COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF TURKANA KIBISH SUB COUNTY …

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REPUBLIC OF KENYA

COUNTY GOVERNMENT OF TURKANA

KIBISH SUB COUNTY

SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT

SEPTEMBER 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................................................................................... 4

SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT ....................................................................................................................... 5

Relevance of Social Intelligence Report .................................................................................................................... 5

Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................. 5

Analysis of SIR .......................................................................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER 1 ................................................................................................................................................................. 7

BACKGROUND INFORMATION ........................................................................................................................... 7

1.1 COUNTY LEVEL ............................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1.1 Location, size, administrative units and political units..................................................................................... 7

Administrative Units by Sub-County ........................................................................................................................ 7

Political Units by Sub-County ................................................................................................................................... 7

1.1.2 County subdivision............................................................................................................................................ 8

1.1.3 County population and area coverage .............................................................................................................. 8

1.1.4 Language and culture ....................................................................................................................................... 8

1.1.5 Climate.............................................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1.6 Economic activities ........................................................................................................................................... 8

1.2 SUB-COUNTY LEVEL .............................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.1 Position and size of the Sub-county .................................................................................................................. 9

1.2.3 Administrative and political Units .................................................................................................................... 9

Table 1: Sub County Administrative Units ................................................................................................................ 9

Table 2: Sub-County Political Units .......................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.3 Settlement Structure .......................................................................................................................................... 9

1.2.4 Economic activities ......................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2.5 Topographic features ...................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2.6 Climatic Information ...................................................................................................................................... 10

1.2.7 Population ...................................................................................................................................................... 10

CHAPTER 2 ............................................................................................................................................................... 11

EDUCATION AND LITERACY SECTOR ............................................................................................................ 11

2.1 COUNTY LEVEL INFORMATION ................................................................................................................ 11

2.2 FACILITY LEVEL INFORMATION ............................................................................................................... 11

2.2.1 Loruth Primary School ............................................................................................................................... 11

Brief background of the school ............................................................................................................................ 11

The school Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 12

Table 3: Loruth Primary Enrolment .................................................................................................................... 13

Dropout rate ........................................................................................................................................................ 14

Funding ................................................................................................................................................................ 15

2.2.2 Kokuro Primary School .................................................................................................................................. 15

Brief background of the school ............................................................................................................................ 15

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The school Infrastructure .................................................................................................................................... 15

Table 4: Kokuro Primary Enrolment ................................................................................................................... 16

Dropout rate ........................................................................................................................................................ 17

Funding ................................................................................................................................................................ 18

2.2.3 School Performances ...................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.4 Staffing ........................................................................................................................................................... 18

2.2.5 School Facilities.............................................................................................................................................. 18

Toilets .................................................................................................................................................................. 18

Water Points ........................................................................................................................................................ 18

2.2.6 Challenges facing the facilities and Recommendations .................................................................................. 19

2.1.7 Secondary Schools .......................................................................................................................................... 20

CHAPTER 3 ............................................................................................................................................................... 21

HEALTH SECTOR ................................................................................................................................................... 21



3.2.1. Loruth Dispensary ..................................................................................................................................... 21

3.2.2. Kokuro Health Center ................................................................................................................................ 23


WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR ................................................................................................................. 27


4.1.1 Water Resources and Quality ..................................................................................................................... 27

4.1.2 Water Supply Schemes ............................................................................................................................... 27

4.1.3 Water Sources ............................................................................................................................................. 27

4.1.4 Sanitation .................................................................................................................................................... 27


4.2.1 Loruth Water Supply System ...................................................................................................................... 28

4.2.2 Loruth Primary Hand Pump ........................................................................................................................ 30

4.2.3 Kokuro Water Supply System .................................................................................................................... 32


CHAPTER 5 ............................................................................................................................................................... 35

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION ....................................................................................................... 35

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The Inter- Religious Council of Kenya (IRCK) under a Consortium led by the Amref Health

Africa in Kenya is implementing a 5-year project dubbed AFYA TIMIZA. The overall goal of the

project is to provide enhanced access to and utilization of quality Family planning, /

Reproductive, Maternal Newborn and Child Health (FP/RMNCAH) WASH and Nutrition

services in Samburu and Turkana Counties.

IRCK‟s scope of work within the consortium will contribute to increased care seeking and health

promoting behavior on FP/RMNCAH, WASH and Nutrition services in both counties.

Additionally, a key delivery of the project is to conduct county level advocacy using the Social

Budgeting Observatory Framework SBOF/Social Intelligence Reporting SIR.

The Social Budgeting initiative is one key step towards ensuring more equitable social

development via engagement of the „claim holders‟ as well as “duty bearers” and increasing

levels of citizen participation and shared accountability in the social budgeting process.

A key element of the Social Budgeting Initiative is the conduct of the Social Intelligence

Reporting (SIR). The reports are derived from participatory engagements of the communities and

interactions with various stakeholders. It is not a survey or data gathering exercise but facilitates

community involvement and engagement; it focuses on problem identification and problem-

solving.

AFYA TIMIZA supported a cadre of sensitized religious leaders in liaison with the county

departments of finance and economic planning, health, water and education to conduct the site

visits to SIR mapped facilities: Loruth dispensary, Kokuro health center, Loruth primary school,

Kokuro primary school and the water access points to the communities, schools and hospitals.

The objective of conducting the exercise was to gather credible evidence on the real issues

affecting essential social service provision at the sub County and facility levels. This would

create an understanding of these issues and articulate responsibilities and accountabilities around

them, at the end of the process, build consensus on time-bound, remedial actions to be

undertaken by relevant stakeholders at the identified facilities.

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SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE REPORT

Relevance of Social Intelligence Report

The report is an assessment tool on quality of service delivery particularly in the Social Pillar of

the Vision 2030 at facility and community levels. In addition, the report provides a broad

evaluation of effectiveness of the social sector policies, projects and programmes carried out in

selected communities.

The report describes the communities‟ status, milestones, opportunities, constraints, conclusions,

action points and recommendations that require attention in addressing the overall progress of

communities for quality social services.

Guidance on undertaking SIR was based on the following principles:

a) Facilitating the engagement of „duty bearer‟s‟ and „rights‟ holders‟

b) Promoting accountability for quality and equitable delivery of social services

c) Ensuring transparency and good governance

d) Identifying constraints to optimal utilization of public investments

e) Monitoring the situation of vulnerable groups

f) Informing meetings of social budgeting observatories at all levels

The entire report covers executive summary, sub county back ground information, SIR

methodology, Sectoral analysis (Education. Health, Water) Follow Up Actions, Conclusion and

Recommendations.

Methodology

Preparation of SIR entails a lengthy process of series of data collection, field visits, meetings,

stakeholder‟s engagements by various committees coordinated by Sub County Social Sector

heads. The County SIR lead team comprised of the County representatives in the department of

Health, Education, Water, finance and Planning.

The scope of the report is limited to major human development activities undertaken in the three

facilities where this SIR was conducted.

Engagement with stakeholders during collection and compilation of information and generation

of SIR was done from relevant County departmental reports. Field visits and observations from

Water, Education and Health for committees were the main points of discussion.

Analysis of SIR

This is the second generated SIR conducted by AFYA TIMIZA and the County Government of

Turkana. The main challenges included lengthy time in data collection, analysis and reporting.

The vastness in geographical coverage also meant that a lot of time was taken travelling from

one place to another during the field visits. Also, not all the respondents were willing to give out

information

Rationale of Social Budgeting and SIR.

The Social Budgeting initiative is one key step towards ensuring more equitable social

development via engagement of the „claim holders‟ as well as “duty bearers” and increasing

levels of citizen participation and shared accountability in the social budgeting process.

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The Social budgeting initiative aims to speed up the realization of socio-economic rights by

creating an accountability mechanism to engage, review and demand rights fulfillment in a

transparent and inclusive manner.

A key element of the Social Budgeting Initiative is the conduct of the Social Intelligence

Reporting (SIR). The SIRs products (reports) are derived from participatory engagements of the

communities and interactions between a mix of independent observers (Sub-county Development

Officer, social services providers, social facility and fund managers) at the service delivery levels

and the „claim holders‟ largely children, women, young people, elders and members of

communities.

Approach Applied

The exercise targeted two schools, two health facilities and two water facilities. In the work plan,

the SIR was set to run from 5th

September to 12th

September 2018. Eventually, we managed to

carry out the SIR activity in two communities namely; Loruth and Kokuro communities.

The SIR team consisted of the following Officers:

Dr. Salim Otieno- Kibish Sub County MoH

Benedict Ekeru- Kibish Deputy Sub County Water Officer

Paul Etabo Lokaran- Turkana County Government Education Officer

Lokinei Lomaniko- Kibish Sub County Economic Planning Officer

Rev. Samuel Ekales-Member, Turkana Inter-Religious Council

Sheikh Noor Abdallah-Treasurer, Turkana Inter-Religious Council

Pr. Philip Ereng- Kibish Sub-County Religious Leader TOT on FP/RMNCAH

Daudi Etakapan- Kibish Sub-County Religious Leader TOT on FP/RMNCAH

Halima Abdi- Kibish Sub-County Religious Leader TOT on FP/RMNCAH

Abiba Mohammed – Kibish Sub-County Religious Leader TOT on FP/RMNCAH

Linus-IRCK Monitoring and Evaluation Manager, Nairobi

Lydia Ndinda- AFYA TIMIZA Project Officer

In our data collection we engaged both the management of the facilities and their clients in

discussions which were guided by the templates tools provided to collect the information

contained in this document. In addition, more information was collected through observations

and photographs.

During the SIR activity the following challenges were realized

We had difficulties in accessing Napak Community which was initially selected for the

exercise due to bad road network. However, the team opted for Loruth Community which

was secure and accessible.

Accessing respective in charge of facilities was a challenge and therefore, minimal

information was obtained from the facilities‟ committees who were not the most reliable.

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CHAPTER 1

BACKGROUND INFORMATION

1.1 COUNTY LEVEL

1.1.1 Location, size, administrative units and political units

Turkana County is situated in North Western part of Kenya. It borders West Pokot and Baringo

Counties to the South, Samburu County to the South East, and Marsabit County to the East. It

also borders South Sudan to the North, Uganda to the West and Ethiopia to the North East.

It lies between Longitudes 34° 30‟ and 36°40‟ East and between Latitudes 1° 30‟ and 5° 30‟

North

It covers an area of 71,597.6 Km2, accounting for 13.5% of the total land area in Kenya.

Administrative Units by Sub-County Number

Sub-County Divisions Locations Sub-locations

Turkana South 3 9 21

Turkana East 2 12 30

Turkana North 3 6 17

Kibish 2 9 17

Turkana West 4 13 36

Turkana Central 3 8 21

Loima 3 9 20

Total 20 66 162

Source: Ministry of Interior and National Coordination, Turkana County

Political Units by Sub-County

Number

Constituency Wards

Turkana Central 5

Loima 4

Turkana South 5

Turkana North 6Turkana East 3

Turkana West 7

Total 30

Source: Independent Eelectoral and Boundaries Commission, Turkana County

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1.1.2 County subdivision

Sub-County Population* Headquarters

Turkana North

Turkana South

Turkana East

Turkana West

Loima

Kibish

Total

* 1999 census. Sources:

1.1.3 County population and area coverage

In the last census carried out in Kenya in 2009, Turkana County population was reported to be

855,399, the total population is expected to grow to 1,122,207 in 2017 and to 1,366,596 by 2023.

1.1.4 Language and culture

The Turkana, who are plain Nilotes, are the dominant community in the county. The El Molo

community the Minority community in the County and are found on the southern shores of Lake

Turkana

1.1.5 Climate

Turkana has a hot, dry climate with temperatures ranging between 20°C and 41° C and with a

mean of 30.5°C. Rainfall in the area is bimodal and highly variable. The long rain occur between

April and July and short rains between October and November .annual rainfall is low, ranging

from 52 mm to 480 mm with a mean of mm

Rain patterns and distributions are erratic and unreliable

1.1.6 Economic activities

The main economic activity in the County is pastoralism characterized by livestock rearing. The

major livestock reared include cattle, donkeys, camels and goats. Fishing is also practiced at

Lake Turkana, mainly by the El Molo people. Basket weaving is also a major income generating

activity in the county, especially among women in Lodwar and other urban centers. Other

economic activities include farming of cassava, millet, sorghum and drought resistant maize,

honey production, charcoal production, weaving and tourism.

The recent discovery of oil has brought in a fresh focus on Turkana County and the entire region

as a whole with the economic status of the County expected to change when oil drilling

commences.

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1.2 SUB-COUNTY LEVEL

1.2.1 Position and size of the Sub-county

Kibish Sub-county is one of the seven sub-counties in Turkana County. It previously formed part

of the former Turkana district before its sub-division in 2007 into three districts namely Turkana

South, Turkana Central and Turkana North. Turkana North was further sub-divided into Turkana

North, Turkana West in 2009. Kibish Sub County was created after March 2013 General

elections as a special Sub County. The sub-county headquarters for Kibish is based at Kibish

center.

The sub-county borders Turkana North sub-county to the south, Turkana West sub-county to the

west, South Sudan to the North West and Ethiopia to the north east. The total area of the sub-

county is approximately 5,087 km².The sub-county lies between Longitudes 35013‟ and 35

033‟

East and between Latitudes 4020‟ and 4

037‟ North.

1.2.3 Administrative and political Units Administratively, Kibish Sub- County consists of two divisions, five locations and seven sub-

locations. The sub-county also comprises of one electoral ward.

Table 1: Sub County Administrative Units

Number

Sub-County Divisions Locations Sub-locations

Kibish 2 9 17

Total 2 9 17

Source: Ministry of Interior and National Coordination, Turkana County

Table 2: Sub-County Political Units

1.2.3 Settlement Structure

The population density in the Sub-County varies from 20 persons per Km² in Kaikor Location to

10 persons per Km² in Lobulono Location. This is based on the 2009 Housing and Population

Census. The low density in Lobulono Location is attributed the frequent cases of cattle rustling

experienced along the border with South Sudan and Ethiopia.

Permanent and semi-permanent settlement areas in the sub-county are found in Kibish, Kokuro

and Kaikor centers. Along these areas, there exist peri-urban market centres with the necessary

social infrastructure like schools and health facilities that support human settlement.

Number

Sub county Wards

Kibish 1

Total 1

Source: Independent Eelectoral and Boundaries Commission, Turkana County

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1.2.4 Economic activities

The main economic activity in the Sub County is pastoralism characterized by livestock rearing.

With the major livestock reared being cattle, donkeys, camels and goats. Farming is also done in

some parts of the sub county especially Kaikor and Kokuro. Some of the crops farmed include

sorghum, maize, Sukuma wiki, spinach, tomatoes and onions. Other economic activities include

honey production and charcoal production.

1.2.5 Topographic features

The physiographic features in the sub-county include low lying open plains known as Kasarani

plains, mountain ranges and river drainage patterns. The sub-county has an altitude of 1,579

metres above sea level. The mountain ranges, because of their high elevation are normally

green, covered with dense bushes and high woody cover. The ranges support important

economic activities like honey production, grazing during the dry season, water catchments

sources, gum Arabica harvesting and wood production.

The plains form part of the arid area in the sub-county and receive the lowest amount of rainfall

of around 200 mm per annum. These plains are dominated by dwarf shrub and grassland, which

provide forage for livestock during and shortly after rainy season. However, this forage dries

rapidly at the onset of the dry season.

1.2.6 Climatic Information

Kibish sub-county is Arid and Semi-Arid and is characterized by warm and hot climate. The

temperatures range between 25ºC and 41ºC with a mean of 30ºC.

The rainfall pattern and distribution is erratic and unreliable both with time and space. There are

two rainfall seasons. The long rains usually occur between April and July and the short rains

between October and November and range between 120 mm and 500 mm.

The driest periods are January, February and September. Rainfall is distributed on an east-west

gradient with more rainfall in the eastern parts and other areas of higher elevation. The rain falls

in brief violent storms resulting in flash floods. The surface runoff and potential evaporation

rates are extremely high.

1.2.7 Population

According to the 2009 Population and Housing Census, the present Kibish sub-county comprised

of Kibish division with a population of 21,673. By 2015, the population was projected to be

26,492.

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CHAPTER 2

EDUCATION AND LITERACY SECTOR

2.1 COUNTY LEVEL INFORMATION

Increased investment in Early Childhood Development Centers (ECDCs) has raised the number

of children enrolling for basic education in Turkana. The number of primary schools has

significantly increased and this can be attributed to the Constituency Development Funds (CDF)

used in establishing new schools, Faith Based Organizations and Non-Governmental

Organizations.

The number of secondary schools has also increased with two national schools, as shown below:

Education

Sector

Number of schools/institutions Enrolment Staffing and Performance by

Gender and type

Unit Public Private Public Private Public Private

2016/

2017

2017/2

018

2016/2

017

2017/

2018

2016/

2017

2017/

2018

2016/

2017

2017/

2018

2016/

2017

2017/2

018

2016/

2017

2017/

2018

ECD 863 35

Primary

Education 390 395 36 38 143,884 145,707 9,014

Secondary

Education 46 46 6 10 13,631 15,185 967 8,227

2.2 FACILITY LEVEL INFORMATION

The following schools were visited; Loruth Primary School and Kokuro Primary School

2.2.1 Loruth Primary School

Brief background of the school

The school is located at Loruth Centre, Kaaleng/Kaikor ward in Kibish Sub County. Since

inception the school has pupils from class one to class eight. The current total population for the

year 2017/2018 is at 291 pupils; 171 boys and 120 girls. For year 2016/2017 the total population

was 229 pupils. 141 boys and 88 girls. K.C.P.E mean score is 164.46 for 2016 and for 2017 was

not available. The school has 5 teachers, male gender.

However, it was observed a difference on the school register records against the actual number of

pupils in class.

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Grade 8 Class, actual number of pupils is 6 against the records which shows 15 pupils

The school Infrastructure

Boarding: There‟s no boarding facility in the school. Though inadequate, the school has 5

Toilets; 2 for male pupils, 2 for female pupils and 1 for teachers. The toilet funded by Unicef is

in bad condition, the roof and the door are incomplete. 2 Water points, a hand pump and a

solarized borehole. 7 classrooms; one classroom is shared between class 1 and class 2.

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Shared Classroom Between Grade 1 and Grade 2 Pupils

Loruth pupils' gender disaggregated toilet

Hole from the collapsed toilet

Table 3: Loruth Primary Enrolment

Loruth Primary Enrolment figure by level and gender

Class 2016/2017 2017/2018

Male Female Male Female

ECDE

One (1) 47 42 51 47

Two (2) 31 20 38 24

Three (3) 26 18 30 26

Four (4) 6 2 10 6

Five (5) 7 1 8 4

Six (6) 6 2 9 4

Seven (7) 10 0 15 4

Eight (8) 8 3 10 5

Total (exclude ECDE) 141 88 171 120

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Dropout rate

The dropout rate for girls as drastically increased to 87% in 2017/2018 as compared to 80% in

2016/2017. These was because of early marriage and being pregnant at an early age.

The dropout for boys has marginally reduced to 65% in 2017/2018 up from 70% in 2016/2017.

47 42 31

20 26

18 6 2 7

1 6 2 10

0 8 3

141

88

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Boys Girls

Loruth Primary Enrolment in 2017

Std 1 Std 2 Std 3 Std 4 Std 5 Std 6 Std 7 Std 8 Total

51 47

30 24

30 26

10 6 8 4 9

4 15

4 10

5

171

120

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

Boys Girls

Loruth Primary Enrolment in 2018

Std 1 STd 2 Std 3 Std 4 Std 5 Std 6 Std 7 Std 8 Total

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Funding

The school is largely funded by the national government to support the free primary education

program. In 2017, the school received KES 151,000 for the School Instructional materials, KES

161,000 for General Purpose Account. It also received KES 300,000 from UNICEF for the

construction of toilets. The information of amount received in 2018 was not displayed as

required.

2.2.2 Kokuro Primary School

Brief background of the school

The school is located at Kokuro Centre, Lapur ward in Kibish Sub County. Since inception the

school has pupils from ECD, class one to class eight. The current total population for the year

2017/2018 is at 238 pupils; ECD has 26 boys and 17 girls. Primary school has 124 boys and 71

girls. For year 2016/2017 the total population was 235 pupils. ECD had 20 boys and 13 girls.

Primary school had 132 boys and 70 girls. K.C.P.E mean score for 2016 181.52 and for 2017

was 191.50. The school has 6 teachers, all are male.

However, it was observed a difference on the school register records against the actual number of

pupils in class.

Grade 5 Class, actual number of pupils is 4 against the records which shows 16 pupils

The school Infrastructure

Boarding: There‟s boarding facility in the school built by NG-CDF Turkana North Constituency

but it‟s used as teacher‟s quarters. Insecurity in the area makes it difficult for parents to send the

pupils to the facility. Though inadequate, the school has 6 toilets; 3 for male pupils, and 3 for

female pupils. No toilets for teachers. There are 2 bathrooms and a urinal meant to serve pupils

in the boarding facility. The school accesses water from the solarized borehole which is the main

supply in the area. The school has 9 classrooms; only 7 are in use. 2 classrooms are unfinished.

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Unfinished classroom

ECD class pupils during break time, they use the dining hall as

their classroom which is also used as a store

Class 3 pupils in class session, every pupil is happy to have a

place to sit and write on the desks provided by Shalom Centre

Boarding facility being used as teacher's quarter and book

store

Table 4: Kokuro Primary Enrolment

Enrolment figure by level and gender

2016/2017 2017/2018


Kokuro Primary ECDE 20 13 26 17

One (1) 32 24 36 23

Two (2) 16 9 14 10

Three (3) 17 9 12 8

Four (4) 13 7 11 8

Five (5) 10 10 8 8

Six (6) 10 7 10 8

Seven (7) 17 1 15 3

Eight (8) 17 3 18 3

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Total (exclude ECDE) 132 70 124 71

Dropout rate

The dropout rate for girls stands at 72% in 2017/2018. The dropout for boys stands at 15% in

2017/2018. The number of pregnancy cases was last reported in 2014, 2 girls in standard 6 and 8.

32 24

16 9

17 9

13 7 10 10 10 7

17

1

17

3

132

70

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Boys Girls

Kokuro Primary Enrolment in 2017


36

23 14

10 12 8 11 8 8 8 10 8

15

3

18

3

124

71

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Boys Girls

Kokuro primary Enrolment in 2018


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These dropout rates is attributed to: age of the pupils when above a certain age they drop out of

school, early marriage, delays in the school feeding program, the nomadic way of life that is

during wet season the retention rate is high compared to the dry season and exam fees.

Funding

The school is largely funded by the national government, but the amount received by the school

was not displayed. Development partners such as SHALOM center provided desks and

construction materials on 28th

August 2018. Safaricom also pays the school KES 120,000 per

quarter and was used to construct the kitchen in 2017. UNICEF also donated KES 500,000 for

connection of water in 2017 and CDF allocated KES 3 million for the construction of school‟s

dining hall in 2017

2.2.3 School Performances

School KCPE Mean (Marks 0ut of 500)

2016 2017

Loruth primary 181.52 191.50

Kokuro primary 164.46 -

2.2.4 Staffing

Primary Schools Male (TSC) Female (TSC) Total pupils

Teacher: Pupil

ratio

Loruth primary 5 0 520 1:104

Kokuro primary 6 0 397 1:66

2.2.5 School Facilities

Toilets

School

Teachers Pupils

Males Females Males Females

Loruth primary 0 0 3 3

Kokuro primary 1 0 6 6

Water Points

School Water points

Hand washing facilities

Loruth primary 2 0

Kokuro primary 1 0

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2.2.6 Challenges facing the facilities and Recommendations

Facility Challenges facing the facility Recommendations

Loruth primary Acute shortage of staff Ensure gender mainstreaming

by observing the two thirds

gender rule by also employing

female teachers

Poor school management Capacity build the Board of

Management with skills on

management and

administration including

conducting orientation on their

roles and responsibilities

Sensitize the local level

communities on social

accountability to improve

governance for improved

service delivery

Poor school furnishing characterized

by:

Pupils sitting on stones

Classes rough floors

Provision of pupils with desks

Install a structural upgrade of

the classroom floor plans.

Lack of staff quarters Construction of staff quarters

adequate for the staffing level

in the school

The school has no fence Construction of the school

fence

No access to lighting system Establishment of the school‟s

lighting system since the

school already has installed

solar panels.

Low birth registration levels Sensitize communities on the

importance of civil registry in

safe guarding the basic rights

of children and identity

including legal protection

Encourage Civil Registry

office to hold open days at the

community levels to enhance

registration.

The toilets structural and hygienic

condition is deplorable Renovation of the existing

toilets

Incomplete ECD classroom Completion of the ECD

classroom and proper

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furnishing with floor and

equipment

Inadequate classrooms Construction of one more

classroom

Uncovered collapsed pit latrine Fill up the pit

Kokuro Primary Challenges facing the facility Recommendations

Lack of lighting system Establishment of the school‟s

lighting system since the

school already has installed

solar panels.

High levels of insecurity Ensure improved security in

the area

Lack of staff quarters Construction of staff quarters

adequate for the staffing level

in the school

Lack of ECD Class Construction of an ECD

classroom

Employment of an ECD

teacher

Low birth registration levels Sensitize communities on the

importance of civil registry in

safe guarding the basic rights

of children and identity

including legal protection.

Encourage Civil Registry

office to hold open days at the

community levels to enhance

registration.

The school‟s feeding program is not

reliable

Maintain the feeding program

provide food subsidy

Incomplete classroom Commence with the classroom

roofing materials delivered by

Shalom Centre

2.1.7 Secondary Schools

There were no Secondary schools around Loruth and Kokuro centers.

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CHAPTER 3

HEALTH SECTOR


Access to health service in the county has improved in the last four years, the average distance a

person needs to travel to the nearest health facility dropped from 50Km in 2013 to 35Km in

2017. A majority (81.7%) of the Population seek care from Public clinics. In Turkana North,

nearly 10% seek assistance from mobile clinics, the highest proportion in the county. Lodwar

County Referral Hospital has a new ICU, among other upgrades.

There are 13 hospitals, 19 health centers, 177 dispensaries and 168 community health units. Of

these there are 1 hospital, 2 health centers with maternity wards and 5 health clinics serving

refugees and host communities in Kakuma camps and Kalobeyei settlement.

Staffing

Number of health personnel

Public Private

2016/17 2017/18 2016/17 2017/18

Doctors/Pharmacists 21 1

Clinical officers 123 2

Nurses 56 99

Other health personnel


The following health facilities were visited: Loruth dispensary and Kokuro health center.

3.2.1. Loruth Dispensary

Brief background of the facility

The dispensary is located in Loruth Centre, Kaaleng/Kaikor ward. It was started as a public

dispensary in 2006 and is operated by the County Government of Turkana. Currently, the facility

has 6 staff members. These includes; 2 females and 4 male workers. 3 are subordinate staff; 1

watchman, 1 cleaner and 1 patient attendant. 3 are technical staff; 2 nurses, a nutritionist and a

community health extension worker (CHW).

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Focus Group Discussion between the SIR Team with the Loruth Dispensary Management Committee

Infrastructure

Water serving the facility is outsourced and stored in water tanks from community water Supply

System. Water is purified once in every 2 months though supply of PUR to the community, since

the water is not purified from the source. Water is not enough to efficiently sustain the facility

because the facility is not the only beneficiary of the supply system.

Causes of morbidity in the last three months for outpatients

Leading causes of

morbidity

2016/2017 2017/2018


Adult > 18 Malaria Upper

Respiratory tract

infection

Malaria Upper

Respiratory

tract infection

Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea

Upper

Respiratory

tract

infections

Malaria Upper

Respiratory

tract

infections

Malaria

Children < 5 Upper

Respiratory

tract

infections

Upper

Respiratory tract

infection

Upper

Respiratory

tract

infections

Upper

Respiratory

tract infection

Diarrhea Malaria Diarrhea Malaria

Malaria Diarrhea Malaria Diarrhea

Causes of morbidity in the last three months for inpatients

Leading causes of

morbidity

2016/2017 2017/2018


Adult > 18 N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Page | 23

Children < 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Note: The facility has no inpatient services

Funding

The center is funded by Ministry of health. At the time of visit, records were not accessed

because the records office was locked. The facility committee however pointed out that the

subordinate staffs are paid using the HSSF funds received from the County Government of

Turkana. It was noted that the facility receives little amount of money which is not enough to

effectively run the facility activities.

3.2.2. Kokuro Health Center

Brief background of the facility

The dispensary is located in Kokuro Centre, Lapur ward. It was started as a public dispensary

though the County Government has since upgraded it to a Health center, but it has not yet been

approved by the National Government Ministry of health services. Currently, the facility has 6

staff members. All are male.

Focus Group Discussion between the SIR team with the Kokuro Health Centre Management Committee

Infrastructure

Water serving the facility is outsourced and stored in water tanks from community water Supply

System. Water source is reliable throughout the year though was is not purified but the quality is

fresh ad soft.

Causes of morbidity in the last three months for outpatients

Leading causes of

morbidity

2016/2017 2017/2018


Adult > 18 Upper

Respiratory

Upper

Respiratory tract

Upper

Respiratory

Upper

Respiratory

Page | 24

tract

infection

infection tract

infection

tract infection

Malaria Malaria Malaria Malaria

Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea Diarrhea

Children < 5 Diarrhea Upper

Respiratory tract

infection

Diarrhea Upper

Respiratory

tract infection

Malaria Diarrhea Malaria Diarrhea

Upper

Respiratory

tract

infection

Malaria Upper

Respiratory

tract

infection

Malaria

Causes of morbidity in the last three months for inpatients

Leading causes of

morbidity

2016/2017 2017/2018


Adult > 18 N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Children < 5 N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

N/A N/A N/A N/A

Note: The facility has no inpatient services

Funding

The center is funded by Ministry of health. At the time of visit, there were no actual records of

funds received by the facility. The facility in charge was on a field visit to Merikuka center to

support Afya Timiza staff on Kimormor exercise.



Loruth

Dispensary

Acute staff shortage e.g. pharmacist Employ more staff

Gender mainstreaming by

employing a female nurse

Poor management of the facility

characterized by:

i. High levels of staff

abseentism

Capacity build the Management

Committee with skills on

management and administration

including conducting orientation

Page | 25

ii. The management

committee lacks capacity

on management and

administration skills

iii. Lack of team work

between the clinical

officers with the

management committee

on their roles and responsibilities




governance for improved service

delivery

Encourage team work among the

clinical officers with the

management committee including

the community health volunteers

Piped water not reaching the facility

The facility to apply for new

piping connection.

There is no security officer The facility in-charge to ensure

there is a security officer

There is need for a fence and solar

lighting Construction of the fence and

installation of solar lighting

systems

Lack of privacy at the maternity

room/ examination room

Provision of Curtain at the

delivery room/ examination room

Construction of maternity waiting

shelter which can also be used for

delivery

Lack of laboratory services

Recruitment of laboratory

personnel

Equip the lab

The facility lacks a toilet/ pit latrine,

placenta pit, incinerator and a

bathroom (They have been using the

latrine at the ECD centre)

Construction of a pit latrine,

placenta pit and a bathroom

Bedding facility are not enough

Addition of more bedding

Kokuro Health

Centre

Challenges facing the facility Recommendations

Lack of laboratory services

Equip the laboratory since the

facility already has a lab

technician

High levels of insecurity Ensure improved security in the

area

Poor management of the facility

characterized by:

i. High levels of staff

abseentism

ii. The management

committee lacks capacity

on management and

Capacity build the Management

Committee with skills on






Page | 26

administration skills

iii. Lack of team work

between the clinical

officers with the

management committee



delivery

Encourage team work among the

clinical officers with the

management committee including

the community health volunteers

No access to lighting system Establishment of the school‟s

lighting system since the school

already has installed solar panels.

Acute shortage of staff Gender mainstreaming by

employing a female nurse

Employ more staff

The maternity room has been

declared unfit for use by the PHO

without any recommendations since

the room has cracks and is at the

verge of falling

Follow up with the PHO for

recommendations

Renovation or construction of a

new maternity room

The facility lacks a fence Commence with the

establishment of the fence since

the materials have already been

supplied

Page | 27

CHAPTER 4

WATER AND SANITATION SECTOR


4.1.1 Water Resources and Quality

Turkana is generally a water scarce County. The main sources of water for domestic and

livestock include; Boreholes, Pans, Dams and Shallow wells, springs and roof catchments. Water

quality in the county is generally good.

Most water sources in the county are not protected hence contaminated. Human habitation along

Catchment areas, lack of proper sanitation and sewerage services in the major urban centers are

the main causes of water contamination.

4.1.2 Water Supply Schemes Water in major urban centres in the County is supplied and managed by the Lodwar Water and

Sanitation Company (LOWASCO) in collaboration with the County Water Directorate. The

major urban centers include; Lodwar, Kakuma, Lokichar, Lokichoggio, Kalemng‟orok and

Kainuk. Major rehabilitation and augmentation was carried out in all the water supplies under

LOWASCO and are currently operational with minimum setbacks.

Rural water supplies across the Counties are managed by respective water management

committees.

4.1.3 Water Sources The county has been classified as water scarce. The average distance to Water points is

approximately 20 kilometers in rural areas but it reduces in urban and market centers. The

following is a breakdown of the current water sources for domestic and livestock use in the

county;

Operational Boreholes

Water Pans

Springs

Others are various shallow wells owned by some community members and individuals

4.1.4 Sanitation Sanitation in the county is poor due to low latrine coverage as most people do not use pit latrines

Because of cultural beliefs. The public health department in collaboration with stakeholders

undertakes Chlorination of water sources through provision of chlorination tablets across the

county. The water Department also undertakes health education on sanitation, water treatment

and safe storage before consumption.

Page | 28

4.1.5 Funding The county funding information is summarized in the table below:

County Level

information

2016/2017 2017/ 2018 Notes /Remarks

Kenya

shillings

Kenya

shilling

DW1: Amount of

Fund received (Ksh)

DW1a: MoWI 814,000,000 646,319,693 Supplementary budget

DW1b: Water Trust

Fund 0 0 Anticipating 72 Million

DW1c: CDTF 0 0

DW1d: Others 0 605,000,000

Equalization fund through Rift Valley

Water Service Board


4.2.1 Loruth Water Supply System

Considered as rural facility, the water facility is located at the Loruth Center in Kaaleng Kaikor

ward, Kibish Sub County. The water is quality is saline. The water source is reliable.

2016/2017 2017/2018

Average supply per day in

dry season

100 liters/HH 100 liters/HH

Average supply in wet

season

60 liters/HH 60 liters/HH

Number of households using

the water

350 HHs 350 HHs

Number of livestock using

water

5000 shoats 3000 shoats

% of adult males drawing

water

20% 20%

%of females drawing water 30% 30%

%of female children <18

drawing water

30% 30%

% of male children <18

drawing water

20% 20%

Page | 29

100 100

60 60

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

2016/2017 2017/2018

loruth Average water supply in wet and dry season

average water supply per day in dry season average water supply per day in wet season

350 350

20 20 30 30 30 30 20 20

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2016/2017 2017/2018

loruth Household Information on Water

Number of HHs using water % of adult males drawing water

%of females drawing water %of female children <18 drawing water

% of male children <18 drawing water

Page | 30

4.2.2 Loruth Primary Hand Pump

Loruth Primary school hand pump

Considered as rural facility, the water facility is located at the Loruth Center in Kaaleng/Kaikor

ward, Kibish Sub County. The water is quality is saline.

2016/2017 2017/2018

Average supply per day in dry season 400 liters 400 liters

Average supply in wet season 400 liters 400 liters

Number of households using the water - -

Number of livestock using water - -

% of adult males drawing water - 7 = 88%

%of females drawing water - 1 = 12%

%of female children <18 drawing water - 260 = 55%

% of male children <18 drawing water - 207 = 45%

Page | 31

400 400 400 400

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2016/2017 2017/2018

loruth Average water supply in wet and dry season

Average water supply per day in dry season Average water supply in wet season

0 0 0

88

0

12

0

55

0

45

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

2016/2017 2017/2018

loruth Household Information on Water

Number of households using the water % of adult males drawing water



Page | 32

4.2.3 Kokuro Water Supply System

Kokuro water supply system

Considered as rural facility, the water facility is located at the Kokuro Center in Lapur ward,

Kibish Sub County. The water is quality is fresh. There‟s operational water tariffs.

2016/2017 2017/2018

Average supply per day in dry season 40 liters/HH/Day 40 liters/HH/Day

Average supply in wet season 200 liters/HH/Day 200/HH/Day

Number of households using the water 2024 People

337 HHs

2500 People

416 HHs

Number of livestock using water - -

% of adult males drawing water 1194 males

58%

1500 females

60%

%of females drawing water 42% 40%

%of female children <18 drawing water 35% 40%

% of male children <18 drawing water 65% 60%

Page | 33



Loruth Water

Supply System

Water pump is insufficient. When its

cloudy there is marked reduction of

the amount of water yielded

It will require a hybrid system

(solar and generator) to solve the

situation.

40

200

40

200

1 0

50

100

150

200

250

2016/2017 2017/2018

Kokuro Average water supply in dry and wet seasons

Average supply per day in dry season/HH/Day Average supply in wet season/HH/Day

337

416

58 60 42 40 35 40

65 60

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

2016/2017 2017/2018

Kokuro Household Information on Water

Number of households using the water % of adult males drawing water



Page | 34

Poor school management Capacity build the Water Users‟

Association with skills on








delivery

Loruth Primary

school borehole

Poor drainage system at Loruth

Primary School Borehole

Renovation of the borehole

drainage system

Kokuro Water

Supply

Challenges facing the facility Recommendations

Existence of notable defaulters such

as the Administration Police and

Health Center, from the monthly

tariffs. The last time the health

facility paid its tariff was in October

2017.

The Water Users‟ Committee

commence disconnection OF the

defaulters.

Poor school management Capacity build the Water Users‟

Association with skills on








delivery

CHAPTER 5

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Optimal staffing at education and health facilities should be addressed towards improving the

quality of available services. Strategies for timely interventions should be strengthened at facility

levels towards addressing immediate, medium term and long-term needs through strategic plans

and school infrastructure development plans.

Timely completion of ongoing structural works at facility levels is called for. Among these are

classrooms, administration blocks, staff houses, laboratory blocks, sanitation blocks and

perimeter fences. In follow up of agreed recommendations and conduct of subsequent SIR,

support is called for ensure that the issues raised are closed out to the desired conclusion by all

relevant and responsible authorities.

Adequate provision of essential supplies and nutritional supplements to health facilities on

regular basis should be informed by the by facility specific demands. Referral mechanisms and

handling of emergency cases require fast tracking through proper equipment such as ambulances

services.

Parents need to meet their obligations on timely acquisition of birth certificates as this has been

emphasized as a major area of compliance particularly by the Kenya National Examination

Council. This should form part of the agenda in school management committee sittings.

Religious leaders have a role to sensitize communities and congregations on the importance of

civil registry in safe guarding the basic rights of children and identity including legal protection

There is need to empower the local level communities on civic education in the following areas;

public finance management act and social accountability in order to encourage improve

governance for enhanced public service delivery.

END/-

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