CSC1201: PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE 2

Aseel Al Hadlaq

2nd Term 2014

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OBJECTIVES

• Programming languages Overview

• C++ Overview

• Data Types

• Control Statements

• Function

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PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

OVERVIEW

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PROGRAMMING METHODOLOGIES

Structured Programming Ex: C, Pascal, Fortran

Object-Oriented Programming(OOP) Ex: C++, Java

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STRUCTURED PROGRAMMING

Dividing a problem into smaller sub problems.

Each sub problem is solved.

Combine all the sub solutions to solve the overall problem.

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OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

1. Identify components called objects, which form the basis of the solution.

Ex.: Suppose you want to write a program that automates the book rental process for a local book store.

The two main objects in this problem are book and customer.

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OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

2. Determine how these objects interact with one another.

Specify for each object:

Relevant data

Ex: title, author, publisher, retail cost

Operations to be performed on that data.

Ex: Checking the title of the book.

Reducing the number of copies in stock by one after a copy is rented.

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OBJECT-ORIENTED PROGRAMMING

• This illustrates that each object consists of data and operations on that data.

• An object combines data and operations on the data into a single unit.

• In OOD, the final program is a collection of interacting objects.

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OO FEATURES

• Allow you to organize your program more effectively

By decomposing a problem into its essential parts.

Each component becomes a self contained object that contains its own instructions and data related to that object.

• All object oriented programming languages have three things in common:

encapsulation

polymorphism

Inheritance

.

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C++ OVERVIE

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FIRST C++ PROGRAM

• A program can contain one or many functions

• Must always have a function called “main”.

• The main function is the starting point of all C++ programs

• The compiler will not compile the code unless it finds a function called “main” within the program.

Function declaration:

FuncType FuncName(Type arg1, Type arg2, Type argN)

{ function body }

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“HELLO WORLD” PROGRAM

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main ()

{

cout << “Hello World\n”;

Return 0;

}

• include information from standard input/output library iostream.

• The instruction is more properly called a “pre-processor” instruction

• The # hash character starts the line to denote a pre-processor instruction

• Library name must be enclosed by < and > angled brackets.

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DATA T

YPES

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DATA TYPES

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KEYWORDS

• They cannot be used as variables or other user-defined elements like functions

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ESCAPE SEQUENCES

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The name reflects the fact that the backslash causes an “escape” from the normal way the character is interpreted.

DECLARING AND INITIALIZING VARIABLES

To declare variables for example

int first, second;

char ch;

double x;

bool flag;

To declare and initialize variables for example

int first = 13, second = 10;

char ch = ‘A’;

double x = 12.6;

bool flag = true;

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INPUT (READ) STATEMENT

The syntax of cin together with >> is:

cin >> variable>> variable;

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OUTPUT

• The syntax of cout together with << is:

• cout << expression << expression;

• The expression is evaluated and its value is printed at the current insertion point on the output device.

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EXAMPLE

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WORKING WITH STRING

The C++ <string> class provides methods to manipulate strings of text.

This is an example of Declaring and initializing a string variable

#include <string>

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main( )

{

string str = "C++ is fun”;

}

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N O U F A L J A F F A N ( C ) 2 0 1 2 - C S C 1 2 0 1 C O U R S E AT K S U

CONTROL STA

TEMENTS

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IF STATEMENT

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IF .. ELSE STATEMENT

EXAMPLE : IF..ELSE STATEMENT

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SW

ITC

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SW

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EXAMPLE: SWITCH STRUCTURES

}

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char letter;

cout << "Enter any a-z character: "; cin >> letter;

switch(letter) { case 'a' :

cout << "Letter \'a\' found\n"; break;

case 'b' : cout << "Letter \'b\' found\n"; break;

case 'c' : cout << "Letter \'c\' found\n"; break;

default : cout << "Letter is not a, b or c\n"; } return 0;

FO

R LO

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The for loop execute part of the code a fixed number of times

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EX

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PLE

: FO

R LO

OP

#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int main()

{int i,num;cout<<"enter any number: ";cin>>num;for ( i=1 ; i<=10 ; i++ ){cout << endl << num << "*“ << i << "=“ << num*i <<

endl;}

return 0;

}

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WH

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EXAMPLE: WHILE LOOP

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RELATIONAL OPERATORS IN C++

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LOGICAL OPERATORS IN C++

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