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Statistical ReasoningDiscussion Paragraph:

5B1 web

47. Polling Organization48. Harper’s Index

1 world49. Applying the Guidelines50. Believable Results51. Unbelievable Results52. Legal Experts53. Biased Questioning

5C1 web

48. CO2 Emissions49. Energy Table50. Statistical Abstract

1 World51. Frequency Tables52. Bar Graph53. Pie Chart54. Histogram55. Line Chart

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Unit 5D

Graphics in the Media

5-D

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A multiple bar graph has two or more sets of bars that allow comparison between two or more data sets. All the data sets must involve the same categories so that they can be displayed on the same graph.

A stack plot shows different data sets in a vertical stack. Stack plots usually use either stacked bars or stacked line graphs.

Graphics Beyond the Basics

5-D

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The following multiple bar graph shows how education affects personal employment.

A Multiple Bar Graph

5-DEducation and EmploymentCN (1a-b)

1. Examine Figure. a. What is its major message? b. Why are the two sets of bars shown separately

that next to each other?

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5-D

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The following stack plot shows trends in death rates from four diseases.

A Stack Plot

5-D

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What was the death rate for tuberculosis in 1930?

About 220 – 100 = 120 deaths per 100,000

Reading a Stack Plot

5-DStack PlotCN (2)

2. What was the death rate for cardiovascular disease in 1980?

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5-DInterpreting Geographical DataCN (3)

3. Which state has the highest per capita energy usage?

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5-DInterpreting Geographical DataCN (4)

4. Were there any temperatures above 80 degrees Fahrenheit in the US on the date shown?

Where?

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5-DThree Dimensional Bird MigrationCN (5-6)

5. About what time was the largest number of birds flying over the east-west

line marked by the seven

cities?

6. Over what part of New

York did most of the birds fly?

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5-DOlympic WomenCN (7)

Describe 3 trends shown in this figure.

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5-D

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Perceptual distortions: Many graphics are drawn in a way that distorts our perception of them.

Watch the scales: It can be visually deceptive if you do not study the scales carefully.

Percentage change graphs: Graphs that show percentage change can be misleading unless you interpret them with great care.

Pictographs: Pictographs are graphs embellished with additional artwork. The artwork may make the graph more appealing, but can also mislead.

A Few Cautions about Graphics

5-D

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The lengths of the dollars to the right represent the data, but your eyes tend to focus on the area.

Perceptual Distortion

5-D

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Both graphs show the same data, but they look very different because their vertical scales have different ranges.

Different Vertical Scales

5-D

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It appears that the world population has been rising linearly. However, the time intervals on the horizontal axis are not uniform in size.

Different Horizontal Scales

5-DQuick QuizCN (8)

8. Please answer all ten of the quick quiz questions together as a group.

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5-D5D Homework

Discussion Paragraph (5B and5C) p.345: 1-12 1 web

39. Weather Maps 40. Cancer Cure

1 world 41. News Graphics 42. Geographical Data 43. Three-Dimensional Effects 44. Graphic Confusion 45. Outstanding News Graph

Class Notes 1-8

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