COS STANDARD 12

Describe the founding of the first abolitionist societies by Benjamin Rush and Benjamin Franklin and the role played by later critics of slavery, including William Lloyd Garrison, Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, Angelina and Sarah Grimké, Henry David Thoreau, and Charles Sumner.

DESCRIBING THE RISE OF RELIGIOUS MOVEMENTS IN OPPOSITION TO SLAVERY, INCLUDING OBJECTIONS OF THE QUAKERS

EXPLAINING THE IMPORTANCE OF THE NORTHWEST ORDINANCE OF 1787 THAT BANNED SLAVERY IN NEW STATES NORTH OF THE OHIO RIVER

DESCRIBING THE RISE OF THE UNDERGROUND RAILROAD AND ITS LEADERS, INCLUDING HARRIET TUBMAN AND THE IMPACT OF HARRIET BEECHER STOWE’S UNCLE TOM’S CABIN, ON THE ABOLITIONIST MOVEMENT

Chapter 8 and 10

Opposition to Slavery From the start of the US, Americans

increasing wanted to rid themselves of slavery. Equality and liberty

By the 1830s, more Americans wanted the immediate end to slavery. Pits the North against the South

Gradualism: the movement to gradually end slavery in the US

Opposition to Slavery continued Quakers and Baptists opposed slavery. Gradually ending slavery would come

in stages. Do not import anymore slaves Phase out slavery first in North and Upper

South, then in Lower South Slaveholders would be compensated for

their loss. Gradualism would give the south’s

economy time to adjust.

Opposition to Slavery continued Americans realized that ending slavery

would not end racism. Return slaves back to Africa: American

Colonization Society The ACS founded a colony in West Africa called

Liberia. The capitol was called Monrovia. Not realistic

Cost is high ACS dependent upon donations, cannot raise

enough money Moving 1.5 million people to Africa Slaves regard America as their home

Liberia

Opposition to Slavery continued Abolitionism: the movement to rid

the US of slavery immediately No compensation to the slaveholders

and no gradual measures Grew strength from Second Great

Awakening

Famous Abolitionists Benjamin Rush: prominent Americas, signer of

the Declaration of Independence, against slavery after having a dream, Quaker influenced

Benjamin Franklin: owned 2 slaves but later freed them once he realized slavery was bad, related to British relationship to Americans, Quaker

William Lloyd Garrison: The Liberator, believed slavery was immoral and slaveholders were evil, the only option is immediate emancipation (freeing all slaves), Quaker influenced

Frederick Douglass: The North Star Sojourner Truth: former slave who spoke about

freedom

Famous Abolitionists Sara and Angelina Grimke: Quakers,

letter was published in the Liberator, feminists and abolitionists

Henry David Thoreau: wrote Slavery in Massachusetts

Charles Sumner: senator from Massachusetts who opposes slavery, Sumner caning

Famous Abolitionists

Famous Abolitionists

Northwest Ordinance of 1787 Determines how

a territory becomes a state

Provides a framework to govern the territory

60,000 people must live in a territory before it can become a state

Bans slavery above the Ohio River

Underground Railroad A series of trails and safe places to the north

for slaves to travel when escaping the south Members of the UR were called conductors Harriet Tubman: also known as Moses,

famous conductor of the UR, runaway slave, risked freedom 19 times to save others

Levi Coffin: Quaker, allowed escaped slaves to stay at his home in Indiana and Ohio

UR deepened Southern mistrust of Northern intentions.

Underground Railroad

Harriet Tubman and Levi Coffin

Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin

Relationship between Tom, the slave, and his overseer, Simon Legree

Changed Northern perceptions of slavery

Depicted slaves as real people imprisoned in bad situations

Southerners tried unsuccessfully to have the book banned Distortions and falsehoods

Considered a cause of the Civil War