COMMUNITY COMMUNITY ORGANIZING ORGANIZING –– PARTICIPATORY PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCH ACTION RESEARCH ( CO – PAR ) ( CO – PAR ) *-*-*-*-* *-*-*-*-* === ===

Community Organizing – Community Organizing – Participatory Action Participatory Action

ResearchResearch ( (CO-PAR) –CO-PAR) – It is a socio It is a socio developmental approach that aims to developmental approach that aims to transform/ apathetic and voiceless poor transform/ apathetic and voiceless poor into dynamic, participatory and politically into dynamic, participatory and politically responsive community.responsive community.

- A collective, participatory, - A collective, participatory, transformative process of building transformative process of building people’s organization by mobilizing and people’s organization by mobilizing and enhancing the capabilities and resources enhancing the capabilities and resources of the people for the resolution of their of the people for the resolution of their issues and concern towards affecting issues and concern towards affecting change in their existing oppressive and change in their existing oppressive and exploitative conditions.exploitative conditions.

A process by which a community A process by which a community identifies its needs and objectives, identifies its needs and objectives, develop confidence to take action in develop confidence to take action in respect to them by doing so, extend and respect to them by doing so, extend and develops cooperative and collaborative develops cooperative and collaborative attitudes and practices in the community.attitudes and practices in the community.

A continuous and sustained process of A continuous and sustained process of educating the people to understand and educating the people to understand and develop their critical awareness of their existing develop their critical awareness of their existing condition, working with the people collectively condition, working with the people collectively and efficiently on their immediate and long term and efficiently on their immediate and long term problems, and mobilizing the people to develop problems, and mobilizing the people to develop their capability and readiness to respond and their capability and readiness to respond and take action on their immediate needs towards take action on their immediate needs towards solving their long term problems. solving their long term problems.

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PHASES OF COMMUNITY PHASES OF COMMUNITY ORGANIZING- PARTICIPATORY ORGANIZING- PARTICIPATORY ACTION RESEARCHACTION RESEARCH

PRE-ENTRY PHASEPRE-ENTRY PHASE Site SelectionSite Selection Preliminary Social InvestigationPreliminary Social Investigation Theoretical PreparationTheoretical Preparation

ENTRY PHASEENTRY PHASE A. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PHASE / A. COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PHASE /

TUKLAS –DANGALTUKLAS –DANGAL A.1 PRE-RESEARCH AREAA.1 PRE-RESEARCH AREA Courtesy CallsCourtesy Calls Ocular SurveyOcular Survey IntegrationIntegration Identification of key leadersIdentification of key leaders 5. Deepening Social Investigation5. Deepening Social Investigation 6. Community Consultation6. Community Consultation

A.2. RESEARCH PHASEA.2. RESEARCH PHASE Training of the Local Research Training of the Local Research

CommitteeCommittee Community ConsultationCommunity Consultation Reflection SessionsReflection Sessions

B. COMMUNITY PLANNING PHASE/ B. COMMUNITY PLANNING PHASE/ TUKLAS TULONGTUKLAS TULONG

Core Group FormationCore Group Formation Training and SeminarsTraining and Seminars Community Development Action Plan Community Development Action Plan

FormulationFormulation

Planning Consultation Planning Consultation

Finalization and Packaging of Project Finalization and Packaging of Project ProposalsProposals

Reflection SessionsReflection Sessions

C. IMPLEMENTATION/ MONITORING & C. IMPLEMENTATION/ MONITORING & EVALUATION PHASE / TUKLAS EVALUATION PHASE / TUKLAS

LAKASLAKAS Implementation of Development Action PlanImplementation of Development Action Plan And’ or Project Proposal as ApprovedAnd’ or Project Proposal as Approved Training and SeminarsTraining and Seminars Formulation and Implementation of Monitoring Formulation and Implementation of Monitoring

and Evaluation Schemeand Evaluation Scheme Reflection SessionsReflection Sessions

III. ORGANIZATION – BUILDING III. ORGANIZATION – BUILDING STRENGTHENING STRENGTHENING

PHASE/ TUKLAS- PHASE/ TUKLAS- BALANGKASBALANGKAS

Formation and Formalization of People’s Formation and Formalization of People’s OrganizationOrganization

Sustenance of People’s OrganizationSustenance of People’s Organization

IV. INSTITUTIONALIZATION PHASEIV. INSTITUTIONALIZATION PHASE Expansion of ServicesExpansion of Services Further NetworkingFurther Networking Sustaining People’s OrganizationSustaining People’s Organization ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ********************

I.PRE – ENTRY PHASE I.PRE – ENTRY PHASE SITE SELECTION- SITE SELECTION- This is an activity that This is an activity that

includes networking and consultation with the includes networking and consultation with the local government officials and relevant agencies local government officials and relevant agencies to identify priority areas and determine available to identify priority areas and determine available health data about the selected area which could health data about the selected area which could provide information for initial planning. provide information for initial planning.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Searching of an appropriate community Searching of an appropriate community

for the CO – PAR.for the CO – PAR. Sending letters to the Local Government Sending letters to the Local Government

Unit for the intentions of the College.Unit for the intentions of the College. Availability of Health Data in the area Availability of Health Data in the area

through visits to Rural Health Units or through visits to Rural Health Units or Centers.Centers.

Ocular survey:Ocular survey: accessibility of transportationaccessibility of transportation Reception of peopleReception of people Safety of organizersSafety of organizers Community participationCommunity participation

Coordination Letters to schools, mayor, Coordination Letters to schools, mayor, barangay and a barangay and a

recommendation for the immersion.recommendation for the immersion.

GOOD CATCH……….GOOD CATCH……….

2. Preliminary Social Investigation2. Preliminary Social Investigation – This is – This is

a process of gathering issues such as true a process of gathering issues such as true sentiments, attitudes and knowledge about the sentiments, attitudes and knowledge about the lives of the people in a specific community lives of the people in a specific community selected for immersion. This may include selected for immersion. This may include primary and secondary data for initial primary and secondary data for initial community profiling and formulation of initial community profiling and formulation of initial plans of the community organizers.plans of the community organizers.

Purposes:Purposes: To become informed about the community she To become informed about the community she

is working with.is working with. Identify potential issues which might galvanize Identify potential issues which might galvanize

people to action. These issues must affect a people to action. These issues must affect a large number of people to be organized. The large number of people to be organized. The people must feel strong about these issues and people must feel strong about these issues and should be urgent and important so that the should be urgent and important so that the people will support and settle it as soon as people will support and settle it as soon as possible.possible.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Study existing data/ document/ reports on the people/s Study existing data/ document/ reports on the people/s

problems and maps which provide pertinent data as on problems and maps which provide pertinent data as on soil type, land ownership, use, water system and etc.soil type, land ownership, use, water system and etc.

Learn from the people themselves by observations, Learn from the people themselves by observations, engaging engaging

in dialogue and talking to key informants of the in dialogue and talking to key informants of the community.community.

3.THEORETICAL PREPARATION - 3.THEORETICAL PREPARATION - includes series ofincludes series of

lectures, trainings and planning of lectures, trainings and planning of activities of selected Faculty members activities of selected Faculty members and students assigned to the selected and students assigned to the selected community.community.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Seminar Workshop of the Faculty members . Seminar Workshop of the Faculty members .

Trainers will facilitate the workshops. Trainers will facilitate the workshops. Discussions will be focused onDiscussions will be focused on

DOH ThrustsDOH Thrusts NHSNHS PHCPHC CO-PARCO-PAR COCO Conflict ManagementConflict Management

Strategies:Strategies: participation gamesparticipation games role playsrole plays songs/ musicsongs/ music

Seminar Workshop for the studentsSeminar Workshop for the students Learning ContractsLearning Contracts Host team FormulationHost team Formulation Knowledge Skills and attitude on CO-PARKnowledge Skills and attitude on CO-PAR Orientation on the immersion processOrientation on the immersion process Short and long term plans of the immersionShort and long term plans of the immersion Orientation for the assignments and Orientation for the assignments and

designationsdesignations

3. Information to the barangay captain, 3. Information to the barangay captain, community folks and other community community folks and other community folks on the schedule of the immersion.folks on the schedule of the immersion.

HAPPY CO-PARHAPPY CO-PAR

MOA & SECURITY OF COMOA & SECURITY OF CO

II. ENTRY PHASE II. ENTRY PHASE A.COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PHASE- A.COMMUNITY DIAGNOSIS PHASE- This This

phase involves major organizing task designed phase involves major organizing task designed to awake/ raise consciousness among the poor to awake/ raise consciousness among the poor regarding their community situation and dignity as regarding their community situation and dignity as man. Given such consciousness, they will thus be man. Given such consciousness, they will thus be moved towards strategic planning and action. moved towards strategic planning and action.

PRE-RESEARCH PHASE PRE-RESEARCH PHASE ACTIVITIES :ACTIVITIES : Courtesy call to the mayor, sanguniang Courtesy call to the mayor, sanguniang

bayan, barangay captain, barangay bayan, barangay captain, barangay council, punong purok, Barangay health council, punong purok, Barangay health Workers and identified Health Care Workers and identified Health Care Providers.Providers.

2. Ocular Survey- 2. Ocular Survey- This is a process of This is a process of actually looking into the selected site for actually looking into the selected site for immersion. It includes inspecting the immersion. It includes inspecting the whole area by going into the community whole area by going into the community and actually viewing the area. and actually viewing the area.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: 1. Plan for a trip to the area/ community1. Plan for a trip to the area/ community Courtesy call to the local officialsCourtesy call to the local officials Coordinate with the local officials on the Coordinate with the local officials on the

safety of the community organizerssafety of the community organizers

Note salient points or areas of the Note salient points or areas of the community that will serve as guide or community that will serve as guide or support in the planning of activitiessupport in the planning of activities

A notice may be forwarded to the Health A notice may be forwarded to the Health

Care Units, Midwife or to the Barangay Care Units, Midwife or to the Barangay health Worker for the arrival. health Worker for the arrival.

3.Integration – A basic continuing 3.Integration – A basic continuing process by which the organizer becomes process by which the organizer becomes one with the poor by immersing himself/ one with the poor by immersing himself/ herself in the community.herself in the community.

staff housestaff house

Purposes:Purposes: For the organizers:For the organizers:

get to know the culture, economy, leaders, get to know the culture, economy, leaders, history, rhythms and lifestyle of the history, rhythms and lifestyle of the community.community.

Come to respect the people and see the Come to respect the people and see the liberating aspects of their culture that give liberating aspects of their culture that give them the strength to struggle.them the strength to struggle.

See how the social analysis one may have made of See how the social analysis one may have made of the national situation is manifested in the people’s the national situation is manifested in the people’s lives.lives.

See or the intuit God’s activity among the poor, since See or the intuit God’s activity among the poor, since the poor are the privileged site of God’s work today. the poor are the privileged site of God’s work today.

To be accepted as member of the community.To be accepted as member of the community. Change his or her values and own lifestyle.( ex. Change his or her values and own lifestyle.( ex.

Become more understanding and tolerant of the Become more understanding and tolerant of the poor, more dedicated and realistic, more humble.poor, more dedicated and realistic, more humble.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Live with the community for at least 3 months.Live with the community for at least 3 months. Visit as many people as possible in the Visit as many people as possible in the

community.community. Listen and/ or take part in small and informal Listen and/ or take part in small and informal

group discussions.( Sitio Classes)group discussions.( Sitio Classes) Share the people’s housing, food, Share the people’s housing, food,

entertainment and meetings. ( Socialization)entertainment and meetings. ( Socialization) Learning the language/ dialectLearning the language/ dialect

4.Identification of Key leaders- It is a 4.Identification of Key leaders- It is a systematic systematic

process of identifying indigenous process of identifying indigenous leaders in the leaders in the

community who can help facilitate the community who can help facilitate the change process.change process.

Purposes:Purposes: For the organizers to:For the organizers to: identify the key persons, opinion leaders identify the key persons, opinion leaders

and deviants or isolates in the and deviants or isolates in the community.community.

get the indigenous leaders to express get the indigenous leaders to express their support for your CO-PAR program.their support for your CO-PAR program.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Discreetly consult each community Discreetly consult each community

resident.resident. whom does she/he approach within the whom does she/he approach within the

community about a problem?community about a problem? Whom does she/he trust to lead/ manage a Whom does she/he trust to lead/ manage a

community project?community project?

After asking a majority of the community After asking a majority of the community residents, draw a sociogram of the residents, draw a sociogram of the community based on their responses.community based on their responses.

Sociogram- it is one of the organizer’s Sociogram- it is one of the organizer’s tool for understanding leadership tool for understanding leadership pattern in the communitypattern in the community

Analyze the sociogram and identify the key Analyze the sociogram and identify the key persons, opinion leaders and persons, opinion leaders and deviants/isolates.deviants/isolates.

Key persons – he/.she is the “ star” of the Key persons – he/.she is the “ star” of the sociogramsociogram

Opinion person – person approached by the Opinion person – person approached by the key person to support or behind the key key person to support or behind the key person’s ideas and opinions.person’s ideas and opinions.

Deviants/isolates – can hardly be approached Deviants/isolates – can hardly be approached and consulted even if they volunteer.and consulted even if they volunteer.

5.Deepening Social Investigation - 5.Deepening Social Investigation - It is It is an activity of the community organizers an activity of the community organizers to gather more data about the to gather more data about the community. These data were not found in community. These data were not found in the existing data or local record file.the existing data or local record file.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Comprehensive data gathering through Comprehensive data gathering through

interviews, records review and interviews, records review and participant observations. participant observations.

Updates of the original plan can be Updates of the original plan can be done.done.

6.Community Consultation-6.Community Consultation-This is an This is an activity of the community organizers that activity of the community organizers that enable the community residents to:enable the community residents to:

share their vision of a happy family and a share their vision of a happy family and a developed community.developed community.

Identify the obstacles (problems) that they Identify the obstacles (problems) that they encounter in trying to achieve their vision:encounter in trying to achieve their vision:

Make a collective decision to do a research Make a collective decision to do a research on the entire or on a selected problem/s.on the entire or on a selected problem/s.

Select appropriate person from among Select appropriate person from among them to compose their local research them to compose their local research committee.committee.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Seminar Workshop for Barangay Health Seminar Workshop for Barangay Health

WorkersWorkers

CO – PAR RolesCO – PAR Roles PHCPHC NHSNHS

Conduct the first assembly in the Conduct the first assembly in the community to be community to be

attended by the trained Barangay attended by the trained Barangay Health Workers.Health Workers.

Prepare the program for the assemblyPrepare the program for the assembly The community organizers will be The community organizers will be

present to facilitate the assembly.present to facilitate the assembly.

B. RESEARCH PHASEB. RESEARCH PHASE Training of the Local research CommitteeTraining of the Local research Committee

Problem Solving processProblem Solving process CO-PAR ProcessCO-PAR Process

data collection method and technical data collection method and technical development of toolsdevelopment of tools

planning for the actual data gatheringplanning for the actual data gathering data gatheringdata gathering data validationdata validation

Community consultation- A process of Community consultation- A process of getting feedback from the people on the getting feedback from the people on the performance of the selected local performance of the selected local research committee during their research committee during their training.training.

3. Reflection Sessions- This is a process 3. Reflection Sessions- This is a process of dealing with deeper, ongoing concerns of dealing with deeper, ongoing concerns to look at the positive values community to look at the positive values community organizers are trying to build in the organizers are trying to build in the organization. It is a time to reflect on the organization. It is a time to reflect on the reality of life compare to ideal.reality of life compare to ideal.

B. COMMUNITY PLANNING PHASE/ B. COMMUNITY PLANNING PHASE/ TUKLAS TULONGTUKLAS TULONG

CORE GROUP FORMATION – CORE GROUP FORMATION – This This involves developmentinvolves development

of a local planning committee.of a local planning committee.

2. Training and Seminars2. Training and Seminars Training on the following:Training on the following:

planningplanning objective settingsobjective settings community development action plancommunity development action plan Development of right attitudeDevelopment of right attitude

d.1. respect for the opinion of othersd.1. respect for the opinion of others d.2. resourcefulnessd.2. resourcefulness d.3 sharing and helpingd.3 sharing and helping d.4. importance of contributiond.4. importance of contribution d.5. significance of beautyd.5. significance of beauty d.6 effective planningd.6 effective planning d.7 accomplishment of plansd.7 accomplishment of plans

Community Development Action Community Development Action Plan FormulationPlan Formulation

After the training, the output of the After the training, the output of the committee is a community development committee is a community development action plan.action plan.

Planning ConsultationPlanning Consultation The community development action plan The community development action plan

made by the core group is presented to the made by the core group is presented to the community folks. Comments and clarification community folks. Comments and clarification regarding the plan will be discussed. regarding the plan will be discussed. Suggestions and comments will be Suggestions and comments will be entertained. GO’s and NGO’s will be invited entertained. GO’s and NGO’s will be invited to validate and give critic on the developed to validate and give critic on the developed plan. The Community Organizers will serve plan. The Community Organizers will serve as observers and documenters during this as observers and documenters during this consultation.consultation.

Finalization and Packaging of Project Finalization and Packaging of Project Proposal –Proposal – This is a process where the This is a process where the core group finalize the plan based on core group finalize the plan based on the comments, suggestions and the comments, suggestions and recommendations of the GO’s and recommendations of the GO’s and NGO’s. NGO’s.

Reflection Sessions –Reflection Sessions – A time for a A time for a sensitive and objective analysis of the sensitive and objective analysis of the performance and output of the core performance and output of the core group and their observers. group and their observers.

C. IMPLEMENTATION/MONITORING & C. IMPLEMENTATION/MONITORING & EVALUATION PHASE/ TUKLAS EVALUATION PHASE/ TUKLAS LAKASLAKAS

1. This phase shall include the actual 1. This phase shall include the actual putting the plan into work.putting the plan into work.

Considerations:Considerations: The activities in the action plan should The activities in the action plan should

be done by the key person involved.be done by the key person involved. A full participation and cooperation must A full participation and cooperation must

be observed by all concerned.be observed by all concerned. The community folks must show interest The community folks must show interest

and full support to the action plan.and full support to the action plan.

Committees must be formed to Committees must be formed to oversee and check the project.oversee and check the project.

Conduct of series of meetings regularly Conduct of series of meetings regularly is necessary to monitor inadequacies is necessary to monitor inadequacies and corrections. This time can be used and corrections. This time can be used to make evaluation of the plan or to make evaluation of the plan or project.project.

2. Trainings and Seminars – This is 2. Trainings and Seminars – This is necessary to enhance the knowledge necessary to enhance the knowledge and skills of both the community and skills of both the community organizers and Barangay Health organizers and Barangay Health Workers.Workers.

Considerations:Considerations: 1.It may serve as a means of conscientization 1.It may serve as a means of conscientization

of the roles of the Barangay Health Workers in of the roles of the Barangay Health Workers in the community. the community.

2.It may serve as avenues to relate with others, 2.It may serve as avenues to relate with others, share experience and learn from others.share experience and learn from others.

Reflection Sessions- This is periodically Reflection Sessions- This is periodically done with the community folks and done with the community folks and community organizers aim at community organizers aim at inculcating positive values and attitudes inculcating positive values and attitudes to the core group and people’s to the core group and people’s organization.organization.

Importance:Importance: To appreciate fraternal correctionsTo appreciate fraternal corrections To improve work and relationsTo improve work and relations To deepen grasp of work and orientationTo deepen grasp of work and orientation To discern personal strengths and To discern personal strengths and

weaknesses in the light of community weaknesses in the light of community servicesservices

To give and receive feedback on the To give and receive feedback on the conduct on the planning consultation conduct on the planning consultation and resource accessing activitiesand resource accessing activities

To draw insights and learning from the To draw insights and learning from the core group planning experiences.core group planning experiences.

ARFAARFA

ORGANIZATION – BUILDING ORGANIZATION – BUILDING STRENGTHENING PHASE/ STRENGTHENING PHASE/ TUKLAS BALANGKASTUKLAS BALANGKAS

1. Formation and Formalization of People’s 1. Formation and Formalization of People’s OrganizationOrganization

This phase of CO-PAR entails the formation of This phase of CO-PAR entails the formation of

more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal structures and the inclusion of more formal procedures of planning, more formal procedures of planning, implementing and conduct of trainings for the implementing and conduct of trainings for the organized leaders or groups to develop their organized leaders or groups to develop their attitude, knowledge and skills in managing their attitude, knowledge and skills in managing their own concerns/ programs.own concerns/ programs.

Organization – This is the result of many Organization – This is the result of many successive and many similar actions of successive and many similar actions of the people, set up with elected officers the people, set up with elected officers and supporting members.and supporting members.

ACTIVITIES:ACTIVITIES: Election and induction of officers of people’s Election and induction of officers of people’s

organizationorganization Election and induction of the Barangay Election and induction of the Barangay

Health Workers association.Health Workers association.

INSTITUTIONALIZATION PHASEINSTITUTIONALIZATION PHASE This final phase include activities such This final phase include activities such

as expansion of services, further as expansion of services, further networking and sustenance of networking and sustenance of people’s organization.people’s organization.

Expansion of ServicesExpansion of Services Activities:Activities:

Visiting and rendering health care services to Visiting and rendering health care services to nearby communities.nearby communities.

Making oneself available as resource speaker, Making oneself available as resource speaker, lecturer, trainer, educator, clinician, consultant lecturer, trainer, educator, clinician, consultant and researcher.and researcher.

Further networkingFurther networking Through proper communication and Through proper communication and

follow up of information, the networking follow up of information, the networking can be expanded and achieved. This can be expanded and achieved. This can be done through:can be done through:

socialization socialization attendance to seminar workshopattendance to seminar workshop continuous linkages with different agenciescontinuous linkages with different agencies

4. Sustaining people’s organization4. Sustaining people’s organization improving income generating projectsimproving income generating projects attend seminars and workshopsattend seminars and workshops attend skills trainingattend skills training regular monitoring and evaluation of projects regular monitoring and evaluation of projects

and programand program

4. Sustaining people’s organization4. Sustaining people’s organization improving income generating projectsimproving income generating projects attend seminars and workshopsattend seminars and workshops attend skills trainingattend skills training regular monitoring and evaluation of projects regular monitoring and evaluation of projects

and programand program

C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S !C O N G R A T U L A T I O N S ! ************************ ****

““Be like the bamboo……..Be like the bamboo…….. the taller it grows, the lower it can the taller it grows, the lower it can bend….. That is humility ! ” bend….. That is humility ! ”