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Corrie DiSalvoDiana DuqueKristin HopkinsLizbeth LondonoMarcela Morado
Chapter 28 Lessons 1 & 3 7th Grade
Infectious Diseases
Diseases caused by the growth of pathogenic organisms in the body
Bacteria• A single-celled microorganism
• Abundant in air, soil, and water
• Harmful
• Rapid Multiplication
Viruses
• Smallest known type of infectious agent
• One of the worst enemies (HIV)
• Unique Structure• Invades all forms of
life
Rickettsias
• Way of Multiplying
• Its Location
• Transmission
• Examples– Typhus and Rocky-Mountain spotted fever
Protozoans
• Single-celled organisms
• 30 different types • Its Location
Fungi• Simple organisms
• Saprophytes
• Prefers dark and damp environments
• Invasion sites – Ex: ringworms or athlete's foot.
Transmission
Spread of infectious pathogens
People
• Direct contact– Ex. Hand shake, pregnant women to unborn
child
• Indirect contact– Ex. Cough, sneeze
Animals
• Dogs– Rabies
• Mosquitoes– Malaria and dengue fever
Contaminated Objects
• Examples– Eating utensils– Glasses – Toothbrush– Door knobs– Pencils– Computer mouse
Environment
• Careless disposal of waste
• Careless handling of foods
• Pollution in air and water
What’s wrong with this picture?
Immune Response
Nonspecific
vs.
Specific Resistance
Nonspecific Resistance
• Physical barriers– Mucus membranes and skin
• Chemical barriers– Tears, saliva, and acidic digestive juices
• Body cells– Phagocytes
Specific Resistance
• Lymphocytes– T-cells– B-cells
• Antibodies– Macrophages
Mission: Search and Destroy
Prevention
Immunity and Immunization
Immunity
• Active Immunity– The defense system the body develops to
protect one from diseases
• Passive Immunity– The temporary defense that an infant
acquires from its mothers
Immunization
• Passive Immunization– Immediate, short lived protection
• Active Immunization– vaccination
Test Your Knowledge
1. Mother to baby– Passive immunity
2. Flu vaccine– Active immunization
3. Acute poisoning treatment– Passive immunization
4. Hepatitis A vaccine– Active immunization
Test Your Knowledge Cont.
5. Tetanus vaccine– Active immunization
6. Chicken pox– Active immunity
7. Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine– Active immunization
Common Sense Measures• Hand washing
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After using thebathroom
Beforehandling/eating food
Aftering changingdiaper
After petting cat/dog Aftercoughing/sneezing
After handlingmoney
Common Sense Measures
• Good Nutrition
• Regular exercise
• Bathe or shower daily
• Cover mouth when coughing or sneezing
• Avoid contact with people who are sick
• Avoid sharing of utensils
Come out, Come out Wherever you are?
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