COS Standard 11Evaluate the impact of American social and political

reform on the emergence of a distinct culture.

Explaining the impact of the Second Great Awakening on the emergence of a national identity

Explaining the emergence of uniquely American writers Examples: James Fenimore Cooper, Henry David

Thoreau, Edgar Allan Poe

Explaining the influence of Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Dorothea Dix, and Susan B. Anthony on the development of social

reform movements prior to the Civil War

Chapter 8 Section 2 and 3

Second Great AwakeningAmerican commitment to organized religion

is weakened.Scientific revolution and rationalism

Began in Kentucky on the frontierCamp meetingsMainly Methodists, Baptists and PresbyterianPeople must readmit God and Christ into

their daily lives; all people could attain grace through faith

Charles Grandison Finney

Second Great Awakening continuedUnitarian: Jesus is not God’s son, but a

good teacher; God is a unity, not a trinity; stressed goodness of human nature rather than vileness, belief in free will and salvation through good works, God is a stern but loving Father

Universalists: universal salvation of all souls

Mormons: Jesus Christ of Later Day Saints; Joseph Smith; The Book of Mormon

American WritersRomanticism: feeling over reason, inner spiritually over

external rules, nature over environments created by humans

Transcendentalism: overcome the limits of the mind and let their soul reach out to embrace the beauty of the universe

Ralph Waldo Emerson: Nature, Self-Reliance (transcendentalism)

Washington Irving: Rip Van Winkle, The Legend of Sleepy Hollow

Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Scarlet LetterHerman Melville: Moby DickEmily Dickinson: American poetWalt Whitman: O Captain, My Captain, Leaves of Grass

American Writers

American Writers: James Fenimore CooperThe Last of the

MohicansFirst American

novelist

American Writers: Henry David ThoreauWalden, Civil

DisobedienceTranscendentalistFight the pressure to

conform

American Writers: Edgar Allan PoeTell-Tale Heart, The

Raven, The Cask of Amontillado, Fall of the House of Usher

Poet and short story writer

Themes: mystery and terror

Reformers and their ReformsLyman BeecherBenevolent societies: combated

social problems through God’s word

Temperance limit the amount of alcohol

(moderation)Alcohol can lead to the downfall

of manHorace MannFather of educationPublic educationState board of education

Drunkard’s Progress

UtopiaPerfect societyCommunist

Brook FarmOneidaShakers

Reformers: Elizabeth Cady StantonAdvocated for women’s

suffrageSeneca Falls

Convention: wrote the Declaration of Sentiments; all men and women were equalLaunched the modern

women’s rights movement

Some changes did happen but overshadowed by slavery

Reformers: Dorothea DixWorked to get

better care for Mentally ill and imprisoned

Reformers: Susan B. Anthony

Advocate for women’s rights