CROSS‐CUTTING RELATIONSHIPS

Sequence of Events ‐

Steno's Laws

Nicholas Steno (1669)

• Principle of Superposition

• Principle of Original Horizontality

These laws apply to both sedimentary and volcanic rocks.

Principle of Superposition

In a sequence of undisturbed layered rocks, the oldest rocks are on the bottom.

Fig. 10.3

Principle of Original Horizontality

Layered strata are deposited horizontal or nearly horizontal or nearly parallel to the Earth’s surface.

Earth Issues 10.1

Sequence of Events

education.usgs.gov/lessons/schoolyard/CoolGeologyActivity.html

Cross‐cutting Relationships

earthscienceinmaine.wikispaces.com/11.2+Relative+Ages+of+Rocks

Cross‐cutting Relationships

evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIE1Whathappenedwhen.shtml

Cross‐cutting Relationships

evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIE1Whathappenedwhen.shtml

Cross‐cutting Relationships

volcano.oregonstate.edu/vwdocs/vwlessons/magma_pathways/act6.html

Fig. Story 10.11

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL WEATHERING

13_05b.JPG

13_10.JPG

13_04au.jpg

13_22.JPG

13_20.JPG

DEPOSITIONAL SYSTEMS

From: SEPM Sequence Stratigraphy Web: sepmstrata.org/exercises.html

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Submarine Canyons & Deep Sea Fans

USGS Image

Offshore Los Angeles

sepmstrata.org/deepwater/DeepwaterClasticArchitecture.html

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Clastic Depositional SystemsClastic Depositional Systems

sepmstrata.org/deepwater/DeepwaterClasticArchitecture.html

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Tide‐Dominated Niger Delta

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Geomorphologyof Coast

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Delta Morphology

“Clastic Hierarchies”Christopher G. St. C. Kendall

Meandering Fluvial System

Allen, 1964