Country ReportCountry ReportOnOn

HydroHydro--Meteorological Meteorological Disaster In Lao PDR Disaster In Lao PDR

For year 2006For year 2006

(3 (3 –– 5 March, 2008)5 March, 2008)Kyoto University, JapanKyoto University, Japan

Vinliam BOUNLOMVinliam BOUNLOM

Hydrological divisionHydrological division

((DMH)DMH),Lao,Lao PDRPDR

ContentsContents

•• IntroductionIntroduction•• Overview of Meteorological and Overview of Meteorological and

Hydrological conditions During the Hydrological conditions During the year 2006year 2006

I.I. Meteorological conditionMeteorological conditionII.II. Hydrological conditionHydrological conditionIII.III. Lessons learned and response from Lessons learned and response from

government and community level.government and community level.IV.IV. Conclusion and recommendationConclusion and recommendation

•• IntroductionIntroduction

During the last 40 years 28 notable During the last 40 years 28 notable flood occurred with different flood occurred with different magnitudes and duration. Of these magnitudes and duration. Of these historic flood about 8 were large historic flood about 8 were large flood(1966flood(1966--2006)2006)

In flood season year 2006 has been In flood season year 2006 has been seen as a year without flood along seen as a year without flood along the Mekong river.the Mekong river.

Mostly the flash flood occurred in the Mostly the flash flood occurred in the end of rainy season at main end of rainy season at main tributaries of Mekong River, caused of tributaries of Mekong River, caused of low atmospheric pressure with low atmospheric pressure with southwest monsoon heavy rainfall southwest monsoon heavy rainfall and Typhoon best track over Lao PDR and Typhoon best track over Lao PDR in some main tributaries of Mekong in some main tributaries of Mekong river.river.

•• Climate of Lao PDRClimate of Lao PDRThe Climate characteristics The Climate characteristics are tropical monsoonare tropical monsoon-- Dry seasonDry season-- Rainy season (wet)Rainy season (wet)

(Southwest monsoon)(Southwest monsoon)

Vietnam

China

Myanmar

Thailand

Cambodia

Overview of meteorological and Overview of meteorological and hydrological conditions year hydrological conditions year 20062006

I.I. Meteorological conditionMeteorological condition

The occurrence of series extreme The occurrence of series extreme weather disturbances in Lao weather disturbances in Lao PDR as follows:PDR as follows:

1.1 Local storms (whirlwind)1.1 Local storms (whirlwind)1.2 Drought1.2 Drought1.3 Torrential rains (flash flood)1.3 Torrential rains (flash flood)1.4 Typhoon1.4 Typhoon1.5 Local heavy rainfall1.5 Local heavy rainfall

1.1 Local storm1.1 Local stormThe Provinces affected by local The Provinces affected by local

storms and flash flood in 2006storms and flash flood in 2006

Namtha Prov.

Xekong River

Sikhottabong Dist.

1.2 Drought:1.2 Drought:

•• Hot and dry weather condition Hot and dry weather condition occurred on June 2006 with strong occurred on June 2006 with strong magnitude in many provinces of magnitude in many provinces of Laos (north to the south)Laos (north to the south)

By drought indicated that the monthly By drought indicated that the monthly rainfall were observed one and half rainfall were observed one and half below normal show below:below normal show below:

0.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.0

PL VS SN XK LN OS HS LB SB PH VT PX TK SK SO SV SG PS PG AP

June 2006 Rainfall Normal rainfall June Station

Rain

fall

( in

mm

)

Drought days of June 2006Drought days of June 2006

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

dro

ught

day

s

Number of drought days 6 7 10 7 10 14 6 15 11 6 6 16

PL VS XK OS LB PH VT SK SO SV PS AP

1.3 Southwest Monsoon1.3 Southwest Monsoon

Lao PDR face frequency of heavy rainfall Lao PDR face frequency of heavy rainfall with strong winds caused of Typhoon by with strong winds caused of Typhoon by weather map, satellite and doper radar weather map, satellite and doper radar

Surface Charts and upper chart 850 mb on 00:00 UTC

Daily rainfall Recorded for specific Daily rainfall Recorded for specific of Luangnamtha provinceof Luangnamtha province

1.4 Typhoon Track observ.1.4 Typhoon Track observ.

by by Web/JMA, HKMO Web/JMA, HKMO –– R IIR II

South ch

ina Sea

Philippines

Lao P D R

China

The MTSAT–1R Infrared (a) and visible (b) channel imageries. 06:30 UTC 01 Oct. 2006, by WMO

1.5 Local heavy rainfall1.5 Local heavy rainfall

Large amount of Precipitation reaches Large amount of Precipitation reaches the ground and caused in to road the ground and caused in to road flash flood in Vientiane capital.flash flood in Vientiane capital.

The MTSAT–1R Infrared and visible channel image. 00:30 UTC on 09/10/ 2006

3 hourly Rainfall distributions in (mm) at station DMH on 09 October. 2006

12.0

84.8

135.8

23.0

255.6

0 .0

50 .0

10 0 .0

150 .0

2 0 0 .0

2 50 .0

3 0 0 .0

4 :0 0 7:0 0 10 :0 0 13 :0 0 T o t al 7 ho urTime

Rai

nfal

l in

(mm

)

II. Hydrological conditionII. Hydrological condition

2.1 Flash flood at Namtha river2.1 Flash flood at Namtha riverAs result of heavy rain observed 53 As result of heavy rain observed 53 –– 113 mm into two consecutive 113 mm into two consecutive days 6days 6--7 Aug,2006 affected 132 7 Aug,2006 affected 132 villages, 1916 households affected villages, 1916 households affected of Nam thaof Nam tha

2.2 Flash flood by Typhoon2.2 Flash flood by TyphoonFlash flood is caused of Typhoon Flash flood is caused of Typhoon

XangsaneXangsane from south China sea from south China sea and is associated with a strong and is associated with a strong southwest monsoon heavy rain southwest monsoon heavy rain from Gulf of Thailand, as result of from Gulf of Thailand, as result of heavy rain in this area two river heavy rain in this area two river water level was rising very heightwater level was rising very heightXekongXekong and and xekhamanxekhaman river river AttapueAttapue provinceprovince

III. Lessons learned and response III. Lessons learned and response from government and community from government and community

levellevel

3.1 flood damage assessment3.1 flood damage assessmentThe economic losses caused The economic losses caused flashflood were about 3million USD flashflood were about 3million USD and 5 person were killedand 5 person were killed

3.2 Weather forecast 3.2 Weather forecast and Flood forecastingand Flood forecasting

-- Weather forecasting division Weather forecasting division received real time data of received real time data of rainfall, synoptic, climatic data, rainfall, synoptic, climatic data, weather situation and other weather situation and other information from provincial information from provincial meteorological servicesmeteorological services

-- Product weather forecasting Product weather forecasting daily and weeklydaily and weekly

-- For flood forecasting at main For flood forecasting at main stream of the Mekong river, stream of the Mekong river, exchange data and flood exchange data and flood forecast products with Mekong forecast products with Mekong River Commission (MRC)River Commission (MRC)

3.3 Early warning and 3.3 Early warning and disseminationdissemination

-- For early warning provide by For early warning provide by DMH weather forecasting DMH weather forecasting division, announcement division, announcement weather situation water level weather situation water level forecast forecast

-- DMH have to disseminate the DMH have to disseminate the information by Radio information by Radio transceiver, Public telephone, transceiver, Public telephone, Facsimile, email and website to Facsimile, email and website to Mass media, MAF, NDMO, Mass media, MAF, NDMO, Provincial Meteorological Provincial Meteorological services. services.

WAD

Provincial Hydro-Climeteo stations (17 main synoptic stations)

Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH)

Headquarter Office in Lao PDR

LNMC & WRAut.

MRCs

Electricity Hydro power

Line Ministries concerned

NDMO

Mass Media TV, Radio,

News

Provincial Hydro-Meteo

stations

Provincial Agriculture and Forestry services

Districts and Villages affected

areas

MAF

Remark: PMO: Primer Minister’s Office LNMC: Lao National Mekong Committee MRsC: Mekong River Commission Secretariat MAF: Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry NDMO: National Disasters Management Office MIH : Ministry of Industry and Handcraft EDL: Electricity Due Lao DAM: Hydropower Dam WAD: Water Administration Division WRAu: Water Resources Authority

Provincial TV + Radio

MIH EDL DAM

Other

Prime Minister’s Office

IV. Conclusion IV. Conclusion

-- Lao PDR is vulnerable to severe Lao PDR is vulnerable to severe natural disasters, which have natural disasters, which have significant socialsignificant social--economic impacteconomic impact

-- In year 2006 flash flood occurred In year 2006 flash flood occurred only tributaries of Mekong river ,but only tributaries of Mekong river ,but economic loss more than few last economic loss more than few last yearyear

-- DMH and community relation ship DMH and community relation ship must be improvedmust be improved

-- Upgrade of precision rainfall Upgrade of precision rainfall monitoring under coverage areas of monitoring under coverage areas of RadaRada..

-- Improvement of accuracy forecastingImprovement of accuracy forecasting-- Application of MM5 to be done soonApplication of MM5 to be done soonBy Dr. Palikone san (KU, Japan)By Dr. Palikone san (KU, Japan)