Corpus Aristotelicum Biblio

Bibliography on the Ancient Catalogues ofAristotle's Writings and the Origin of the CorpusAristotelicumIndex of the Section: Metaphysics or Ontology? The Debate about the Subject Matter of First Philosophy

Aristotle's Definition of a Science of Being qua Being

Selected Bibliography on the Meanings of Being in Aristotle

The Place of Metaphysics in the Ancient Divisions of Philosophy

The Peripatos after Aristotle's and the Origin of the Corpus Aristotelicum

Bibliography on the Ancient Catalogues of Aristotle and the Corpus Aristotelicum

Ancient Catalogues of Aristotle's Works: English studies

Diogenes Laërtius, Lives, V 22-27

Hesychius of Miletus and Ptolemy al-Garib

Listes Anciennes des Ouvrages d'Aristote: études en français

Diogène Laërce, Vies V, 22-27

Hésychius de Milet et Ptolémée el-Garib

The Oblivion of Being After Aristotle: Theophrastus' Metaphysics

The Neoplatonic Commentators on Aristotle's Metaphysics

BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THE THREE ANCIENT CATALOGUESOF ARISTOTLES' WRITINGS

See the "Catalogue of Titles of works attributed by Aristotle" (PDF) compiled by Monte RansomeJohnson for the Greek text and an English translation.

A) Diogenes Laërtius (III century): Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers - Book V.22-27 ThePeripatetics.

See also: Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius. A bibliography

Diogenes Laertii. Vitae Philosophorum. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1964.Critical edition of the Greek text by Herbert Strainge Long

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Diogenes Laertius. Vitae philosophorum. Stuttgart: B. G. Teubner 1999.Critical edition by Miroslav Marcovich.Vol. I: Libri I - X ; Vol. II: Excerpta Byzantina et indices ; Vol III: Indices Hans Gärtner (2002).

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Bibliography on the Ancient Catalogues of Aristotle's Writings http://www.ontology.co/biblio/corpus-aristotelicum-biblio.htm

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Diogenes Laërtius. Vitae philosophorum. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2011.New critical edition in two volumes by Tiziano Dorandi (not yet published).The first volume is in press and the second near to completion (Tiziano Dorandi, "Premessa"(February 2009) to Laertiana , Berlin, Walter de Gruyter, 2009 p. XI.

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Diogenes Laërtius. Lives of eminent philosophers. Cambridge: Harvard University Press 1925.Translated by R. D. Hicks with the Greek text facing.Reprint with an introduction by H. S. Long, 1972

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B) The Anonymous Catalogue known as Vita Menagiana or Vita Hesychii, sometimes attributed toHesychius of Miletus (V century).

Laertis Diogenis. De vitis, dogmatis et apophtegmatis eorum qui in philosophia claruerunt libri X.Londinii: Octavanum Pulleyn 1664.First edition Paris 1663. Reprint by John Pearson (1613-1686) of the Aldobrandinian edition of1594 with Annotationes by Henri Estienne (Stephanis), Isaac and Méric Casaubon andObservationibus by Gilles Ménage (Aegidii Menagii, 1613-1692) that contains the first printededition of an anonymous life of Aristotle (the so-called Vita Menagiana).

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Laertis Diogenis. De vitis, dogmatibus et apophtegmatibus clarorum philosophorum libri X.Amstelædami: H. Wetstenium 1692.Greek and Latin text by Marc Meibom, with annotations to I. and M. Casaubon, T. Aldobrandini intwo volumes.The second volume contains: Aegidii Menagii in Diogenem Observationes auctiores, ut et JoachimiKühnii ad Diogenem Notas.

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Rose Valentine. Aristoteles pseudoepigraphus. Lipsia: Teubner 1863.Index Diogenis pp. 12-18; Index Hesychii (ex Aegidii Menagii observ. in Diog. Laert. p. 201 cumvitis omnibus accurate excriptus) pp. 18-20

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Rose Valentine. Aristotelis qui ferebantur librorum fragmenta. Lipsia: Teubner 1886.Reprint of the Vita Hesychii published in Aristoteles pseudepigraphus

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Düring Ingemar. Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell1957.Reprinted New York, Garland, 1987.Diogenes Laertius (Catalogue) pp. 41-50; Hesychius (Catalogue) pp. 83-89; Ptolemy's Catalogue(English translation and Greek retroversion from Arabic) pp. 221-231

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Diogenes Laertius. Pseudo-Hesychii Milesii De Viris Illustribus. In Vitae philosophorum. Stuttgart:B. G. Teubner 1999. pp. 89-138Vol. II: Excerpta Byzantina et indices. Critical edition by Miroslav Marcovich of the Pseudo-Heysichius Viris illustribus: a compilation of texts extracted from the Lives of Diogenes Laertiusand the Suda.

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Dorandi Tiziano, "La Vita Hesychii d'Aristote," Studi Classici e Orientali 52: 87-106 (2006).Publié en 2009."La Vita Hesychii ou Vita Menagiana d'Aristote (= VH), faisait partie de l'Onomatologos e pinaxton en paideia onomaston d'Hésychius de Milet (VI s.), histoire de la littérature limitée, à ce qu'il

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semble, aux auteurs païens, et perdue dans son intégralité.Je voudrais proposer une nouvelle édition de ce court texte, dont l'importance pour la reconstructionde la biographie d'Aristote et de la liste de ses oeuvres est indéniable. J'ai commencé à travailler surla VH en marge de mon édition du texte grec des Vies et doctrines des philosophes illustres deDiogène Laërce (en particulier de la Vie d'Aristote au livre V 1-35), et en prévision d'un volumeconsacré à la tradition biographique antique d'Aristote dans lequel je rééditerai, entre autre, les Viesanciennes (grecques et latines) du Stagirite accompagnées d'apparats, d'une traduction et de notesde commentaire." p. 87Édition critique du text grec pp. 98-103

C) The Catalogue attributed to Ptolemy el-Garib (I century) and transmitted in two Arabic version by Ibnal-Qifti (ca. 1172-1248) and Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203-1270).

Ibn An-Nadim. Kitab al-Fihrist, mit Anmerkungen. Leipzig: 1871.Two volumes: I edited by Gustav Flügel (1871); II: edited by Johannes Rödiger, August Müller(1872); written in the 10th century.On Ptolemy el-Garib see vol. I pp. 246-252.

"We learn from the writer's own words that he has before him the Vita of Ptolemy-el-Garib; hegives us the title of it and says in (14) that his own notes are a brief epitome. Our conclusion is thatbefore 950 there was in circulation in Baghdad an Arabic summary of Ptolemy's Vita, including afull translation of the Will. Since an-Nadim presents his classification of Aristotle's writings inroughly the same form as al-Yaqubi (...), Baumstark concluded that he had not seen the Arabictranslation of Ptolemy's catalogue. But this is a weak argument, for he might have found Ptolemy'scatalogue too detailed and technical and have preferred the classification based on the traditionalprolegomena. Moreover we observe that, unlike al-Kindi and al-Yaqubi, an-Nadim regarded the Deanima as one of the physical treatises." Düring, 1957 cit., p. 195.

(14) About him [Aristotle] numerous stories are circulated of which we only have mentioned theessentials.

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Müller August. Das Arabische Verzeichniss der Aristotelischen Schriften. In MorgenländischeForschungen. Festschrift Herrn Professor Dr. H. L. Fleischer. Leipzig: Brockhaus 1875. pp. 1-32Verzeichniss der Aristotelischen Schriften aus dem Buche des Ptolomaeus an Gallus (first edition ofPtolemy's Catalog) pp. 19-22

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Ibn Abi Usaibi'a. Uyun al-anba fi tabaqat al-atibba (Lives of the physicians). Edited by MüllerAugust. Königsberg: 1884.Vol. I pp. 54-69 (contains the Vita Aristotelis by Usaibi'a and the Catalogue by Ptolemy el-Garib)written 1245-1246."Comments on Ptolemy's Catalogue. P. Moraux's valuable book, Les Listes anciennes des ouvragesd'Aristote, Louvain 1951, deals at length with Ptolemy's catalogue and gives full references to theearlier literature. I have learnt much from his discussion of the complicated problems, but I do notalways agree with his conclusions; see my paper "Ariston or Hermippus?", in: Classica etmediaevalia, 17, 1956, pp. 11-21. M. Plezia De Andronici Rhodii studii aristotelicis closely followsBaumstark but contributes many good observations.My translation of the catalogue is based on Usaibia, but I have added al-Qifti's readings (...)A full critical apparatus is found in Steinschneider's edition, in the Berlin Academy edition ofAristotle, tom. V, pp. 1469-73. (...) Baumstark Syrisch-arabische Biographieen des Aristotelesgives a complete translation of the two versions of the catalogue, pp. 61-7o, profuse comments and

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a bold reconstruction of the original catalogue of Andronicus, built on Littig's book on Andronicus.I am sceptical of these airy constructions. In my edition I have added ten sub-titles (Publishedworks, etc.) to distinguish the sections of the catalogue." Düring, 1957 cit., pp. 241-242.

Baumstark Anton. Syrisch-arabische Biographieen des Aristoteles. Syrische Kommentare zurEisagoge des Porphyrios. Leipzig: Teubner 1900.Aristoteles bei den Syrern vom V. - VIII. JahrhundertSyrische texte herausgegeben, übersetzt und untersucht von Dr. A. Baumstark. Erster Band.Reprint: Aachen, Scientia Verlag, 1975.German translation of the two versions of Ptolemy's Catalogue (by IBN al-Qifti and by Ibn AbiUsaibi'a) pp. 61-70).

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Al-Qifti Gamaladdin. Tabaqat al-hukama (Schools of Wise Men). Edited by Lippert Julius. Leipzig:1903.Contains the Catalogue by Ptolemy el-Garib; Latin translation of the Catalogue by MoritzSteinschneider in: Aristotelis - Opera Omnia - vol. V, Berlin, 1870, p. 1469."s. v. Ptolemy-el-Garib:'This scholar was during his lifetime a philosopher in the country of the Greeks, and he is notidentical with the author of the Almagest. He was a friend of Aristotle whom he loved and defendedfrom his enemies, and he transmitted his doctrines to everybody who was eager to acquireknowledge about them from him. On account of this he was a highly reputed and honoured scholarduring his lifetime.Many kings and scholars are known under the name of Ptolemy. They distinguished them from oneanother by adding a special name, so that we can know them under this name.In order to show his solicitude concerning Aristotle this scholar wrote a book On the life ofAristotle, his death, and the classification of his books.'Comment: The Fihrist says (19): "Ptolemy-el-Garib who was an adherent of Aristotle and spreadknowledge about his merits; he is the author of a book On ... books". - Usaibia, in the introductionto his biography, says: "Thus speaks Ptolemy in his book to Gallus on the life and history ofAristotle, his Will and the list of his famous writings."Apart from the fact that his name is mentioned several times in the biographies, this is allinformation we have on Ptolemy in Arabic sources. Almost identical is the title given by Elias, InCat. CIAG XVIII 1 p. 3.Al-Qifti's work is a biographic handbook with about one hundred articles on Greek authors,arranged in alphabetical order, written between 1230 and 1235. The original, now lost, was used byUsaibia, Abu-l-Farag, and Abu-l-Fida; what is left is an epitome and several extracts.Steinschneider, Lippert and Baumstark characterize the work as a compilation of earlier works,partly lost, partly extant. Steinschneider Al-Farabi. Des arabischen Philosophen Leben undSchriften (1869), pp. 187-191 gives a general survey of his biographical article on Aristotle; someadditional notes by Baumstark Syrisch-arabische Biographieen des Aristoteles p. 15, and byLippert Studien auf dem Gebiete der greich-arab. Übersetzungslitteratur, Braunschweig, 1894, inhis comments on Mubashir. Latin translation of the catalogue by Steinschneider, in: AristotelisOpera Omnia, V, Berlin 1870, p. 1469.On the special problem of identifying our Ptolemy a great many scholars have expressed opinions;a good survey of the literature in P. Moraux, Listes anciennes des ouvrages d' Aristote, pp. 289-294.It was W. Christ and J. Lippert who simultaneously suggested that our Ptolemy is identical with therather obscure Ptolemaios Chennos, writing in the last half of the first century A. D.It is important to realize that the presentation of Ptolemy in our three sources is nothing but anelaboration of the title of his book. Everything in this note is obviously based on the book itself asthe only source. Lippert interpreted the sentence "They distinguished - under this name" asimplying: "and this is why Ptolemy-el-Garib also has a special name, given to him by the Greeks".

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Susemihl, in his review of Lippert, op. cit. (Berl. Phil. Wochenschrift 15, 15, p. 1130) added thefollowing remark: "dass diese Bezeichnung "der Fremde" nicht erst von den Arabern herriihrt,erhellt aus der nachdrucklichen Angabe von Qifti". Unfortunately this is not so; Usaibia's statementis not at all so definite and unambiguous." Düring, 1957 cit., pp. 208-209

Düring Ingemar. Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell1957.Reprinted New York, Garland, 1987.Ptolemy's Catalogue (English translation and Greek retroversion from Arabic) pp. 221-231

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Düring Ingemar. Ptolemy's Vita Aristotelis rediscovered. In Philomathes. Studies and essays in thehumanities in memory of Philip Merlan. Edited by Palmer Robert B. and Hamerton-Kelly Robert.La Haye: Nijhoff 1971. pp. 264-269Contains the English translation, by Bernhard Lewin, of the dedicatory letter to Gallus found in anArabic manuscript (codex Ayasofya 4833, Istanbul, folios 10a-18a) of the Vita Aristotelis byPtolemy el-Garib.

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Hein Christel. Definition und Einteilung der Philosophie. Von der spätantiken Einleitungsliteraturzur arabischen Enzyklopädie. New York: Peter Lang 1985.Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung 1; 1. Einleitungen in dir Gesamtphilosophie 34; 2. Einletungen in diePhilosophie des Aristoteles 238; 3. Schriftenverzeichnisse zu Aristoteles (Pinakes) 388; Anhang zuTeil 3: Ms. Ayasofia 4833 fol. 10b-11a, 14b-18a 415; Zusammenfassung 440; Siglen 445;Abkuzungen 446; Literatuvzeichnis 447-482.

Contains the Arabic transcription of the Catalogue of Aristotle's writings ascribed to Ptolemyel-Garib and a German translation of the dedication to Gallus, according to the new Arabicmanuscript discovered in the Aya Sofia Library in Istanbul by Hellmut Ritter, "Philologika XIII.Arabische Handschriften in Anatolian and Istanbul" in: Oriens 2, 1949, pp. 236-314; 3, 1950, pp.31-107.

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Aristotle. The complete works of Aristotle. The revised Oxford translation. Edited by BarnesJonathan. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1984.Vol. II: Catalogue of Aristotle's writings: Diogenes Laertius V, 22-27; Appendix: (A) Titles found inthe Vita Menagiana but not in Diogenes; (B) Titles in the Life of Ptolemy but neither in Diogenesnot in the Vita Menagiana (pp. 2386-2388).

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Aristotle. Aristotelis Opera (ex recensione I. Bekkeri, ed. 2) III: Librorum DeperditorumFragmenta. Edited by Gigon Olof. Berlin: de Gruyter 1987.Diogenes Laërtius' Catalogue pp. 22-24; Vita Hesychii (Vita Menagiana) pp. 26-28; Ptolemyel-Garib pp. 38-45 (from the English translation by I. Düring: "Novam translationem Anglicam,quae gratissimo animo usus sum, confecit I. Düring, Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition,Göteborg 1957 pp. 221-231" note by O. Gigon).

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CRITICAL EDITION OF THE THREE CATALOGUES

Aristotle. Aristotelis Opera (ex recensione I. Bekkeri, ed. 2) III: Librorum DeperditorumFragmenta. Edited by Gigon Olof. Berlin: de Gruyter 1987.Diogenes Laërtius' Catalogue pp. 22-24; Vita Hesychii (Vita Menagiana) pp. 26-28; Ptolemy

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el-Garib pp. 38-45 (from the English translation by I. Düring: "Novam translationem Anglicam,quae gratissimo animo usus sum, confecit I. Düring, Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition,Göteborg 1957 pp. 221-231" note by O. Gigon).

ENGLISH TRANSLATION OF THE CATALOGUES

Aristotle. The complete works of Aristotle. The revised Oxford translation. Edited by BarnesJonathan. Princeton: Princeton University Press 1984.Vol. II: Catalogue of Aristotle's writings: Diogenes Laertius V, 22-27; Appendix: (A) Titles found inthe Vita Menagiana but not in Diogenes; (B) Titles in the Life of Ptolemy but neither in Diogenesnot in the Vita Menagiana (pp. 2386-2388)

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SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY ON THE ANCIENTCATALOGUES OF ARISTOTLE'S WRITINGS AND THECORPUS ARISTOTELICUM

See also: The Lives and Opinions of Eminent Philosophers by Diogenes Laërtius. A bibliography

La scuola dei filosofi. Scienza e organizzazione istituzionale della scuola di Aristotele. Edited byNatali Carlo. L'Aquila: Japadre 1981.Indice: C. Natali: Introduzione 7; U. v. Wilamowitz-Moelledorff: Le scuole filosofiche e la politica.La posizione giuridica delle scuole filosofiche 29; H. Jackson: L'aula di Aristotele e le sue lezioni47; W. Jaeger: La pubblicazione dei trattati 55; F. Wehrli: Il Peripato fino al I sec. a.C. Panoramagenerale 69; I. Düring: Breve sommario di commenti e conclusioni 97; J. P. Lynch: Il Liceo altempo di Aristotele 107; H. B. Gottschalk: Note sui testamenti degli scolarchi peripatetici 129;Appendice: 1) Il Liceo: ambiente fisico 145; 2) Filosofi e teatro 146; 3) La legge di Sofocle diSunio 149; 4) La scuola di Aristotele. Alcuni dati 152; Aristotele e la sua biblioteca 152; Iscrizionionorifiche per Aristotele 154; Notizie sull'organizzazione della scuola dopo Aristotele 154; 5) Lepolemiche contro Aristotele 157; 6) Brani dalle opere di Aristotele 163-169

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Dictionnaire des philosophes antiques. Edited by Goulet Richard. Paris: Éditions du CentreNational de la Recherche Scientifique 1989.Vol. I: d' Abam(m)on à Axiothéa (1989); II: de Babélyca d'Argos à Dyscolius (1994); III: d'Eccélosà Juvénal (2000); IV: de Labeo à Ovidius (2005); V: P - R (en préparation); VI: S - Z (enpréparation).Voir les notices sur: Andronicus de Rhodes (Richard Goulet=R.G.) pp. I, 200-2002; Apellicon deTéos (R. G.) pp.I, 266-267; Aristote de Stagire: Prosopographie. La version arabe (intégrale?) de laVie d'Aristote écrite par Ptolomée (Maroun Aouad) pp. I, 415-417; L'oeuvre d'Aristote (R.G.) pp. I,424-443; Hermippe de Smyrne (Jean-Pierre Schneider= J.-P. S.) III, pp. 655-658; Néleus de Scepsis(J.-P. S.) IV, pp. 617-620

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Baffioni Carmela, "Antiche liste arabe delle opere di Aristotele," Rassegna di Scienze Filosofiche29: 83-114 (1976).

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Barnes Jonathan. Roman Aristotle. In Philosophia togata II. Plato and Aristotle at Rome. Edited byBarnes Jonathan and Griffin Miriam. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1997. pp. 1-69Reprinted in: Gregory Nagy (ed.) - Greek Literature in the Roman Period and in Late Antiquity -

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(Greek literature, Vol. 8) - New York, Routledge, 2001 pp. 119-187.

"When Theophrastus died, his library, which included the library of Aristotle, was carried off to theTroad. His successors found nothing much to read; the Lyceum sank into a decline; and Peripateticideas had little influence on the course of Hellenistic philosophy. It was only with the rediscoveryof the library that Aristotelianism revived-and it revived in Italy. For the library went from theTroad to Athens -- whence, as part of Sulla's war-booty, to Rome. There Andronicus of Rhodesproduced the 'Roman edition' of the corpus Aristotelicum. It was the first complete and systematicversion of Aristotle's works, the first publication in their full form of the technical treatises, the firstgenuinely critical edition of the text. Andronicus' Roman edition caused a sensation. It revitalisedthe languishing Peripatetics. It set off an explosion of Aristotelian studies. It laid the foundation forall subsequent editions of Aristotle's works, including our modern texts. When we read Aristotle weshould pour a libation to Andronicus -- and to Sulla." p. 1

Baumstark Anton. Syrisch-arabische Biographieen des Aristoteles. Syrische Kommentare zurEisagoge des Porphyrios. Leipzig: Teubner 1900.Aristoteles bei den Syrern vom V. - VIII. JahrhundertSyrische texte herausgegeben, übersetzt und untersucht von Dr. A. Baumstark. Erster Band.Reprint: Aachen, Scientia Verlag, 1975.Inhalt: Vorrede V-XIV. Syrisch-arabische Biographieen des Aristoteles 1; 1. Ptolemaios Chennos13; A. Die Lebensgeschichte und das Testament 15; B. Das Schriftenverzeichnis 53; 2. DerAnonymus des Ishaq ibn Hunain 105; 3. Der Anonymus des al-Räzi 126;Syrische Commentare zur Eisagogé des Porphyrios 133. 1. Der Commentar des Pröbä 139; 1. DerCommentar des Ioannes Philoponos 156; A. Die Fragmente des cod. Vat. Syr. 158 171; B.Stephanos von Alexandreia in den Dialogen des Severus bar Sakkü 181; C. Der liber deftnitionumdes Bäzüd 210; 3. Der Commentar des Anonymus Vaticanus 223; Syrische Texte (68 Seiten)

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Bidez Joseph. Un singulier naufrage littéraire dans l'antiquité. A la recherche des épaves del'Aristote perdu. Bruxelles: Office de publicité 1943.

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Bignone Ettore. L'Aristotele perduto e la formazione filosofica di Epicuro. Firenze : La Nuova Italia1936.Presentazione di Vittorio Enzo Alfieri.Ristampa Milano, Bompiani, 2007

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Blum Rudolf. Kallimachos. The Alexandrian Library and the origins of bibliography. Madison:University of Wisconsin Press 1991.Translated by Hans H. Wellisch from the German: Kallimachos und die Literaturvezeichung bei denGriechen. Untersuchungen zur Geschichte der Biobibliographie - Frankfurt am Main, Buchhändler-Vereinigung, 1977."This work deals with the beginnings of bibliography. Kallimachos of Kyrene, a Hellenistic scholarand a famous poet, created about 260 B.C. a fundamental list of Greek authors with biographicaland bibliographical data, the first national author bibliography, based on the holdings of theAlexandrian library. But what he, his predecessors, and successors achieved in the field ofbibliography, that staging area for the history of literature, is almost unknown outside the circle ofexperts. In addition, there are some important related issues which are still in need of clarification.The investigations which I have undertaken for this purpose pertain to questions in the history ofancient scholarship and librarianship. But I endeavored to write in such a manner that not onlystudents of Classical Antiquity will be able to follow me. Therefore, I inserted explanations ofissues pertaining to Antiquity wherever I deemed them to be appropriate. Greek quotations arerendered in translation. Greek titles of books, typical Greek expressions, and shorter sayings of

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Greek scholars are always transliterated. Some passages in the footnotes are also given in theoriginal Greek." (From the Preface)

On Aristotle see Chapter 2: Forerunners: Aristotle, his predecessors and pupils 14-94 (in particular2.6 The Library of Aristotle pp. 52-94)

Bodéüs Richard, "Contribution à l'histoire des oeuvres morales d'Aristote: les Testimonia," RevuePhilosophique de Louvain 71: 451-467 (1973).

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Bollansée Jan. Hermippos of Smyrna and his biographical writings. A reappraisal. Leuven: Peeters1999.See Appendix 1. Translations of selected Testimonia and the biographical fragments pp. 189-226and 3. Hermippos and the authorship of Diogenes Laertios' Catalogue of Aristotle's writings(5.22-27) pp. 233-243

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Bos Abraham P. Cosmic and meta-cosmic theology in Aristotle's lost dialogues. Leiden: Brill 1989.See Chapter X. The relation between Aristotle's lost writings and the surviving CorpusAristotelicum pp. 97-112 and Chapter XI. Exoterikoi logoi and enklikoi logoi in the CorpusAristotelicum and the origin of the idea of the enkyklios paideia pp. 113-152

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Brink Karl Oskar. Peripatos. In Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft (Pauly-Wissowa). Suppl. VII. Stuttgart: J.B. Metzlersche 1940. pp. 899-949

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Chroust Anton-Hermann, "The miraculous disappearance and recovery of the CorpusAristotelicum," Classica et Mediaevalia 23: 50-67 (1962).

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Chroust Anton-Hermann. Aristotle. New light on his life and on some of his lost works. London:Routledge & Kegan Paul 1973.Vol. I: Some novel interpretations of the man and his life.See the following chapters: I. A brief account of the (lost) Vita Aristotelis of Hermippus and of the(lost) Vita Aristotelis of Ptolemy (el-Garib) 1-15; III. An analysis of the Vita Aristotelis of DiogenesLaertius (DL V. 1-16); 25-53; IV. A summary of the Syriac and Arabic Vitae Aristotelis 54-72.

"This book, which consists of two distinct volumes, essentially is a collection of papers which Iwrote between 1963 and 1968, when I became interested in the historical Aristotle -- the Aristotlerevealed not merely in the highly problematic Corpus Aristotelicum, but also in the ancientbiographical tradition and in the 'lost works' of the young Stagirite. Some of the papers collectedand edited here owe their origin to classroom discussions and lectures which I offered while onleave from the Notre Dame Law School. They have previously been published in various journals,both in the United States and elsewhere. When re-editing these papers for this book, I made somefar-reaching alterations, important additions, incisive corrections and, it is hoped, some worthwhileimprovements." (from the Preface, IX)

"Aside from a more general and rather sweeping discussion of the several Vitae Aristotelis inChapter I, only the Vita (or Chronologia) Aristotelis of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the Vita ofDiogenes Laertius And the Vitae of the Syriac and Arabic biographers are treated in this book withany detail. The Vita Aristotelis Marciana, which was recently edited by O. Gigon, the Vita Hesychii(Vita Menagii or Vita Menagiana), the Vita Vulgata, the Vita Latina and the brief biographicalsketches found in the Neo-Platonic commentaries to the works of Aristotle, on the other hand, havenot received special treatment, although frequent reference is made to them. Chapter I also makesan attempt to reconstruct the essential content of the lost Vita Aristotelis of Hermippus of Smyrna as

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well as that of the likewise lost Vita Aristotelis of Ptolemy (-el-Garib). These two Vitae, it isclaimed, constitute the most important sources or intermediary authorities for the majority of thesubsequent Vitae. Chapter II, which discusses the Vita Aristotelis of Dionysius of Halicarnassus,indicates that this Vita is actually a brief chronology which offers little detailed information, exceptsome valuable and apparently accurate biographical data. The Vita Aristotelis of Diogenes Laertius,which is analyzed in Chapter III, poses many vexing problems, some of which are almostimpossible to resolve. Especially difficult to determine are the sources used by Diogenes Laertius.There can be little doubt, however, that this Vita, as we shall see in Chapter I, draws heavily on theVita of Hermippus. Chapter IV, again, presents a general survey and discussion of the Syriac andArabic Vitae Aristotelis without entering into a detailed analysis of each individual Vita. Thisparticular chapter is primarily an attempt to illustrate the peculiar biographical trend introduced (?)by the Neo-Platonic biographers and by Ptolemy (-el-Garib) in particular. Of necessity no less thanby design, the expository and analytical discussions of all these Vitae Aristotelis are at timesrepetitious in that certain statements found in one Vita are referred to or restated again and again.(...)The somewhat arbitrary selection of these biographical sources was made on the basis of thefollowing considerations: The lost Vita Aristotelis of Hermippus and the lost Vita Aristotelis ofPtolemy (-el-Garib), it is widely and probably correctly held, constitute what appear to be the twomain biographical trends. The Vita of Diogenes Laertius, in particular, to a fairly large extent,though not exclusively, relies on the Vita of Hermippus (as does the Vita Aristotelis of Hesychius)and, hence, at least in part, may be considered an 'epitome' or 'derivative' of the latter. The Syriacand Arabic Vitae, in turn, are primarily based on the Vita of Ptolemy (-el Garib) -- as are the VitaMarciana, the Vita Vulgata and the Vita Latina -- and, hence, may be called 'epitomes' or'derivatives' of Ptolemy's biography. The Vita Aristotelis of Dionysius of Halicarnassus, which islargely based on what appear to be independent investigations, seems to follow a course of inquiryall its own." (Introduction, pp. XIX-XX, notes omitted).

Desideri Paolo. Strabone e la cultura asiana. In Strabone e l'Asia Minore. Edited by Biraschi AnnaMaria and Salmeri Giovanni. Napoli: Edizioni Scientifiche Italiane 2000. pp. 25-44

15.

Dihle Albrecht, "Der Platoniker Ptolemaios," Hermes 85: 314-325 (1957).Reprinted in A. Dihle - Antike und Orient. Gesammelte Aufsätze - edited bt Viktor Pöschl undHubert Petersmann - Heidelberg,: C. Winter Universitätsverlag, 1984, pp. 9-20.

16.

Drossart Lulofs Henrik Joan. Neleus of Scepsis and the fate of the Library of the Peripatos. InTradition et traduction. Les textes philosophiques et scientifiques grecs au Moyen Age latin.Hommage à Fernand Bossier. Edited by Beyers Rita et al. Leuven: Leuven University Press 1999.pp. 9-24Text prepared for publication and completed after the death of author by A. M. I. van Oppenraay.

17.

Düring Ingemar, "Notes on the history of the transmission of Aristotle's writings," ActaUniversitatis Gotoburgensis: 37-70 (1950).Reprinted as second study in: Aristotle and his influence: two studies - New York Garland, 1987 (1.Hans Kurfess: Zur Geschichte der Erklärung der aristotelischen Lehre vom sog. Nous poietikos undpathetikos (1911) pp.1-61; 2. pp. 37-70).

18.

Düring Ingemar, "Ariston or Hermippus? A note on the Catalogue of Aristotle's writings, Diog. L.V 22.," Classica et Mediaevalia 17: 11-21 (1956)."The catalogue of Aristotle's writings preserved to us by Diogenes Laertius is a valuable document,supplementing our knowledge of Aristotle's literary production. Provided that we can solve theproblem of its origin, it will enable us to draw important conclusions as to the extent to which

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Aristotle's books were known during the centuries immediately following his death. In his book onthis and the other catalogues, preserved by Hesychius and Ptolemy-el-Garib, Moraux (1) has wellsummarized the results of earlier research, and his own contributions to the interpretation andclarification of details in these catalogues are very important. With his predecessors Littig andBaum-stark, however, he shares a tendency towards highly conjectural construction. Owing to theconditions under which the catalogues are handed down to us, they pose for us a series ofcomplicated problems. If we are going to draw any profit from the information they contain, wemust be careful not to transcend what is really knowable. These problems cannot be solved bysubstituting still more problematic reconstructions, however ingenious these may be.Moraux has advanced and vigorously defended the thesis that the catalogue preserved by Diogenesis a list of Aristotle's works in the library of the Peripatos, composed by Ariston of Ceos whosucceeded Lycon as head of the School, about 226/5 B.C. If this thesis can be proved, it will haveimportant consequences for the history of the Peripatos and Hellenistic philosophy in general, andMoraux has not shrunk from drawing such far-reaching conclusions. The object of this paper is toexamine Moraux's thesis and match it with the traditional opinion that this catalogue is an inventoryof Aristotle's books in the possession of the Alexandrian library." (pp. 11-12)

1) P. Moraux, Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d' Aristote, Louvain 1951. To the exhaustivebibliography can be added: O. Regenbogen s. v. Pinax, RE XX 2, 1950.

Düring Ingemar. Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell1957.Reprinted New York, Garland, 1987.

Contents: Preface 7; Part I. Editions of the Ancient Vitae Aristotelis. 1. Diogenes Laertius 13; 2.Hesychius 80; 3. Vita Marciana 94; 4. Vita vulgata 120; 5. Vita Lascaris 140, 6. Vita Latina 142, 7.Medieval Vitae Aristotelis 164; Part: II. The Syriac and Arabic tradition on Aristotle's life andwritings 183; Part III. Fragments of the ancient biographical tradition. I. Chronology of Aristotle'slife 249; II. Descent and family 263; III. Hermias of Atarneus 272; IV. Relationship with Philip andAlexander 284; V. Aristoteles and Isocrates 299; VI. Aristotle and Plato 315; VII. Aristotle's library337; VIII. Aristotle honoured by the Delphic Amphyctions 339; IX. Aristotle's dicta on leavingAthens 341; X. Aristotle's apology 343; XI. Aristotle's death 345; XII. Appearance and personalqualities 349; XIII. Some ancient verdicts 353; XIV. Indirect evidence from Aristotle's own writings366; XV. Early invectives against Aristotle 373; Comments on ch. XV 374; XVI. Characteristicsayings. Bon-mots. Anedoctes 396; XVII: The words peripatos, peripatein, peripatetikos 404;XVIII. The Roman edition of Aristotle's works 412; XIX. Exoterichoi logoi 426; XX. Theneoplatonic introductions to the study of Aristotle 444; Part IV. From Hermippus to Ptolemy. Abrief summary of results and conclusions 459; Index testimoniorum 479-490.

See Chapter VII. Aristotle's library 337-338, XV. Early invectives against Aristotle. § Apellicon382-384, Comments on Chapter XV. § Apellicon 392-395, XVIII. The Roman edition of Aristotle'sworks. Tyrannion 412; Andronicus 413; Comments 420-425.

"This book has a long history. It was begun as an investigation of the passages in which Plutarchspeaks of Aristotle. Detached from their context some of these passages lent themselves to differentinterpretations and I found too that they were used as evidence for quite different opinions. It soonbecame apparent that the scattered fragments of the biographical tradition could not be fullyunderstood and properly interpreted unless on the basis of an examination of all the material. Theaim of this book is to present this material and the result of my examination of it and to trace thedevelopment of the biographical tradition concerning Aristotle's life and writings.Part I contains critical editions of all ancient Vitae Aristotelis, based on fresh collations of all

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manuscripts known to me. To the very last I hoped to find another manuscript of the Vita Marciana,now preserved only in Marcianus 257, which is today almost indecipherable, but my hope failed.The editions of the Vitae pose problems which I have set forth in the introductions. To each text Ihave added testimonia, a running commentary, and a short chapter with a general evaluation. In thispart of the book I have also included a brief survey of some of the late medieval Vitae.Part II contains a survey of the Syriac and Arabic tradition. My chief object has been to presentreadable translations of the most important Vitae Aristotelis and to discuss the problems raised bythese texts. This material has been hard to deal with for a non-orientalist, and it would have beenimpossible for me to give an account of it, had I not received kind and generous assistance from myorientalist colleagues, Professors Oscar Löfgren and Bernhard Lewin, Göteborg University, and Dr.Richard Walzer, Oxford University. I wish to emphasize, however, that I am alone responsible forall shortcomings in this chapter.Part III contains about four hundred passages from ancient and medieval writers, selected from alarge collection of excerpts and arranged according to subject-matter. I have experimented withseveral types of arrangement and finally decided upon the one chosen here. This arrangement of thematerial inevitably leads to certain repetitions for which I ask the reader's indulgence. I hope thatthe frequent cross-references and the Index testimoniorum will help the reader to find what hewants to find.In most cases each passage or cluster of passages is provided with a commentary. In my commentsand interpretations I have followed the simple method applied in every critical treatment of sourcesand authorities. Each statement has first been examined separately, with due consideration given totextual problems, language, context, mode of transmission, the writer's personality (if known), timeand tendency, and so forth. It has then been compared with related texts and further analysed andinterpreted with the ultimate aim of finding out as much as possible about trends and tendency inthat branch of the biographical tradition to which the passage belongs. Certain facts recorded in thebiographical tradition are of such a nature that we can never prove whether they are true or not. Butwe may advance a step nearer the truth if we can prove that the author (or his source) is biassed andfind out something about his prejudices or tendency. In most cases it is possible to evince that hefollows a certain tradition whose general character we are able to determine. However, everybodyfamiliar with the ancient biographical tradition knows that the material is fragile and often open todifferent interpretations. I have honestly tried to make a clear distinction between facts andhypotheses and left many questions open with a non liquet. But I am fully aware how complicatedand difficult the problems are and how evasive the truth is. The reader will find that my conclusionsare often qualified by an additional "probably" or subject to other reservations.It is my hope that the editions of the Vitae Aristotelis together with the large collection of testimoniawill prove useful as a source book for the purpose of reference, quite irrespective of the appendedcomments.Part IV contains a brief outline of the development of the biographical tradition from Hermippus toPtolemy-el-Garib.I have of course had a great mass of material to draw upon in the works of the many scholars whohave written on the life of Aristotle: Brandis, Stahr, Blakesley, Zeller, Bywater, Shute, Busse,Baumstark, Praechter, Jaeger, Mulvany, Wormell, Hubbell, Moraux, and many others cited orreferred to in my notes and comments. My separate debts to predecessors I have tried toacknowledge in all cases where they were contracted; I may sometimes have put down, fromignorance or forgetfulness, as my own, what ought to have been credited to another. Let me say,however, that without the diligent and careful work done by generations of scholars towardsclarifying obscure passages and hidden rapports in the biographical tradition, this presentation and,if I may be allowed to say so, this tidying-up of the entire material, could not have been achieved."(from the Preface, pp. 7-9)

Düring Ingemar. Aristoteles. Darstellung und Interpretation seines Denkens. Heidelberg: Winter21.


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1966.Translated in Italian by Pierluigi Donini as: Aristotele Milano, Mursia, 1976

Düring Ingemar. Aristoteles. In Paulys Realencyclopädie der Classischen Altertumswissenschaft.Suppl. XI. München: Druckenmüller 1968. pp. 159-336

22.

Düring Ingemar. Ptolemy's Vita Aristotelis rediscovered. In Philomathes. Studies and essays in thehumanities in memory of Philip Merlan. Edited by Palmer Robert B. and Hamerton-Kelly Robert.La Haye: Nijhoff 1971. pp. 264-269

23.

Earl Donald. Prologue-form in ancient historiography. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischenWelt, vol. I. 2. Edited by Haase Wolfgang and Temporini Hildegard. Berlin: de Gruyter 1972. pp.842-856

24.

Georgi Dieter. Die Aristoteles- und Theophrastusausgabe des Andronikos von Rhodos. Ein Beitragzur Kanonsproblematik. In Konsequente Traditionsgeschichte. Festschrift für Klaus Baltzer zum 65.Geburstag. Edited by Rüdiger Bartelmus, Krüger Thomas, and Utzschneider Helmut. Göttingen:Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1993. pp. 45-78

25.

Gigon Olof, "Interpretationen zu den Antiken Aristoteles-Viten," Museum Helveticum 15: 147-193(1958).

26.

Gottschalk Hans B., "Notes on the wills of the Peripatetic scholarchs," Hermes 100: 314-342(1972).

27.

Gottschalk Hans B. Aristotelian philosophy in the Roman world from the time of Cicero to the endof the Second century AD. In Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt, vol. 36: Philosophie,Wissenschaften, Technik. II. Teilband: Philosophie (Platonismus, [Forts.]; Aristotelismus). Editedby Haase Wolfgang. Berlin: de Gruyter 1987. pp. 1079-1174Revised reprint in: R. Sorabji (ed.) - Aristotle transformed. The Ancient Commentators and theirInfluence (London, Duckworth, 1990), pp. 55-81.

28.

Grayeff Felix. Aristotle and his School. An inquiry into the history of the Peripatos. With acommentary on Metaphysics Zeta, Eta, Lambda and Theta. London: Duckworth 974.Contents: Preface 7; List of abbreviations 8; Introduction 9; Part One. 1. Life of Aristotle 13; 2. ThePeripatos after Aristotle's death 49; 3. The emergence of new philosophical Schools during theFourth and Third centuries B.C. 57; 4. The Library of the Peripatos and its history 69; Part Two. 5.The structure of Metaphysics Zeta 89; 6. Peripatetic ontology according to Metaphysics Eta 127; 7.Peripatetic ontology according to Metaphysics Lambda 143; 8. A volume on potentiality andactuality: Metaphysics Theta 187; Select bibliography 213; Index of passages quoted in text 219;General index 225-230

29.

Grayeff Felix, "The problem of the genesis of Aristotle's text," Phronesis 1: 105-122 (1956)."Strabo and Plutarch tell us that Aristotle's writings disappeared for at least 150 years and were thenfirst published in Rome in the second half of the first century B.C.E. by Andronicus of Rhodes,about 275 years after Aristotle's death. There are several facets of this story that conflict with whatwe know from other sources. In particular, there is much testimony of the influence of Peripateticteaching in the period when the manuscripts were supposed to have been lost. Grayeff, therefore,suggests that Andronicus may have claimed to have the sole genuinely Aristotelian manuscript. Thequestion is raised of what could have happened to Aristotle's writings once they were completedand deposited in the Peripatos. Grayeff floats the hypothesis that the Corpus Aristotelicum is the

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result of many additions and corrections made by various Aristotelians; that it is in fact a CorpusPeripateticum. To support this suggestion, he analyses passages from a variety of works."

Gutas Dimitri. The spurious and the authentic in the Arabic Lives of Aristotle. In Pseudo-Aristotlein the Middle Ages: the Theology and other texts. Edited by Ryan William Francis, Kraye Jill, andSchmitt Charles Bernard. London: Warburg Institute. University of London 1986. pp. 15-36Reprinted as Chapter VI in D. Gutas - Greek philosophers in the Arabic tradition - Aldershot,Ashgate, 2000.

"The study of the Arabic lives of Aristotle is an old and tired subject; it can fairly lay claim to thedistinction of being the first area of sustained scholarly concentration in Graeco-Arabic studies. Iwould not undertake an extensive treatment anew in a volume on Pseudo-Aristotle were it not forthe fact that, despite considerable discussion for more than a century now, much light can still beshed on the scope and nature of this material from the vantage point of an examination of thespurious and the authentic in it, and for the rather ironic state of affairs that the secondary literaturehas itself generated its own share of the spurious. A review of the whole subject, then, that wouldlist in detail the sources and remark on the ways of analysing them, remove the incrustations ofoutdated or misguided scholarship, and put the tasks of future research in perspective would seemto be in order.For the purposes of the present discussion, all the Arabic biographical material on Aristotle can beconveniently categorized under the following six headings:

1) Reports in Arabic biographies of scholars;2) Information in Arabic histories and chronographies, in so far as it does not derive from No. 1;3) The story of young Aristotle, the precocious orphan, in Hunayn's Nawâdir al-falasifa('Anecdotes of the Philosophers');4) The story of Aristotle's death in The Book of the Apple;5) Various scattered reports, the Aristotelian adespota;6) The voluminous material on Aristotle in his relation with Alexander: anecdotes, stories,correspondence, the 'legend' of Aristotle.

In this paper I shall concentrate mainly on No. 1, deal very briefly with Nos. 2 to 5, and omitaltogether No. 6 which, in addition to being biographical only peripherally, clearly requires avolume -- if not volumes -- of its own."

31.

Hecquet-Devienne Myriam, "A legacy from the Library of the Lyceum? Inquiry into the jointtransmission of Theophrastus' and Aristotle's Metaphysics based on evidence provided bymanuscripts E and J," Harvard Studies in Classical Philology 102: 171-189 (2004)."A scholium in Paris, BNF, gr. 1853, fol. 312r, provides evidence for the tradition of the Aristoteliancorpus. The scholium reveals that Theophrastus' Metaphysics was not on early lists ofTheophrastus' works. It also reveals that Nicolaus of Damascus in his study of Aristotle'sMetaphysics (*) identified the author of the work as Theophrastus. The transmission ofTheophrastus' Metaphysics is thus closely linked to that of the Aristotelian corpus. Conclusions are:that both Book L of Aristotle's Metaphysics and Theophrastus' Metaphysics were written before thecentral books of Aristotle's treatise as it is known to us; and that Theophrastus' Metaphysics couldhave provoked, in response, Aristotle' writing of De partibus animalium and De generationeanimalium."

(*) Nicolaus Damascenus on the philosophy of Aristotle - Edited by H. J. Drossart Lulofs - Leiden,Brill, 1965 (reprint with additions and corrections 1969)

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Hein Christel. Definition und Einteilung der Philosophie. Von der spätantiken Einleitungsliteraturzur arabischen Enzyklopädie. New York: Peter Lang 1985.Inhaltsverzeichnis: Einleitung 1; 1. Einleitungen in dir Gesamtphilosophie 34; 2. Einletungen in diePhilosophie des Aristoteles 238; 3. Schriftenverzeichnisse zu Aristoteles (Pinakes) 388; Anhang zuTeil 3: Ms. Ayasofia 4833 fol. 10b-11a, 14b-18a 415; Zusammenfassung 440; Siglen 445;Abkuzungen 446; Literatuvzeichnis 447-482.

33.

Hoffmann Philippe. La problématique du titre des tratés d'Aristote selon les commentateurs grecs.Quelques exemples. In Titres et articulations du texte dans les oeuvres antiques. Actes du ColloqueInternational de Chantilly 13-15 décembre 1994. Edited by Fredouille Jean-Claude et al. Paris:Institut d'Études Augustiniennes 1997. pp. 75-103

34.

Huby Pamela M., "The transmission of Aristotle's writings and the places where copies of hisworks existed," Classica et Mediaevalia 30: 241-257 (1969).

35.

Irigoin Jean. Les éditions de textes. In La philologie grecque à l'époque hellénistique et romaine.Sept exposés suivis de discussions. Edited by Montanari Franco. Genève: Fondation Hardt 1994. pp.39-82

36.

Keaney John J., "Two notes on the tradition of Aristotle's writings," American Journal of Philology84: 52-63 (1963)."In recent years, scholars have taken up anew the problem of the knowledge of Aristotle's works,most particularly his school treatises, in the period from Theophrastus to Andronicus, and thequestion of the sources of the catalogues of Aristotle's writings, especially of that preserved byDiogenes Laertius (V, 22-7). The names of Paul Moraux and Ingemar Düring have been prominentin this activity.(1) In the present paper, I propose to deal with two of the many points raised by thesescholars." p. 52

(1) P. Moraux, Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d'Aristote (Louvain, 1951); I. Düring, "Notes onthe history of the transmission of Aristotle's writings," Goteborgs Hogskolas Araskrift, LVI (1950),pp. 35-70.

37.

Kurfess Hans and Düring Ingemar. Aristotle and his influence. Two studies. New York: Garland1987.Contents: Hans Kurfess: Zur Geschichte der Erklarung der aristotelischen Lehre vom sog. NousPoietikos und Pathetikos (original edition: Tubingen : Schnurlen, 1911); Ingemar Düring: Notes onthe history of the transmission of Aristotles writings (original edition: Acta UniversitatisGotoburgensis, 56, 1950, pp. 3-70)

38.

Lindsay Hugh, "Strabo on Apellicon's Library," Rheinische Museum 140: 290-298 (1997).39.

Littig Friedrich. Andronikos von Rodhos: I. Das Leben des Andronikos und seine Anordnung derAristotelischen Schriften. München: Buchdruckerei von F. Straub 1890.Inhalt: Das Leben des Andronikos 1; Die Andronikosausgabe der aristotelischen Schriften 8;Anhang I: Das Verzeichnis der aristotelischen Schriften nach Ptolemäos Chennos 37; Anhang II:Die Disposition der aristotelischen Schriften nach den griechischen Erklärern des V. Jahrhunderts43-58.Vol. II: Erlangen, 1894; Vol. III. ERlangen 1895.

40.

Lord Carnes, "On the Early History of the Aristotelian Corpus," American Journal of Philology107: 137-161 (1986).

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"The manner in which the collection of Aristotelian writings now extant was originally constitutedremains very much a mystery. The curious and in many respects implausible story of thedisappearance and subsequent recovery of the library of Theophrastus is the best known element inthis puzzle. But the most detailed evidence concerning the early condition of the Aristotelian corpusis that provided by three lists of books ascribed to Aristotle which have been preserved in ancientbiographies of him. These catalogues are the chief source of external evidence touching on both thecondition of Aristotle's writings in the period immediately following his death and the alterationsthey appear to have undergone in the edition of Aristotelian works prepared by Andronicus ofRhodes in the first century B.C. Because of the many problematic features of the catalogues, theirevidence has often been ignored or dismissed, or used only in selective and unsystematic fashion.The extensive studies devoted to the catalogues in recent years by Paul Moraux and IngemarDuring have rectified this situation to some degree, and have secured general agreement as to theirauthority and importance.(1) At the same time, however, the problem of the catalogues, and of theearly history of the Aristotelian corpus as a whole, can hardly be said to have been satisfactorilyresolved. Disagreements persist over such questions as the identity of the original source of theearliest catalogues and the circumstances and precise nature of Andronicus' editorial activity.Moreover, even when liberal recourse is had to textual emendation, no fully convincing account hasyet been given of the exact relationship of the three catalogues to one another, to the edition ofAndronicus, and to the corpus as presently constituted.(2) In the state of our knowledge, manyuncertainties must remain concerning matters such as the status of book titles and the meaning ofthe numbering of books of larger treatises. Still, it has to be acknowledged that much information inthe lists appears to be transmitted with great fidelity, and under these circumstances it seemslegitimate to wonder whether there are not alternative hypotheses concerning the catalogues whichremain to be explored.In what follows, an attempt will be made to establish the plausibility of such a hypothesis and toexamine some of its implications with respect to the composition and early history of Aristotle'swritings." (pp. 137-138).

(1) Paul Moraux, Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d'Aristote (Louvain 1951); Ingemar During,Aristotle in the Ancient Biographical Tradition (Goteborg 1957); During, art. "Aristoteles," RESuppl. XI (1968) cols. 184-90.(2) Consider the negative judgment on Moraux' undertaking expressed by R. Stark,Aristotelesstudien (Munich 1972) 160-64.

Lynch John Patrick. Aristotle's School. A study of a Greek educational institution. Berkeley:University of California Press 1972.See Chapter V. The Athenian Peripatos and its decline among the successors of Aristotle andTheophrastus, in particular pp. 146-154

42.

Masellis Vito, "Tradizione e cataloghi delle opere aristoteliche," Rivista di Filologia e di IstruzioneClassica 34: 337-363 (1956).

43.

Menn Stephen, "The editors of the Metaphysics," Phronesis.A Journal for Ancient Philosophy 40:202-208 (1995).

44.

Moraux Paul, "Une nouvelle trace de l'Aristote perdu," Études Classiques 16: 89-91 (1948).45.

Moraux Paul, "L'exposé de la philosophie d'Aristote chez Diogène Laërce (V, 28-34)," RevuePhilosophique de Louvain 47: 5-43 (1949).

46.

Moraux Paul. Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d'Aristote. Louvain: Éditions universitaires de47.


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Louvain 1951.Table des matières: Préface par Augustin Mansion V; Avant-propos IX--X; Chapitre I. Problèmes etméthodes 1.Le sort des ouvrages scolaires d'Aristote avant l'époque des commentateurs, 1.Utilisation des listes anciennes comme moyen d'information sur le sort des ouvrages d'Aristote 6;Difficultés rencontrées dans l'identification des ouvrages catalogués 8; Recherche du principed'ordre appliqué dans les listes 11; Enquète sur l'origine et la destination des listes 13.Chapitre II.Le Catalogue conservé par Diogene Laërce 15. § 1. État de la question 15; § 2. Texte du catalogue21; § 3. Contenu du catalogue 27. Dialogues, exhortations, études platoniciennes 27; Logique, 44;Politique 95; Rhétorique et poètique 96; Physique 104; Mathématique 111; Problèmes et ouvrageshypomnèmatiques 114; Collections 122; Lettres 133 Poèmes, 144. § 4. Ordonnance du catalogue145. Le catalogue et la division néoplatonicienne du corpus aristotélicien 145; Ouvragesparticuliers, ouvrages intermèdiaires, ouvrages généraux, 150; Écrits hypomnématiques et ouvragessyntagmatiques 153; Dialogues et traités 167; Logique, pratique, poétique et théorie 177; Ouvragesthéorétiques, 184; § 5. Accidents survenus au cours de la transmission du catalogue 186.ChapitreIII. Le catalogue anonyme 195. § 1. Contenu du catalogue 195; § 2. Ordonnance du catalogue 204;§ 3. Rapports entre le catalogue anonyme et celui de Diogène 206.Chapitre IV. La source deDiogène et de l'Anonyme 211. § 1.État de la question 211; § 2. Multiplicité des sourcespinacographiques de Diogène 216; § 3. L'attribution à Hermippe 221; § 4. L'attribution àAndronicus 233; § 5. L'origine du catalogue 237;Chapitre V. L'appendice du catalogue anonyme249. § 1. Contenu de l'appendice 250; La première partie 250; Les pseudépigraphes 265; § 2.Ordonnance de l'appendice 267; § 3. Origine de l'appendice 271; Multiplicité des sources 271;Rapports avec le catalogue 272; Age des différents tronçons 277; Rattachement de l'appendice à laliste anonyme 284.Chapitre VI. La catalogue de Ptolémée 289. § 1. L'auteur du catalogue 289; § 2.Contenu du catalogue 294; § 3. Ordonnance du catalogue 299; § 4. Modèles et sources de Ptolémée306; Chapitre VII. Premières conclusions sur le sort des ouvrages scolaires d'Aristote 311; Lestraités connus à Athènes vers 200 avant J.-C. 312; Le cas de la Métaphysique 314; Appartenance decertains traités omis par Ariston à la dernière période de l'activité d 'Aristote 315; Les catalogues,témoins du groupement progressif d'études apparentés, mais primitivement indépendantes,320.Appendice. Notes sur la chronologie de quelques ouvrages d'Aristote 323;Bibliographie347;Index 361; I. Aristote, ouvrages conservés 361; II. Aristote, ouvrages perdus et titres 368; III.Commentateurs d'Aristote 371; IV. Autres auteurs 374; V. Noms et matières 376; Errata et Addenda385; Tables des matières 389-391.

Moraux Paul. L'évolution d'Aristote. In Aristote et Saint Thomas d'Aquin. Journées d'étudesinternationales. Paris: Béatrice-Nauwelaerts 1957. pp. 9-41

48.

Moraux Paul. From the Protrepticus to the dialogue On Justice. In Aristotle and Plato in theMid-Fourth century. Edited by Düring Ingemar and Owen Gwilym Ellis Lane. Göteborg: StudiaGraeca et Latina Gothoburgensia 1960. pp. 113-132

49.

Moraux Paul. Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen, Von Andronikos bis Alexander von Aphrodisias.Berlin: Walter de Gruyter 1973.Vol. I: Die Renaissance des Aristotelismus im I. Jh.v. Chr. (1973)Vol. II: Der Aristotelismus im I. und II. Jh.n. Chr. (1984)Vol. III: Alexander von Aphrodisias (2001) - Edited by Jürgen Wiesner, with a chapter on Ethics byRobert W. Sharples

The first two volumes are translated in Italian as: L'Aristotelismo presso I Greci.Vol. I: La rinascita dell'Aristotelismo nel I secolo a. C.; vol. II/1: Gli Aristotelici nei secoli I e IId.C.; vol. II/2: L'Aristotelismo nei non-Aristotelici nei secoli I e II d.C. - Milano, Vita e pensiero,2000.

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"This is the first volume of a work which will comprise three. In that work Moraux proposes tostudy the history of the Aristotelian tradition from Andronicus of Rhodes (first cent. B.C.) toAlexander of Aphrodisias (latter part of the second cent. A.D.). The book under review covers thefirst cent. B.C. It contains five parts: The first is devoted to the fate of Aristotle's scholarly treatisesup to and including Andronicus' edition and catalogue. The second deals with the earliestAristotelian commentators, Andronicus himself, the Peripatetic Boethus of Sidon, and Ariston ofAlexandria. The third is concerned with Xenarchus of Seleuceia, a Peripatetic who criticized someof Aristotle's central doctrines. The fourth discusses Staseas of Naples and Cratippus of Pergarnum,two authors Moraux characterizes as offshoots of Hellenistic Aristotelianism. The fifth and finalpart is devoted to complete expositions and summaries of Aristotelian and/or Peripateticphilosophy. The two authors discussed are Arius Didymus and Nicolaus of Damascus. The mainpurpose of Moraux's work is to investigate that part of the Aristotelian tradition whose mainconcern was the study and interpretation of Aristotle's works and doctrines, especially of hisscholarly treatises. Therefore, his decision to include both authors who perhaps cannot be regardedas "orthodox" Peripatetics, e.g. Xenarchus, and Stoics such as Arius Didymus seems to bejustified." (from tthe article-review by Leonardo Tarán - Aristotelianism in the First century B.C. -Gnomon, 1981, 53, pp. 721-750)

Moraux Paul. Les débuts de la philologie aristotélicienne. In Storiografia e dossografia nellafilosofia antica. Edited by Cambiano Giuseppe. Torino: Tirrenia 1986. pp. 127-147"Il est temps de résumer rapidement nos observations. Bien avant la renaissance des étudesaristotéliciennes au premier siècle avant J.-C., plusieurs savants se sont efforcés, en partie avec unsuccès indéniable, de préciser la chronologie de la vie d'Aristote et de laver le philosophe descalomnies dont l'avaient accablé ses détracteurs. - Il est possible, mais non certain, que la plusancienne liste conservée des ouvrages d'Aristote ait été élaborée par un savant alexandrin; si tel estbien le cas, celui-ci devait se fonder en partie sur un classement, d'origine péripatéticienne, desécrits du philosophe. - L'édition et les pinakes d'Andronicus de Rhodes marquent un tournant dansl'étude de l'aristotélisme. - Avec Andronicus commence l'époque des commentaires; ceux-ci ne sontpas, en tant que tels, des créations ex nihilo; ils ont comme modèles lointains les commentaires àdivers auteurs, dont Homère, conçus et réalisés par les grands philologues alexandrins. - Lesméthodes proprement philologiques, également créées par l'érudition alexandrine, ont étéappliquées par les commentateurs au texte d'Aristote. Dès avant Alexandre d'Aphrodise, ceux-cipratiquaient ce que nous appelons aujourd'hui la critique des textes; ils mentionnaient etinterprétaient les leçons de plusieurs manuscrits; le cas échéant, ils s'efforçaient d'améliorer, par desconjectures diverses, un énoncé qu'ils trouvaient fautif ou peu satisfaisant. - Enfin, la critique ditesupérieure a laissé des traces assez nombreuses dans l'oeuvre des commentateurs. Nous apprenonsainsi que l'authenticité de plusieurs livres avait été contestée, surtout en raison de prétenduesdivergences doctrinales avec l'aristotélisme authentique. L'hypothèse a aussi été avancée que tellivre ne serait pas à sa place là où nous le trouvons, qu'il n'aurait pas été terminé par Aristote ounous serait arrivé incomplet. Dans leur ensemble, les commentateurs que nous lisons se montrenttrès conservateurs et rejettent unanimement ces vues souvent hypercritiques. Parfois, ils se fondentsur des points de doctrine assez précis pour montrer qu'une athétèse était sans fondement. Il leurarrive aussi, à l'occasion, d'exploiter les renvois d'un livre à un autre. Mais la plupart du temps, ilsse contentent de constatations générales assez subjectives et dépourvues de preuves concrètes: lateneur d'un livre et son style en montreraient bien l'origine aristotélicienne. Sans aucun doute,l'oeuvre d'Aristote leur était familière, et leur intuition ne les trompait pas. Il n'empêche que nousaurions aimé qu'ils nous fournissent plus de précisions sur ce que, par exemple, ils tenaient pourcaractéristique du style aristotélicien. A cet égard, nous restons sur notre faim, et c'est assezdommage." (pp. 143-144)

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Moraux Paul, "Diogène Laërce et le Peripatos," Elenchos.Rivista di Studi sul Pensiero Antico 7:245-294 (1986).

52.

Moreau Joseph. Aristote et son école. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France 1962.53.

Pfeiffer Rudolf. History of classical scholarship. I. From the beginnings to the end of theHellenistic age. Oxford: Clarendon Press 1968.

54.

Plezia Marian. De Andronici Rhodii studii aristotelicis. Krakow: Polska Akademia 1946.55.

Plezia Marian. De Hermippi Vita Aristotelis. In Charisteria Thaddaeo Sinko quinquaginta abhincannos amplissimis in philosophia honoribus ornato ab amicis collegis discipulis oblata. Edited byKumaniecki Kazimierz. Warszawa: Polskie Towarzystwo Filologiczne 1951. pp. 271-287

56.

Plezia Marian, "Supplementary remarks on Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition,"Eos.Commentarii Societatis Philologue Polonorum 51: 241-249 (1961)."Ingemar Düring's excellent book Aristotle in the ancient biographical tradition (Goteborg 1957)represents an important step forward in the development of research on Aristotle, in so far itmanages to present an almost complete collection of biographical material available to us andrelating to the philosopher of Stagira, not only in the form of his proper biographies in Greek, Latin,Syrian and Arabic, but also in the shape of a rich collection of loose references to him (some takenfrom valuable sources) which can be found scattered in the whole of the ancient and parts ofmedieval literature. At the end of the book the author makes an attempt to draw some conclusions,of a broadest nature, from the collected texts, which are all very clearly annotated.However, like all human works, Düring's valuable book shows some shortcomings and defects,which are unavoidable at such first attempts; we thought it therefore both necessary and useful topresent here a handful of supplementary remarks, based on our research on the same subject,carried out between the years 1943 to 1957, in the belief, that they may prove useful to thoseinterested in Aristotle's biography and how it took shape in the course of centuries. Our remarks aredivided, in conformity with the way During handles his material, into three parts: (a) those dealingwith full biographies of the philosopher of Stagira; (b) those dealing with loose references to him,contained in sources pertaining to various epochs; and finally (c) certain amendments relating to thequestion of how the ancient tradition about Aristotle has developed." p. 241

57.

Plezia Marian, "De Ptolemaeo pinacographo," Eos.Commentarii Societatis Philologue Polonorum63: 37-42 (1975).

58.

Plezia Marian, "De Aristotelis biographis," Meander 36: 481-493 (1981).59.

Plezia Marian. De Ptolemaei vita Aristotelis. In Aristoteles. Werk und wirkung: Paul MorauxGewidmet. Erster Band: Aristoteles und seine Schule. Edited by Wiesner Jürgen. Berlin: de Gruyter1985. pp. 1-11

60.

Plezia Marian, "Encore sur la Vie d'Aristote de Ptolemée," Études Classiques 54: 383-385 (1986).61.

Reiner Hans, "Die Entstehung und usprüngliche Bedeutung des Names Metaphysik," Zeitschrift fürphilosophische Forschung 8: 210-237 (1954).Reprinted in: Fritz-Peter Hager (ed.) - Metaphysik und Theologie des Aristoteles - Darmstadt,Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft, 1969 pp. 139-174; translated as: The Emergence and OriginalMeaning of the Name "Metaphysics" in: Graduate Faculty Philosophy Journal 13, 2, 1990 pp.23-53

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Reiner Hans, "Die Entstehung der Lehre vom Bibliothekarischen Ursprung Names Metaphysik,"Zeitschrift für philosophische Forschung 9 (1955).

63.

Richardson Nicholas J. Aristotle and Hellenistic scholarship. In La philologie grecque à l'époquehellénistique et romaine. Sept exposés suivis de discussions. Edited by Montanari Franco. Genève:Fondation Hardt 1994. pp. 7-28

64.

Rist John M., "Demetrius the Stylist and Artemon the Compiler," Phoenix 18: 2-8 (1964).65.

Schubert Paul, "Strabon et le sort de la bibliothèque d'Aristote," Études Classiques 70: 225-237(2002).

66.

Sharples Robert W. The Peripatetic School. In Routledge History of Philosophy. Volume II: FromAristotle to Augustine. Edited by Furley David. New York: Routledge 1999. pp. 147-187

67.

Sharples Robert W. Aristotle's exoteric and esoteric works: summaries and commentaries. In Greekand Roman philosophy 100 BC - 200 AD. Vol. II. Edited by Sharples Robert W. and SorabjiRichard. London: Institute of Classical Studies 2007. pp. 505-512

68.

Shute Richard. On the history of the process by which the Aristotelian writings arrived at theirpresent form.1888.Reprint: New York, Arno Press, 1976.Table of Contents: I. The problem 1; II. From Aristotle to the time of Cicero and the LatinRenaissance 19; III. Cicero and the Latin Renaissance 46; IV. From Cicero to AlexanderAphrodisiensis 66; V. Of titles and references 96; VI. Of repetitions and second and third texts,illustrated especially from the Physics, Metaphysics, and De anima 117, VII. Of the Nichomacheanethics 141; VIII. The Politics and evidence from the avoidance of hiatus 164; General summary176; Index of references 183."General Summary.I have in this essay attempted to prove, first, that of the great bulk of the Aristotelian works as wenow have them, there was no kind of publication during the lifetime of the master, nor probably fora considerable period after his death. Secondly, that as to this portion of the Aristotelian whole, wecannot assert with certainty that we have ever got throughout a treatise in the exact words ofAristotle, though we may be pretty clear that we have a fair representation of his thought. The unityof style observable may belong quite as well to the school and the method as to the individual. Wehave certainly got a most precious Aristotelian literature ; we have not certainly got Aristotle in thestrongest and most literal sense. Thirdly, I have tried to prove that the works which are preserved tous come chiefly, if not entirely, from the tradition of Andronicus, and stand in no very definiterelation to the list of Diogenes, and consequently we have a very considerable proportion, and not amerely insignificant fraction of the reputed works of Aristotle known to Latin antiquity. Fourthly, Ihave laid down that the majority of the titles, and probably all the definite references, arepost-Aristotelian, and that therefore no safe argument can be drawn from the latter as to theauthenticity or original order of the Aristotelian works, though other very valuable inferences as tothe subsequent history of these works result from their careful consideration. Fifthly, I haveattempted to trace the double texts and repeated passages each to several original sources, and notto a single point of origin. I have applied the doctrines arrived at to the consideration of thoseAristotelian treatises which have given rise to most controversy, and seem to myself to have foundsome solutions at least, through the method I have followed. Incidentally I have been led toinvestigate the question of another class of works which bear Aristotle's name, of which we can saywith certainty that the portions which we have of them are precisely as the final author wrote them;

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but cannot with equal certainty assert that that author was Aristotle. We can safely assume,however, that these works, and works like these, were those best known to our earliest authoritieson the subject, Cicero and his predecessors, and that on them all the praise of Aristotle's style isfounded.If there be any value in these conclusions, the practical lesson to be drawn from them will be, thatthe present duty of scholarship is to determine as far as possible the course of the Aristotelianargument, by bracketing superfluous and repeated passages. In some cases there will be internal orexternal evidence for bracketing the one of two passages rather than the other. In other cases, and Ibelieve they will be the majority, there will be no trustworthy evidence which shall lead us to rejectone of such passages more than the other. We shall not follow such assumptions as that of Torstrikin the De Anima, that the former of two like passages is always the preferable; nor shall we rashlyassume that the one is more strictly Aristotelian than the other. When we have pointed out suchreduplications to the student we shall leave him to choose which of them he prefers, showing himonly that both cannot be wanted in the text. If we bracket at all, it will not be that we assert the onepassage rather than the other to be spurious (except in those rare cases where we have definiteproof). It will merely be in order that he may see what is the general line and connection of theargument. We shall be cautious in many cases in assuming even reduplication ; for an author orlecturer may deliberately repeat himself. But this caution will not be necessary in the case ofrepeated and almost identical passages which follow immediately after each other.In a word, we shall try to get as near as we can to the earliest form of the teachings of the master,but shall not vainly and pedantically hope to restore his actual words; nor shall we rashly reject thisor that passage or phrase as being clearly un-Aristotelian, since we shall know well that theAristotle we have can in no case be freed from the suspicion (or rather almost certainty) of filtrationthrough other minds, and expression through other voices. Criticism of Aristotle must in truthalways be of thought rather than of phrase, of sentence rather than of word." pp. 176-177.

Stahr Adolf Wilhelm Theodor. Aristotelia. Halle: 1830.Two volumes: I. Das Leben de Aristoteles von Stagira (1830); II. Ueber die verlornen Briefe desAristoteles (1832).Inhalts des Zweiten Theils: I. Beiträger zur Geschichte der Aristotelischen Schriften. I. DieSchicksale der Aristotelischen Schriften von Aristoteles bis auf Andronikos von Rhodos 3; II. Dievorhandenen angeblichen Briefe des Aristoteles 169; III. Ueber der Unterschied exoterischer undesoterischer Schriften des Aristoteles 237-297

70.

Steinschneider Moritz, "Al-Farabi (Alpharabius). Des Arabischen Philosophen Leben undSchriften," Mèmoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St.Pétersbourg.VII Série 8 (1869).Mit besonderer Rücksicht auf die Geschichte der griechischen Wissenschaft unter den Arabern,nebst Anhängen Joh. Philoponus bei den Arabern, Leben und Testament des Aristoteles vonPtolemaeus, darstellung der Philosophie Plato's, Grösstentheils nach handschriftlichen Quellen.Reprinted Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1966.

71.

Tanner R.Godfrey. Aristotle's works: the possible origins of the Alexandria collection. In TheLibrary of Alexandria. Centre of learning in the ancient world. Edited by MacLeod Roy. London: I.B. Tauris 2009. pp. 79-91"Some of the most puzzling issues surrounding the Alexandria Library involve the source andcontent of the Library's holdings of Aristotle's works. The history of these works bears a close andintriguing relationship to the history of the library. The argument of this paper is that there are twosources for the transmission of Aristotle's work from the ancient to modern world. The first - whatwe may call the traditional view - holds that Aristotle's corpus was inherited entirely byTheophrastus, and subsequently buried, sold, and edited in Rome. Thence, in Roman times, copiesmade their way to the library. The second, the more controversial, but possibly more interesting

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view, argues that there is a ,collection of Aristotle's works which was derived from the worksprepared at Mieza for the education of Alexander; and that these were either given by Alexander toAlexandria, or were subsequently stolen for the library by Ptolemy Soter.These two, parallel accounts, present us with Aristotle's thought at two different stages in itschronological development. One phase we can describe as the 'educational stage', dealing withworks intended for the education of Alexander, and embracing Aristotle's four so-called'non-scientific' works on poetry, ethics, politics and rhetoric; the other can be described in terms ofAristotle's larger philosophical corpus." p. 79

Tarán Leonardo, "Aristotelianism in the First century B.C.," Gnomon 53: 721-750 (1981).Review-article of Paul Moraux - Der Aristotelismus bei den Griechen, Von Andronikos bisAlexander von Aphrodisias. Vol. I: Die Renaissance des Aristotelismus im I. Jh.v. Chr. (1973).Reprinted in: L. Tarán - Collected papers (1962-1999) - Leiden, Brill, 2001 pp. 479-524.

73.

Verbeke Gerard, "[Compte rendu de] Les listes anciennes des ouvrages d'Aristote," RevuePhilosophique de Louvain 50: 90-112 (1952).Review of the book with the same title by P. Moraux

74.

Verbeke Gerard. Plutarch and the development of Aristotle. In Aristotle and Plato in theMid-Fourth century. Edited by Düring Ingemar and Owen Gwilym Ellis Lane. Göteborg: StudiaGraeca et Latina Gothoburgensia 1960. pp. 236-247

75.

Verdenius Willen Jacob. The nature of Aristotle's scholarly writings. In Aristoteles. Werk undwirkung: Paul Moraux Gewidmet. Erster Band: Aristoteles und seine Schule. Edited by WiesnerJürgen. Berlin: de Gruyter 1985. pp. 12-21

76.

Vleeschauwer Herman Jean de. L'odyssée de la bibliothèque d'Aristote et ses repercussionsphilosophiques. Pretoria: University of South Africa 1957.

77.

Wehrli Fritz Robert. Die Schule des Aristoteles. Texte und Kommentar. Basel-Stuttgart: Schwabe1944.I. Dikaiarchos (1944); II. Aristoxenos (1945); III. Klearchos (1948); IV. Demetrios von Phaleron(1949); V. Straton von Lampsakos (1950); VI. Lykon und Ariston von Keos (1952); VII:Herakleides Pontikos (1953); VIII. Eudemos von Rhodos (1955); IX. Phainias von Eresos,Chamaileon, Praxiphanes (1957); X. Hieronymos von Rhodos, Kritolaos und seine Schuler,Rückblick: Der Peripatos in vorchlisticher Zeit, Register (1959); Supplementband I: Hermippos derKallimacheer (1974); Supplementband II: Sotio (1978).

78.

Wehrli Fritz Robert. Der Peripatos bis zum Beginn des römischen Kaiserzeit. In Die Philosophieder Antike. Band 3: Ältere Akademie. Aristoteles. Peripatos. Edited by Flashar Hellmut. Basel:Schwabe 1983. pp. 93-128Grundriss der Geschichte der Philosophie begründet von Friedrich Ueberweg

79.

Wilpert Paul. The fragments of Aristotle's lost writings. In Aristotle and Plato in the Mid-Fourthcentury. Edited by Düring Ingemar and Owen Gwilym Ellis Lane. Göteborg: Studia Graeca etLatina Gothoburgensia 1960. pp. 257-264

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