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STRUCTURLAM CROSS LAMINATED TIMBER DESIGN GUIDE CrossLam TM by Structurlam
PAGE 1 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
STRUCTURLAM
CROSS LAMINATED TIMBERDESIGN GUIDE
CrossLamTM
b y S t r u c t u r l a m
PAGE 2 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Introduction
Introduction 2Carbon Footprint 2Our Approach 2Benefi ts of CrossLam 2Technical Approvals 2Panel Properties 3-4Appearance Classifi cation 4Connection Details 5-7Load Tables 8-11
Table of Contents
Carbon Footprint
Cross Laminated Timber (CLT) has been manufactured in Europe for over a decade. CLT is a revolutionary building system that substitutes for concrete, masonry and steel in some applications. Ideal for fl oors, walls, and roofs, CLT has been described as the perfect structural solution.
Structurlam has created its own line of Cross Laminated Timber called CrossLam®. Using layers of locally sourced softwood stacked at right angles and glued together, CrossLam® provides load distribution and dimensional stability in all directions.
With its cross-layered construction, reduced carbon foot-print, formaldehyde free adhesive and ready to assemble system, CrossLam® is the green choice for schools, health care facilities, public buildings, commercial buildings, and multi-family housing.
The contents of this guide provide technical information to allow architects and engineers to specify CrossLam®.
The environmental benefi ts of CrossLam® speak for themselves. Because CrossLam® is made of wood, it possesses a number of inherent positive environmental characteristics common to all wood products.
According to life cycle assessment studies, these benefi ts include carbon storage, lower greenhouse gas emissions during the manufacturing process, and an overall lighter environmental footprint than non-wood materials.
CrossLam® has many of the benefi ts that other building materials just don’t have.
Up to 6 times lighter than concrete. •Dimensional stability and static strength in •all directions.Cost competitive against steel and concrete. •Reduced construction time. •Space creator, 1/3 thinner than concrete. •Less demand for skilled workers on site. •
Benefi ts of CrossLam®
Technical ApprovalsCrossLam® is certifi ed to meet the requirements of the Standard for Performance Rated CLT ANSI/APA PRG 320 and the APA Product Report PR-L314, February 20, 2014.
Our ApproachCrossLam® has all the advantages of prefabricated buildings in addition to the Structurlam Advantage:
Our state of the art manufacturing facility allows us to •effi ciently produce large volumes of world class, certifi ed panels.Our planer can fi nish smooth all 4 sides to expose panel •surfaces and ensure a perfect fi t. Our Design Team can provide fully engineered design •solutions for fl oors, roof, walls, and all connection details. Our Installation Partners can install any size of project. •We manufacture panels using environmentally friendly •resins that are free from formaldehyde and colour. The Structurlam Team is here to make your project a •success.
PAGE 3 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Text in red indicates CrossLam® thickness advantage.
Architects and Designers can design with freedom.
Engineers receive a strong, stable building.
General Contractors receive a predictable experience on site.
Owners receive a green building that is on budget and on time.
Panel Properties
CLT Grade (b)
Name Layers Depth (in)
Weight (lbs) per
sq. ft
SLT3 3 3.90 10.5
SLT5 5 6.66 17.0
SLT7 7 9.42 25.0
SLT9 9 12.18 32.0
V2M1
Major Strength Direction Minor Strength DirectionFb Seff ,0
(lbf-ft/ft)EIeff ,0
(106 lbf-in.2/ft)
GAeff ,0(106
lbf/ft)
Vr,0(lbf/ft)
Fb Seff ,90(lbf-ft/
ft)
EIeff ,90(106 lbf-in.2/ft)
GAeff ,90(106 lbf/
ft)
Vr,90(lbf/ft)
1800 79 0.49 1,340 280 3.7 0.52 495
4,275 321 1.0 1,860 2,410 96 1.0 1,440
7,700 818 1.5 2,370 5,500 364 1.6 1,970
12,075 1,662 2.1 2,875 9,675 898 2.1 2,470
CLT Grade
Major Strength Direction Minor Strength Directionfb,0
(psi)E0
(106 psi) ft,0
(psi) fc,0
(psi) fv,0
(psi) fs,0
(psi) fb,90
(psi) E90
(106 psi) ft,90
(psi) fc,90
(psi) fv,90
(psi) fs,90
(psi)
V2M1 875 1.4 450 1,150 135 45 875 1.4 450 1,150 135 45
(a) Tabulated values are allowable design values and not permitted to be increased for the lumber size adjustment factor in accordance with the NDS.(b) The CLT grades are developed based on ANSI/APA PRG 320, as permitted by the standard using all visually graded No. 2 SPF lumber in both major and minor strength directions.
The Allowable Bending Capacities(a) for Structurlam’s CrossLam® CLT (for use in the US).
Allowable Design Properties(a) for Structurlam’s CrossLam® CLT (for use in the US).
(a) Tabulated values are allowable design values and not permitted to be increased for the lumber size adjustment factor in accordance with the NDS. The design values shall be used in conjunction with the section properties provided by the CLT manufacturer based on the actual layup used in manufacturing the CLT panel (see Table above).
FLOOR SLAB COMPARISON CROSSLAM® VS. CONCRETE
MAX SPANS CrossLam® PANEL
THICKNESS (in)SLAB THICKNESS
REQUIRED (in)
RATIO CLT/CONC THICKNESS
(%)
VIBRATION CONTROLLED
SPAN (ft)
CONCRETE SLAB ONE END CONT
dx24 (ft)
SLT3 3.90 5.91 66 10.67 7.32SLT5 6.66 7.87 85 14.94 12.50
SLT7 9.42 10.24 92 18.90 17.68SLT9 12.18 12.20 100 22.56 22.56
PAGE 4 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Maximum Panel Size 9’ 10.5” X 40’
Maximum Planed Panel Size 7’ 10.5” x 40’
Maximum Thickness 12.18”
Production Widths 7’ 10.5” & 9’ 10.5”
Panel Edges ¼” chamfer on long edges
Moisture Content 12% (+/-2%) at time of production
Glue Specifications Purbond polyurethane adhesive
Wood Species SPF No.1/No. 2, other species available upon request
Squareness Panel face diagonals shall not differ by more than 1/8”
Straightness Deviation of edges from a straight line between adjacent
panel corners shall not exceed 1/16”
Dimensional Tolerances
Thickness: +/- 1/16” or 2% of the panel thickness whichever is greater
Width: +/- 1/8” of the panel width
Length: +/- 1/4” of the panel length (40ft panel)
Panel Properties
VisualIntended use: • A structural CLT panel that is used where one or both faces are left exposed.Internal Fibre Layers:• SPF, NLGA Standard Grading Rules “No. 2 Structural” characteristics.Face Layer:• SPF, “J” Grade (Japanese Grade), Douglas-fir (L3 Grade).
Allowable Fibre CharacteristicsShake and checks: • Several up to 2 feet long, none through.Stain:• Up to a max of 5% blue stain, heart stain allowed.Knots:• Firm & Tight (NLGA #2) .Pitch Streaks:• Not limited.Wane on Face:• None.Side Pressure on Visual Face: • Yes.
Non-VisualIntended Use: • A structural CLT panel that is used where both faces are covered by another material. Internal Fibre Layers:• SPF, NLGA Standard Grading Rules “No. 2 Structural” characteristics.Face Layer:• SPF, NLGA Standard Grading Rules “No. 2 Structural” characteristics.
Allowable Fibre CharacteristicsShake and checks: • Allowed, shall not exceed 3’ or ¼ the length.Stain:• Allowed, not limited.Knots: • Firm & Tight (NLGA #2). Pitch Streaks: • Not limited.Wane on Face: • Minimal.S• ide Pressure on Faces: None.
Appearance Classification
PAGE 5 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
BASE POINT SOLE BRACKET
ONE ROW OF SELF TAPPING SCREWS ON
EACH SIDE OF JOINT INSERTED AT AN
ANGLE OF 15 DEGREES.
PLYWOOD SPLINE IS 1” THICK x 5” WIDE.
ONE ROW OF SELF TAPPING SCREWS.
STANDARD OVERLAP IS 31/2”.
SHEAR FORCE TRANSMISSION FROM
PANEL TO PANEL. SCREW SIZE AND
SPACING AS REQUIRED FOR APPLICATION.
CROSSLAM® PANEL.
BENT STEEL ANGLE. TWO ROWS OF
CONCRETE SCREWS FOR SHEAR FORCE
TRANSMISSION.
CONCRETE COMPONENT (WALL, CEILING,
SLAB).
MOISTURE PROTECTION PER PROJECT
REQUIREMENTS.
1
23
1
2
3
4
4
5
6
6
5
7
7
8
8
Connection Details - Floor/Roof Panel Joints
9
9
PAGE 6 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Connection Details - Panel to PanelTYPICAL WALL TO FLOOR CONNECTIONS
CROSSLAM® PANEL
OPTION FOR WALL INTERSECTION
JOINT SEALANT TYP
SELF TAPPING SCREW (Manufactured by: Assy,
Rothoblaas, SFS, Heco Topix, GRK, and Simpson
Strong Tie).
MINIMUM 3” LENGTH OF PENETRATION INTO
CONNECTED MEMBER.
BENT STEEL ANGLE. TWO ROWS OF SIMPSON
STRONG TIE ANGULAR RINGED NAILS STAGGER
EACH LEG.
FRAMING ANGLE. MINIMUM 1 AT EACH END OF
WALL AND MINIMUM 1 AT EACH DOOR OPENING.
12
3
4
5
6
7
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
PAGE 7 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Connection Details - Panel to Panel
ROOF EXTERNAL WALL JOINT
ANGLE WALL JOINT CORNER WALL JOINT T-WALL JOINT
1 2
3
4
5
SELF TAPPING SCREW.
MINIMUM 3” LENGTH OF PENETRATION INTO
CONNECTED MEMBER.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SCREW CONNECTIONS
DIMINISH FOR VERY SHALLOW ANGLES.
SCREWS ABSORB SHEAR FORCES PARALLEL
TO BEARING OR WIND SUCTION FORCES.
FOR INCREASED FORCES TOWARDS THE
INSIDE USE FULLY THREADED SCREWS.
1
2
3
4
5
PAGE 8 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
CrossLam® Roof Panel Load Table
MAX. SPAN (ft)
NON-SNOW LOAD 125%
(psf)SNOW LOAD 115% (psf)
PANEL TYPE
SIZE (in) 20 20 30 40 55 100
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/180 (5)
SLT3 3.90 14.80 19.53 14.80 19.53 13.73 17.73 12.90 16.44 11.94 15.03 10.11 12.24
SLT5 6.66 21.54 29.21 21.54 29.21 20.31 26.92 19.32 25.20 18.11 23.27 15.68 18.33
SLT7 9.42 26.95 37.36 26.95 37.36 25.73 34.89 24.70 32.95 23.40 29.76 20.64 23.81
SLT9 12.18 32.08 40.00* 32.08 40.00* 30.85 40.00* 29.78 39.28 28.41 35.73 25.37 29.01
SLT3 3.90 20.00* 20.00* 20.00* 20.00** 18.60 20.00* 17.48 18.11 15.90 15.90 12.24 12.24
SLT5 6.66 18.33 18.33
SLT7 9.42 *US CLT Handbook recommends L/300 for preliminary design.
**Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40ft - design as simple span using table values above.SLT9 12.18 dou
ble
span
sing
le s
pan
Notes: 1. For panel properties – see page 3. Span table assumes dry service conditions. 2. The following factors were used for calculations: CD=1.25 (non-snow) and CD=1.15 (snow); CM=1.0; Ct=1.0; CL=1.0. (ref: Table 1 – Chapter 3 – 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber).3. Span table above includes panel self-weight plus 10psf miscellaneous dead load. [Ref: International Building Code 2012 - art. 1607.5]. Full deadloads were assumed. 4. Values in left column (green) correspond to a span governed by allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by time dependant deflection (creep - calculated using the following factor: Kcr=2) limit of L/300. 5. Values in right column correspond to maximum span governed by either allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by dead plus live load deflection limit of L/180. 6. Spans shown represent distance between the centerlines of supports and are to be used for preliminary design only.7. Spans are assumed to be equal for double span panels.8. Engineer of Record to ensure that assumed deflection limit is appropriate for intended use.9. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Therefore the presented values must only be used for bending of panels in the longitudinal (major) axis.10. Structurlam recommends considering long term deflection (creep) according to the proposed design method included in the 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber.11. For applications with deflection limits or loading different than what is included above, contact your Structurlam sales representative.
Roof
PAGE 9 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
CrossLam® Floor Panel Load TableMAX. SPAN (ft) FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)
PANEL TYPE
SIZE (in)
40 Residential
50 Offi ce/
Classroom
75 Mechanical
Room
100 Assembly/
Storage
150 Library
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
SLT3 3.90 11.50 13.60 11.43 12.94 10.43 11.70 9.70 10.71 8.64 9.06SLT5 6.66 16.22 21.07 16.22 20.14 16.12 17.88 15.10 16.10 13.60 13.71SLT7 9.42 20.42 27.75 20.42 26.16 20.42 23.14 19.95 20.98 18.10 18.01SLT9 12.18 24.35 33.32 24.35 31.56 24.35 28.14 24.35 25.63 22.14 22.14SLT3 3.90 11.50 14.83 11.50 13.81 11.50 11.97 10.71 10.71 9.06 9.06SLT5 6.66 16.22 20.00** 16.22 20.00** 16.22 17.88 16.10 16.10 13.71 13.71SLT7 9.42
SLT9 12.18doub
le s
pan
sin
gle
span
Floor
CrossLam® Floor Panel Load Table (with 2” concrete topping)MAX. SPAN (ft) FLOOR LIVE LOAD (psf)
PANEL TYPE
SIZE (in)
40Residential
50 Offi ce/
Classroom
75 Mechanical
Room
100 Assembly/
Storage
150 Library
L/300*(4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
L/300* (4)
L/240 (5)
SLT3 3.90 10.26 12.37 9.95 11.90 9.32 10.93 8.81 9.95 8.03 8.58SLT5 6.66 15.90 19.28 15.48 18.31 14.60 16.41 13.86 15.00 12.73 13.01SLT7 9.42 20.41 24.82 20.40 23.66 19.34 21.36 18.46 19.62 17.05 17.13SLT9 12.18 24.31 30.05 24.31 28.73 23.94 26.08 22.92 24.05 21.10 21.10
SLT3 3.90 11.50 12.98 11.50 12.28 10.93 10.93 9.95 9.95 8.58 8.58SLT5 6.66 16.22 19.28 16.22 18.31 16.22 16.41 15.00 15.00 13.01 13.01SLT7 9.42 20.00** 20.00** 20.00** 20.00** 20.00** 20.00** 19.62 19.62 17.13 17.13
SLT9 12.18 dou
ble
span
s
ingl
e sp
an
Notes:1. For panel properties – see page 3. Span table assumes dry service conditions.2. The following factors were used for calculations: CD=1.0; CM=1.0; Ct=1.0; CL=1.0. (ref: Table 1 – Chapter 3 – 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber).3. Span table above includes panel self-weight, 20psf for the concrete topping plus 20psf miscellaneous dead load, and a 15psf partition load. (Ref: International Building Code 2012 - art. 1607.5.)4. Values in left column (green) correspond to a span governed by allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by either allowable vibration (bolded text - calculated according to chapter 7 of the 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook) or by time dependant defl ection (creep - calculated using the following factor: Kcr=2) limit of L/300. 5. Values in right column correspond to maximum span governed by either allowable bending stress, allowable shear stress or by dead plus live load defl ection limit of L/240. 6. Spans shown represent distance between the centerlines of supports and are to be used for preliminary design only.7. Spans are assumed to be equal for double span panels.8. Engineer of Record to ensure that assumed defl ection limit is appropriate for intended use.9. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Therefore the presented values must only be used for bending of panels in the longitudinal (major) axis.10. Structurlam recommends considering vibration and long term defl ection (creep) according to the proposed design method included in the 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber.11. For applications with defl ection limits or loading diff erent than what is included above, contact your Structurlam sales representative.
18.0118.01*US CLT Handbook recommends L/300 for preliminary design.
**Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40ft - design as simple span using table values above.
*US CLT Handbook recommends L/300 for preliminary design.
**Span is governed by maximum panel length of 40ft - design as simple span using table values above.
PAGE 10 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
WallCrossLam® Wall Panel Load Table (Axial Loading Only)
Panel d (in) SLT3 SLT5 SLT7 SLT93.90 6.66 9.42 12.18
L (ft) Pr (lbs/ft)
6 31062 51778 71115 90263
8 26993 50462 70352 89724
10 21381 48275 69224 88968
12 16393 44782 67581 87938
14 12688 39887 65209 86551
16 10021 34344 61864 84689
18 29124 57440 82206
20 24667 52187 78947
22 21005 46663 74823
24 18028 41385 69917
26 15603 36626 64514
28 32464 58993
30 28871 53670
Notes: 1. For panel properties – see page 3. Table assumes dry service conditions.2. The following factors were used for calculations: CD=1.0; CM=1.0; Ct=1.0 (ref: Table 1- Chapter 3 - 2013 US Edition of the CLT Handbook: cross-laminated timber).3. Panel ends condition are assumed as pinned (Kz=11.8, ref: Table 2 - Chapter 3 - 2013 US Edition of the CLT Hand book: cross-laminated timber).4. Eccentricity of axial load and wind loading has not been included.5. Pr = Φ Fcb A Kzc KC. Where the Pr values are not given, the slenderness ratio exceeds 50 (maximum permitted; AWC NDS 2012).6. Engineer of Record to ensure that assumed compression resistance is appropriate for intended use.7. CLT is NOT an isotropic material. Therefore the presented values must only be used for compression of panels in the longitudinal (major) axis.8. For applications different than what is included above, contact your Structurlam sales representative.
PAGE 11 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
Shear Wall and Diaphragm Applications CrossLam® In-Plane Allowable Shear Capacity
Panel d (in) SLT33.90
SLT56.66
SLT79.42
SLT912.18
Vr (lbs/ft)
2906 5812 8718 11624
Notes: 1. For panel properties – see page 3. Table assumes dry service conditions.2. The following factors were used for calculations: kmod = 0.8; ym = 1.25. 3. Computed values based on “In-Plane Shear Capacity and Verifi cation Methods” by Prof. G. Schickhofer, University of Graz.4. Minimum width of wood used in lay-up is 3.5”.5. Values are for CrossLam® panel only, not for shear connectors.6. Table values are to be used for preliminary design only.7. Engineer of Record to ensure that assumed shear capacity is appropriate for intended use.8. For applications diff erent than what is included above, contact your Structurlam sales representative.
PAGE 12 - CrossLam® Design Guide Imperial Ver. 11
www.structurlam.com
BC Interior, AB, SK, MB Pacifi c Canada & International Dave Gardner Colin Chornohus2176 Government St. 200-9292 200th St. Penticton, BC Langley, BC Canada V2A 8B5 Canada V1M 3A6 t: 250 492 8912 t: 604 455 0709 f: 250 492 8906 f: 604 882 7300 e: [email protected] e: [email protected]
ON, QC, Atlantic Canada & Residential USA CommercialRon McDougall Kris Spickler2176 Government St. 4120 Douglas Blvd. #306-502Penticton, BC Granite Bay, CACanada V2A 8B5 USA 95746 t: 250 492 8912 t: 916 797 5588 f: 250 492 8906 c: 916-759-9320 e: [email protected] e: [email protected]
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