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Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Results from Inspecting Results from Inspecting Test Automation ScriptsTest Automation Scripts
Howie Dow
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Agenda
Audience - Project - Terminology
What the team did
Results and data
Benefits, pitfalls and how to
Conclusions
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Car Cah
Parked Pahked
Rs ????Idea
Idear
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Target Audience
EngineersProject leaders
IdeallyTrained on inspectionsSome inspection experience
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Project
Call center system
Functional tests
GoalsDefect free test scripts
On time
Increase skill level
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Skill levelsSkill Level (Red=Available, Green=Needed)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
1 2 3 4
Engineer Number
Ski
ll L
eve
l (1
=L
ow
, 2=
Me
diu
m,
3=H
igh
)
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Terminology
Inspection = Software Inspection = Formal Inspection
= “Fagan Style” Inspection
Reviews
Walk-Throughs
Any technique
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Terminology
Inspection characteristicsGoals
Rules, Roles, Responsibilities
Process
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Goals of Inspections
Find defects
Collect data
Archive data
Use data
Learn
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Etiquette, Customs and Rules
Focus on the product
Be prepared
Open mind
Language
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Roles and Responsibilities
Moderator Recorder
Reader Author
Management
Inspector
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Planning
ProductOverview
Preparation
Inspection
Rework
Data analysisand storage
Re-inspect(optional)
Inspection Process
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Audience - Project - TerminologyWhat the team didResults and dataBenefits, pitfalls and how toConclusions
Agenda
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Moderator Recorder
Reader Author Inspector
Manager
Roles and Responsibilities
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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ProductOverview
Planning
Preparation
Inspection
Rework
Data analysisand storage
Re-inspect(optional)
Allowedsuggestions
Time not collected
Inspection Process Used
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Summary of key differences
Omit product overview
Involved management
Suggesting fixes allowed
Strong bias to re-examine after rework by another team member
Omission - collecting preparation time
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Ready to go
17 Scripts
3-6 inspectors
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Data CollectedScript identifier
Author
Date completed
Date inspected
Size
Defect: number, location, description
Inspection time
Inspectors
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Audience - Project - TerminologyWhat the team didResults and dataBenefits, pitfalls and how toConclusions
Agenda
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Results
No operational defects found in inspected test scripts
On time delivery
Increased skill level Defects
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Summary Data - 1
TotalsScripts inspected: 17
LOC inspected: 12,949
Defects found: 544
Time spent: 24.2 hours 75 hours
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Summary Data - 2
Number of Scripts Written
0
2
4
6
8
A B C
Engineer
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Summary Data - 3
Calculated Defect density: 42 Defects/KLOC
Inspection rate: 535 LOC/hour 173 LOC/hour
Defect find rate: 22.5 Defects/hour 7 Defects/hr
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Summary Data - 4
Severity type Quantity Percent of total
High 15 2.8%
Medium 209 38.4%
Low 320 58.8%
Total 544 100%
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Percent Severity
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%1 3 5 7 9 11
13
15
17
Inspection Date (earliest to most recent)
% Low PriorityDefects
% Medium PriorityDefects
% High PriorityDefects
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Inspectors per Inspection
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inspection Date (earliest to most recent)
# o
f In
sp
ec
tors
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Defects per KLOC
0.020.040.0
60.080.0100.0120.0
140.0160.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inspection Date (earliest to most recent)
De
fec
ts/K
LO
C
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Defects Found per Hour
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inspection Date (earliest to most recent)
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Defect Count vs. Size (LOC)
0
1020
3040
50
6070
8090
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Size (LOC)
De
fec
t C
ou
nt
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Size vs. Defects/KLOC
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0
Defects/KLOC
Siz
e
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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ObservationDefect Count vs. Size (LOC)
0
1020
3040
50
6070
8090
100
0 500 1000 1500 2000
Size (LOC)
De
fec
t C
ou
nt
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Observation
% Medium Severity Defects
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18
Inspection Date (earliest to most recent)
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Observation
Size vs. Defects/KLOC
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0
Defects/KLOC
Siz
e
???
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Size (LOC)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Size(LOC)Eng A
Size(LOC)Eng B
Size(LOC)Eng C
Observation
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Defects per KLOC
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Defects/KLOCEng A
Defects/KLOCEngr B
Defects/KLOCEng C
Excellent!
Observation
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Audience - Project - TerminologyWhat the team didResults and dataBenefits, pitfalls and how toConclusions
Agenda
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Benefits
No operational defects reported
On time delivery
Value of process shown
Some increase in expertise
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Pitfalls
Must be
“Sloppy” data collection
Need for more training
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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How to
Find a “critical” project
Suggest doing something different
Keep it simple - be flexible
Propose “Let’s put more eyes on the code.”
“Let’s inspect the code.”
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Audience - Project - TerminologyWhat the team didResults and dataBenefits, pitfalls and how toConclusions
Agenda
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Conclusions
Test scripts can be inspected
Share your resultsOther testers
Developers
Useful as a learning tool
Avoid unrealistic expectations
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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ReferencesThe original article on software inspections. “Design and Code Inspections to Reduce Errors in Program Development”, Michael Fagan, IBM Systems Journal, Volume 15, No. 3, 1976. This may be available as reprint at: http://www.research.ibm.com/journal/si/382/fagan.pdf
Handbook of Walkthroughs, Inspections, and Technical Reviews, Daniel P. Freedman and Gerald M. Weinberg, 3rd Edition, Dorset House, 1990
Software Inspection, Tom Gilb and Dorothy Graham, Addison-Wesley, 1990
Copyright (c) 2003 Howard E. Dow
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Howie [email protected]
Thank you for your time.
Questions please