’$Jm{UñVmZÀ¶m gr‘oda ‘moR>r ~§S>mir gwê$ hmoVr. I¡~a qIS>

nma H$aU§ XþamnmñV Pmb§ hmoV§. ‘J Ë¶m§Zr BVa ‘mJm©Zo A’$Jm{UñVmZbm

OmÊ¶mMo à¶ËZ Ho$bo. nU Vohr {Zî’$i R>aë¶mZo BamH$ Am{U BamUMm

àdmg Ho$bm. Z§Va Ë¶mM dfu {Q>Ho$H$am§Zr {MÎmJm±J‘mJ} (AmVm

~m§JbmXoemV) ~«÷XoemMm àdmg Ho$bm Am{U ~«÷r ~§S>mitMo ~«÷nwamU

ho nwñVH$ à{gÕ Ho$bo.

lr. am. {Q>Ho$H$a H$moU hmoVo? Ë¶m§M nyU© Zmd lrnmX am‘M§Ð

{Q>Ho$H$a (1901 Vo 1979). Am°{bìha JmoëS>pñ‘W ¶m§À¶m X pìhH$ma

Am°’$ doH${’$ëS> (1766) ¶m H$mX§~arMm dmB©H$a ^Q>Or (1898)

¶m ZmdmZo ‘amR>r ^mdmZwdmX H$aUmè¶m am‘M§Ð {dZm¶H$ {Q>Ho$H$a D$’©$

YZwYm©ar ¶m§Mo Vo {Ma§Ord hmoV. Joë¶m eVH$mVrb ì¶mg§Jr, g§emoYH$,

boIH$ Am{U nÌH$ma Aem ~hþnoS>r ì¶{º$‘ÎdmMo lr. am. {Q>Ho$H$a

‘mPo MwbV œeya. Ë¶m§Zm ‘r H$mH$m åhUV Ago, nU BWo Ë¶m§Mm C„oI

{Q>Ho$H$a AgmM Ho$bm Amho. Ë¶m§Zr {d{dY {df¶m§da {dnwb boIZ

Ho$b§. Ë¶m§À¶m boIZmÀ¶m {df¶m§Mm AmdmH$mhr {dñV¥V. AJXr g§ñH¥$V

Am{U B{VhmgmnmgyZ Vo AW©emó, ‘hmamï´>mMo {dMmaYZ, nÌH$m[aVm,

{MÌnQ> ì¶dgm¶, nmobmX d H$moigmImUr Am{U Vob{d{harn¶ªV.

Ë¶m§Mr ñd{bpIV, gh{bpIV, g§nm{XV, g§H${bV Am{U énm§V[aV

Aer ‘amR>r Am{U B§J«Or 37 nwñVH§$ AmhoV. Ë¶m§À¶m g‘H$mbrZ XmoZ

gwà{gÕ B{VhmgH$mam§~amo~a, ga OXþZmW gaH$ma Am{U nÙ^yfU JmoqdX

‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar / gmV

SAMPLE C

ONTENTgImam‘ gaXogmB© D$’©$ [a¶mgVH$ma gaXogmB© ¶m§À¶mg‘doV, {Q>Ho$H$am§Mo

K{Zð> g§~§Y hmoVo.

{Q>Ho$H$am§Zr AmH$medmUrda gVV 38 dfª {d{dY {df¶m§da

^mfU§ Ho$br, dV©‘mZnÌmV boI {b{hbo Am{U AënH$mi H$m hmoB©Zm

{d{dY ZmoH$è¶mhr Ho$ë¶m. Ë¶mM§ Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejU B§Q>a AmQ>©²gn¶ªVM.

Jm§YrOr§Zr nwH$maboë¶m AghH$mamÀ¶m MidirV Ë¶m§Mm gh^mJ

{ejUmV I§S> nS>m¶bm {Z{‘Îm‘mÌ R>abm. na§Vw {Q>Ho$H$am§Zr Cƒ

{ejUmMr CUrd ê$Z H$mT>br Amnë¶m CnOV ~w{ÕMmVw¶m©Zo, {ZarjU

eº$sZo, A’$mQ> ì¶mg§JmZo Am{U ^mfmà^wËdmZo. {Q>Ho$H$am§Mr ^mfm,

boIZe¡br Ë¶m§Zr hmVmiboë¶m {df¶m§~Ôb JmoS>r {Z‘m©U H$aUmar hmoVr.

Ë¶mV Ë¶m§Mo Z‘©{dZmoX, H$monaIù¶m ‘maÊ¶mMr j‘Vm, ~moMar Q>rH$m,

Vm¡b{ZH$ Ñ{ï>H$moU Am{U ZdrZ ‘amR>r eãX V¶ma H$aÊ¶mMr j‘Vm ¶m

gdmªMm A§V^m©d hmoVm. ho gd© boIZJwU Ë¶m§À¶m àñVwVÀ¶m nwñVH$mVhr

{XgyZ ¶oVmV. {Q>Ho$H$am§Zr hm àdmg Ama§^bm V|ìhm Ë¶m§M d¶ hmoV§

gÎmmdrg dfmªM§. ‘hmamï´>m~mhoa EdT>çm bm§~À¶m àdmgmbm OmÊ¶mMr

Am{U AJXr {^Þ Xoe, g‘mO ~KÊ¶mMr Ë¶m§Mr ~hþVoH$ n{hbrM

doi hmoVr. Ë¶m‘wio nwñVH$mV H$mhr àg§Jr Ë¶m§À¶m "qhXÿ' (qhXþËddmXr

Zìho) ‘Zmbm ~gbobo Y¸o$ ghO OmUdVmV. {Q>Ho$H$am§Mm {‘Ìn[adma

‘moR>m hmoVm. na§Vw Ë¶m§M§ {bImU Am{U ~mobU§ naIS> Am{U gS>oVmoS>

Agë¶mZ§ Ë¶m§Mm eÌwn[admahr Ë¶m§À¶m {‘Ìn[admamBVH$mM ‘moR>m hmoVm.

nw. b. Xoenm§S>o ¶m§Zr {Q>Ho$H$am§da {b{hboë¶m EH$m boImV åhQ>bo Amho

H$s "{Q>Ho$H$am§Zm eÌy {Z‘m©U H$aÊ¶mMr H$bm Mm§JbrM AdJV Amho'.

Odinmg 90 dfmªnyduM§ ho nwñVH$ ‘bm nwZ‘w©{ÐV H$amd§ Ag§ H$m

dmQ>b§ Agm àý dmMH$m§Zm nSy> eH$Vmo. ho nwñVH$ nwZ‘w©{ÐV H$aÊ¶m‘mJo

H$maU§ AZoH$ AmhoV. ¶m N>moQ>oImZr nwñVH$mM§ Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘yë¶ ‘moR>§

AmR> / ‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar

SAMPLE C

ONTENTAmho. ¶m nwñVH$mV gm‘mdboë¶m ‘wgb‘mZr ‘wbIm§M§ Mjwd£gË¶‘²

{ZarjU H$aUma§ ho ‘amR>rVrb n{hb§M nwñVH$ Agmd§. {dgmì¶m

eVH$mÀ¶m Ama§^mg A‘o[aHo$Vrb gm‘m{OH$ emóm§À¶m g§emoYZmV

Jå¶ Agboë¶m {dÛmZm§Zr AZw^dmË‘H$ (EpånarH$b) g§emoYZ nÕVrM§

‘hÎd AYmoaopIV Ho$b§. ¶m "AZw^ddmXmMr' (Epånar{gP‘) noaUr

Xþgè¶m ‘hm¶wÕmZ§VaÀ¶m bJVÀ¶m H$mimV ‘moR>çm à‘mUmda Pmbr.

A‘o[aH$Z g‘mOemókm§Zr {d{dY A{e¶mB© Am{U Am{’«$H$s XoemV

àË¶j OmD$Z {VWbo g‘mO, g§ñH¥$Vr, B{Vhmg Am{U amOH$maU ¶m§Mm

doY KoVbm. ¶mVyZM "E[a¶m ñQ>S>rO' ¶m {dÚmemIoMr {Z{‘©Vr Pmbr.

{Q>Ho$H$am§M§ àñVwV nwñVH$, Oar g§emoYZ nÕVrZwgma {b{hbob§ Zgb§,

Var ¶mM OmVHw$irVb§ Amho. ho nwñVH$ AmVm Xþ{‘©i Amho na§Vw AmOhr

ho nwñVH$ gd© àH$maÀ¶m dmMH$m§À¶m ng§Vrg CVê$ eH$V§ BVH§$ amoMH$

Amho.

n{ü‘ Am{e¶m qH$dm AmOH$mb Á¶mbm ‘Ü¶ nyd© Ag§ g§~moYb§

OmV§ Vmo àXoe Jobo {H$Ë¶oH$ eVH§$ OJmÀ¶m B{VhmgmV Am{U

amOH$maUmV ‘hÎdmMm àXoe am{hbm Amho. noQ´>mo{b¶‘À¶m Omoamda ‘Ü¶

nyd}Vrb Xoe lr‘§V Pmbo, ZOaoV âUmar ^m¡{VH$ àJVr Ho$br ho Iao

na§Vw ¶m àXoemVb§ g‘mOH$maU Am{U amOH$maU H$m¶‘M YJYJV§

am{hb§ Amho. nmümË¶ gÎmm§Zr, {d{dY amÁ¶mV gÎmoda ~g{dbobo d

Vir CMbyZ Yabobo "hþHy$‘emh' ào{gS|>Q²g, J¥h¶wÕ, amï´>m- amï´>m§Vrb

¶wÕ, amOH$s¶ ~§S>mù¶m, H«$m§Vr, ‘Ü¶¶wJrZ H$m¶XoH$mZyZ, {e¶m- gwÞr

Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m Cnn§WmVrb d¡‘Zñ¶, {ó¶m§darb H$S>H$ ~§YZo Am{U

Bñbm‘À¶m ZmdmImbr XheVdmX ‘mOdyZ Am{U qhgmMmamMm AmJS>m|~

noQ>dyZ OJmbm Amobrg YaUmè¶m H$mhr Ohmb g§KQ>Zm ¶m gd© Jmoï>tZr

¶m àXoembm Jobr {H$Ë¶oH$ dfª OmJ{VH$ amOH$maUmÀ¶m H|$ÐñWmZr R>odb§

‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar / ZD$

SAMPLE C

ONTENTAmho. ¶m Aem àXoemMm H$mhr mJ (BamH$ Am{U BamU) ZìdX dfmªnydu

H$gm hmoVm, {VWbo g‘mO, MmbrarVr, {VWë¶m gw{e{jV bmoH$m§Mr

Am{U ZoË¶m§Mr ^maV Am{U ^maVmÀ¶m ñdmV§Í¶ bT>çm~ÔbMr AmñWm

Am{U ¶m àdmgmV Ambobo {Q>Ho$H$am§Mo àdmgmVrb amoMH$ AZw^d ho

gma§ dmMZr¶ Amho. AZoH$ dfmªnydu amÁ¶emómV E‘. E. H$aVmZm ‘r

"n{ü‘ Am{e¶m'da EH$ H$mog© Ho$bm hmoVm V|ìhmnmgyZ ‘bm ¶m àXoemMm

B{Vhmg, dV©‘mZ KS>m‘moS>r ¶mV éMr hmoVr Am{U AmOhr Amho åhUyZM

ho nwñVH$ nwZ‘w©{ÐV H$aÊ¶mM§ R>adb§.

àñVwV nwñVH$mM§ åhUOoM ‘wgb‘mZr ‘wbIm§Vbr ‘wem’$arM§

nwZ‘w©ÐU Og§À¶m Vg§ åhUOo AJXr 1931À¶m Amd¥Îmrà‘mUo,

Voìhm§À¶m ‘amR>r ì¶mH$aUmÀ¶m {Z¶‘mZwgma Ho$bo Amho. ‘yi ‘OHw$amda

Hw$R>bohr g§nmXH$s¶ g§ñH$ma Ho$bobo ZmhrV. ‘mÌ nwñVH$mV C„oIboë¶m

Ë¶m H$mimVrb Am{U B{VhmgmVrb KQ>Zm Am{U ì¶º$s ¶m§À¶m

g§~§Yr nwñVH$mÀ¶m AIoarg g§nmXH$s¶ Q>rnm {Xboë¶m AmhoV. VgoM

{Q>Ho$H$am§Mm àdmg Hw$R>o Hw$R>o Pmbm Am{U àdmg‘mJ© H$moUVm hmoVm

ho g‘OyZ KoÊ¶mgmR>r Mma ZH$meohr KmVbo AmhoV. ZH$meo à‘m{UV

ñdê$nmMo ZmhrV. nwñVH$mVrb ’$moQ>mo d {MÌo ‘yi nwñVH$mVrb ZmhrV.

¶m nwñVH$mMo nwZ‘w©ÐU H$aÊ¶mgmR>r Am{U g§nmXH$s¶ Q>rnm

d ZH$meo A§V y©V H$aÊ¶mgmR>r lr. am. {Q>Ho$H$am§À¶m H$Ý¶m lr‘Vr

dgwYm n§{S>V ¶m§Zr nadmZJr {Xë¶m~Ôb; Am{U "B§qH$J BZmoìhoeÝg'

Am{U B§{S>¶m {àqQ>J dŠg©Mo lr. AmZ§X {b‘¶o ¶m§Zr ho nwZ‘w©ÐU

H$ê$Z àH$m{eV Ho$ë¶m~Ôb XmoKm§Mo ‘Z…nyd©H$ Am^ma. VgoM ‘w§~B©

{dœ{dÚmb¶mÀ¶m ^yJmob {d^mJmMo S>m°. àgmX JmoJQ>o ¶m§Zr ZH$meo

H$mTy>Z {Xë¶m‘wio nwñVH$mV ‘mobmMr â nS>br Amho Ë¶m§Mohr Am^ma.

AéUbm ({Q>Ho$H$a) Amnë¶m H$mH$m§À¶m åhUOo lr. am. {Q>Ho$H$am§À¶m

Xhm / ‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar

SAMPLE C

ONTENTJ«§Wg§nXoVrb H$mhr nwñVH$m§M§ nwZà©H$meZ H$amd§ dm Ë¶m§À¶m àH$m{eV gm{hË¶mMm narjUmË‘H$ AmT>mdm ¿¶mdm Ag§ dmQ>V hmoV§. na§Vw Ë¶mÀ¶m AmH$pñ‘H$ {ZYZm‘wio Vo gma§ amhÿZ Job§. åhUyZ hm Aëngm ^ma nobm¶Mm Ag§ ‘r R>adb§. åhUyZM ‘wgb‘mZr ‘wbIm§Vbr ‘wem’$arMr hr nwZ‘w©{ÐV Amd¥Îmr AéUÀ¶m ñ‘¥Vrg An©U.

‘Zrfm {Q>Ho$H$a1 ’o$~«wdmar 2019

‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar / AH$am

SAMPLE C

ONTENTg§nmXH$mMr àñVmdZm VrZ Vo AH$am

àH$meH$mM| {ZdoXZ (àW‘ Amd¥Îmr) n§Yam-gmoim

nÌ| ‘w¸$m‘ n¥ð>|1-5 n{hcm … noemda 1-30

6-9 Xþgam … ~gam 31-55

10 {Vgam … Am~mXmZ 56-67

11-14 MdWm … ~JXmX 68-97

15-17 nm§Mdm … VohamZ 98-134

18-19 ghmdm … ³doÅ>m 135-157

n[a{eï>|n{hc| … ‘¶yamgZ 158-167

Xþga| … BamUm§Vrc AZw^d 168-174

{Vga| … àdmgm§Vrc ‘m¡Om 175-181

g§nmXH$s¶ Q>rnm 183-200

ZH$meo 201-207

AZwH«$‘{UH$m

SAMPLE C

ONTENT‘w¸$m‘ {Vgam … Am~mXmZ

(10)

""qH$ gwI‘àdmgJ‘Z‘²'' Ag| ^V¥©harZo H$m§ åhQ>c| Agmdo§ h|

~gè¶mhÿZ BH$S>o ¶oVm§Zm CÎm‘ àH$ma| ‘Zmda q~~c|! ~gam d Am~mXmZ

¶m§‘Yrc A§Va ’$ma Va nÞmg ‘¡c Agoc. Zoh‘r ‘moQ>matMr Om-¶o Mmcy

AgVo; Varhr Ìmg d AS>MUtZrM ‘Zwî¶ ~oOma hmoVmo. ¶mM| H$maU

åhUOo ht XmoÝhr Jmd| {^Þ amÁ¶gÎmoImcr AmhoV h| hmo¶. BamH$s amÁ¶m§V

~gam eha ‘moS>V| d Am~mXmZ BamUr A‘cm§Vc| Amho. BamU‘Ü¶o

H$moUmhr àdmemg BamH$m§Vrc ehamhÿZ OmU| Pmë¶mg Xodr H$mT>ë¶mMm

d ßcoJMr cg Q>moMyZ KoVë¶mMm Ago XmoZ XmIco {‘idmdo cmJVmV.

WmoS>³¶m§V gm§Jmd¶mM| Va Ag| åhUVm§ ¶oB©c H$s, Xodr H$mT>dyZ KoD$Z

BZm°³¶wcoeZhr H$ê$Z ¿¶md| cmJV|o! h| Xþhoar {dH$VM| lmÕ ’w$H$Q>m§V

nXam§V nS>V| hr Ë¶m§Vë¶m Ë¶m§V g‘mYmZmMr Jmoï> Amho. nU cg Q>moMVm§Zm

Amnë¶mH$S>o {OV³¶m H$miOrnyd©H$ ñdÀN>VoMr I~aXmar R>odcr OmVo

{VVH$s BH$S>rc àm§Vt KoV ZmhrV Ag| {XgV|. CXmhaUmW©, ßcoJMr

cg Q>moMÊ¶mnydr© {nMH$mar d gwB© CH$iË¶m ìh°gcrZZo BVaÌ YwVmV.

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar / 57

na§Vw hr XjVm ~gè¶mg ‘wirM ~miJcr Jocr Zmhr. CcQ> J§Ocoë¶m

gw¶m Cn¶moJm§V AmUmì¶m cmJë¶m! ‘hmï´>m§V d H$Zm©Q>H$m§V nydu ßcoJMo

doir§ CS>mcoë¶m H$hamghr H$maU Aem àH$maMm {ZîH$miOrnUmM hmoVm

h| R>mD$H$ Agë¶mZo AmnUm§dahr H$m¶ àg§J ¶oB©c H$moU OmUo Aem

^rVrZo XmoZ VrZ {Xdg ‘r J«ñV hmoVm|. nU gwX¡d|H$ê$Z H$m§hrhr Pmc|

Zmhr. XmoÝhr XmIco {‘idyZ BamH$s A{YH$mè¶m§H$S>o Joë¶mda Ë¶m§Zr,

BamUm§V OmÊ¶mgmR>r BamH$ gaH$maMr g§‘{V Agë¶m{dZm Ë¶m nadmÝ¶mg

qH$‘V Zmhr, åhUyZ BamUr d{H$cmMm Ë¶mda {e¸$m‘moV©~ {‘i{dcm.

XmoÝhr doim§g AWm©VM gaH$macm "X{jUm'hr Úmdr cmJcr. BVH|$

hmoD$Zhr ^mJc| Zmhr. ‘moQ>matVyZ àdmg H$arV AgVm§, àW‘V… BamH$

gaH$maMo d Z§Va BamUr gaH$maMo A{YH$mar ¶oD$Z Ë¶m§Zr gm‘mZgw‘mZ

CKSy>Z nmhÿZ nmgnmoQ>©da Amnmnë¶m gøm Ho$ë¶m.

~gè¶mhÿZ Am~mXmZcm OmÊ¶mMo añVo XmoZ; EH$, eQ>-Ac-

Aa~ ZXtVyZ hmoS>çm§VyZ OmÊ¶mMm Am{U Xþgam, ^y‘mJm©Z| ‘moQ>matVyZ

OmÊ¶mMm. Xþgam ‘mJ© gmo¶rMm Amho. H$maU Vmo àdmg ËdaoZo AmQ>nVmo.

na§Vw Ìmg BVH$mM H$s, XmoZXm ZXr Amocm§Smdr cmJVo. Am~mXmZ h| ~oQ>

Amho. ~gè¶mhÿZ ZXrnma hmoD$Z Xþgè¶m Vrar§ Amë¶mda ‘moQ>matV ~gyZ

‘mohmo‘oè¶mcm Omd¶mM| hmoV|. gw‘mao n§Mdrg ‘¡cm§Mm àdmg AË¶§V ê$j

Aem dmid§Q>m§VyZ H$amdm cmJVmo. ‘¥JOcmZo h[aUm§Mr Va ’$gdUyH$

hmoB©cM. nU AJXr kmZr ‘Zwî¶|hr Ë¶m Aä¶mgmcm ^wcVmV h| Amü¶©!

BVHo$ hþ~ohþ~ Ocg§M¶ Ñï>rg nS>VmV. ZXrncrH$S>o Z nmhVm§ BVa

H$moUË¶mhr {Xeocm nm{hc| Va AJXr gnmQ> ‘¡XmZ AmT>ioc. EH$ {hadr

JdVmMr H$mS>r XoIrc Ñ{ï>nWm§V ¶md¶mMr Zmhr. ‘J d¥jamOrMr

Jmoï> H$emcm? h| aU CÝhmù¶m§V aIaIrV dmQ>V| Am{U nmdgmù¶m§V

Zoh‘rMm MmoImicocm añVm gmoSy>Z XþgarH$S>o Joë¶mg "‘hmn§Ho$' {Z‘¾

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

58 / ‘wgc‘mZr ‘wcIm§Vcr ‘wem’$ar

Pmcoë¶m H$ny©a{VcH$mà‘mU| AdñWm hmoVo. ¶m {MIcm§V C§Q>À¶m C§Q>

JS>n hmoVmV Ag| gm§JVmV! ‘mohmo‘oamg Amë¶mda nwZ… eQ>-Ac-Aa~

Amocm§Sy>Z Am~mXmZ ~oQ>m§V àdoe H$amd¶mMm d ‘moQ>ma‘YyZ ‘w¸$m‘t

¶md¶mM| Agm hm MT>CVmamMm àdmg Amho. ZXrda nyc H$moR>ohr Zgcm

Var, chmZ‘moR>çm hmoS>çm BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o gma»¶m ¶oaPmam KmcrV

Agë¶mZo H$mcjon Z hmoVm§ n¡cVrat OmVm§ ¶oV|.

BamUm§V KmgcoQ> VocmMm gmR>m {dnwc Amho Am{U V| IUyZ

H$mTy>Z ewÕ H$aÊ¶mM| H$m‘ EH$m {dcm¶Vr H§$nZrg {‘imc| Amho.

Ë¶m gd© àM§S> H$maImÝ¶mM|M Jmd åhUOo Am~mXmZ hmo¶. A±½cmo-

n{e©¶Z Am°Bc H§$nZrÀ¶m H$maImÝ¶m‘wioM Am~mXmZ ho§ Jm§d dgc|

Ag| åhUÊ¶mg àË¶dm¶ Zmhr. H$maU Am~mXmZMr dñVr gw‘mao

70,000 AgyZ Vr ~hþVoH$ gd© Ë¶m H§$nZrÀ¶mM H$m‘Jmam§Mr d Ë¶m§À¶m

Hw$Q>§w~m§Vrc ‘§S>irMr Amho. AmJ~moQ>rVyZ Am~mXmZH$S>o nm{hc| åhUOo

EH$m ‘moR>çm Am¡Úmo{JH$ ehamOdi AmnU Amhm|V Ag| dmQ>V|. H$mim

Yya {Zù¶m AmH$mem§V gX¡d gmoS>Umè¶m H$mù¶m C§M {M‘Ê¶m Am{U

VocmÀ¶m ‘moR>‘moR>çm Q>m³¶m BVH|$M H$m¶ V| Xþê$Z {XgV|. ^y‘mVoÀ¶m

Jù¶m§V hm cmoI§S>r e¥§JmagmO {~S>mÀ¶m ‘moR>çm Zim§V AmodyZ KmVcm

Amho, Aer H$ënZm EImXm H$drMr, ¶m àM§S> Q>m³¶m d Ë¶m§Zm

OmoS>Umao Zi nmhÿZ hmoB©c. ‘w§~B©cm dmS>r~§XaÀ¶m ~mOyg Ogo am°Ho$c

(Vocm) Mo {dñV¥V hm¡X AmhoV, Vgo VrZe|hÿZ A{YH$ hm¡X EH$Q>çm

Am~mXmZÀ¶m H$maImÝ¶m§V AmT>iVrc. gw‘mao 36 {M‘Ê¶m Amnë¶m

Vm|S>m§VyZ H$mim Yya ’w§$H$V Agcoë¶m nmhÿZ H$moUmghr hm H$maImZm

nmhÊ¶mMr CËH$Q> BÀN>m hmoVo. ¶m AdmT>ì¶ {dñVmamÀ¶m Am¡Úmo{JH$

eham§V gw‘mao VrZ hOma qhXr cmoH$ AmhoV. ‘w»¶V… "~m~y' cmoH$,

åhUOo H$maHy$Z, ¶m§MmM âUm OmñV. H$m§hr ‘Oyahr AmhoV. qhXr

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


dñVtV {Z‘JmoaoM A{YH$ Agc| Var {h§XþñWmZm§Vrc àË¶oH$ àm§VmMm d

àË¶oH$ ^mfoMm Z‘wZm Am~mXmZ‘Ü¶o§ nmhmd¶mg {‘iVmo. ‘hmamï´>mÀ¶m

dm§Q>çmg Amcocr ‘§S>ir hmVmÀ¶m ~moQ>m§da ‘moOÊ¶mBVH$sM AmhoV.

¶mM| H$maU Am‘Mr KaH$m|~S>onUmMr d¥{Îm Agmdr. H$maImÝ¶mMr gd©

ì¶dñWm B§J«O A{YH$mè¶m§À¶m hmVm§V Agë¶mZo Am{U gÜ¶m a{e¶mÀ¶m

cmc {ZemUmg Om°Z ~w„ ~wOV Agë¶mZo àojH$m§Zm àdoe {‘iU|

~hþe… XþamnmñVM hmoV|! H$m§hr {Xdgm§nydu a{e¶Z ~moëeopìhH$m§Mm CnÐd

¶oWohr gwê$ Pmë¶mM| Ñï>moËnÎmrg Amë¶mnmgyZ H$m‘Jmam§Zm H$m‘mda

OmÊ¶mgmR>r nadmZo XmIdyZ Am§V Omd| cmJV|. Aem H$S>H$ {Z~ªYm‘wio

hm H$maImZm nmhÊ¶mg {‘ioc H$s Zmhr ¶mMr e§H$mM hmoVr. nU lr.

Z. qM. Ho$iH$am§Mo EH$ {Zñ‘r‘ MhmVo Am{U dmL²>‘¶ào‘r ‘hmamï´>r¶

gX²J¥hñW Ë¶m H$maImÝ¶m§V ‘moR>çm hþÔçmMo OmJt Agë¶mZo Ë¶m§À¶m

IQ>nQ>r‘wio H$maImZm nmhÊ¶mg nadmZJr {‘imcr, BVH|$M Zìho Va,

XmoZ A{YH$mar ~amo~a XoD$Z ’$moQ>mo KoÊ¶mMrhr Img AZwkm "Ho$gar'À¶m

à{V{ZYrg {‘imcr. hr Jmoï> AJXr Anyd© Aer Agë¶mM| VoWrc

{H$Ë¶oH$ A{YH$mè¶m§Zr ~mocyZ gwÕm XmI{dc|!

Amnc| {ZË¶mon¶moJmM| KmgcoQ> Voc ImUtVyZ {ZKV| h| AmVm

~hþVoH$m§g R>mD$H$ Pmc| Amho. Am~mXmZnmgyZ XrS>eo ‘¡cm§da ‘g{OX-

B-gwco‘mZ ¶m {R>H$mUr d Amgnmg VocmÀ¶m nwîH$i {d{har AmhoV.

nmÊ¶mÀ¶m ‘moH$ù¶m d CKS>çm {d{harà‘mUo ¶m VocmÀ¶m ImUr IUU| Bï>

ZgV|. EH$ Va Am§Vrc Voc OmoamZ| Cgir ‘mê$Z da Amë¶mZo AmOy~mOyg

CSy>Z ’w$H$Q> OmV| Am{U Xþga| ‘hÎdmM| H$maU Ag| H$s, AmJrMr ’$ma

^r{V AgVo. Voc ÁdmcmJ«mhr Agmd¶mM|M. nU Vocm~amo~aM AZoH$

àH$maMo dm¶w ^yJ^mªVyZ ~mhoa nS>VmV, Vo {deof ÁdmcmJ«mhr AgVmV.

åhUyZ KmgcoQ> (Voc) h| ~§X Ho$coë¶m Z{cH$mHy$nm§‘YyZ (Q>çy~ doëg)

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


n§nmZo CngyZ H$mT>VmV. CÎm‘ dmH$~Jma nmZmS>o {d{harg nmUr H$moR>o

cmJoc h| gm§JÊ¶m§V nQ>mB©V AgVmV, VgoM BH$S>o "VocmS>o'hr AgVmV

Am{U Ë¶m§À¶m gm§JÊ¶mdê$Z {dhra IUÊ¶mg àma§^ hmoVmo.

BamUÀ¶m mJm§V {dnwc I{ZO Voc gmnS>oc Ag| yJ^©doÎmo åhUV.

B.g. 1872 nmgyZ EH$m gmho~mZo ¶m VocImUr emoYyZ H$mT>Ê¶mgmR>r

nwîH$i à¶ËZ H$ê$Z nm{hco. na§Vw {d{hatV VocmMo Pao Z AmT>iVm§

nmÊ¶mMoM cmJco. Ë¶mMm à¶ËZ {Zî’$i Pmë¶mda B.g. 1901 ‘Ü¶|

Xþgam ^m§S>dcdmcm Amnc| Zer~ ~cdÎma Amho H$s¨ Zmhr V| nmhÊ¶mg

Amcm. Ë¶mZo gmR> dfmªMm H$ama H$ê$Z n¥ÏdrÀ¶m nmoQ>mcm ^moH|$ nmSy>Z

nmhÊ¶mg gwédmV Ho$cr. gmV dfmªÀ¶m à¶ËZmZ§Va ‘g{OX-B-gwco‘mZ

¶oWo EH$ ‘moR>| Wmoac| OmoamM| H$ma§O| CSy>Z Am§V nwîH$i VocmMm gmR>m

Agë¶mM| H$ic|. BamUr amÁ¶m§V Z¡g{J©H$ arË¶m gmnS>Umè¶m ¶m VocmMm

¶mo½¶ Vmo Cn¶moJ BamUr amÁ¶mg ìhmdm Am{U BamUr àOoM| {hV ìhmd|

¶m CXmÎm hoVy§Zr ào[aV hmoD$Z "OJmÀ¶m H$ë¶mUm'Mm ‘º$m KoUmè¶m

B§J«Om§Zr EH$ H§$nZr ñWmnZ Ho$cr! {VM| Zmd "A±½cmo-n{e©¶Z Am°Bc

H§$nZr, {c{‘Q>oS>,' Ag| Amho. H$moQ>çd{Y én¶m§Mo§ ^m§S>dc Jmoim H$ê$Z

ImUrda n§n ~g{dÊ¶m§V Amco, ZdrZ {d{har ImoXë¶m Joë¶m Am{U

ImUtVyZ {ZKUmè¶m VocmMr ’$m¶Xoera {dëhodmQ> cmdÊ¶mMr ¶moOZm

AmIcr Jocr. ImUtVyZ Amcoc| Voc {hadQ> H$miga AgyZ XmQ> AgV|.

V| àW‘V… VmndyZ ‘J Ë¶mMo {Za{Zamio àH$ma H$aVm§ ¶oVmV. ‘g{OX-

B-gwco‘mZnmgyZ Voc H$moR>o Ý¶md| hm àýM hmoVm. H$maU VocmÀ¶m

ewÕrH$aUmgmR>r nmUr {dnwc cmJV| Am{U {dcm¶Vog V| Voc admZm

H$aÊ¶mgmR>r H$m§hr Var gmo¶ H$amdr cmJVo. Voìhm eQ>-Ac-Aa~

¶m ZXrÀ¶m H$m§R>r Am~mXmZ h| eha ng§V H$aÊ¶m§V ¶oD$Z ¶m {R>H$mUr

AË¶§V {dñV¥V Agm H$maImZm ~m§YÊ¶m§V Amcm. ImUtVyZ Amcoc|

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


XmQ> Voc Vmn{dc| H$s, Ë¶m§Vrc Jmi Imcr ~gVmo. nmVi H$miga

am{hcoc§o Voc åhUOo AmnUm§H$S>o {‘iUma| H«y$S> Am°Bc. AmJ~moQ>tV

qH$dm AmJJmS>çm§V h|M OmiyZ CîUVm CËnÞ H$aVmV. Vg|M Am°Bc

E§{OZm§Vrc H«y$S> Am°Bc dmnaÊ¶mMm àKmV ~aoM OUm§g {d{XV Agoc.

h|M Hy«$S> Am°Bc Zm{dH$ ÁdcZ (A°S²>{‘aëQ>r â¶wEc) åhUyZ B§J«Or

~mOmanoR>|V AmoiIc| OmV|. ¶m VocmÀ¶m daMr nm¶ar åhUOo Zoh‘rM|

KmgcoQ> Voc; Am{U Ë¶mÀ¶mhr daM| noQ´>moc. ¶m ‘w»¶ ^m§dS>m§‘Ü¶o

AmUIr {H$Vr Var àH$ma AmhoV. nU ‘w»¶ ‘w»¶ VodT>oM AmnUm§g

nmhmd¶mMo AmhoV. ImUtVyZ Amcoc| KÅ> Voc CîU Ho$c| åhUOo Ë¶m§VyZ

H$m§hr dm¶w ~mhoa {ZKVmV. Ë¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ noQ´>moc H$aÊ¶mH$S>o {deof

hmoVmo. Vo dm¶w W§S> Ho$co H$s ~oÝPrZ åhUyZ EH$ ‘hÎdmM| Ðì¶ V¶ma

hmoV|. ZwgV| CîU Ho$ë¶mZo ewÕ KmgcoQ> {‘iU| H$R>rU AgV|. Ë¶mgmR>r

Ë¶m KmgcoQ>da nwîH$i g§ñH$ma H$amdo cmJVmV. EH$ àH$maÀ¶m {d{eï>

dmiy§VyZ V| JmiyZ H$mT>c| åhUOo AJXr ñdÀN> hmoD$Z Ë¶m§Vrc gmMcocr

KmU {ZKyZ OmVo. noQ´>mocgwÕm AZoH$ Am¡fYtÀ¶m gmhmæ¶mZo Ywdmd| cmJV|

d Z§VaM Vo§ {dH«$sg ¶mo½¶ hmoV|. hr {H«$¶m WmoS>³¶m§V {chÿZ Pmcr Iar.

nU Vr KS>dyZ AmUU| A{Ve¶ XJXJrM| H$m‘ Amho. Voc Vmn{dVm§Zm

Ë¶mM§o CîUVm‘mZ gmaI| R>odmd| cmJV|. {dZmH$maU CîUVm ’w$H$Q> Z

OmB©c Aer ì¶dñWm H$aU| ’$m¶Xoera AgV|. {edm¶ W§S> nXmWmªg

àW‘ VmndyZ Z§Va nwZ… dm¶w gmoSy>Z W§S> H$aU| ¶m {H«$¶m Amdí¶H$

Agë¶mZo "AmMimM| XÿY AmMim§g' cmdÊ¶mMr H$‘r IMm©Mr ¶w{º$

A‘cm§V AmUU| {hVmdh hmoV|. åhUyZ AJXr AmYw{ZH$ emór¶ Cnm¶

A‘cm§V AmUÊ¶mgmR>r emókm§Mm Vm§S>m gmaIm nmogmdm cmJVmo. BVH|$hr

H$ê$Z AmJrMr ^¶§H$a ^r{V AgVo. Ë¶mgmR>r XjVm ~miJmdr cmJVo

Vr {ZamirM!

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


{dXohr OZH$ amOmMr Aer Jmoï> gm§JVmV H$s, Ë¶mMm EH$ nm¶

A¾tV AgyZ Xþgè¶m nm¶mg Vyn MmoirV AgV. AemM àH$maM| nU

OZH$mdahr VmU H$aUma| EH$ ¶§Ì am°Ho$c YwÊ¶mgmR>r Cn¶moJm§V AmUc|

OmV|. O‘©Z emókm§Zr øm gmYZmMm emoY ZwH$VmM cmdcm AgyZ

Vgë¶m VèhoM| ¶§Ì n¥Ïdrda EH$M Amho d V| O‘©ZtV. Voìhm ¶oWo

Ag| A{ÛVr¶ ¶§Ì AmUyZ ~g{dUmao d Mmc{dUmao O‘©ZM AmhoV.

Amnë¶mH$S>o ‘Ðmgr cmoH$m§Zr O‘mIMm©À¶m H$m‘mMm Ogm H$m§hr ‘º$m

{‘i{dcocm {XgVmo, VgmM gd© OJm§V emór¶ àJVrM| AJ«ogaËd

em‘©Ê¶Xoer¶m§Zm na‘oœamZo {Xcoc| Amho. ¶m ¶§ÌmÀ¶m EH$m ^mJmda

~’$m©Mm OmS>m Wa AgVmo, Va Xþgao ~mOyg OiOirV d CîU dmam

gmoS>Uma| nmVi Ðì¶ AgV|. KmgcoQ> Voc ¶m nÕVrZo AË¶§V WmoS>çm

IMm©Zo YwD$Z {ZKV|. ¶m ¶§ÌmMm {dñVma A{Ve¶ ‘moR>m AgyZ J§YH$mMm

Cn¶moJ ¶m§V Ho$cm OmVmo; åhUyZ V| nmhÊ¶mg OmUmè¶m ‘Zwî¶mÀ¶m

Kemcm Ìmg hmoD$Z R>gHo$ ‘mÌ cmJVmV. VoWrc Yya {dfmar Agë¶m‘wio

Zd{e³¶mg VoWo ’$ma doi amhÿ§ XoV ZmhrV. O‘©ZrZo "{dfmar Yya' ¶m

Zm§dmMm Omo dm¶w Joë¶m ‘hm¶wÕm§V Cn¶moJm§V AmUcm hmoVm Ë¶mgmaImM

hm Yya Amho Ag| åhUVmV.

¶m§{ÌH$ H$coMr nyU©Vm Pmcocr nmhmd¶mMr Agë¶mg am°Ho$c

âÊ¶mgmR>r nm§T>ao Mm¡H$moZr S>~o H$aVmV V| ImV| nmhmd|. MmnQ> nÌm

KoD$Z Ë¶mMo nm{hOo Ë¶m AmH$mamMo VwH$S>o H$mnyZ Ë¶m§da {e¸$m ‘mê$Z

Ë¶mMm S>~m ~Z{dÊ¶mM| H$m‘ ¶§Ìo§ AJXr AMyH$ Am{U ËdaoZo H$aVmV.

‘mUgm§Zr ’$º$ VwH$S>o nwT>| gaH$dmdo qH$dm H$i Xm~mdr, ¶mncrH$S>o

Ë¶m§Zm H$m§hr H$m‘ H$amd| cmJV Zmhr. S>~o V¶ma Pmë¶mda Vo PmiyZ

Ë¶m§Zm nm°{ce H$aÊ¶mM|, darc H$S>r cmdÊ¶mM§o d Z§Va Ë¶m§V Voc

âÊ¶mM| H$m‘ BV³¶m VmVS>rZo AmnmoAmn hmoV AgV| H$s, gd© ¶§Ìm§nwTy>Z

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


ZwgV| MmcV OmB©n¶ªV àW‘À¶m ¶§Ìm§V H$mnÊ¶mgmR>r KmVcoë¶m nÍ¶mMo

S>~o V¶ma hmoD$Z Ë¶m§V Vochr âc| OmV|! S>~o BH$Sy>Z {VH$S>o ZoÊ¶mgmR>r

"MmcVm nÅ>m' Amho, Ë¶mdê$Z S>~o nwT>o OmVmV Am{U H$mQ>H$moZm§Vhr

diVmV. ¶m {R>H$mUMr {H«$¶m ’$maM Hw$VyhcmoËnmXH$ Amho. ‘mJcm S>~m

¶oD$Z nwT>ë¶m S>ã¶mg Aem ~oVmZo Y¸$m XoVmo H$s, Ë¶m¶moJo Vmo ~amo~a

H$mQ>H$moZm§V diyZ nwT>o OmV amhrc. ahXmarÀ¶m doir§ ‘mUgm§Zm gwÕm

BV³¶m ì¶dñWoZo OmVm§ ¶oV Zmhr, Aem arVrZo am°Ho$c âcoco {ZOud

S>~o OmV AgVmV. Voc aÊ¶mM|hr H$m‘ Ag|M AmnmoAmn hmoV§o. EH$XrS>

{‘{ZQ>mÀ¶m Am§V Xhm ~mam S>~o EH$X‘ EH$ W|~hr Z gm§S>Vm§ ~amo~a

âco OmVmV. Ë¶m§Mr Vm|S>o ~§X H$ê$Z Ë¶m§Zm WmoS>o AmXiAmnQ> H$aVmV

V| AemH$[aVm H$s, ¶m doitM JiVr dJ¡ao Xmof Ñï>moËnÎmrg ¶mdoV.

cmH$S>r Mm¡H$Q>tV XmoZ S>~o ^ê$Z Vo MmcË¶m nÅ>çmZo WoQ> ~moQ>rÀ¶m

Y³³¶mn¶ªV OmVmV.

Aem ¶m KmgcoQ> VocmÀ¶m H$maImÝ¶mZo gw‘mao nm§M Mm¡ag ‘¡c OmJm

ì¶m{ncr AgyZ n§Yam hOma cmoH$m§Zm H$m‘ {Xc| Amho. H$maHw$Zm§ì¶{V[a³V

~hþVoH$ ‘Oya amÌ§{Xdg am~V AgVmV Am{U AmR> AmR> Vmgm§À¶m VrZ

nmù¶m R>acoë¶m AmhoV. amoOt AX‘mgmZo Vrg cmI J°cZ Voc JmiyZ

{ZKV|. Zoh‘rÀ¶m àMmam§Vcm {Q>ZMm Mm¡H$moZr S>~m Mma J°cZMm AgVmo.

Ago gmS>ogmV cmI S>~o ^ê$Z amoO Voc JmiÊ¶mMr ì¶dñWm Amho. Voc

JmiÊ¶mÀ¶m ^Å>çm chmZ‘moR>çm n§Mdrg Vrg AmhoV. Ë¶m§Vrc AJXr

AmYw{ZH$ Aer Or Amho, VtVM amoOt AmR> cj J°cZ Voc V¶ma

hmoV|. {Za{Zamù¶m Q>m³¶m VocmZo âcoë¶m AgVmV.Ë¶m§Zm OmoS>Umè¶m

gd© Zim§Mr cm§~r EH$Ì Ho$ë¶mg Vr ghO e§â ‘¡cm§hÿZ A{YH$

âoc! H$maImÝ¶m§Vrc ‘Owam§Zm OiUmgmR>r åhUyZ VocM {Xc§o OmV|.

H$maU ¶m ‘wcIm§V gn©UmMr AS>MU ’$ma Amho. Xadfu gw‘mao N>Îmrg

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


cmI J°cZ Voc H$a‘JmadJm©VM ’w$H$Q> dm§Q>co OmV|. BamUr gaH$macm

ñdm{‘ËdmgmR>r à{Vdfu gw‘mao Xhm cmI nm¢S> åhUOo XrS> H$mo{Q> én¶o

Úmdo cmJVmV, ¶mdê$Z H§$nZrcm ’$m¶Xm H$m¶ hmoV Agoc ¶mMr H$ënZm

H$amdr.

Am~mXmZ eha Ho$di A±½cmo-n{e©¶Z Am°Bc H§$nZrgmR>rM dg{dc|

Agë¶mM| da gm§{JVc| Amho. AWm©VM gd© gwIgmo¶r H§$nZrg H$amì¶m

cmJë¶m. H$moUË¶m gwIgmo¶r ¶oWo AmhoV, Ag| {dMmaÊ¶mnojm H$moUË¶m

ZmhrV Ag|M {dMmaU| ~a|. nmoï>, Vma, ~±H$ ¶m Va AJXr ‘hÎdmÀ¶mM

~m~r Pmë¶m. Ë¶m VoWrc gaH$maZo Ho$ë¶m Va Ë¶m§V Amü¶© H$gc|?

nU H$m‘Jmam§Zm amhÊ¶mMt Ka|, nmÊ¶mMo Zi, {dÚwXrn BË¶m{X KaJwVr

Jmoï>r XoD$Z IoiÊ¶mgmR>r H«$sS>m§JU, dmMZmc¶, é½Umc¶, Am¡fYmc¶

¶mhr gmo¶r Ho$ë¶m AmhoV. ajUmgmR>r Img ì¶dñWm AgyZ Jwá nmocrg

ImV|hr H§$nZrZo amIc| Amho h| {deof AmíM¶© hmo¶ Am{U Ë¶m§Vhr ‘m¡O

åhUOo hr H$s, àñVwV à{V{ZYrg H$maImZm XmI{dÊ¶mgmR>r Á¶m XmoZ

A{YH$mè¶m§Mr ¶moOZm H$aÊ¶m§V Amcr hmoVr Vo Jwá nmo{cg ImË¶m§Vrc

d[að>M hmoVo! a{e¶Z {dù¶mMr ^r{V AmO H$mc ’$ma dmQ>V Agë¶mZo

Ë¶m ImË¶mg {deof ‘hÎd àmá Pmc| Amho. Agmo.

H§$nZrÀ¶m ZmoH$am§Zm gd© àH$maMm ‘mc ¶mo½¶ mdmZo {‘imdm åhUyZ,

qH$dm Añgc {~«{Q>e ‘mcM Inmdm d nmZñdmV§Í¶mMr hm¡g nwa{dcr

Omdr ¶mgmR>r EH$ XþH$mZ CKS>coc| Amho. BVa H$moUË¶mhr ‘mcmnojm

‘{XaoMm In {H$Vr Var nQ>tZr A{YH$ AgVmo, h| ¶oWrc AmH$S>çm§dê$ZM

{gÕ hmoV|. H$m‘Jmam§Mr§ amhÊ¶mMt Ka| ‘w§~B©À¶m gaH$mar Mmitnojm {H$Vr

Var Mm§Jct AmhoV. Amamo½¶ImË¶mH$Sy>Z hmoV Agcocr gm’$gw’$sMr

d ñdÀN>VoMr ì¶dñWm nwU| eha å¶w{Z{gn°{cQ>rZo Va {eH$Ê¶mgmaIr

AmhoM, nU ‘w§~B©cmhr H$m§hr YS>o ¶m ì¶dñWonmgyZ KoVm§ ¶oVrc. BamUm§V

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


’°$³Q>ar A°³Q> Zgcm Var H$m‘Jmam§À¶m ZwH$gmZânmB©M|hr doJio§ ImV|

AgyZ AnKmVm‘wio nmoQ>mda JXm ¶oUmè¶m§g ânya ‘mo~Xcm XoÊ¶m§V ¶oVmo.

BamU h| ñdV§Í¶ amï´> Amho Am{U BVa OJmÀ¶m ‘mZmZo ‘mJo Agc|

Var ñdmV§Í¶mMr amï´>r¶ d¥{Îm Am{U ñd{hVVËnaVm ¶m§g V| AÚmn nmaI|

Pmc| Zmhr. {dœ~§YwËdmMr ‘mohH$ {eH$dU AOyZhr Ë¶mÀ¶m H$U©nWmda

Jococr {XgV Zmhr. H$maU ¶m àM§S> H$maImÝ¶m§V BamUr H$m‘Jmam§Mo

à‘mU gmcmogmc dmT>c|M nm{hOo Aer ‘moR>r AQ> H§$ÌmQ> XoVm§Zm KmVcr

Jocr Amho. åhUyZ eoH$S>m n§À¶mE|er H$m‘Jma BamUr àOmOZm§n¡H$s

AmhoV. daMr ‘cB© ImÊ¶mMt H$m‘| Jmoè¶m ~mim§Zm XoD$Z h‘mcr

H$m‘| H$aÊ¶mH$S>o AmO Ë¶m§Mm Cn¶moJ hmoV Amho Iam. nU EdT>çmZo

gaH$macm Amnc| H$V©ì¶ Ho$c§o Ag| dmQ>c| Zmhr. IwÔ Am~mXmZmÀ¶m

H$maImÝ¶m§V XrS>eo ‘wcm§Zm nJma XoD$Z ¶m§{ÌH$ H$m¡eë¶ {eH${dÊ¶mg

BamUr gaH$maZo H§$nZrg ^mJ nmS>c| Amh|. Xadfv ZdrZ ‘wc| V¶ma

hmoD$Z ~mhoa nmoQ> âÊ¶mg OmVmV Am{U AZwHy$c n[apñW{V AgUmar§

H$maImÝ¶m§VM {Q>Hy$Z amhVmV. à{Vdfu XmoZ BamUr {dÚmWu H§$nZrÀ¶m

IMm©Zo B§½c§S>‘Ü¶o V¡cemómMm CÀM Aä¶mgH«$‘ nwam H$aÊ¶mgmR>r

nmR>{dco OmVmV. Am‘À¶m qhXþñWmZm§V AZoH Y§Xo AmhoV. gaH$maZo

naH$s¶ m§S>dcdmë¶m§g nwîH$i gdcVr XoD$Z Ë¶m§Mo§ R>mU| ‘O~yV H$ê$Z

{Xc| Amho. nU Aem àH$maMr àOm{hVXjVoMr H$iH$i H$moUË¶m EH$m

Var H$mamam§V {XgV Agë¶mg A{YH$mè¶m§Zr Adí¶ OJmnwT>o ‘m§§S>mdr.

gmY| cîH$ar ImV| ¿¶m, VoWo gwÕm qhXr A{YH$mar R>odÊ¶mH$[aVm {H$Vr

AÅ>mhmg H$amdm cmJVmo! ho gmao nmaV§Í¶mMo àVmn!

¶wamo{n¶Z ‘Zwî¶ åhQ>cm H$s, Ë¶mcm XodmZo Oet H$m§hr A{YH$

H$mo‘c JmÌ| XoD$Z AmH$mem§VyZ EH$X‘ n¥Ïdrda nmoMV| Ho$c| Amho

Aer {H$Ë¶oH$m§Mr ^mdZm AgVo. {deofV… B§p½cem§Zm Vr {deof Amho

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


Ag| KS>moKS>r {XgyZ ¶oV§o. ¶oWrc H$maImÝ¶m§V B§J«O A{YH$mar d

H$m‘Jmahr AmhoV, nU E{e¶m{Q>H$ H$m‘Jmam§nojm ¶wamo{n¶Zmg A{YH$

nJma, A{YH$ gdcVr d A{YH$ gwIgmo¶r Ho$coë¶m AmT>iyZ ¶oVmV.

AJXrM àm‘w»¶mZo S>moù¶m§V âUmar Jmoï> åhUOo AJXr hdmera OmJoV

Ë¶m§À¶mgmR>r dg{dcoc| doJi| Jmd. Ë¶m§Mo ~§Jco {Zamio, Ë¶m§Mr ì¶dñWm

doJir, Ë¶m§Mr dñVrhr nU AJXrM {^Þ. Ë¶m§Zm EImXm S>moim A{YH$

Agë¶mM| qH$dm A{YH$ H$m‘ H$aÊ¶mgmR>r {Vgam hmV Agë¶mM| {XgV

Zmhr. Jm¡adU© hmM EH$ JwU Agoc Va BamUr àOmhr {VVH$sM Jm¡aH$m¶

gmnS>Vo. nU H$m§hr H$m H$maUmZo AgoZm, ¶wamo{n¶Zm§Zm ‘ohoaZOaoImcr

amhmd¶mg {‘iV|. h{OarnÌH$m§Vhr qhXr d ¶wamo{n¶Z Agm ôX Ho$cocm

H$maHw$Zm§Mo ~m~VtV Ñï>moËnÎmrg Amcm.

BVH$m Oar njnmV hmoV Agcm qH$dm BamUr gaH$maMm AmoT>m

BamUr cmoH$m§H$S>o Agcm Var, AÚm{n ‘hmamï´>r¶ H$m¶©H$Ë¶m©g

VoWo joÌ Amho. ~wÕrÀ¶m Omoamda Ë¶m§Zm H$moR>ohr Zm§d H$‘mdVm§ ¶oV§o.

nU àW‘V… Ë¶m§Zr ~mhoa nS>c| nm{hOo. ‘Ðmgr, n§Om~r, ~§Jmcr,

BË¶m{X àm§Vm§Mo {H$Vr Var cmoH$ naXoet OmV AgVm§ ‘hmamï´>r¶m§Zr

ñdñW amhU| Bï> Zmhr. Am{W©H$ ÑîQ>çm naXoeMr H$m‘{Jar cm^Xm¶H$

AgVo. H$maU gmÜ¶m H$maHw$Zmghr ¶oWo XrS>eo én¶o {‘iVmV!

ñdV…À¶m H$V©~Jmarg nyU© dmd nm{hOo Agë¶mg naXoet Joc| nm{hOo.

EH$mM {R>H$mUr gdmªZr JXu H$ê$Z ^mJUma Zmhr h| AmVm§ ñnï> {XgV

Amho. "nmoQ>mgmR>t ^Q>H$V Oar XÿaXoet' Omd| cmJc| Var Amnc| ñdËd

amIyZ ~Xcë¶m n[apñWVrer VÝ‘¶ hmoVm§ ¶oV| h| Xe©{dÊ¶mgmR>rM

H$s H$m¶, ¶oWo EH$ ‘hmamï´>r¶ Hw$Qw>§~m§V amhÊ¶mg ‘cm {‘imc|.

Am~mXmZ‘Ü¶o ‘wcm§‘§S>itgh amhUmao EH$M ‘hmamï´>r¶ J¥hñW AmhoV d

Ë¶m§À¶m nmhþUMmam§V AJXr Amnë¶m Kat Agë¶mà‘mUo dmQ>c|. Ho$di

SAMPLE C

ONTENT


‘mV¥^mfm EH$ åhUyZ AmnconUm Am{U AJË¶ {H$Vr dmQ>V| h| naXoet Joë¶mdaM H$iV|. ñd^mfoMm A{^‘mZhr OmJ¥V H$aÊ¶mg cm§~ naXoeMm àdmg ’$ma Cn¶moJr nS>oc! gÜ¶m ‘amR>r{df¶r CXmgrZ AgUmam§Zm OmXÿÀ¶m H$m§S>rZo AÝ¶ Xoem§V ZoD$Z R>odVm§ Amc| Va {H$Vr Var Bï> ~Xc KSy>Z ¶oB©c Ag| dmQ>ë¶mdmMyZ amhV Zmhr.

- Ho$gar, 12 d 26 ‘mM©, 1929

I{b’$ hê$Z Ab aerXZo AmR>ì¶m eVH$mV ~m§Ybobm BamH$‘Ybm gdm©V OwZm {‘Zma. {MÌ 1920À¶m XeH$mVb§

1920À¶m XeH$mVbm ~JXmX ehamVbm JO~Obobm añVm

SAMPLE C

ONTENT

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