Bachelor of Quantity Surveying (Honours)

Construction Supply Chain Management[MGT 60803]

Group Assignment March 2017

Group Member : Ng Chuan Kai 0323738: Loh Wen Jun 0323551: Lettitia Lois Hiew 0323908: Tan Jia San 0322046: Chin Ke Ni 0324021

Lecturer : Ms. Tay Shir MenSubmission Date : 13th July 2017 ( Week 14)

ContentNo. Content Page1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BIM 1-2

2.0 3D MODEL : VISUALIZATION MODEL 3-5

3.0 4D MODEL: TIME MODEL 6-7

4.0 5D MODEL : COST MODEL 8-10

5.0 6D MODEL : ENERGYMODEL 11-15

6.0 7D MODEL : FACILITY MANAGEMNT 16-18

7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 19

8.0 REFERENCES 20

1.0 INTRODUCTION TO BIM

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is one of the hottest topics in

construction, and more and more projects are “doing BIM”. BIM is an intelligent 3D

model-based process that equips architecture, engineering, and construction

professionals with the tools to a more efficiently plan, design, construct, and manage

buildings and infrastructure.. They support design through its phases, allowing better

analysis,and control than manual processes.

BIM offers enormous gains in saving in cost and time, much greater accuracy in

estimation, and the avoidance of error, alterations and rework due to information loss.

But adopting BIM involves much more than simply changing the software we use. It

also brings the opportunity to try out solutions in advance before building the

structure on site : with a constructable model , the structure can be prototyped

virtually. It helps the project company and developers understand and review the

design detail with high accuracy .

The main benefits of using BIM is BIM data can be used to illustrate the entire

building life-cycle, from cradle to cradle, from inception and design to demolition and

materials reuse. Spaces, systems, products and sequences can be shown in relative

scale to each other and , in turn, relative to the entire project.

A BIM object is a combination of many things :

1. Information content that defines a product

2. Product properties, such as thermal performance

3. Geometry representing the product’s physical characteristics

4. Visualisation data giving the object a recognisable appearance

5. Functional data, such as detection zones, that enables the object to be

positioned and behave in the same manner as the product itself.

The dimensions of BIM ranging from 3D to 7D and each dimensions

providing different services addition to the project, which are visualisation model

(3D), time model (4D), cost model (5D), energy model (6D) and facilities

management (7D). Each dimensions of BIM will house each chapter, where the

services and software available for the BIM dimensions as well as the advantages and

costs of BIM to construction supply chain management are discussed in detail.

2.0 3D MODEL : VISUALIZATIONMODEL

2.1 Services Provided by BIM 3D

3D BIM is an integrated data model from which various stakeholders such as

Architects, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, MEP System Engineers, Builders,

Manufacturers and Project Owners can extract and generate views and information

according to their needs. It is very helpful as it enables participants to not only view

the building in 3D, but also automatically update these views along the project life

cycle. BIM 3D helps to manage the multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively

in modelling and analysing complex spatial and structural problems.

3D BIM also provide simple simulation and automatically update these views

along with the project life cycle, from the beginning until the final stage of the

construction. This animations can be used as a good marketing tool for the buyer to

have better understanding on the construction progresses.

3D BIM involves laser scanning and Ground Penetration Radar (GPR)

conversions. BIM 3D driven prefabrication ensure the prefabricated components will

fit once on-site. Thus, moving construction work to a warehouse environment

greatly reduces the cost of redo and reconstruction. Furthermore, it has a clash

detection to spot “clashes” at an early stage in the construction project.

2.2 LIST OF SOFTWARE FOR 3D MODELLING

2.2. 1 Architecture

1. Graphisoft ArchiCAD

2. Gehry Technologies – Digital Project Designer

3. Bentley Architecture

4. CADSoft Envisioneer

5. Autodesk Revit

6. Softtech Spirit

7. RhinoBIM (BETA)

8. Nemetschek Vectorworks Architect

9. Nemetschek Allplan Architecture

10. 4MSA IDEA Architectural Design (IntelliCAD)

2.2.2 Sustainability

1. Graphisoft EcoDesigner

2. Bentley Tas Simulator

3. Bentley Hevacomp

4. DesignBuilder

5. Autodesk Ecotect Analysis

6. Autodesk Green building Studio

7. IES Solutions Virtual Environment VE-Pro

2.2.3 Structures

1. Autodesk Revit Structure

2. Bentley Structural Modeler

3. Bentley RAM, STAAD and Prosteel

4. CypeCAD

5. Tekla Structures

6. Graytec Advance Design

7. Nemetschek Scia

8. 4MSA Strad and Steel

9. Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis

10. StructureSoft Metal Wood Framer

2.2.4 Mep

1. Autodesk Revit MEP

2. Bentley Hevacomp Mechanical Designer

3. 4MSA FineHVAC + FienLIFT + FineELEC + FineSANI

4. Gehry Technologies – Digital Project MEP Systems Routing

5. CADMEP ( CADduct / CADmech)

2.3 ADVANTAGES TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN

3D BIM involves rendering, walk through and laser scanning which produces

detailed design, assemblies, structural design , MEP design and specifications of a

building. This enable us to visualize the resource flow status, provide the accurate

information that can reduce errors. It helps participants to manage their

multidisciplinary collaboration more effectively in modelling and analysing complex

spatial and structural problems. By collecting accurate data along the project life cycle,

and stored in the software, new value can be added to predictive models allowing to

resolve issues proactively. Furthermore, it can provide a detailed take off in an early

phase of the procurement process of the construction supply chain management

accurately. It reduces errors that will also reduce the project completion times and

construction cost.

2.4 DISADVATAGES AND COST

3D Modelling is implemented at the initial phase of the construction project,

which covers procurement and design phase. The implementation of 3D BIM can use

increased in time spent in the project life cycle . Furthermore, it also requires high

cost spent. BIM software required a substantial investment in new technology

therefore cost of software is very high. BIM requires more effort as it requires more

skilled labours such as designer and contractors to work together to create the

collaborative model. The lack of experts is also one of the disadvantages of 3D BIM ,

where the BIM software is relatively new, therefore there are limited numbers of

experts working in the field. The software purchased may require an additional

investment in training and education. Furthermore, the use of BIM requires significant

training and as with any software programme there are costs associated with the

software such as purchasing, licensing and training.

3.0 4D MODEL: TIME MODEL3.1 Services Provide by BIM 4D

4D-BIM is used for construction site planning related activities, such as project

phrasing and scheduling. It allows participants to extract and visualize the progress of

their activities through the lifetime of the project.

The utilization of 4D-BIM technology can result in improved control over

conflict detection or over the complexity of changes occurring during the course of a

construction project. 4D-BIM provides methods for managing and visualizing site

status information, change impacts as well as supporting communication in various

situations such as informing site staff or warning about risks.

Construction sequences can be reviewed as a series of problems using 4D-BIM,

enabling users to explore options, manage solutions and optimize results. It enables

construction product development, collaborative and transparent project

implementation, partnering with the supply chain and production of components.

With the help of schedule visualization, participants will be able to make sound

decisions and changes to the project based on multiple sources of accurate real-time

information. 4D-BIM show the critical path and the dependency of project sequences

in chart form. When happen that there is some changes in the project design,

advanced BIM model will automatically identify all the chances that will affect the

critical path and will indicate what the corresponding impact will be on the overall

delivery of the project.

3.2 List of Software for 4D Modelling

1. Autodesk Navisworks

2. Vico Office Suite

3. Synchro Professional

4. iTWO

5. Bentley Navigator

3.3 Advantages to Construction Supply Chain Management (CSCM)

BIM visualization capability allows the generation of reports and alerts

graphically. Therefore, the time required to provide a list of all the materials is largely

diminished and, instead of using statistics reports, the 3D visualization of the

materials status is displayed at any specified time by comparing the incoming quantity

and the planned quantity to date. A lot of BIM tools provide scheduling functionality

and simple functions to link construction schedule to the 3D model, allowing

visualization of the sequential construction of the building. When material status

cannot be easily seen on a construction site due to physical obstacles, computer-aided

visualization is needed to facilitate reporting of process status. The visual report

produced by BIM can early demonstrate the availability of materials and their final

locations, which ultimately facilitate monitoring and properly provide process

transparency.

3.4 Disadvantages and Costs

BIM can disrupt the general procurement and construction process when ordering

items that require a long lead time. For example, a contractor may need to order

material based on the dimensions of the design. Ordering material may need to take

weeks or months. If the dimensions change, it may occur when multiple contractors

are inputting information into a model on a continual basis, the contractor may be left

with insufficient time to order the material. Another challenges of implementing BIM

is to manage resource and information, after the complete implementation of BIM and

network based integration. The company that is implementing BIM has to make sure

that the suppliers and subcontractors will lead to management of more information.

Furthermore, mapping and management of resources is still done in a traditional way.

New legal and construal processes are to be in place for the successful

implementation of BIM. The firm has to select an experienced and skilled partner that

can support with proficiency, experience, knowledge and resources.

4.0 5D MODEL : COST MODEL

SERVICES PROVIDED BY BIM 5D

5D BIM is an integration of design with estimating, scheduling, and costing,

including generation of Bills of Quantities, and derivation of productivity rates and

labour costs. It is the process of producing accurate cost estimates from the

components of the information model.

Furthermore, 5D BIM is used for budget tracking and cost analysis related

activities. It is associated with both 3D and 4D, which allows the users to visualize the

construction activities and its related costs over time. The dominant models in 5D

BIM are Quantity Extraction, Prefabrication Solution, Real Time Conceptual Model,

Trade Verification, Cost Planning and Value Engineering.

Besides that, it provides methods for extracting and analyzing costs, evaluating

scenarios and changes impacts. Costs data can be added to each object item enabling

the 5D BIM model to generate a rough estimation and material cost calculation, which

eases the user in conducting the value engineering. The utilization of 5D BIM

technology can result in a greater accuracy and predictability of project’s estimates,

scope changes and materials, equipment or manpower changes. With the use of 5D

BIM, users will be able to generate an array of essential estimating information faster

and more accurately, such as materials quantities, costs, sizes, area estimates and

productivity projections. If there are changes in the project, the estimating information

will automatically adjust, thus allowing a better construction productivity.

LIST OF SOFTWARES FOR 5D MODELLING

1. Autodesk Navisworks

2. Bentley ConstrucSim

3. Glue (by Horizontal System)

4. Innovaya

5. Solibri Model Checker

6. Synchro Professional

7. Tekla BIMSight

8. Vela Field BIM

9. Vico Cost Explorer

HOW 5D BIM IMPROVES CSCM

5D BIM is able to develop a more efficient, cost effective, and sustainable

construction. It makes it possible to define discrete quantifiable elements to show

detailed material and component properties. BIM is a multifaceted integrator of

processes for the monitoring and control of materials in the construction supply chain.

BIM supports the material flows in construction by reinforcing the existing and

establishing new communication protocols and feedback mechanisms between the

design and construction teams. For example, BIM ensures accurate feedback channels

in remote construction projects or monitors the supply chains by integrating tracking

technologies to enhance the visibility during the material delivery. Likewise, BIM is

also used for calculating the cash flows and strengthening the feasibility and control

of projects cost analysis.

DISADVANTAGES OF 5D BIM

The lack of inter-operability is a barrier to use 5D BIM as there is no smooth

exchange of information across all BIM disciplines involved. The fragmented

construction industry causes the vendors to often run the software in proprietary type

of formats that restricts the exchange of critical building data between multiple

organizations.

When it comes to cost information, the incompatibility between the BIM model

and estimating platforms is seen as a major barrier to 5D BIM implementation.

Although IFC standards is generated to create neutral file format, but if without

complete inter-operability, items such as estimates and schedules of quantities will be

missed. Furthermore, lack of integration in the model will result in difficulties in

model costs for the project. This is due to parties in the industry works separately and

thus the information required for BIM is also separated and the integration of

information takes time to be integrated properly.

5.0 6D MODEL : ENERGYMODEL

6D BIM facilitates the implementation of energy analysis for buildings. Use 6D

allows for more accurate and comprehensive energy analysis of the building already

at an early stage of the design process. It also allows you to measure and verify the

data on the stage of use of the building in such areas as real energy demand for the

building.

Advantages to CSCM

-Based on the simulation model created on the basis of collected data we raise the

relevance and quality of the projects, which translates into reduced power

consumption. The utilization of 6D-BIM technology can result in more complete and

accurate energy estimates earlier in the design process. It also allows for measurement

and verification during building occupation, and improved processes for gathering

lessons learned in high performance facilities.

"6D BIM is the linking of attribute data to support Facilities Management and

built asset operation"

These data could include details about the

components manufacturer, when it was

installed, the necessary maintenance that it

requires and when, how to operate it at its

optimum level to enhance performance or

conserve energy, and its expected lifespan.

“Once linked into the information model, 6D data can support decision making during

the design process and the operation of the built asset once it’s in use.

At delivery phase, it enables design teams to consider their impact of their proposals

over a built asset’s lifecycle, simulating outcomes and anticipated costs. But the value

advantage lies in the use of that data to support the operational phase. At handover,

project teams can pass their complete data set over to the end-user. The digital model

offers them a more controlled, accessible and easily navigable way of managing their

information.

With this data on maintenance, lifespans and energy performance to hand, operators

can determine the costs of those activities and create spend profiles over a built asset’s

life, pre-planning maintenance activities years in advance. It helps them adopt a

completely planned and pro-active approach to facility management and operation as

opposed to a reactive one when unexpected events and costs can crop up at any

moment.

HOW TO OPTIMIZE THE ENERGY CONSUMPTION

Sustainability

6D-BIM (sixth-dimensional building information modelling) helps perform energy

consumption analyses.

Benefits

Integrating BIM with 6D CAD simulation models leads to an overall reduction in

energy consumption to the construction industry.

Software for 6-D Modelling

Autodesk Revit

Revit is software for BIM. Its powerful tools let you use

the intelligent model-based process to plan, design, construct, and manage buildings

and infrastructure. Revit supports a multidiscipline design process for collaborative

design.

Design

Model building components, analyse and simulate

systems and structures, and iterate designs. Generate

documentation from Revit models.

Collaborate

Multiple project contributors can access centrally

shared models. This results in better coordination,

which helps reduce clashes and rework.

Visualize

Communicate design intent more effectively to project

owners and team members by using models to create

high-impact 3D visuals

BIM 360 Glue

BIM 360 Glue is a cloud-based BIM coordination service that

provides virtually anytime, anywhere access to connected project information. Use

BIM 360 Glue for construction visualization to help you perform multidisciplinary

collaboration and coordination review cycles faster, while making construction layout

tasks more efficient

BIMXCHANGE

The BIMXchange is a Cloud based content

management system. This tool was created with Architects, Engineers, and

Contractors in mind. Revit is an incredibly complex and demanding design

application. Due to this complexity users must precisely input accurate data.

Real-world timelines typically do not allocate time for careful data entry.

BIMXchange utilizes the ENGworks Cloud to store, search, and deliver Revit

content. The ENGworks Revit Libraries have been optimized for searching and

insertion in to your project.

BIMXchange runs within the Revit application. Since the browser is web-based, all

content easily downloads and instantly appears in any Revit project. As the

application evolves through content additions, updates, and browser enhancements,

users will receive email alerts immediately. All information is stored in the

ENGworks Cloud, so no effort is needed from the engineer to organize or manage

data

YouBIM- BIM to Facilities Management

YouBIM utilizes a 3D immersive environment for

navigating your property. Facility maintenance needs can be identified and assigned

faster than ever before, while providing the facility technician with complete

information about the service environment. As a function of maintaining a

facility, YouBIM harvests the metadata from the source BIM model and allows the

attachment of OEM (Oracle Enterprise Manager) documents to smart objects in the

BIM dataset. This provides instant access to critical information regarding specific

building components.

Disadvantages and Costs

Incompatibility with partners

BIM is not yet fully utilized among construction industry. There is always the

possibility that one of your partners or subcontractors may not use BIM and may not

be able to use your models.

Cost of software

BIM software requires a substantial investment in new technology. The advantages

usually make the investment worthwhile, but only if the software is used to its full

capacity.

Lack of experts

The relative newness of BIM means that there are limited numbers of experts working

in the field. Your software purchase may require an additional investment in training

and education.

6.0 7D MODEL : FACILITY MANAGEMNT

6.1 Services Provided by BIM 7D

7D BIM is also known as seventh-dimensional building information

modelling.7D also is the "as-built" BIM model which is important as part of the

handover process to the building owner. This model is a fundamental part of the ROI

for BIM as it provide accurate Facilities Management (FM) and Asset Management

(AM). It is used by managers in the process management or operation and

maintenance of the facility throughout its operation or its life cycle.

The seventh dimension of BIM allows participants to extract,store and track

relevant asset data such as component status,technical specifications, maintenance

schedule or operation manuals, warranty data and so on.Each part within the building

will have a lifespan and in the event of replacement, the easy identification of parts

ensures that these processes may be performed efficiently.Such an approach to the

facility management process not only improves the whole process, but also improves

the quality of services in this area.

6.2 LIST OF SOFTWARE FOR 7D MODELLING

6.2.1 Facility Management

1.Bentley Facilities

2.FM:Systems FM:Interact

3.Vintocon ArchiFM (For ArchiCAD)

4.Onuma System

5.EcoDomus

6.3 ADVATAGES TO CONSTRUCTION SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT

7D BIM could reduced cost and time needed to collect and build CMMS, CAFM

and BAS systems.It also improved data quality in FM systems so that paper files not

required . Furthermore,reduced cost and time needed to address equipment problems .

It has a better building and equipment performance such as reliability and energy use.

It use of integrated system to plan building modifications.Below shows some

application of 7D BIM advantages.

6.3.1 Preventative Maintenance Scheduling

7D BIM can be used to plan and track maintenance activities proactively and

appropriately by using the information about the building structure and equipment

used in the facility. This type of preventative maintenance activities will help improve

building performance, reduce corrective maintenance and emergency maintenance

repairs and increase productivity of maintenance staff.

6.3.2 Sustainability Analysis

7D BIM integrated with other analysis & evaluation tools are used to track building

performance data, which can be compared with specified sustainable standards to

identify the flaws in the building systems. Facility’s sustainability program can be

improved to better match the sustainability goals.

6.3.3 Asset Management

Assets of a building consist of the physical building, its systems, equipment and

surrounding environment. Asset management is essential in short-term and long-term

planning for proper upkeep of building assets. The bi-directional Building

Information Modelling (BIM) integration into asset management software can help in

better visualization of assets and aid in the maintenance and operation of a facility.

6.3.4 Space Utilization Management

Facility professionals and department liaisons can utilize BIM to effectively manage,

track and distribute appropriate spaces and related resources within a facility. BIM

space management application turns out to be beneficial in planning renovation

projects and future needs, allocating space for proper usage of each corner of the

building and tracking the impact of proposed changes.

6.3.5 Disaster & Emergency Planning

7D BIM can provide critical building information to improve the efficiency of disaster

response plans and minimize any risk. BIM can be integrated with building

automation system (BAS) to display where the emergency is located within a building,

to find possible routes to the affected area and to locate other dangerous areas within

the building during such emergencies.

6.4 DISADVANTAGES AND COST

7D BIM required an expert that has management skills.It need skills that manage

the process or operation and maintenance of the facility throughout its operation or its

life cycle.Furthermore,the initial cost is high for getting the software and license .

Front-end costs during design is needed which the construction and turnover to enter

data into BIM model that will be needed by FM systems.On-going cost is needed to

update BIM and FM systems too to reflect changes to building and systems. In

addition, there might be some equipment or software breakdowns that will delay the

process of management and have additional cost for repairing and cost of

delay.Moreover,it also need trained employees to operate the software which now

there are limited experts has these knowledge.

7.0 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Technology has always played a key role in the architecture, engineering and

construction industries, especially in terms of product and building design and with

government initiatives now in full swing, this has been a huge catalyst for the use of

technology and 3D simulation software in the sector.

The strategy now dictates that on government procured building projects,

collaborative 3D BIM must be used.With a constant pressure to complete projects on

time and on budget, regardless of size, managers in the industries have to work

collaboratively and build teams that perform to a high standard and work together to

design and deliver anything from microprocessors to jet turbines to the iconic

buildings of the future.

And that is where interactive technology systems come into their own for

professionals seeking to improve BIM processes in their organisation.The reduction in

errors and in design clashes have been mentioned as ways BIM will significantly

improve design processes.

However, developers are particularly interested in optimisation of building

efficiencies so that they can provide sustainable building designs. They also want to

know how the building will perform after commissioning, and then how it will

operate throughout it’s lifetime.Perhaps the most important contribution to

sustainability is using BIM to eliminate waste throughout the building’s lifecycle.

Modern, high-tech, intelligent buildings are complex models comprising many

systems and processes which interact with each other.

8.0 REFERENCES

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