Copy of Sixteenth Adult List En

8/6/2019 Copy of Sixteenth Adult List En

1/43

WHOModelList

of

EssentialMedicines

16thlist,March2009

Statusofthisdocument

ThisisareprintofthetextontheWHOMedicineswebsite

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/essentialmedicines/en/index.html


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Thepublishedmaterialisbeingdistributedwithoutwarrantyofanykind,eitherexpressedorimplied. The

responsibilityfortheinterpretationanduseofthemateriallieswiththereader. InnoeventshalltheWorldHealth

Organizationbeliablefordamagesarisingfromitsuse.


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16thedition

EssentialMedicines

WHOModelList(revisedMarch2009)

ExplanatoryNotes

Thecorelistpresentsalistofminimummedicineneedsforabasichealthcaresystem,listingthemost

efficacious,safeandcosteffectivemedicinesforpriorityconditions.Priorityconditionsareselectedonthe

basisofcurrentandestimatedfuturepublichealthrelevance,andpotentialforsafeandcosteffective

treatment.

Thecomplementarylistpresentsessentialmedicinesforprioritydiseases,forwhichspecializeddiagnostic

ormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingareneeded.Incaseofdoubt

medicinesmayalsobelistedascomplementaryonthebasisofconsistenthighercostsorlessattractivecost

effectivenessinavarietyofsettings.

Thesquareboxsymbol()isprimarilyintendedtoindicatesimilarclinicalperformancewithinapharmacologicalclass.Thelistedmedicineshouldbetheexampleoftheclassforwhichthereisthebest

evidenceforeffectivenessandsafety.Insomecases,thismaybethefirstmedicinethatislicensedfor

marketing;inotherinstances,subsequentlylicensedcompoundsmaybesaferormoreeffective.Wherethere

isnodifferenceintermsofefficacyandsafetydata,thelistedmedicineshouldbetheonethatisgenerally

availableatthelowestprice,basedoninternationaldrugpriceinformationsources.Notallsquareboxesare

applicabletomedicineselectionforchildrenseethesecondEMLcfordetails.

Therapeuticequivalenceisonlyindicatedonthebasisofreviewsofefficacyandsafetyandwhenconsistent

withWHOclinicalguidelines.Nationallistsshouldnotuseasimilarsymbolandshouldbespecificintheir

finalselection,whichwoulddependonlocalavailabilityandprice.

Theasymbolindicatesthatthereisanageorweightrestrictiononuseofthemedicine;detailsforeach

medicinecanbefoundinTable1.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttothecomplementarylistitsignifiesthatthemedicine(s)require(s)

specialistdiagnosticormonitoringfacilities,and/orspecialistmedicalcare,and/orspecialisttrainingfor

theiruseinchildren.

Wherethe[c]symbolisplacednexttoanindividualmedicineorstrengthofmedicineitsignifiesthatthereisaspecificindicationforrestrictingitsusetochildren.

ThepresenceofanentryontheEssentialMedicinesListcarriesnoassuranceastopharmaceuticalquality.It

istheresponsibilityoftherelevantnationalorregionaldrugregulatoryauthoritytoensurethateach

productisofappropriatepharmaceuticalquality(includingstability)andthatwhenrelevant,different

productsareinterchangeable.

ForrecommendationsandadviceconcerningallaspectsofthequalityassuranceofmedicinesseetheWHO

Medicineswebsitehttp://www.who.int/medicines/areas/quality_assurance/en/index.html.

Medicinesanddosageformsarelistedinalphabeticalorderwithineachsectionandthereisnoimplicationofpreferenceforoneformoveranother.Standardtreatmentguidelinesshouldbeconsultedforinformation

onappropriatedosageforms.


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ThemaintermsusedfordosageformsintheEssentialMedicinesListcanbefoundinAnnex1.

Definitionsofmanyofthesetermsandpharmaceuticalqualityrequirementsapplicabletothedifferent

categoriesarepublishedinthecurrenteditionofTheInternationalPharmacopoeia

http://www.who.int/medicines/publications/pharmacopoeia/en/index.html.


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EssentialMedicines 16thedition(March2009)

WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 1

1. ANAESTHETICS

1.1 General anaesthetics and oxygen

halothane Inhalation.

ketamine Injection:50mg(ashydrochloride)/mlin10mlvial.

nitrousoxide Inhalation.

oxygen Inhalation(medicinalgas).

thiopental Powderforinjection:0.5g;1g(sodiumsalt)inampoule.

1.2 Local anaesthetics

bupivacaine

Injection:0.25%;0.5%(hydrochloride)invial.

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:0.5%(hydrochloride)in

4mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.

lidocaine

Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)invial.

Injectionforspinalanaesthesia:5%(hydrochloride)in

2mlampouletobemixedwith7.5%glucosesolution.

Topicalforms:2%to4%(hydrochloride).

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)Dentalcartridge:2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:80000.

Injection:1%;2%(hydrochloride)+epinephrine1:200000invial.

ComplementaryList

ephedrineInjection:30mg(hydrochloride)/mlin1mlampoule.

(Foruseinspinalanaesthesiaduringdelivery,topreventhypotension).

1.3 Preoperative medication and sedation for short-term proceduresatropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.

diazepamInjection:5mg/mlin2mlampoule.

Tablet:5mg.

morphine Injection:10mg(sulfateorhydrochloride)in1mlampoule.

promethazine Oralliquid:5mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.

2. ANALGESICS, ANTIPYRETICS, NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORYMEDICINES (NSAIMs), MEDICINES USED TO TREAT GOUT AND DISEASE MODIFYING

AGENTS IN RHEUMATOID DISORDERS (DMARDs)2.1 Non-opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines (NSAIMs)acetylsalicylicacid

Suppository:50mgto150mg.

Tablet:100mgto500mg.

ibuprofenaTablet:200mg;400mg.

a >3 months.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 2

paracetamol*

Oralliquid:125mg/5ml.

Suppository:100mg.


*Notrecommendedforantiinflammatoryuseduetolackofprovenbenefittothateffect.

ComplementaryList[c]

acetylsalicylicacid*

Suppository:50mgto150mg.


*Foruseforrheumaticfever,juvenilearthritis,Kawasakidisease.

2.2 Opioid analgesics

codeine Tablet:15mg(phosphate)[c];30mg(phosphate).

morphine

Injection:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphinesulfate)

in1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:10mg(morphinehydrochlorideormorphine

sulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:10mg(morphinesulfate).

Tablet(prolongedrelease):10mg;30mg;60mg(morphine

sulfate).

2.3 Medicines used to treat gout

allopurinol Tablet:100mg.

2.4 Disease modifying agents used in rheumatoid disorders (DMARDs)

chloroquine Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

ComplementaryList

azathioprine Tablet:50mg.

methotrexate Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

sulfasalazine Tablet:500mg.

3. ANTIALLERGICS AND MEDICINES USED IN ANAPHYLAXIS

chlorphenaminea

Injection:10mg(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:2mg/5ml [c].

Tablet:4mg(hydrogenmaleate).

a >1 year.

dexamethasoneInjection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in

1mlampoule.

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in

1mlampoule.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 3

hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.

prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].

Tablet:5mg;25mg.

4. ANTIDOTES AND OTHER SUBSTANCES USED IN POISONINGS

4.1 Non-specific

charcoal,activated Powder.

4.2 Specific

acetylcysteineInjection:200mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:10%[c];20%[c].

atropine Injection:1mg(sulfate)in1mlampoule.

calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.

deferoxamine Powderforinjection:500mg(mesilate)invial.

dimercaprol Injectioninoil:50mg/mlin2mlampoule.

DLmethionine*Tablet:250mg.

*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.

methylthioniniumchloride

(methyleneblue)Injection:10mg/mlin10mlampoule.

naloxone Injection:400micrograms(hydrochloride)in1mlampoule.

penicillamine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II)

2H20(Prussianblue)Powderfororaladministration.

sodiumcalciumedetate Injection:200mg/mlin5mlampoule.

sodiumnitrite Injection:30mg/mlin10mlampoule.

sodiumthiosulfate Injection:250mg/mlin50mlampoule.

5. ANTICONVULSANTS/ANTIEPILEPTICS

carbamazepine


Tablet(chewable):100mg;200mg.

Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

diazepam Gelorrectalsolution:5mg/mlin0.5ml;2mland4mltubes.

lorazepamParenteralformulation:2mg/mlin1mlampoule;4mg/mlin

1mlampoule.

magnesiumsulfate*

Injection:500mg/mlin2mlampoule;500mg/mlin

10mlampoule.

*Foruseineclampsiaandseverepreeclampsiaandnotforother

convulsantdisorders.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 4

phenobarbital

Injection:200mg/ml(phenobarbitalsodium).

Oralliquid:15mg/5ml(phenobarbital).

Tablet:15mgto100mg(phenobarbital).

phenytoin

Capsule:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).

Injection:50mg/mlin5mlvial(sodiumsalt).

Oralliquid:25mgto30mg/5ml.*

Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg(sodiumsalt).

Tablet(chewable):50mg.

*Thepresenceofboth25mg/5mland30mg/5mlstrengthson

thesamemarketwouldcauseconfusioninprescribingand

dispensingandshouldbeavoided.

valproicacid(sodiumvalproate)


Tablet(crushable):100mg.

Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

ComplementaryList

ethosuximideCapsule:250mg.


6. ANTI-INFECTIVE MEDICINES6.1 Anthelminthics6.1.1 Intestinal anthelminthicsalbendazole Tablet(chewable):400mg.

levamisole Tablet:50mg;150mg(ashydrochloride).

mebendazole Tablet(chewable):100mg;500mg.

niclosamide*Tablet(chewable):500mg.

*Niclosamideislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.

praziquantel Tablet:150mg;600mg.

pyrantelOralliquid:50mg(asembonate)/ml.

Tablet(chewable):250mg(asembonate).

6.1.2 Antifilarials

ivermectin Tablet(scored):3mg;6mg.

ComplementaryList

diethylcarbamazine Tablet:50mg;100mg(dihydrogencitrate).

suraminsodium*

Powderforinjection:1ginvial.

*Willbereviewedforpossibledeletion.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 5

6.1.3 Antischistosomals and antitrematode medicines

praziquantel Tablet:600mg.

triclabendazole Tablet:250mg.

ComplementaryList

oxamniquine*

Capsule:250mg.


*Oxamniquineislistedforusewhenpraziquanteltreatmentfails.

6.2 Antibacterials

6.2.1 Beta Lactam medicines

amoxicillin

Powderfororalliquid:125mg(anhydrous)/5ml;250mg

(anhydrous)/5ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:250mg;500mg(anhydrous).

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid

Oralliquid:125mgamoxicillin+31.25mgclavulanicacid/5ml

AND250mgamoxicillin+62.5mgclavulanicacid/5ml[c].

Tablet:500mg+125mg.

ampicillin Powderforinjection:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

benzathinebenzylpenicillin

Powderforinjection:900mgbenzylpenicillin(=1.2millionIU)

in5mlvial[c];1.44gbenzylpenicillin(=2.4millionIU)in5ml

vial.

benzylpenicillinPowderforinjection:600mg(=1millionIU);3g(=5millionIU)

(sodiumorpotassiumsalt)invial.

cefalexin[c]

Powderforreconstitutionwithwater:125mg/5ml;

250mg/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

cefazolin*a

Powderforinjection:1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Forsurgicalprophylaxis.

a >1 month.

cefixime*

Capsule:400mg.

*Onlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofuncomplicatedano

genitalgonorrhoea.

ceftriaxone*a

Powderforinjection:250mg;1g(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Donotadministerwithcalciumandavoidininfantswith

hyperbilirubinemia.

a >41 weeks corrected gestational age.

cloxacillin

Capsule:500mg;1g(assodiumsalt).

Powderforinjection:500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Powderfororalliquid:125mg(assodiumsalt)/5ml.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 6

phenoxymethylpenicillinPowderfororalliquid:250mg(aspotassiumsalt)/5ml.

Tablet:250mg(aspotassiumsalt).

procainebenzylpenicillin*

Powderforinjection:1g(=1millionIU);3g(=3millionIU)in

vial.

*Procainebenzylpenicillinisnotrecommendedasfirstline

treatmentforneonatalsepsisexceptinsettingswithhigh

neonatalmortality,whengivenbytrainedhealthworkersin

caseswherehospitalcareisnotachievable.

ComplementaryList

cefotaxime*[c]

Powderforinjection:250mgpervial.

*3rdgenerationcephalosporinofchoiceforuseinhospitalized

neonates.

ceftazidime Powderforinjection:250mgor1g(aspentahydrate)invial.

imipenem*+cilastatin*

Powderforinjection:250mg(asmonohydrate)+250mg(assodium

salt);500mg(asmonohydrate)+500mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

*Onlylistedforthetreatmentoflifethreateninghospitalbased

infectionduetosuspectedorprovenmultidrugresistantinfection.

Meropenemisindicatedforthetreatmentofmeningitisandislicensed

foruseinchildrenovertheageof3months.

6.2.2 Other antibacterials

azithromycin*

Capsule:250mg;500mg.


*OnlylistedforsingledosetreatmentofgenitalChlamydia

trachomatisandoftrachoma.

chloramphenicol

Capsule:250mg.

Oilysuspensionforinjection*:0.5g(assodiumsuccinate)/mlin

2mlampoule.

*Onlyforthepresumptivetreatmentofepidemicmeningitisin

childrenolderthan2years.

Oralliquid:150mg(aspalmitate)/5ml.

Powderforinjection:1g(sodiumsuccinate)invial.

ciprofloxacin

Oralliquid:250mg/5ml[c].

SolutionforIVinfusion:2mg/ml[c].

Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

doxycyclinea

Oralliquid:25mg/5ml[c];50mg/5ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:50mg[c];100mg(hydrochloride).

aUse in children


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 7

erythromycin

Powderforinjection:500mg(aslactobionate)invial.

Powderfororalliquid:125mg/5ml(asstearateorethyl

succinate).

Solidoraldosageform:250mg(asstearateorethylsuccinate).

gentamicin Injection:10mg;40mg(assulfate)/mlin2mlvial.

metronidazole

Injection:500mgin100mlvial.

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.

Suppository:500mg;1g.


nitrofurantoinOralliquid:25mg/5ml[c].

Tablet:100mg.

spectinomycin Powderforinjection:2g(ashydrochloride)invial.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:

80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;

80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml.

Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg.

trimethoprima


Tablet:100mg;200mg.

a >6 months.

ComplementaryList

clindamycin

Capsule:150mg.

Injection:150mg(asphosphate)/ml.


vancomycin Powderforinjection:250mg(ashydrochloride)invial.

6.2.3 Antileprosy medicines

Medicines used in the treatment of leprosy should neverbe used except in combination. Combination

therapyisessentialtopreventtheemergenceofdrugresistance.Colourcodedblisterpacks(MDTblister

packs) containing standard two medicine (paucibacillary leprosy) or three medicine (multibacillary

leprosy)combinationsforadultandchildhoodleprosyshouldbeused.MDTblisterpackscanbesupplied

freeofchargethroughWHO.

clofazimine Capsule:50mg;100mg.

dapsone Tablet:25mg;50mg;100mg.

rifampicin Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 8

6.2.4 Antituberculosis medicines

ethambutolOralliquid:25mg/ml[c].

Tablet:100mgto400mg(hydrochloride).

ethambutol+isoniazid Tablet:400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide

+rifampicinTablet:275mg+75mg+400mg+150mg.

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin Tablet:275mg+75mg+150mg.

isoniazid



Tablet(scored):50mg.

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin

Tablet:

75mg+400mg+150mg.

150mg+500mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimes

weekly).

isoniazid+rifampicin

Tablet:

75mg+150mg;150mg+300mg.

60mg+60mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

150mg+150mg(Forintermittentusethreetimesweekly).

pyrazinamide

Oralliquid:30mg/ml[c].

Tablet:400mg.

Tablet(dispersible):150mg.

Tablet(scored):150mg.

rifabutinCapsule:150mg.*

*ForuseonlyinpatientswithHIVreceivingproteaseinhibitors.

rifampicinOralliquid:20mg/ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:150mg;300mg.

streptomycin Powderforinjection:1g(assulfate)invial.

ComplementaryList

Reservesecondlinedrugsforthetreatmentofmultidrugresistanttuberculosis(MDRTB)shouldbe

usedinspecializedcentresadheringtoWHOstandardsforTBcontrol.

amikacin Powderforinjection:100mg;500mg;1ginvial.

capreomycin Powderforinjection:1ginvial.

cycloserine Solidoraldosageform:250mg.

ethionamide Tablet:125mg;250mg.

kanamycin Powderforinjection:1ginvial.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 9

ofloxacin*

Tablet:200mg;400mg.

*Levofloxacinmaybeanalternativebasedonavailabilityand

programmeconsiderations.

paminosalicylicacid Granules:

4

g

in

sachet.

Tablet:500mg.

6.3 Antifungal medicines

clotrimazoleVaginalcream:1%;10%.

Vaginaltablet:100mg;500mg.

fluconazole

Capsule:50mg.

Injection:2mg/mlinvial.


griseofulvinOralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].

Solidoraldosageform:125mg;250mg.

nystatin

Lozenge:100000IU.

Oralliquid:50mg/5ml[c];100000IU/ml[c].

Pessary:100000IU.

Tablet:100000IU;500000IU.

ComplementaryList

amphotericinBPowderforinjection:50mginvial.

Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.

flucytosineCapsule:250mg.

Infusion:2.5gin250ml.

potassiumiodide Saturatedsolution.

6.4 Antiviral medicines6.4.1 Antiherpes medicines

aciclovir


Powderforinjection:250mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Tablet:200mg.


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WHOModelList

EML 16 page - 10

6.4.2 AntiretroviralsBasedoncurrentevidenceandexperienceofuse,medicinesinthefollowingthreeclassesofantiretrovirals

are included as essential medicines for treatment and prevention of HIV (prevention of mothertochild

transmission and postexposure prophylaxis). The Committee emphasizes the importance of using these

products in accordance with global and national guidelines. The Committee recommends and endorsesthe use of fixeddose combinations and the development of appropriate new fixeddose combinations,

including modified dosage forms, nonrefrigerated products and paediatric dosage forms of assured

pharmaceuticalquality.

Scoredtabletscanbeusedinchildrenandthereforecanbeconsideredforinclusioninthelistingoftablets,

providedadequatequalityproductsareavailable.

6.4.2.1 Nucleoside/Nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors

abacavir(ABC)Oralliquid:100mg(assulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:300mg(assulfate).

didanosine(ddI)

Bufferedpowderfororalliquid:100mg;167mg;250mgpackets.

Capsule(unbufferedentericcoated):125mg;200mg;250mg;

400mg.

Tablet(bufferedchewable,dispersible):25mg;50mg;100mg;

150mg;200mg.

emtricitabine

(FTC)*a

Capsule:200mg.

Oralliquid:10mg/ml.

*FTCisanacceptablealternativeto3TC,basedonknowledgeof

thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof

antiretrovirals.

a >3 months.

lamivudine(3TC)Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.

Tablet:150mg.

stavudine(d4T)Capsule:15mg;20mg;30mg.

Powderfororalliquid:5mg/5ml.

tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate(TDF) Tablet:

300

mg

(tenofovir

disoproxil

fumarate

equivalent

to

245mgtenofovirdisoproxil).

zidovudine(ZDVorAZT)

Capsule:100mg;250mg.


SolutionforIVinfusioninjection:10mg/mlin20mlvial.

Tablet:300mg.


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EML 16 page - 11

6.4.2.2 Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors

efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)a

Capsule:50mg;100mg;200mg.


Tablet:600mg.

a >3 years or >10 kg weight.

nevirapine(NVP)Oralliquid:50mg/5ml.

Tablet:200mg.

6.4.2.3 Protease inhibitors

Selection of protease inhibitor(s) from the Model List will need tobe determinedby each country after

considerationofinternationalandnationaltreatmentguidelinesandexperience.Ritonavirisrecommended

foruseincombinationasapharmacologicalbooster,andnotasanantiretroviralinitsownright.Allother

proteaseinhibitors

should

be

used

in

boosted

forms

(e.g.

with

ritonavir).

atazanaviraSolidoraldosageform:100mg;150mg;300mg.

a >25 kg.

indinavir(IDV) Solidoraldosageform:400mg(assulfate).

lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)

Capsule:133.3mg+33.3mg.

Oralliquid:400mg+100mg/5ml.

Tablet(heatstable):100mg+25mg;200mg+50mg.

ritonavir



Tablet(heatstable):25mg;100mg.

saquinavir(SQV)aSolidoraldosageform:200mg; 500mg.

a >25 kg.

FIXED-DOSE COMBINATIONS

efavirenz+emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:600mg+200mg+300mg.


thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsofantiretrovirals.

emtricitabine*+tenofovir Tablet:200mg+300mg.


thepharmacology,theresistancepatternsandclinicaltrialsof

antiretrovirals.

lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine Tablet:150mg+200mg+30mg.

Tablet(dispersible):

30mg+50mg+6mg[c];60mg+100mg+12mg[c].

lamivudine+nevirapine+

zidovudine

Tablet:30mg+50mg+60mg[c];150mg+200mg+300mg.


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EML 16 page - 12

lamivudine+zidovudine Tablet:30mg+60mg[c];150mg+300mg.

6.4.3 Other antivirals

ribavirin*

Injectionforintravenousadministration:800mgand1gin10ml

phosphatebuffersolution.

Solidoraldosageform:200mg;400mg;600mg.

*Forthetreatmentofviralhaemorrhagicfeversonly.

6.5 Antiprotozoal medicines

6.5.1 Antiamoebic and antigiardiasis medicines

diloxanideaTablet:500mg(furoate).

a >25 kg.

metronidazole

Injection:500mgin100mlvial.

Oralliquid:200mg(asbenzoate)/5ml.


6.5.2 Antileishmaniasis medicines

amphotericinBPowderforinjection:50mginvial.

Asdeoxycholateorliposomal.

paromomycin Solutionforintramuscularinjection:750mgofparomomycin

basepresentasthesulfate.

sodiumstibogluconateormeglumine

antimoniate

Injection:100mg/ml,1vial=30mlor30%,equivalentto

approximately8.1%antimonyin5mlampoule.

6.5.3 Antimalarial medicines6.5.3.1 For curative treatmentMedicinesforthetreatmentofP.falciparummalariacasesshouldbeusedincombination. Thelistcurrently

recommendscombinationsaccordingtotreatmentguidelines. TheCommitteerecognizesthatnotallof

theseFDCsexistandencouragestheirdevelopmentandrigoroustesting. TheCommitteealsoencourages

developmentandtestingofrectaldosageformulations.

amodiaquine*

Tablet:153mgor200mg(ashydrochloride).

*Tobeused(a)incombinationwithartesunate50mgOR(b)maybeusedaloneforthetreatmentofP.vivax,P.ovaleand

P.malariaeinfections.

artemether*Oilyinjection:80mg/mlin1mlampoule.

*Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

artemether+lumefantrine*

Tablet:20mg+120mg.

Tablet(dispersible):20mg+120mg[c].

*Notrecommendedinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancyorin

children

below

5

kg.


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EML 16 page - 13

artesunate*

Injection:ampoules,containing60mganhydrousartesunicacid

withaseparateampouleof5%sodiumbicarbonatesolution.

Foruseinthemanagementofseveremalaria.

Rectaldosageform:50mg[c];200mgcapsules(forprereferral

treatmentofseveremalariaonly;patientsshouldbetakentoanappropriatehealthfacilityforfollowupcare)[c].

Tablet:50mg.

*Tobeusedincombinationwitheitheramodiaquine,mefloquine

orsulfadoxine+pyrimethamine.

chloroquine*

Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:100mg;150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

*ForuseonlyforthetreatmentofP.vivaxinfection.

doxycycline*

Capsule:100mg(ashydrochloride).

Tablet(dispersible):100mg(asmonohydrate).

*Foruseonlyincombinationwithquinine.

mefloquine*Tablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

*Tobeusedincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

primaquine*

Tablet:7.5mg;15mg(asdiphosphate).

*OnlyforusetoachieveradicalcureofP.vivaxandP.ovale

infections,givenfor14days.

quinine*

Injection:300mgquininehydrochloride/mlin2mlampoule.

Tablet:300mg(quininesulfate)or300mg(quininebisulfate).

*Foruseonlyinthemanagementofseveremalaria,andshouldbe

usedincombinationwithdoxycycline.

sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine*Tablet:500mg+25mg.

*Onlyincombinationwithartesunate50mg.

6.5.3.2 For prophylaxis

chloroquine*

Oralliquid:50mg(asphosphateorsulfate)/5ml.

Tablet:150mg(asphosphateorsulfate).

*ForuseonlyincentralAmericanregions,foruseforP.vivax.

doxycyclineaSolidoraldosageform:100mg(ashydrochloride).

a >8 years.

mefloquineaTablet:250mg(ashydrochloride).

a >5 kg or >3 months.

proguanil* Tablet:100mg(ashydrochloride).

*Foruseonlyincombinationwithchloroquine.


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6.5.4 Antipneumocystosis and antitoxoplasmosis medicines

pyrimethamine Tablet:25mg.

sulfadiazine Tablet:500mg.

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim

Injection:

80mg+16mg/mlin5mlampoule;

80mg+16mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Oralliquid:200mg+40mg/5ml[c].

Tablet:100mg+20mg;400mg+80mg[c].

ComplementaryList

pentamidine Tablet:200mg;300mg.

6.5.5 Antitrypanosomal medicines

6.5.5.1 African trypanosomiasis

Medicinesforthetreatmentof1ststageAfricantrypanosomiasis

pentamidine*

Powderforinjection:200mg(pentamidineisetionate)invial.

*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense

infection.

suraminsodium*

Powderforinjection:1ginvial.

*Tobeusedforthetreatmentoftheinitialphaseof

Trypanosomabruceirhodesienseinfection.

Medicinesforthetreatmentof2ndstageAfricantrypanosomiasis

eflornithine*

Injection:200mg(hydrochloride)/mlin100mlbottle.

*TobeusedforthetreatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambiense

infection.

melarsoprolInjection:3.6%solution,5mlampoule(180mgofactive

compound).

nifurtimox*

Tablet:120mg.

*Onlytobeusedincombinationwitheflornithine,for the

treatmentofTrypanosomabruceigambienseinfection.

6.5.5.2 American trypanosomiasis

benznidazole Tablet:100mg.

nifurtimox Tablet:30mg;120mg;250mg.

7. ANTIMIGRAINE MEDICINES

7.1 For treatment of acute attack

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:300mgto500mg.

ibuprofen[c] Tablet:200mg;400mg.

paracetamolOralliquid:125mg/5ml[c].



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7.2 For prophylaxis

propranolol Tablet:20mg;40mg(hydrochloride).

8. ANTINEOPLASTIC, IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVES AND MEDICINES USED INPALLIATIVE CARE

8.1 Immunosuppressive medicines

ComplementaryList

azathioprinePowderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Tablet:50mg.

ciclosporin

Capsule:25mg.

Concentrateforinjection:50mg/mlin1mlampoulefororgan

transplantation.

8.2 Cytotoxic medicines

ComplementaryList

allopurinol[c] Tablet:100mgto300mg.

asparaginase Powderforinjection:10000IUinvial.

bleomycin Powderforinjection:15mg(assulfate)invial.

calciumfolinateInjection:3mg/mlin10mlampoule.

Tablet:15mg.

carboplatin Injection:50mg/5ml;150mg/15ml;450mg/45ml;600mg/60ml.

chlorambucil Tablet:2mg.

cyclophosphamidePowderforinjection:500mginvial.

Tablet:25mg.

cytarabine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.

dacarbazine Powderforinjection:100mginvial.

dactinomycin Powderforinjection:500microgramsinvial.

daunorubicin Powderforinjection:50mg(ashydrochloride)invial.

doxorubicin Powderforinjection:10mg;50mg(hydrochloride)invial.

etoposideCapsule:100mg.

Injection:20mg/mlin5mlampoule.

fluorouracil Injection:50mg/mlin5mlampoule.

hydroxycarbamideSolidoraldosageform:200mg;250mg;300mg;400mg;500mg;

1g.

ifosfamide Powderforinjection:1gvial;2gvial.

mercaptopurine Tablet:50mg.


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mesnaInjection:100mg/mlin4mland10mlampoules.

Tablet:400mg;600mg.

methotrexatePowderforinjection:50mg(assodiumsalt)invial.

Tablet:2.5mg(assodiumsalt).

procarbazine Capsule:50mg(ashydrochloride).

vinblastine Powderforinjection:10mg(sulfate)invial.

vincristine Powderforinjection:1mg;5mg(sulfate)invial.

8.3 Hormones and antihormones

ComplementaryList

dexamethasone

Injection:4mgdexamethasonephosphate(asdisodiumsalt)in

1mlampoule.


hydrocortisone Powderforinjection:100mg(assodiumsuccinate)invial.

prednisoloneOralliquid:5mg/ml[c].

Tablet:5mg;25mg.

tamoxifen Tablet:10mg;20mg(ascitrate).

8.4 Medicines used in palliative care

TheWHOExpertCommitteerecognizestheimportanceoflistingspecificmedicinesinthePalliativeCare

Section. SomemedicinescurrentlyusedinpalliativecareareincludedintherelevantsectionsoftheModelList, according to their therapeutic use, e.g. analgesics. The Guidelines for Palliative Care that were

referenced in theprevious listare inneedofupdate. The Committeeexpectsapplications formedicines

neededforpalliativecaretobesubmittedforthenextmeeting.Forpalliativecaremedicinesinchildren,

seethesecondEMLc.

9. ANTIPARKINSONISM MEDICINES

biperidenInjection:5mg(lactate)in1mlampoule.

Tablet:2mg(hydrochloride).

levodopa+carbidopa Tablet:100mg+10mg;250mg+25mg.

10. MEDICINES AFFECTING THE BLOOD

10.1 Antianaemia medicines

ferroussaltOralliquid:equivalentto25mgiron(assulfate)/ml.

Tablet:equivalentto60mgiron.

ferroussalt+folicacidTabletequivalentto60mgiron+400microgramsfolicacid

(Nutritionalsupplementforuseduringpregnancy).

folicacid Tablet:1mg;5mg.

hydroxocobalamin Injection:1mgin1mlampoule.


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10.2 Medicines affecting coagulation

heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/ml;20000IU/mlin1mlampoule.

phytomenadioneInjection:1mg/ml[c];10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

Tablet:10mg.

protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

warfarin Tablet:1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).


heparinsodium Injection:1000IU/ml;5000IU/mlin1mlampoule.

protaminesulfate Injection:10mg/mlin5mlampoule.

warfarin Tablet:0.5mg;1mg;2mg;5mg(sodiumsalt).

11. BLOOD PRODUCTS AND PLASMA SUBSTITUTES11.1 Plasma substitutesdextran70*

Injectablesolution:6%.

*Polygeline,injectablesolution,3.5%isconsideredasequivalent.

11.2 Plasma fractions for specific useAll plasma fractions should comply with the WHO Requirements for the Collection, Processing and

Quality Control of Blood, Blood Components and Plasma Derivatives (Revised 1992). (WHO Technical

ReportSeries,No.840,1994,Annex2).

ComplementaryList

factorVIIIconcentrate Dried.

factorIXcomplex(coagulation

factors,II,VII,IX,X)concentrateDried.

humannormalimmunoglobulin

Intramuscularadministration:16%proteinsolution.*

Intravenousadministration:5%;10%proteinsolution.**

Subcutaneousadministration:15%;16%proteinsolution.*

* Indicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiency.

**IndicatedforprimaryimmunedeficiencyandKawasakidisease.

12. CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINES

12.1 Antianginal medicines

atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.

glyceryltrinitrate Tablet(sublingual):500micrograms.

isosorbidedinitrate Tablet(sublingual):5mg.

verapamil Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).

12.2 Antiarrhythmic medicinesatenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.


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digoxin

Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.

Tablet:62.5micrograms;250micrograms.

epinephrine(adrenaline) Injection:100micrograms/ml(asacidtartrateorhydrochloride)in

10mlampoule.

lidocaine Injection:20mg(hydrochloride)/mlin5mlampoule.

verapamilInjection:2.5mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Tablet:40mg;80mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList

amiodaroneInjection:50mg/mlin3mlampoule(hydrochloride).

Tablet(HCI):100mg;200mg;400mg(hydrochloride).

12.3 Antihypertensive medicines

amlodipine Tablet:5mg.

atenolol Tablet:50mg;100mg.

enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.

hydralazine*

Powderforinjection:20mg(hydrochloride)inampoule.

Tablet:25mg;50mg(hydrochloride).

*Hydralazineislistedforuseintheacutemanagementofsevere

pregnancyinducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentof

essentialhypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewofthe

availabilityofmoreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofother

medicines.

hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.

Solidoraldosageform:12.5mg;25mg.

methyldopa*

Tablet:250mg.

*Methyldopaislistedforuseinthemanagementofpregnancy

inducedhypertensiononly.Itsuseinthetreatmentofessential

hypertensionisnotrecommendedinviewoftheavailabilityof

moreevidenceofefficacyandsafetyofothermedicines.

ComplementaryList

sodiumnitroprusside Powderforinfusion:50mginampoule.

12.4 Medicines used in heart failure

digoxin

Injection:250micrograms/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:50micrograms/ml.

Tablet:62.5

micrograms;

250

micrograms.

enalapril Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.


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furosemide



Tablet:40mg.

hydrochlorothiazideOralliquid:50mg/5ml.


ComplementaryList

dopamine Injection:40mg/ml(hydrochloride)in5mlvial.

12.5 Antithrombotic medicines

acetylsalicylicacid Tablet:100mg.

ComplementaryList

streptokinase Powderforinjection:1.5millionIUinvial.

12.6 Lipid-lowering agents

simvastatin*Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg;40mg.

*Foruseinhighriskpatients.

13. DERMATOLOGICAL MEDICINES (topical)

13.1 Antifungal medicines

benzoicacid+salicylicacid Creamorointment:6%+3%.

miconazole

Cream

or

ointment:

2%(nitrate).

sodiumthiosulfate Solution:15%.

ComplementaryList

seleniumsulfide Detergentbasedsuspension:2%.

13.2 Anti-infective medicines

methylrosaniliniumchloride

(gentianviolet)

Aqueoussolution:0.5%.

Tincture:0.5%.

neomycinsulfate+bacitracin Ointment:5mgneomycinsulfate+250IUbacitracinzinc/g.

potassiumpermanganate Aqueoussolution:1:10000.

silversulfadiazineaCream:1%.

a >2 months.

13.3 Anti-inflammatory and antipruritic medicines

betamethasoneaCreamorointment:0.1%(asvalerate).

a Hydrocortisone preferred in neonates.

calaminelotion Lotion.

hydrocortisone Creamorointment:1%(acetate).


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13.4 Astringent medicines

aluminiumdiacetate Solution:5%.

13.5 Medicines affecting skin differentiation and proliferation

benzoylperoxide Creamorlotion:5%.

coaltar Solution:5%.

dithranol Ointment:0.1%to2%.

fluorouracil Ointment:5%.

podophyllumresin Solution:10%to25%.

salicylicacid Solution:5%.

urea Creamorointment:10%.

13.6 Scabicides and pediculicides

benzylbenzoateaLotion:25%.

a >2 years.

permethrinCream:5%.

Lotion:1%.

14. DIAGNOSTIC AGENTS

14.1 Ophthalmic medicines

fluorescein

Eye

drops:

1%

(sodium

salt).

tropicamide Eyedrops:0.5%.

14.2 Radiocontrast media

amidotrizoateInjection:140mgto420mgiodine(assodiumormeglumine

salt)/mlin20mlampoule.

bariumsulfate Aqueoussuspension.

iohexolInjection:140mgto350mgiodine/mlin5ml;10ml;20ml

ampoules.

ComplementaryList

bariumsulfate[c] Aqueoussuspension.

meglumineiotroxate Solution:5gto8giodinein100mlto250ml.

15. DISINFECTANTS AND ANTISEPTICS15.1 Antisepticschlorhexidine

Solution:5%(digluconate);20%(digluconate)(needstobediluted

priortouseforcordcare)[c].

ethanol Solution:70%(denatured).

polyvidoneiodine Solution:10%.


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15.2 Disinfectants

chlorinebasecompound Powder:(0.1%availablechlorine)forsolution.

chloroxylenol Solution:4.8%.

glutaral Solution:2%.

16. DIURETICS

amiloride Tablet:5mg(hydrochloride).

furosemide



Tablet:10mg[c];20mg[c];40mg.

hydrochlorothiazide Solidoraldosageform:25mg.

mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.

spironolactone Tablet:25mg.


hydrochlorothiazide Tablet(scored):25mg.mannitol Injectablesolution:10%;20%.

spironolactoneOralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml;25mg/5ml.

Tablet:25mg.

17. GASTROINTESTINAL MEDICINES


pancreaticenzymesAgeappropriateformulationsanddosesincludinglipase,proteaseand

amylase.

17.1 Antacids and other antiulcer medicines

aluminiumhydroxideOralliquid:320mg/5ml.

Tablet:500mg.

magnesiumhydroxide Oralliquid:equivalentto550mgmagnesiumoxide/10ml.

omeprazolePowderfororalliquid:20mg;40mgsachets.

Solidoraldosageform:10mg;20mg;40mg.

ranitidine



Tablet:150mg(ashydrochloride).

17.2 Antiemetic medicines

dexamethasone


Oral

liquid:0.5

mg/5

ml;

2mg/5

ml.

Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;0.75mg;1.5mg;4mg.


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17.5.2 Medicines for diarrhoea in children

zincsulfate*

Oralliquid:in10mgperunitdosageforms.

Tablet:in10mgperunitdosageforms.

*Inacutediarrhoeazincsulfateshouldbeusedasanadjuncttooralrehydrationsalts.

17.5.3 Antidiarrhoeal (symptomatic) medicines in adults

codeine*

Tablet:30mg(phosphate).

*Theroleofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinued

inclusiononthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingofthe

ExpertCommittee.

18. HORMONES, OTHER ENDOCRINE MEDICINES AND CONTRACEPTIVES

18.1 Adrenal hormones and synthetic substitutes

fludrocortisone Tablet:100micrograms.

hydrocortisone Tablet:5mg;10mg;20mg.

18.2 Androgens

ComplementaryList

testosterone Injection:200mg(enantate)in1mlampoule.

18.3 Contraceptives

18.3.1 Oral hormonal contraceptives

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms+150micrograms.

ethinylestradiol+norethisterone Tablet:35micrograms+1mg.

levonorgestrel Tablet:30micrograms;750micrograms(packoftwo);1.5mg.

18.3.2 Injectable hormonal contraceptives

estradiolcypionate+

medroxyprogesteroneacetateInjection:5mg+25mg.

medroxyprogesteroneacetate Depotinjection:150mg/mlin1mlvial.

norethisteroneenantate Oilysolution:200mg/mlin1mlampoule.

18.3.3 Intrauterine devices

coppercontainingdevice

18.3.4 Barrier methods

condoms

diaphragms

18.3.5 Implantable contraceptives

levonorgestrelreleasingimplant Tworodlevonorgestrelreleasingimplant,eachrodcontaining75mgoflevonorgestrel(150mgtotal).


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18.4 Estrogens

ethinylestradiol*

Tablet:10micrograms;50micrograms.

*Thepublichealthrelevanceand/orcomparativeefficacyand/or

safetyofthisitemhasbeenquestionedanditscontinuedinclusion

onthelistwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpert

Committee.

18.5 Insulins and other antidiabetic agents

glibenclamide Tablet:2.5mg;5mg.

insulininjection(soluble) Injection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial.

intermediateactinginsulinInjection:40IU/mlin10mlvial;100IU/mlin10mlvial

(ascompoundinsulinzincsuspensionorisophaneinsulin).

metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).


metformin Tablet:500mg(hydrochloride).

18.6 Ovulation inducers

ComplementaryList

clomifene Tablet:50mg(citrate).

18.7 Progestogens

norethisterone*

Tablet:5mg.




Committee.

ComplementaryList

medroxyprogesteroneacetate*

Tablet:5mg.




Committee.

18.8 Thyroid hormones and antithyroid medicines

levothyroxineTablet:25micrograms[c];50micrograms;100micrograms

(sodiumsalt).

potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.

propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.


Lugolssolution

Oral

liquid:about

130

mg

total

iodine/ml.

potassiumiodide Tablet:60mg.

propylthiouracil Tablet:50mg.


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19. IMMUNOLOGICALS

19.1 Diagnostic agents

AlltuberculinsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforTuberculins(Revised1985).WHOExpert

CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Thirtysixthreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.745,

1987,Annex1).

tuberculin,purifiedproteinderivative

(PPD)Injection.

19.2 Sera and immunoglobulins

AllplasmafractionsshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsfortheCollection,Processingand

QualityControlofBlood,BloodComponentsandPlasmaDerivatives(Revised1992).WHOExpert

CommitteeonBiologicalStandardization.Fortythirdreport.(WHOTechnicalReportSeries,No.840,1994,

Annex2).

antiD

immunoglobulin

(human)

Injection:250

micrograms

in

single

dose

vial.

antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human) Injection:500IUinvial.

antivenomimmunoglobulin*Injection.

*Exacttypetobedefinedlocally.

diphtheriaantitoxin Injection:10000IU;20000IUinvial.

rabiesimmunoglobulin Injection:150IU/mlinvial.

19.3 Vaccines

Selection

of

vaccines

from

the

Model

List

will

need

to

be

determined

by

each

country

after

consideration

of

international recommendations, epidemiology and national priorities. The listbelow details the vaccines

forwhichthereiseitherarecommendationfromtheStrategicAdvisoryGroupofExpertsonImmunization

(SAGE) (http://www.who.int/immunization/sage_conclusions/en/index.html) and/or a WHO position

paper (http://www.who.int/immunization/documents/positionpapers/en/index.html). This site will be

updated as new position papers are published and contains the most recent information and

recommendations.

AllvaccinesshouldcomplywiththeWHORequirementsforBiologicalSubstances.

BCGvaccine

choleravaccine

diphtheriavaccine

hepatitisAvaccine

hepatitisBvaccine

Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine

influenzavaccine

Japaneseencephalitisvaccine

measlesvaccine

meningococcalmeningitisvaccine

mumpsvaccine


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pertussisvaccine

pneumococcalvaccine

poliomyelitisvaccine

rabiesvaccine

rotavirusvaccine

rubellavaccine

tetanusvaccine

typhoidvaccine

varicellavaccine

yellowfevervaccine

20. MUSCLE RELAXANTS (PERIPHERALLY-ACTING) AND CHOLINESTERASEINHIBITORS

alcuronium Injection:5mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

neostigmine

Injection:500microgramsin1mlampoule;2.5mg(metilsulfate)

in1mlampoule.

Tablet:15mg(bromide).

suxamethoniumInjection:50mg(chloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Powderforinjection(chloride),invial.

vecuronium[c] Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

ComplementaryList

pyridostigmineInjection:1mgin1mlampoule.

Tablet:60mg(bromide).

vecuronium Powderforinjection:10mg(bromide)invial.

21. OPHTHALMOLOGICAL PREPARATIONSThissectionwillbereviewedatthenextmeetingoftheExpertCommittee.

21.1 Anti-infective agentsaciclovir Ointment:3%W/W.

gentamicin Solution(eyedrops):0.3%(sulfate).

tetracycline Eyeointment:1%(hydrochloride).

21.2 Anti-inflammatory agents

prednisolone Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(sodiumphosphate).

21.3 Local anaesthetics

tetracainea Solution(eyedrops):0.5%(hydrochloride).

a Not in preterm neonates.


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21.4 Miotics and antiglaucoma medicines

acetazolamide Tablet:250mg.

pilocarpine Solution(eyedrops):2%;4%(hydrochlorideornitrate).

timolol Solution(eyedrops):0.25%;0.5%(asmaleate).

21.5 Mydriatics

atropine*a

Solution(eyedrops):0.1%;0.5%;1%(sulfate).

*[c]ORhomatropineORcyclopentolate.

a >3 months.

ComplementaryList

epinephrine(adrenaline) Solution(eyedrops):2%(ashydrochloride).

22. OXYTOCICS AND ANTIOXYTOCICS

22.1 Oxytocics

ergometrine Injection:200micrograms(hydrogenmaleate)in1mlampoule.

oxytocin Injection:10IUin1mlampoule.

ComplementaryList

misoprostol

Tablet:200micrograms.*

*Formanagementofincompleteabortionandmiscarriage.

Vaginaltablet:25micrograms.

mifepristone*misoprostol*

Wherepermittedunder

nationallawandwhere

culturallyacceptable.

Tablet200mgtablet200micrograms.

*Requiresclosemedicalsupervision.

22.2 Antioxytocics (tocolytics)

nifedipine Immediatereleasecapsule:10mg.

23. PERITONEAL DIALYSIS SOLUTION

ComplementaryList

intraperitonealdialysissolution

(ofappropriatecomposition)Parenteralsolution.

24. PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC MEDICINES

24.1 Medicines used in psychotic disorders

chlorpromazine

Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.

Tablet:

100

mg

(hydrochloride).

fluphenazine Injection:25mg(decanoateorenantate)in1mlampoule.


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haloperidolInjection:5mgin1mlampoule.

Tablet:2mg;5mg.


chlorpromazine

Injection:25mg(hydrochloride)/mlin2mlampoule.

Oralliquid:25mg(hydrochloride)/5ml.

Tablet:10mg;25mg;50mg;100mg(hydrochloride).

haloperidol

Injection:5mgin1mlampoule.

Oralliquid:2mg/ml.

Solidoraldosageform:0.5mg;2mg;5mg.

24.2 Medicines used in mood disorders

24.2.1 Medicines used in depressive disorders

amitriptyline Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).

fluoxetine Solidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).


fluoxetineaSolidoraldosageform:20mg(presentashydrochloride).

a >8 years.

24.2.2 Medicines used in bipolar disorders

carbamazepine Tablet(scored):100mg;200mg.

lithiumcarbonate Solidoraldosageform:300mg.

valproicacid Tablet(entericcoated):200mg;500mg(sodiumvalproate).

24.3 Medicines used in generalized anxiety

diazepam Tablet(scored):2mg;5mg.

24.4 Medicines used for obsessive compulsive disorders and panic attacks

clomipramine Capsule:10mg;25mg(hydrochloride).

24.5 Medicines used in substance dependence programmes

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT)Chewinggum:2mg;4mg.

Transdermalpatch:5mgto30mg/16hrs;7mgto21mg/24hrs.

ComplementaryList

methadone*

Concentratefororalliquid:5mg/ml;10mg/ml(hydrochloride).

Oralliquid:5mg/5ml;10mg/5ml.

*Thesquareboxisaddedtoincludebuprenorphine.Themedicines

shouldonlybeusedwithinanestablishedsupportprogramme.


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25. MEDICINES ACTING ON THE RESPIRATORY TRACT

25.1 Antiasthmatic and medicines for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

beclometasoneInhalation(aerosol):50micrograms(dipropionate)perdose;

100micrograms(dipropionate)perdose(asCFCfreeforms).

budesonide[c]Inhalation(aerosol):100microgramsperdose;200micrograms

perdose.

epinephrine(adrenaline)Injection:1mg(ashydrochlorideorhydrogentartrate)in

1mlampoule.

ipratropiumbromide Inhalation(aerosol):20micrograms/metereddose.

salbutamol*

Inhalation(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)perdose.

Injection:50micrograms(assulfate)/mlin5mlampoule.

Metereddoseinhaler(aerosol):100micrograms(assulfate)per

dose.

Oralliquid:2mg/5ml.

Respiratorsolutionforuseinnebulizers:5mg(assulfate)/ml.

Tablet:2mg;4mg(assulfate).

*Oralsalbutamoltreatmentshouldonlybeconsideredwhen

inhaledasthmatherapyisnotfeasible.

26. SOLUTIONS CORRECTING WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID-BASE

DISTURBANCES

26.1 Oral

oralrehydrationsalts Seesection17.5.1.

potassiumchloride Powderforsolution.

26.2 Parenteral

glucoseInjectablesolution:5%(isotonic);10%(hypertonic);

50%(hypertonic).

glucosewithsodiumchloride

Injectablesolution:4%glucose,0.18%sodiumchloride

(equivalenttoNa+30mmol/L,Cl 30mmol/L).

Injectablesolution:5%glucose,0.9%sodiumchloride(equivalentto150mmol/LNa+and150mmol/LCl);5%glucose,0.45%

sodiumchloride(equivalentto75mmol/LNa+and75mmol/L

Cl)[c].

potassiumchloride

Solution:11.2%in20mlampoule

(equivalenttoK+1.5mmol/ml,Cl 1.5mmol/ml).

Solutionfordilution:7.5%(equivalenttoK1mmol/mland

Cl1mmol/ml)[c];15%(equivalenttoK2mmol/mland

Cl2mmol/ml)[c].

sodiumchloride Injectablesolution:0.9%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+154mmol/L,Cl 154mmol/L).


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EML 16 page - 30

sodiumhydrogencarbonate

Injectablesolution:1.4%isotonic(equivalenttoNa+167mmol/L,

HCO3 167mmol/L).

Solution:8.4%in10mlampoule(equivalenttoNa+1000mmol/L,

HCO31000mmol/L).

sodiumlactate,compoundsolution Injectablesolution.

26.3 Miscellaneous

waterforinjection 2ml;5ml;10mlampoules.

27. VITAMINS AND MINERALS

ascorbicacid Tablet:50mg.

cholecalciferol*[c]

Oralliquid:400IU/ml.

Solidoraldosageform:400IU;1000IU.

*Ergocalciferolcanbeusedasanalternative.

ergocalciferolOralliquid:250micrograms/ml(10000IU/ml).

Solidoraldosageform:1.25mg(50000IU).

iodine

Capsule:200mg.

Iodizedoil:1ml(480mgiodine);0.5ml(240mgiodine)in

ampoule(oralorinjectable);0.57ml(308mgiodine)indispenser

bottle.

nicotinamide Tablet:50mg.

pyridoxine Tablet:25mg(hydrochloride).

retinol

Capsule:50000IU;100000IU;200000IU(aspalmitate).

Oraloilysolution:100000IU(aspalmitate)/mlinmultidose

dispenser.

Tablet(sugarcoated):10000IU(aspalmitate).

Watermiscibleinjection:100000IU(aspalmitate)in

2mlampoule.

riboflavin Tablet:5mg.

sodiumfluoride Inanyappropriatetopicalformulation.

thiamine Tablet:50mg(hydrochloride).

ComplementaryList

calciumgluconate Injection:100mg/mlin10mlampoule.

28. EAR, NOSE AND THROAT CONDITIONS IN CHILDREN [c]

aceticacid Topical:2%,inalcohol.

budesonide Nasalspray:100microgramsperdose.

ciprofloxacin Topical:0.3%drops.

xylometazolineaNasalspray:0.05%.

aNot in children less than 3 months.


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EML 16 page - 31

29. SPECIFIC MEDICINES FOR NEONATAL CARE [c]

caffeinecitrateInjection:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).

Oralliquid:20mg/ml(equivalentto10mgcaffeinebase/ml).

ComplementaryList

ibuprofen Solutionforinjection:5mg/ml.

prostaglandinE

Solutionforinjection:

ProstaglandinE1:0.5mg/mlinalcohol.

ProstaglandinE2:1mg/ml.

surfactant Suspensionforintratrachealinstillation:25mg/mlor80mg/ml.


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EML 16 page - 32

Table 1: Medicines with age or weight restrictions

atazanavir >25kg

atropine >3months

benzyl

benzoate

>2

years

betamethasonetopicalpreparations Hydrocortisonepreferredinneonates

cefazolin >1month

ceftriaxone >41weekscorrectedgestationalage

chlorphenamine >1year

diloxanide >25kg

doxycycline >8years(exceptforseriousinfectionse.g.cholera)

efavirenz >3yearsor>10kg

emtricitabine >3months

fluoxetine >8years

ibuprofen >3months(exceptIVformforpatentductusarteriosus)

mefloquine >5kgor>3monthsmetoclopramide Notinneonates

ondansetron >1month

saquinavir >25kg

silversulfadiazine >2months

tetracaine Notinpretermneonates

trimethoprim >6months

xylometazoline >3months


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EML 16 page - 33

Annex 1: Explanation of dosage forms

A. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Oral administration

Term Definition

Solidoraldosageform

Referstotabletsorcapsulesorothersoliddosageformssuchas melts

thatareimmediatereleasepreparations.Itimpliesthatthereisno

differenceinclinicalefficacyorsafetybetweentheavailable dosage

forms,andcountriesshouldthereforechoosetheform(s)tobelisted

dependingonqualityandavailability.

Theterm solidoraldosageform isneverintendedtoallowanytypeof

modifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets

Refersto:

uncoatedorcoated(filmcoatedorsugarcoated)tabletsthatare

intendedtobeswallowedwhole;

unscoredandscored*;

tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeingswallowed;

tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedordissolvedinwateror

anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

tabletsthatareintendedtobecrushedbeforebeingswallowed.

Theterm tablet withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany

typeofmodifiedreleasetablet.

Tablets(qualified)

Referstoaspecifictypeoftablet:

chewable tabletsthatareintendedtobechewedbeforebeing

swallowed;

dispersible tabletsthatareintendedtobedispersedinwateror

anothersuitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

soluble tabletsthatareintendedtobedissolvedinwateroranother

suitableliquidbeforebeingswallowed;

crushable

tablets

that

are

intended

to

be

crushed

before

being

swallowed;

scored tabletsbearingabreakmarkormarkswheresubdivisionis

intendedinordertoprovidedosesoflessthanonetablet;

sublingual tabletsthatareintendedtobeplacedbeneaththetongue.

Theterm tablet isalwaysqualifiedwithanadditionalterm(in

parentheses)inentrieswhereoneofthefollowingtypesoftabletis

intended:gastroresistant(suchtabletsmaysometimesbedescribedas

entericcoatedorasdelayedrelease),prolongedreleaseoranother

modifiedreleaseform.

* Scoredtabletsmaybedividedforeaseofswallowing,provideddoseisawholenumberoftablets.


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EML 16 page - 34

Term Definition

Capsules

Referstohardorsoftcapsules.

Theterm capsule withoutqualificationisneverintendedtoallowany

typeofmodifiedreleasecapsule.

Capsules(qualified)

Theterm capsule withqualificationreferstogastroresistant(such

capsulesmaysometimesbedescribedasentericcoatedorasdelayed

release),prolongedrelease oranothermodifiedreleaseform.

Granules

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientasgranulestobeswallowed

withoutfurtherpreparation,tobechewed,ortobetakeninorwith

wateroranothersuitableliquid.

Theterm granules withoutfurtherqualificationisneverintendedto

allowanytypeofmodifiedreleasegranules.

Oralpowder

Preparationsthatareissuedtopatientaspowder(usuallyassingle

dose)tobetakeninorwithwateroranothersuitableliquid.

Oralliquid

Liquidpreparationsintendedtobeswallowedi.e.oralsolutions,

suspensions,emulsionsandoraldrops,includingthoseconstitutedfrom

powdersorgranules,butnotthosepreparationsintendedfororomucosal

administratione.g.garglesandmouthwashes.

Oralliquidspresentedaspowdersorgranulesmayofferbenefitsinthe

formofbetterstabilityandlowertransportcosts.Ifmorethanonetype

oforalliquidisavailableonthesamemarket(e.g.solution,suspension,

granulesforreconstitution),theymaybeinterchangedandinsuchcases

shouldbebioequivalent.Itispreferablethatoralliquidsdonotcontain

sugarandthatsolutionsforchildrendonotcontainalcohol.

B. Principal dosage forms used in EMLc - Parenteral administration

Term DefinitionInjection Referstosolutions,suspensionsandemulsionsincludingthose

constitutedfrompowdersorconcentratedsolutions.

Injection(qualified) Routeofadministrationisindicatedinparentheseswhererelevant.

Injection(oily) Theterminjectionisqualifiedby(oily)inrelevantentries.

Intravenousinfusion Referstosolutionsandemulsionsincludingthoseconstitutedfrom

powdersorconcentratedsolutions.


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EML 16 page - 35

C. Other dosage forms

Modeof

administration

Termtobeused

Totheeye Eyedrops,eyeointments.Topical Forliquids:lotions,paints.

Forsemisolids:cream,ointment.

Rectal Suppositories,gelorsolution.

Vaginal Pessariesorvaginaltablets.

Inhalation Powderforinhalation,pressurizedinhalation,nebulizer.


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EML 16 page - 36

Index

abacavir(ABC)........................................................ 10

acetazolamide................................ .......................... 27

aceticacid.............................................................. ... 30

acetylcysteine ............................................................ 3

acetylsalicylicacid .................................... 1,2,14,19

aciclovir ...................................................... .......... 9,26

albendazole................ ................................................ 4

alcuronium.................................................. ............. 26

allopurinol ........................................................... 2,15

aluminiumdiacetate............................................ ... 20

aluminiumhydroxide ............................................ 21

amidotrizoate .......................................................... 20

amikacin........................................................... ............ 8

amiloride .............................................................. .... 21

amiodarone ...................................................... .......... 18

amitriptyline ............................................................ 28

amlodipine............................................................... 18

amodiaquine....................... ..................................... 12

amoxicillin ............................................................ ..... 5

amoxicillin+clavulanicacid ................................... 5

amphotericinB....................................................... 9,12

ampicillin ................................................................... 5

antiDimmunoglobulin(human) ......................... 25

antitetanusimmunoglobulin(human)................. 25

antivenomimmunoglobulin ................................. 25

artemether...................... .......................................... 12

artemether+lumefantrine..................................... 12

artesunate............................................ ..................... 13

ascorbicacid ........................................................ .... 30

asparaginase............................................................... 15

atazanavir............................................................. .... 11

atenolol............................................................... 17,18

atropine ............................................................ 1,3,27

azathioprine ........................................................... 2,15

azithromycin........................................... ................... 6

bariumsulfate ...................................................... ... 20

BCGvaccine................................................ ............. 25

beclometasone ......................................................... 29

benzathine benzylpenicillin .................................... 5

benznidazole............................................................ 14

benzoicacid+salicylicacid................................... 19

benzoylperoxide..................................................... 20

benzylbenzoate....................................................... 20

benzylpenicillin....... .................................................. 5

betamethasone......................................................... 19

biperiden............................................................... ... 16

bleomycin......................................................... .......... 15

budesonide ........................................................ 29,30

bupivacaine................................................................ 1

caffeinecitrate ......................................................... 31

calaminelotion ........................................................ 19

calciumfolinate......................................................... . 15

calciumgluconate ............................................... 3,30

capreomycin ........................................................ ......... 8

carbamazepine..................................................... 3,28

carboplatin .......................................................... ....... 15

cefalexin.......................... ............................................ 5

cefazolin.................................................................... .. 5

cefixime....................................................................... 5

cefotaxime ........................................................... ......... 6

ceftazidime .......................................................... ......... 6

ceftriaxone..... ............................................................. 5

charcoal,activated..................................................... 3

chlorambucil........................................................ ....... 15

chloramphenicol....................................................... . 6

chlorhexidine ........................................................... 20

chlorinebasecompound ........................................ 21

chloroquine .......................................................... 2,13

chloroxylenol ........................................................... 21

chlorphenamine......................................................... 2

chlorpromazine ................................................. 27,28

cholecalciferol .......................................................... 30

choleravaccine ........................................................ 25

ciclosporin........................................................... ....... 15

ciprofloxacin ........................................................ 6,30

clindamycin ........................................................ ......... 7

clofazimine................................................................. 7

clomifene ............................................................. ....... 24

clomipramine..................................... ...................... 28

clotrimazole ............................................................... 9

cloxacillin ........................................................ ........... 5

coaltar ............................................................. ......... 20

codeine............................................................ ...... 2,23

condoms ................................................................... 23

coppercontainingdevice.......................................23

cyclophosphamide ...................................................... 15

cycloserine........................................................... ......... 8

cytarabine............................................................ ....... 15

dacarbazine ......................................................... ....... 15

dactinomycin....................................................... ....... 15

dapsone ........................................................... ........... 7

daunorubicin....................................................... ....... 15

deferoxamine ............................................................. 3

dexamethasone................. ............................. 2,16,21

dextran70.................................................................17

diaphragms .............................................................. 23

diazepam........................................................ .. 1,3,28

didanosine(ddI)...................................................... 10

diethylcarbamazine ......................................................4

digoxin......................................................................18


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EML 16 page - 37

diloxanide ................................................................ 12

dimercaprol ............................................................... 3

diphtheriaantitoxin................................................ 25

diphtheriavaccine .................................................. 25

dithranol.......................................... ......................... 20

DLmethionine .......................................................... 3

dopamine.......................................................... .......... 19

doxorubicin...................................................... .......... 15

doxycycline.......................................................... 6,13

efavirenz(EFVorEFZ)........................................... 11

efavirenz+emtricitabine+tenofovir ................... 11

eflornithine .............................................................. 14

emtricitabine(FTC)............. .................................... 10

emtricitabine+tenofovir..................................... ... 11

enalapril ............................................................... .... 18

ephedrine.......................................................... ............ 1

epinephrine(adrenaline) ....................... 2,18,27,29

ergocalciferol ........................................................... 30

ergometrine.............................................................. 27

erythromycin ............................................................. 7

estradiolcypionate+medroxyprogesterone

acetate ................................................................. . 23

ethambutol........ ......................................................... 8

ethambutol+isoniazid.......... ................................... 8

ethambutol+isoniazid+pyrazinamide+

rifampicin............................................................. . 8

ethambutol+isoniazid+rifampicin....................... 8

ethanol................................................................... ... 20

ethinylestradiol ....................................................... 24

ethinylestradiol+levonorgestrel .......................... 23

ethinylestradiol+norethisterone......................... . 23

ethionamide...................................................... ............ 8

ethosuximide............................................................... . 4

etoposide .......................................................... .......... 15

factorIXcomplex(coagulationfactors,

II,VII,IX,X)concentrate..................................... 17

factorVIIIconcentrate............................................... 17

ferroussalt ............................................................... 16

ferroussalt+folicacid ........................................... 16

fluconazole........................................... ...................... 9

flucytosine........................................................ ............ 9

fludrocortisone........................................................ 23

fluorescein........................................ ........................ 20

fluorouracil ...................................................... .... 15,20

fluoxetine ................................................................. 28

fluphenazine............................................................ 27

folicacid .................................................... ............... 16

furosemide......................................................... 19,21

gentamicin ........................................................... 7,26

glibenclamide ....................................................... ... 24

glucose........................... ........................................... 29

glucosewithsodiumchloride............................... 29

glutaral.................................................................. .... 21

glyceryltrinitrate..................................................... 17

griseofulvin................................................................9

Haemophilusinfluenzaetypebvaccine ..................25

haloperidol....... ........................................................ 28

halothane.................................................................... 1

heparinsodium ....................................................... 17

hepatitisAvaccine..................................................25

hepatitisBvaccine................................................... 25

humannormalimmunoglobulin................................17

hydralazine .............................................................. 18

hydrochlorothiazide ................................... 18,19,21

hydrocortisone................................... 3,16,19,22,23

hydroxocobalamin .................................................. 16

hydroxycarbamide...................................................... 15

ibuprofen........................................................ 1,14,31

ifosfamide ............................................................ ....... 15

imipenem+cilastatin................................................... 6

indinavir(IDV)........................................................11

influenzavaccine..................................................... 25

insulininjection(soluble).......................................24

intermediateactinginsulin....................................24

intraperitonealdialysissolution

(ofappropriatecomposition) .................................27

iodine ................................................................... ..... 30

iohexol ............................................................ .......... 20

ipratropiumbromide..............................................29

isoniazid .......................................................... ........... 8

isoniazid+pyrazinamide+rifampicin ..................8

isoniazid+rifampicin...............................................8

isosorbidedinitrate ................................................. 17

ivermectin .................................................................. 4

Japaneseencephalitisvaccine................................25

kanamycin........................................................... ......... 8

ketamine.....................................................................1

lamivudine(3TC) .................................................... 10

lamivudine+nevirapine+stavudine...................11

lamivudine+nevirapine+zidovudine................11

lamivudine+zidovudine.......................................12

levamisole .................................................................. 4

levodopa+carbidopa ............................................. 16

levonorgestrel..........................................................23

levonorgestrelreleasingimplant..........................23

levothyroxine........ ................................................... 24

lidocaine ............................................................ ... 1,18

lidocaine+epinephrine(adrenaline)......................1

lithiumcarbonate .................................................... 28

lopinavir+ritonavir(LPV/r)..................................11

lorazepam......................................................... .......... 3

Lugolssolution ........................................................ . 24

magnesiumhydroxide ........................................... 21

magnesiumsulfate.................................................... 3


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EML 16 page - 38

mannitol .............................................................. ..... 21

measlesvaccine ...................................................... . 25

mebendazole.............................................................. 4

medroxyprogesteroneacetate ......................... 23,24

mefloquine............................................................... 13

meglumineiotroxate .................................................. 20

melarsoprol...................... ........................................ 14

meningococcalmeningitisvaccine....................... 25

mercaptopurine...................................................... .... 15

mesna............................................................... .......... 16

metformin ................................................................ 24

methadone........................................................ .......... 28

methotrexate .......................................................... 2,16

methyldopa.................................................. ............ 18

methylrosaniliniumchloride(gentianviolet) ..... 19

methylthioniniumchloride(methyleneblue)....... 3

metoclopramide ...................................................... 22

metronidazole ..................................................... 7,12

miconazole............................................................... 19

mifepristone ............................................................... 27

misoprostol ...................................................... .......... 27

morphine........................... ..................................... 1,2

mumpsvaccine ....................................................... 25

naloxone ..................................................................... 3

neomycinsulfate+bacitracin................................ 19

neostigmine ............................................................. 26

nevirapine(NVP).................................................. .. 11

niclosamide............... ................................................. 4

nicotinamide............................................................ 30

nicotinereplacementtherapy(NRT).................... 28

nifedipine ................................................................. 27

nifurtimox ............................................................ .... 14

nitrofurantoin ............................................................ 7

nitrousoxide........................... ................................... 1

norethisterone ......................................................... 24

norethisteroneenantate.......................................... 23

nystatin.................................................................... ... 9

ofloxacin........................................................... ............ 9

omeprazole ............................................................ .. 21

ondansetron............................................................. 22

oralrehydrationsalts ....................................... 22,29

oxamniquine ............................................................... . 5

oxygen ........................................................... ............. 1

oxytocin............................................................... ..... 27

paminosalicylicacid ................................................... 9

pancreaticenzymes.................................................... 21

paracetamol ......................................................... 2,14

paromomycin .......................................................... 12

penicillamine............................................................ 2,3

pentamidine ............................................................... 14

permethrin ............................................................... 20

pertussisvaccine ..................................................... 26

phenobarbital.................................................. ........... 4

phenoxymethylpenicillin ......................................... 6

phenytoin ................................................................... 4

phytomenadione ..................................................... 17

pilocarpine ............................................................... 27

pneumococcalvaccine............................................26

podophyllumresin ................................................. 20

poliomyelitisvaccine..............................................26

polyvidoneiodine...................................................20

potassiumchloride.................................................. 29

potassiumferrichexacyanoferrate(II) 2H20

(Prussianblue) ...................................................... 3

potassiumiodide .................................................... 9,24

potassiumpermanganate....................................... 19

praziquantel...........................................................4, 5

prednisolone .................................................. 3,16,26

primaquine.......................................... ..................... 13

procainebenzylpenicillin....... .................................. 6

procarbazine........................................................ ....... 16

proguanil..................................................................13

promethazine.................... ......................................... 1

propranolol .............................................................. 15

propylthiouracil ...................................................... 24

prostaglandinE......................................................... . 31

protaminesulfate .................................................... 17

pyrantel ...................................................................... 4

pyrazinamide........................................ ..................... 8

pyridostigmine ........................................................... 26

pyridoxine................................................................30

pyrimethamine ........................................................ 14

quinine......... ............................................................. 13

rabiesimmunoglobulin..........................................25

rabiesvaccine................................................. .......... 26

ranitidine..................................................................21

retinol........................... ............................................. 30

ribavirin....................................................................12

riboflavin..................................................................30

rifabutin......................................................................8

rifampicin ............................................................... 7,8

ritonavir.................................................................... 11

rotavirusvaccine ..................................................... 26

rubellavaccine.........................................................26

salbutamol.................. .............................................. 29

salicylicacid.............................................................20

saquinavir(SQV).....................................................11

seleniumsulfide ........................................................ . 19

senna.........................................................................22

silversulfadiazine ................................................... 19

simvastatin...............................................................19

sodiumcalciumedetate............................................ 3

sodiumchloride ...................................................... 29

sodiumfluoride.......................................................30


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sodiumhydrogencarbonate ................................. 30

sodiumlactate ......................................................... 30

sodiumnitrite ............................................................ 3

sodiumnitroprusside................................................. 18

sodiumstibogluconateor meglumine

antimoniate ......................................................... 12

sodiumthiosulfate .............................................. 3,19

spectinomycin ........................................................... 7

spironolactone......................................................... 21

stavudine(d4T)....................................................... 10

streptokinase .............................................................. 19

streptomycin................ .............................................. 8

sulfadiazine............................................................. . 14

sulfadoxine+pyrimethamine ............................... 13

sulfamethoxazole+trimethoprim .................... 7,14

sulfasalazine........................................................... 2,22

suraminsodium ..................................................... 4,14

surfactant......................................................... .......... 31

suxamethonium ...................................................... 26

tamoxifen ......................................................... .......... 16

tenofovirdisoproxilfumarate ............................... 10

testosterone ...................................................... .......... 23

tetanusvaccine ........................................................ 26

tetracaine....... ........................................................... 26

tetracycline...............................................................26

thiamine................................... ................................. 30

thiopental ...................

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