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CTET REET UPTET MP Samvida BTETUTET, JTET HTET

CGTET HPTET

LEVEL-I Ed§ LEVEL-II narjm hoVw

Part 1

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~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ

Part 1

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Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a nyd© VWm ~mX H$s g‘ñV pñW{V¶m| H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIH$a h‘Zo H«$‘dma BgH$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$s h¡& EH$

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{H$ ~mb AnamY H$mo ~‹T>mdm {‘bVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, CZH$s ì¶p³VJV

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H$s CnbpãY H$m ‘mnZ ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m Ho$db EH$ n[aM¶ Zht ~pëH$ h‘mar ‘yb^yV g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ h¡& {ejm

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àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&


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H«$‘ g§»¶m AÜ¶m¶ n¥îR> g§»¶m

1. ~mb {dH$mg 1-11

2. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg 12-26

3. d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ 27-50

4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU 51-62

5. A{YJ‘ 63-78

6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV 79-108

7. ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ 109-132

8. A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ 133-151

9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± 152-160

10. ì¶p³VËd 161-179

11. ~w{Õ 180-201

12. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$ 202-256

13. g‘m¶moOZ 257-275

14. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ‘yb à{H«$¶mE± 276-291

15. {ejU A{YJ‘ H$s ì¶yh aMZmE± Ed§ {d{Y¶m± 292-317

16. ‘yë¶m§H$Z 318-332

17. CnbpãY narjU H$m {Z‘m©U 333-352

18. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZwg§YmZ 353-361

19. {Z…ewëH$ Ed§ A{Zdm¶© {ejm A{YH$ma A{Y{Z¶‘, 2009 362-372

20. amîQ´>r¶ nmR²>¶M¶m© ê$naoIm, 2005 373-378

AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©

H$a aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr

H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm

h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&REET - 94604 43210UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$

nong©, ‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ AÝ¶ AÜ¶¶Z gm‘J«r ôOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go

‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm

àmá H$a gH|$&

àJÊ¶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ àË¶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP

Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET)

Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s

PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$

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‘m°S>b nona ôoO {XE OmE±J|&

REET - 94604 43210 UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

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{ejmempñÌ¶m| VWm Xme©{ZH$m| Zo Bg AdñWm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVo hþE

Bg ~mV na Omoa {X¶m h¡ {H$ Bg Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejU

Bg àH$ma {H$¶m Om¶o {H$ dh g‘mO, g‘wXm¶ VWm amîQ´> Ho$ CÎm‘ ZmJ[aH$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gHo$&

’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma-

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AdñWm h¡&

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go Yrao-Yrao ~mb AÜ¶¶Z Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘Pm OmZo bJm,

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{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm J¶m&

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J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&

~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|

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1. H«$mo Am¡a H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, dh d¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z

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2. Ooåg S>óda Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z OÝ‘

go n[an³dmñWm VH$ H$aVr h¡&

Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$m| Ho$

{dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ g^r njm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm

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J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ go hr àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Bgr {dH$mg H$m

AÜ¶¶Z J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$aVm h¡&

1.3 {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZgmYmaUV¶m ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$mo EH$ hr AW©

‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw XmoZm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z Ho$db {H$emoamdñWm VH$ hr H$aVm h¡ O~{H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$

‘Zmo{dkmZ AË¶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H$m

AÜ¶¶Z OÝ‘ nyd© go boH$a OrdZ n¶©ÝV H$aVm h¡& {dH$mg EH$ H«${‘H$ à{H«$¶m

h¡, Omo OrdZ-n¶©ÝV {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| MbVr ahVr h¡&

{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& OrdZ H$s

àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$ OrdZ Ho$ nydm©Õ© ‘|

d¥{Õ Vrd« J{V go hmoVr h¡& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z hmoVm

h¡& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z

àmUr H$mo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& OrdZ Ho$ CÎmamÕ© ‘| {dZmemË‘H$

n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$db ~më¶H$mb ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$

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1.4 ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ {dH$mgmË‘H$

‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| AÝVa¶Ú{n {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, {H$ÝVw

XmoZm| Ho$ CÔoí¶, H$m¶© joÌ Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa h¡& Bg AÝVa H$mo

{ZåZ AmYma na g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. joÌ ‘| AÝVa

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h¡& {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ H$s ì¶mnH$Vm Bg ~mV go ^r kmV hmoVr

h¡ {H$ {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbo aMZmË‘H$

VWm {dZmemË‘H$ XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ ~mb

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{dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m CÔoí¶ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^yV Am¡a ^{dî¶ H$mo CZHo$

dV©‘mZ go Omo‹S>Zm h¡& Bg H$maU {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ {dH$mg H$s g^r

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{dH$mg H$s {Xem d J{V {ZYm©[aV H$aZm h¡&

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‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa {XIm¶r XoVm h¡&

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~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| Ho$db ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

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àXmZ H$aVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$-

~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m Zm‘ ~mb {dH$mg Bg{bE ~Xbm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ A~ ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg Ho$ g‘ñV nhbwAm| na Ü¶mZ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {H$gr EH$ nj na Zht&

1.6 ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ {dÛmZm| Zoo AbJ-AbJ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢-

1. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z J^m©dñWm go

‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&

2. S>m{d©Z Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg ì¶dhmam| H$m dh {dkmZ h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z

J^m©dñWm go ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ H$aVm h¡&

3. habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, Omo J^m©YmZ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV hmoZo dmbo

‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| hmZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm§o go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mb {dH$mg

~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s hr EH$ emIm h¡, Omo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg

H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVr h¡&

1.7 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ~mb {dH$mg H$m joÌ AË¶ÝV hr {dñV¥V Am¡a ì¶mnH$ h¡& ¶h ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg Ho$ g^r Am¶m‘m|, ñdê$nm|, Agm‘mÝ¶VmAm|, emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$

n[adV©Zm| VWm CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm|, O¡go- n[an³dVm Am¡a

{ejU, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Am{X g^r H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb

{dH$mg Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$mo gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-

1. ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

àmUr Ho$ OrdZ àgma ‘| AZoH$ AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢& O¡go- J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm,

e¡edmdñWm, ~MnZmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, d¶ g§{Y Am¡a {H$emoamdñWm& ~mb

{dH$mg Ho$db ~më¶mdñWm H$m hr AÜ¶¶Z Zht H$aVm A{nVw {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s

g^r AdñWmAm| Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$, ~m¡{ÕH$ Am{X

g^r nhbwAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡&

{dH$mg H«$‘ H$s àË¶oH$ AdñWm AnZr EH$ AbJ {deofVm aIVr h¡&

àË¶oH$ AdñWm ‘| nhþ±MZo na ~mbH$ H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m

ñdê$n ~Xb OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {ZV Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo

Ho$ {bE ~mbH$ AnZo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡&

2. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$ Ho$ {H$gr EH$ hr joÌ go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$

AÝVJ©V {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|… O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg, g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg, ^mfm

{dH$mg, Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg, Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg g^r H$m

{dñVmanyd©H$ AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

3. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg CZ g^r VÎdm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo

àË¶j d AàË¶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à‘wI ê$n

go d§e naånam Am¡a dmVmdaU VWm n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm

h¡& ~mb {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| BZ VÎdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$

{deof ê$n J«hU H$aVm h¡& d§e naånam ~mbH$m| H$mo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ hr

CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm nyd©Om| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU, ¶mo½¶VmE±

d j‘VmE± àXmZ H$a XoVr h¡, {OZH$m à^md OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX AmOrdZ ~mbH$ Ho$
















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{dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| na n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Omo VÎd ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do g^r dmVmdaUr¶ hmoVo h¢& dmVmdaUr¶ VÎd

^r àË¶j d AàË¶j ê$n go {ZaÝVa ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘|

à^m{dV H$aVo ahVo h¢&

n[an³dVm Am¡a {ejU ^r ~mb {dH$mg na AnZm AË¶{YH$ à^md

S>mbVo h¢& n[an³dVm AmÝV[aH$ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a {ejU ~mø dmVmdaU go àmá

hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE XmoZm| H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma ~mb$ {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ {dH$mg

H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo g^r VÎdm| H$m ^r AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡&

4. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ Agm‘mÝ¶VmAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ho$db gm‘mÝ¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m hr AÜ¶¶Z Zht

{H$¶m OmVm, ~pëH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ OrdZ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hmoZo dmbr Agm‘mÝ¶VmAm|

Am¡a {dH¥${V¶m| H$m ^r AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, AgÝVw{bV

ì¶dhmam|, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mam|, ~m¡{ÕH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| VWm ~mb AnamYm| Ho$ H$maUm|

H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ Am¡a {ZamH$aU hoVw Cnm¶ ^r ~VmVm h¡&

5. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ {dkmZ H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg Ho$db ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVmAm| Am¡a amoJm| H$m hr AÜ¶¶Z Zht H$aVm,

~pëH$ {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VarH$m| go CZHo$ CnMma ^r àñVwV H$aVm h¡&

‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg H$s hr XoZ h¡&

6. ~mb ì¶dhmam| Am¡a AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

‘Zwî¶ J{Verb d gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na dh AnZo

g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE AnZo gånH©$ ‘| AmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m|, O¡go-n[adma Ho$

bmoJ, n‹S>mogr, AÜ¶mnH$, Iob Ho$ gmWr Am¡a g‘mO ‘| g^r n[a{MVm| Ho$ gmW

AÝV… {H«$¶mE± H$aVm ahVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg, {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘|

hmoZo dmbr ~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AÝV… {H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a ¶h OmZZo H$m

à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ ¶o {H«$¶mE± H$m¡Z-gr h¢ Am¡a BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘|

³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, ¶o n[adV©Z g‘m¶moOZ ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡ ¶m ~mYH$& ~mbH$

Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE ¶o AÝV… {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ h¢&

7. ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a CÝh| e¡{jH$ Am¡a ì¶mdgm{¶H$

{ZX}eZ àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ê${M¶m± EH$ A{O©V ì¶dhma h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV Zht hmoVr

h¡, ~pëH$ grIr OmVr h¡& ê${M¶m± H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ Am¡a bú¶ H$s ny{V© H$mo AmgmZ

~ZmVr h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© ‘| ê${M hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go

A{YH$ ‘Zmo¶moJ Ho$ gmW nyam H$a boVm h¡&

8. ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

~mb {dH$mg ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm|,

O¡go- A{YJ‘, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V VWm àË¶jrH$aU Am{X H$m

AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ

Am¶w ñVam| ‘| ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mE± {H$g ê$n ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¢ Am¡a CZHo$

{dH$mg H$s J{V ³¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$m

{dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

9. ~mbH$m| H$s d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

¶Ú{n g^r Am¶w ñVam| na {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z

{’$a ^r àË¶oH$ joÌ ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{Vê$n hmoVm

h¡& emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ~mbH$ A{YH$ bå~o, Hw$N> ZmQ>o VWm Hw$N> gm‘mÝ¶

bå~mB© Ho$ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Hw$N> à{V^membr,

Hw$N> gm‘mÝ¶ Am¡a Hw$N> ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$

VWm ~{h‘w©Ir hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N> AÝV‘w©Ir& AV… {dH$mg Ho$ g^r joÌm| ‘|

ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡&

10. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$m| H$s {d{^ÝZ emar[aH$$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

H$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ho$ {bE

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {ZV Z¶o d¡km{ZH$ VWm à‘mnrH¥$V

narjUm| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶o narjU {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na ~mbH$m|

H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m ‘mnZ H$a CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVo h¢&

11. ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

OÝ‘ Ho$ níMmV² g~go nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g§ajU àmá

hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {ZYm©aU Am¡a g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$m

‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW

AÀN>o Zht hmoVo h¢, do A³ga Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV Am¡a AnamYr àd¥[Îm Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢&

~mb {dH$mg, ~mbH$-A{^^mdH$ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎdm| VWm g‘ñ¶mAm|

Am¡a CZHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a ‘mVm-{nVm VWm ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~rM AÀN>o

gå~ÝY {dH${gV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$ n[adma, g‘mO d

amîQ´> Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV hmo gH|$&

1.8 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$m ‘hÎddV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mb {dH$mg ^r AÝ¶ gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZm| H$s Vah EH$ ñdVÝÌ

{dkmZ h¡& BgH$m AÜ¶¶Z gånyU© ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡,

Bg{bE H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Zo H$hm {H$-

ì¶p³V VWm g‘mO Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ joÌ ‘| ê${M aIZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, {ejH$,

A{^^mdH$, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm© ~mbH$m| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$mo ‘hÎd XoZo bJo h¢& ~mbH$

ì¶p³V H$m {nVm h¡ ~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ N>… df© ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢, Am{X bmoH$mop³V¶m| Zo

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~‹T>m¶m hr h¡&

Bg àH$ma ~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z g^r Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡& ~mbH$

{H$gr ^r g‘mO d amîQ´> H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& CZH$m ñdñW {dH$mg g‘mO d

amîQ´ H$s àJ{V ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm ^r ~mb AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ Ûmam AnZo

~ÀMo H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$a gH$Vo h¢& CgH$s

à{V^mAm| H$mo OmZH$a CgH$s {ejm H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vo h¢&

~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AÝ¶ bmoJm| Ho$ {bE {ZåZ

ê$nm| ‘| bm^H$mar hmo gH$Vm h¡-

1. {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ àmá hmoZm

{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ {H$gr {d{eîQ> Am¶w ‘| Hw$N> {d{eîQ>
















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JwU àX{e©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Cggo nyd© ¶m ~mX H$s AdñWmAm| ‘| ¶m Vmo hmoVo hr

Zht h¢ ¶m ¶{X hmoVo ^r h¢, Vmo gm‘mÝ¶ hmoVo h¢ {d{eîQ> Zht& BÝht {d{eîQ> JwUm|

H$mo {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± H$hm OmVm h¡& BZ {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ AmYma na

~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|

Ho$ AZwgma CZ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYZ d gw{dYmE± àXmZ H$s

Om gH$Vr h¢& O¡go- OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX 1-12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ MbZo H$s

{H«$¶mE± H$aZo bJVm h¡, 3-4 ‘mh ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am{X g^r

{H«$¶mE± AdñWm {deof H$s {dH$mgmË‘H$ {H«$¶mE± h¢&

2. ~mb nmofU {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A[^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mb nmofU

{d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá hmo OmVm h¡& àË¶oH$ ‘mVm-{nVm àW‘ {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$

g‘¶ ~mb nmofU Ho$ kmZ go AZ{^k hmoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z

‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘mV¥Ëd VWm {nV¥Ëd Ho$ Xm{¶Ëd O¡go Jå^ra àíZm| H$mo hb H$aHo$

~mb nmofU H$mo ghO ~ZmVm h¡&

3. ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá hmoZm

¶Ú{n {dH$mg H$m EH$ {ZpíMV à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a àË¶oH$ {dH$mgmdñWm H$s

AnZr Hw$N> à‘wI {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ {’$a r OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX Xmo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg

‘| g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr h¡, O¡go- EH$ ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$

Xÿgam gm‘mÝ¶ ~w{Õ& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m

nVm MbVm h¡, {Oggo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejm {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

4. {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm| H$m kmZ

~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar àXmZ H$aVm h¡ {H$

J^©dñWm go boH$a ~mbH$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ {H$g àH$ma {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&

OrdZ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| ‘| H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go

n[adV©Z hm|Jo& {dH$mg H$s AdñWm H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$m|

Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢&

5. ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{ejU VWm {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJr

~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$

{H$VZr ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡& ~ÀMo H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a ~w{Õ Ho$

AZwgma hr CgHo$ à{ejU VWm {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmVr h¡ VWm {d{^ÝZ

H$jmAm| ‘| CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmZwgma hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$

~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z ~mb {dH$mg H$o {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| H$s OmZH$mar àXmZ

H$aVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mVm-{nVm, A{^^mdH$m| VWm {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h OmZH$mar

àmá hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~mbH Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {Z‘m©U ‘| H$m¡Z-go VÎd ghm¶H$ h¢ Am¡a

H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& H$m¡Z-go VÎd ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¢

Am¡a H$m¡Z-go ~mYH$& Am{X ~mV| ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go hr kmV hmoVr h¢,

{OÝh| OmZH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àmá hmoVr h¡&

7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$

~mb {dH$mg H$m à‘wI CÔoí¶ ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$a CÝh| g‘mO d

Xoe Ho$ AÀN>o ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {dH${gV H$aZm h¡& {H$gr r ~mbH$ H$mo g‘mO

V^r ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ì¶dhma

gm‘mÝ¶ hmo& ~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV

Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh àmaå^ go hr ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg àH$ma H$m {ZX}eZ

Xo {H$ àË¶oH$ joÌ ‘| CZH$m ì¶dhma {Z¶pÝÌV d gm‘mÝ¶ hmo&

8. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶H$

{dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm

ahVm h¡& Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ dh AnZo àË¶oH$

dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW AmgmZr go g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ AÝV‘w©Ir

~mbH$m| H$mo ¶{X C{MV {ZX}eZ àmá Zht hmoVm h¡ Vmo CZH$m {dH$mg Hw§${R>V hmo

OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo ‘hgyg Vmo H$aVo h¢, bo{H$Z

CZH$m àH$Q>rH$aU Zht H$a nmVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$

ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo VWm CÝh| C{MV {ZX}eZ XoH$a CZHo$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm

àXmZ H$aVm h¡&

9. ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| nydm©Zw‘mZ

H$hmdV h¡ {H$ nyV Ho$ nm±d nmbZo ‘| hr {XIm¶r XoVo h¢& ~mb {dH$mg H$m kmZ

Bg H$hmdV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Am¡a ~mb ì¶dhma Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z

Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mdr {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z ‘| ^{dî¶dmÊmr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& ¶{X

{H$gr ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡, Vmo

H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ à{V^membr hmoJm, Bgr àH$ma ¶{X gm‘mÝ¶ T>§J

go hmoVm h¡, Vmo H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ gm‘mÝ¶ hmoJm& ¶{X ‘ÝX J{V go

hmoJm Vmo ~mbH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoJm&

10. n[adma ¶m g‘mO H$s gwI-g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶H$

~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z Ho$db ~mbH$m| H$m hr gdmªJrU {dH$mg Zht H$aVm

A{nVw ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV {dH$mg Ûmam n[adma d g‘mO H$s empÝV VWm gwI

g‘¥{Õ ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ AmO H$m ~mbH$ hr {dî¶ H$m {nVm

VWm amîQ>´ {Z‘m©Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m ‘Z EH$ H$ÀMr {‘År Ho$ K‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ h¡&

AV… ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡¡ {H$ AÜ¶mnH$ d A{^^mdH$ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s

g’$bVm Ho$ {b¶o CÝh| {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| nVm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ¶h kmV

hmo gHo$ {H$ ~mbH$ H¡$go {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡& ¶{X BgH$m à¶moJ Zht hmoVm, Vmo

~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg hr ~mbH$ H$s àJ{V ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶h H$hm Om

gH$Vm h¡ {H$ AÜ¶mnH$ d A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m nyU©

kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE&

1.9 ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o àM{bV «m{ÝV¶m±

Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg¶Ú{n 20dt eVmãXr ‘| ~mb-{dH$mg {df¶ H$m AË¶{YH$ {dH$mg hþAm h¡

{’$a ^r dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Hw$N> Eogr

^«mpÝV¶m± Am¡a naånamJV {dídmg h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶o

^«mpÝV¶m± Ho$db J«m‘rU Am¡a AZn‹T> bmoJm| ‘| hr Zht h¢, ~pëH$ ehar Am¡a

n‹T>o-{bIo ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a A{^^mdH$m| ‘| ^r h¢& BZ ^«mpÝV¶m| Ho$ H$maU

‘mVm-{nVm H$s nmbZ-nmofU {d{Y¶m± ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V h¢&
















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à‘wI naånamJV {dídmg {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

‘mVm-{nVm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| à‘wI ^«mpÝV ¶h h¡ {H$-

~mbH$ àm¡‹T> ì¶p³V H$m hr bKwê$n h¡&

Bg ^«mpÝV Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| go ¶h Cå‘rX H$aVo

h¢ {H$ do ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hr d¶ñH$m| Ho$ g‘mZ g^r ì¶dhma H$aZo bJ|& ¶{X do

H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© ahVo h¢, Vmo CÝh| XÊS> {X¶m OmVm h¡, AmbmoMZm H$s OmVr h¡

VWm {VañH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bggo ~mb ‘Z na ~wam à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, do hrZ

^mdZm H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a AmË‘{dídmg Imo XoVo h¢, {Oggo CZH$m

ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg Adê$Õ hmo OmVm h¡&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {dídmg H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma,

~mbH$ hr àm¡‹T> ~ZVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~më¶mdñWm ‘| dh àm¡‹T>m| Ho$ g‘mZ n[an³d

Zht hmoVm h¡&

2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

~mbH$m| Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r Hw$N> YmaUmE± à‘wI h¢, O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ

‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm ~ÀMm ^m½¶embr hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m

OrdZ ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE VWm n[adma Ho$ {bE ‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma Omo

~ÀMm Aew^ ZjÌ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVm h¡ dh A‘§JbH$mar hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m OrdZ

n[adma VWm ñd¶§ Ho$ {bE H$îQ>àX hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma gámh Ho$ {d{^ÝZ

{XZm| ‘| OÝ‘ boZo Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r AbJ-AbJ AdYmaUmE± Am¡a naånamJV

{dídmg h¢& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ VWm OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX

n[adma ‘| H$moB© ew^ H$m¶© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a n[adma H$s àJ{V d g‘¥{Õ hmoVr h¡,

Vmo Cg ~mbH$ H$mo ^m½¶embr ‘mZH$a Cgo AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$

bm‹S>-ß¶ma {X¶m OmVm h¡&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm ~mb {deofkm| Ho$ ‘VmZwgma ¶h YmaUm ^r {ZamYma

h¡& Á¶mo{Vf Ho$ AZwgma ZjÌ d K{‹S>¶m± OrdZ H$mo à^m{dV Adí¶ H$aVr h¢,

{H$ÝVw OÝ‘ go hr {H$gr {eew H$mo ‘§JbH$mar ¶m A‘§JbH$mar Zht ~ZmVr h¢&

à{gÕ {ejmemñÌr ‘¡S>‘ ‘m[a¶m ‘m°ÊQ>ogar Ho$ AZwgma-

~mbH$ ‘| gÀMr ep³V H$m Amdmg hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$s ‘wñHw$amhQ> hr gm‘m{OH$

ào‘ d Cëbmg H$s AmYma{ebm h¡&

3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ àM{bV AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm

hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr gÝVmZ ^r ~ZVr h¡& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV, gwg§ñH¥$V VWm

~w{Õ‘mZ h¢, Vmo gÝVmZ| ^r gä¶ VWm gwg§ñH¥$V hm|Jr& ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm {Zaja

VWm XþamMmar h¢, Vmo CZH$s gÝVmZ| ^r ‘yI© Am¡a XþamMmar ~Z|Jr& Bg àH$ma

{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| AdYmaUm ¶h h¡ {H$ O¡gm ~rO h¡, d¡gm hr d¥j ~ZoJm Cgo AÀN>m

~ZmZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& nwamZr H$hmdV ^r h¡ {H$ ~mo¶m

no‹S> ~~yb H$m Vmo Am‘ H$hm± go Am¶oJm&

dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-

AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Zht ~pëH$ JwUZ’$b Ho$

g‘mZ h¡&

J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma-

Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU

EH$-Xÿgao H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE

A{Zdm¶© h¢&

4. J^©H$mbrZ à^mdm| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

Hw$N> bmoJm| H$s ¶h AdYmaUm hmoVr h¡ {H$ J^©dVr ‘m± H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mE±,

O¡go- ^moOZ, naånamJV CnMma, Pm‹S>’y$±H$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ ar{V-[admO Am¡a

naånamE± J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& O¡go- Hw$N> bmoJ ‘mZVo

h¢ {H$ ¶{X IÅm Am¡a MQ>nQ>m ImVr h¡, Vmo ~oQ>m hmoJm& Bg AdYmaUm go Ka Ho$

gXñ¶ J^©dVr ñÌr H$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢& àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V A{YH$m§eV… nwÌ H$s

hr H$m‘Zm H$aVm h¡& AV… do Cg ñÌr H$s A{YH$ XoI^mb H$aVo h¢, {Oggo

¶h g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢ {H$ nwÌ H$s àm{á hmoJr& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma

Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m à^md J^©dVr H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Xem na n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo J^©ñW

{eew H$m {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

J^©H$mbrZ Cn¶w³V d gÝVw{bV ^moOZ, AÀN>m gm{hË¶, AÀN>m

‘Zmoa§OZ, ‘m± H$s gwIXm¶H$ AZw^y{V¶m± g^r Hw$N> J^©ñW {eew Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$

{bE gH$mamË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg ~mV ‘| H$moB© VÏ¶ Zht h¡ {H$ J^©YmaU

Ho$ ~mX {eew H$m qbJ n[ad{V©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {eew OÝ‘ EH$ Abm¡{H$H$

à{H«$¶m h¡& ~oQ>m Am¡a ~oQ>r XmoZm| hr g‘mZ ê$n go ‘hÎdembr Am¡a g‘mZ

j‘VmAm| go ¶w³V hmoVo h¢& H$m°Q>, S>Jbg, pñ‘W Am¡a ~¡{JZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

Bg g§gma ‘| n¡Xm hmoZo dmbm àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ ^JdmZ H$m EH$ Z¶m {dMma h¡ VWm

gX¡d VamoVmOm ahZo VWm M‘H$Zo dmbr gå^mdZm h¡&

5. ¶m¡Z ôX Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

Am{XH$mb go hr ñÌr H$mo {Z~©b Am¡a nwê$f H$mo g~b ‘mZm OmVm h¡& h‘mao

Ym{‘©H$ J«ÝW ^r nwÌr H$s VwbZm ‘| nwÌ OÝ‘ H$s loîR>Vm H$mo Bg{bE A{YH$

‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ‘moj H$s àm{á H$am¶oJm& h‘mao Y‘© Am¡a àmMrZ

‘mÝ¶VmAm| Ho$ H$maU hr ~m{bH$mAm| H$s VwbZm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd

{X¶m OmVm h¡& Hw$N> ñWmZm| na Vmo nwÌr Ho$ OÝ‘ H$mo Aew^ ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Am¡a

OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX CZH$mo Jbm X~mH$a ‘ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm ~mbH$

Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ôX ‘mZVo h¢, do ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE± d bm‹S>-ß¶ma

XoVo h¢ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| H$mo H$‘& ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^mdZm ~m{bH$mAm| ‘|

hrZ-^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVr h¡,

{H$ÝVw ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ¶h ^«mpÝV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| H$m g‘w{MV

{dH$mg Zht H$a nmVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A{YH$ bm‹S>-ß¶ma nmH$a ~mbH$ A{YH$

CÚÊS> hmo OmVm h¡& ’«$m°~ob H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$-

~mbH$ ñd¶§ {dH$mgmoÝ‘wI hmoZo dmbm ‘mZd nm¡Ym h¡&

AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ CZHo$

nmbZ-nmofU ‘| ¶m¡Z {dôX Z {H$¶m Om¶o&
















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1.10 ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVmE±¶Ú{n ~më¶mdñWm H$mo 6-12 dfm©¶w VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& habm°H$ Zo Bgo 6 df©

go boH$a 12 df© VH$ Ho$ ~rM H$m g‘¶ ‘mZm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm

H$s à‘wI {deofVmAm| H$mo {ZåZm§{H$V {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam ì¶³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX

pñWaVm Am OmVr h¡& dh pñWaVm CgH$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$mo

Ñ‹T>Vm àXmZ H$aVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d-gm Am¡a dh ñd¶§

d¶ñH$-gm OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡, Bg{bE am°g Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘Ï¶m-n[an³dVm

H$m H$mb ~VmVo hþE {bIm h¡-

emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ pñWaVm ~më¶mdñWm H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVm h¡&

~më¶mdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m ‘hÎd AË¶{YH$ h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| {dH$mg

H$m AÜ¶¶Z AZoH$ ‘hÎdnyU© VÏ¶m| H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& H¡$ab Ho$ AZwgma-

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Am¡a CgHo$ gm‘mÝ¶ ì¶dhma H$m gh-gå~ÝY BVZm

‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ {H$ ¶{X h‘ g‘PZm Mmh| {H$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~mbH$m| ‘| ³¶m g‘mZVmE±

h¢, ³¶m {^ÝZVmE± h¢, Am¶w-d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW ì¶p³V ‘| ³¶m-³¶m n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢, Vmo h‘|

~mbH$m|$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm hmoJm&

2. ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& CgH$s

g§doXZm Am¡a àË¶jrH$aU H$s ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& dh {d{^ÝZ ~mVm| Ho$

~mao ‘| VH©$ Am¡a {dMma H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmYmaU ~mVm| na A{YH$ Xoa VH$

AnZo Ü¶mZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Cg‘| AnZo nyd©-AZw^dm| H$mo ñ‘aU

H$amZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&

3. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm

~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm {deof ê$n go à~b hmoVr h¡& dh {OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘|

AmVm h¡, CZHo$ ~mao ‘§o àíZ nyN>H$a ha Vah H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm

h¡& CgHo$ ¶o àíZ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ gmYmaU àíZm| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢& A~ dh {eew

Ho$ g‘mZ ¶h Zht nyN>Vm h¡- dh ³¶m h¡? BgHo$ {dnarV, dh nyN>Vm h¡- ¶h

Eogo ³¶m| h¡? ¶h Eogo H¡$go hþAm h¡?

4. dmñV{dH$ OJV² go gå~ÝY

Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm Ho$ H$mën{ZH$ OJV² H$m n[aË¶mJ H$aHo$

dmñV{dH$ OJV² ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& dh CgH$s àË¶oH$ dñVw go AmH${f©V hmoH$a

CgH$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ -

~mbH$ AnZo H$mo A{V {demb g§gma ‘| nmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mao ‘| OëXr go OëXr

OmZH$mar àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&

5. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| AmZÝX

~mbH$ H$mo aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof AmZÝX AmVm h¡& dh gmYmaUV… Ka go

~mha {H$gr àH$ma H$m H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVm h¡, O¡go-~JrMo ‘| H$m‘ H$aZm ¶m

Am¡Omam| go bH$‹S>r H$s dñVwE± ~ZmZm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ~m{bH$m Ka ‘| hr H$moB©-

Z-H$moB© H$m¶© H$aZm MmhVr h¡, O¡go-grZm, {namoZm ¶m H$‹T>mB© H$aZm&

6. gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg

~mbH$, {dÚmb¶ Ho$ N>mÌm| Am¡a AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW n¶m©á g‘¶

ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… Cg‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& O¡go-

gh¶moJ, gX^mdZm, ghZerbVm, AmkmH$m[aVm Am{X&

7. Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg

Bg AdñWm Ho$ Amaå^ ‘| hr ~mbH$ ‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&

ñQ>´¢J Ho$ ‘VmZwgma-

6, 7 Am¡a 8> df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| AÀN>o-~wao Ho$ kmZ H$m Ed§ Ý¶m¶nyU© ì¶dhma,

B©‘mZXmar Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶m| H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&

8. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg

e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd AÝV‘w©Ir hmoVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh EH$mÝV{à¶

Am¡a Ho$db AnZo ‘| ê${M boZo dmbm hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV, ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

CgH$m ì¶p³VËd ~{h‘w©Ir hmo OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mø OJV² ‘| CgH$s ê${M

CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& AV… dh AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m|, dñVwAm| Am¡a H$m¶moª H$m A{YH$

go A{YH$ n[aM¶ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&

9. g§doJm| H$m X‘Z d àXe©Z

~mbH$ AnZo g§doJm| na A{YH$ma aIZm Ed§ AÀN>r Am¡a ~war mdZmAm| ‘| AÝVa

H$aZm OmZ OmVm h¡& dh CZ ^mdZmAm| H$m X‘Z H$aVm h¡, {OZH$mo CgHo$

‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a ~‹S>o bmoJ ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢, O¡go- H$m‘ gå~ÝYr ^mdZmE±&

10. g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV Á¶mXm

nm¶r OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ {deof ê$n go H$m±M H$s Jmo{b¶m|, {Q>H$Q>m|, ‘erZm| Ho$ ^mJm|

Am¡a nËWa Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§M¶ H$aVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {MÌm|, {Ibm¡Zm| Am¡a

H$n‹S>m| Ho$ Qw>H$‹S>m| H$m g§J«h H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡&

11. {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm

~mbH$ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr CÔoí¶ Ho$ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVr

h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Q>© Zo AnZo AÜ¶¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J

9 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| Amdmam Ky‘Zo, {~Zm Nw>År {bE {dÚmb¶ go ^mJZo Am¡a

Ambñ¶nyU© OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo H$s AmXV| gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go nmB© OmVr h¡&

12. H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s Ý¶yZVm

~mbH$ ‘| H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$s Ý¶yZVm hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$m§e g‘¶ {‘bZo-

OwbZo, IobZo-Hy$XZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo-{bIZo ‘| ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡& AV… dh ~hþV hr

H$‘ Adgam| na AnZr H$m‘-àd¥{Îm H$m àXe©Z H$a nmVm h¡&

13. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s à~bVm

~mbH$ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm ~hþV à~b hmoVr h¡& dh AnZm A{YH$ go A{YH$

g‘¶ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡¡& am°g Ho$

AZwgma-

~mbH$ àm¶… A{Zdm¶© ê$n go {H$gr Z {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmo OmVm h¡, Omo

AÀN>o Iob IobZo Am¡a Eogo H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go EH$Ì hmoVm h¡, {OZHo$

~mao ‘| ~‹S>r Am¶w Ho$ bmoJm| H$mo Hw$N> ^r Zht ~Vm¶m OmVm h¡&
















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14. gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| ê${M

~mbH$ H$mo gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| ‘| AË¶{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& dh 6 ¶m 7 df© H$s Am¶w

‘| N>moQ>o g‘yhm| ‘| Am¡a H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ IobVm h¡& Iob Ho$ g‘¶ ~m{bH$mAm|

H$s Anojm ~mbH$m| ‘| PJ‹S>o A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& 11 ¶m 12 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$

Xbr¶ Iobm| ‘| ^mJ boZo bJVm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m {dMma h¡-

Eogm em¶X hr H$moB© Iob hmo, {Ogo Xg df© Ho$ ~mbH$ Z IobVo hm|&

15. ê${M¶m| ‘| n[adV©Z

~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& do ñWm¶r ê$n YmaU Z

H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ gmW n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¢& H$mob Ed§ ~«yg

Zo {bIm h¡-

6 go 12 df© H$s Ad{Y H$s EH$ Anyd© {deofVm h¡-‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| ‘| ñnîQ>

n[adV©Z&

1.11 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ñdê$n~më¶H$mb ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ H$s AmYma{ebm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$

~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ g^r njm§o H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþ¶o {ejm

H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om¶o& AV… CgH$s {ejm Ho$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZYm©[aV

H$aVo g‘¶ {ZåZ ~mVm| na Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE-

1. ^mfm Ho$ kmZ na ~b

ñQ>´¢J Ho$ AZwgma Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ^mfm ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV…

Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$, ^mfm H$m A{YH$-go-

A{YH$ kmZ àmá H$ao&

2. Cn¶w³V {df¶m| H$m MwZmd

~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Hw$N> Eogo {df¶m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, Omo CgH$s

Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH|$ Am¡a CgHo$ {bE bm^àX r hm|& Bg {dMma go

{ZåZ{b{IV {df¶m| H$m MwZmd {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE-^mfm, A§H$J{UV, {dkmZ,

gm‘m{OH$ AÜ¶¶Z, {MÌH$bm, gwboI, nÌ-boIZ Am¡a {Z~ÝY-aMZm&

3. amoMH$ {df¶-gm‘J«r

~mbH$m| H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm Am¡a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡, AV… CgH$s

nwñVH$m| H$s {df¶-gm‘J«r ‘| amoMH$Vm Am¡a {d{^ÝZVm hmoZr Mm{hE& Bg

ÑpîQ>H$moU go {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ{b[IV go hmoZm Mm{hE-new,

hmñ¶, {dZmoX, ZmQ>H$, dmVm©bmn, dra nwê$f, gmhgr H$m¶© Am¡a AmíM¶©OZH$

~mV|&

4. nmR²>¶-{df¶ d {ejU-{d{Y ‘| n[adV©Z

Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ê${M¶m| ‘| {ZaÝVa n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& AV…

nmR²>¶-{df¶ Am¡a {ejU-{d{Y ‘| CgH$s ê${M¶m| Ho$ AZwgma n[adV©Z {H$¶m

OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& Eogm Z H$aZo go Cg‘| {ejm Ho$ à{V H$moB© AmH$f©U Zht ah

OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V ê$H$ OmVr h¡&

5. {Okmgm H$s gÝVwpîQ>

~mbH$ ‘| {Okmgm H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& AV… Cgo Xr OmZo dmbr {ejm H$m ñdê$n

Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ> hmo&

6. gm‘y{hH$ àd¥{Îm H$s VwpîQ>

~mbH$ ‘| g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s à~b àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& dh AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| go {‘bZm-

OwbZm Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m¶© H$aZm ¶m IobZm MmhVm h¡& Cgo BZ g~ ~mVm|

H$m Adga XoZo Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$ H$m¶moª Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ Iobm| H$m

C{MV Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-

gm‘y{hH$ Iob Am¡a emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘-àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$ nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ A{^ÝZ

A§J hmoZo Mm{hE&

7. aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm

~mbH$ H$s aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª ‘| {deof ê${M hmoVr h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ

àH$ma Ho$ aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶moª H$s ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE&

8. nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$s ì¶dñWm

~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ ‘mZ{gH$ ê${M¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ CgH$s gwá ep³V¶m|

H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg H$m¶© ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo Ho$

{bE {dÚmb¶ ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘-ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m g§MmbZ

{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

9. n¶©Q>Z d ñH$mCqQ>J H$s ì¶dñWm

bJ^J 9 df© H$s Am¶w ‘§o ~mbH$ ‘| {Zê$Ôoí¶ BYa-CYa Ky‘Zo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr

h¡& CgH$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶©Q>Z Am¡a ñH$mCqQ>J H$mo

CgH$s {ejm H$m A{^ÝZ A§J ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

10. g§M¶-àd¥{Îm H$mo àmoËgmhZ

~mbH$ ‘| g§M¶ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡& Cgo Omo ^r dñVw AÀN>r bJVr h¡,

Cgr H$m dh g§M¶ H$a boVm h¡& CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡

{H$ do Cgo {ejmàX dñVwAm| H$m g§M¶ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a|&

11. g§doJm| Ho$ àXe©Z H$m Adga

H$mob Ed§ ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AZmoIm H$mb ‘mZm

h¡& ¶h {dH$mg V^r gå^d h¡, O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| H$m X‘Z Z {H$¶m Om¶,

³¶m|{H$ Eogm H$aZo go Cg‘| ^mdZm-J«pÝW¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ñQ>´¢J

H$m nam‘e© h¡-

~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V-àmá AnZo g§doJm| H$m X‘Z H$aZo Ho$ ~Om¶ V¥á

H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g§doJmË‘H$ ^mdZm Am¡a àXe©Z CZHo$ gånyU©

OrdZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡&


{H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm

h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| Eogr {H«$¶mAm| H$m A{Zdm¶© ê$n go g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmZm

Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ^mJ boH$a ~mbH$ ‘| AZwemgZ, AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU, ghmZw^y{V,

à{VñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am{X gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo&














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13. Z¡{VH$ {ejm

{n¶mOo Zo AnZo AÜ¶¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ bJ^J 8 df© H$m ~mbH$

AnZo Z¡{VH$ ‘yë¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {Z¶‘m| ‘| {dídmg H$aZo

bJVm h¡& Cgo BZ ‘yë¶m| H$m C{MV {Z‘m©U Am¡a BZ {Z¶‘m| ‘| Ñ‹T> {dídmg

aIZo Ho$ {bE {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE& H$mobog{ZH$ H$m

‘V h¡- ~mbH$ H$mo AmZÝX àXmZ H$aZo dmbr gab H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam Z¡{VH$ {ejm

Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

14. {H«$¶m d Iob Ûmam {ejm

g^r {ejm-emñÌr ~mbH$ H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a Iob-àd¥{Îm ‘|

{dídmg H$aVo h¢& AV… CgH$s {ejm H$m ñdê$n Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE, {Oggo dh

ñd¶§-{H«$¶m Am¡a Iob Ûmam kmZ H$m AO©Z H$ao&

15. ào‘ d ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV {ejm

~mbH$ H$R>moa AZwemgZ ngÝX Zht H$aVm h¡& dh emar[aH$ XÊS>, ~b-à¶moJ

Am¡a S>m±Q>-S>nQ> go K¥Um H$aVm h¡& dh CnXoe Zht gwZZm MmhVm h¡& dh

Y‘{H$¶m| H$s {MÝVm Zht H$aVm h¡& AV… CgH$s {ejm BZ‘| go {H$gr na

AmYm[aV Z hmoH$a ào‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V na AmYm[aV hmoZr Mm{hE&

’«$m¶S> Am¡a CgHo$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©UH$mar

H$mb ‘mZH$a Bg AdñWm H$mo AË¶{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m h¡& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$

Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {OZ d¡¶p³VH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a {ejm-gå~ÝYr AmXVm|

Ed§ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a boVm h¡, CZH$mo ê$nmÝV[aV H$aZm ~hþV

H${R>Z hmo OmVm h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go àmW{‘H$ {ejm àXmZ H$aZo dmbo {ejH$m| na

~mbH$m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo H$m ‘hmZ² CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& bJ^J Eogo hr {dMmam| H$mo

ì¶³V H$aVo hþE ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡-

e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go OrdZ-MH«$ ‘| ~më¶mdñWm go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© Am¡a H$moB©

AdñWm Zht h¡& Omo AÜ¶mnH$ Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo [ejm XoVo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m|

H$m, CZH$s AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$m, CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Am¡a CZ n[apñW{V¶m|

H$m nyd© kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Omo CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo ê$nmÝV[aV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$aVr h¢&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, ~më¶mdñWm H$mo e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go {deof ‘hÎd XoVo

h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| {ejm H$m ¶WmW©dmXr ñdê$n, Omo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm, àH¥${V

VWm ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ emoYZ na AmYm[aV hmo, dh ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘yb^yV JwUm| H$mo

{dH${gV H$aZo VWm CÝh| ñdñW, gOJ ZmJ[aH$ ~ZmZo H$s {Xem ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©

^y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&

*******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. ~mb {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-(1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z

(2) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ d n[a‘mUmË‘H$ n[adV©Z

(3) ~mbH$ H$m JwUmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(4) ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z

2. ~mb {dH$mg H$s àH¥${V H¡$gr ‘mZr OmVr h¡?(1) {dkmZ‘¶r (2) AàmH¥${VH$

(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Ad¡km{ZH$

3. ~mb AÜ¶¶Z H$m {nVm H$m¡Z h¡?(1) ’«$m¶S> (2) S´>oda

(3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) S>m{d©Z

4. ~mb {dH$mg H$s Cn¶mo{JVm h¡-(1) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| (2) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo ‘|

(3) ~mbH$m| Ho$ {ejU ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

5. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm ³¶m h¡?(1) {Okmgm (2) [Ibm¡Zm| ‘| é{M

(3) ZdrZ nÕ{V¶m± (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

6. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm h¡-(1) AmË‘{Z^©a hmoZm (2) {‘Ì ‘ÊS>br ¶m g‘yh {Z‘m©U

(3) ñdVÝÌ hmoZm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

7. ~mb {dH$mg H$~ gånÝZ hmoVm h¡?(1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|

(3) OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡& (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

8. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo {H$VZo ^mJm| ‘§o ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-(1) 2 (2) 5

(3) 4 (4) 3

9. e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go ~mb$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± h¢-(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm

(3) e¡edmdñWm (4) Cnamo³V VrZm|

10. ~mb {dH$mg H$mo gdm©{YH$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-(1) ¶m¡Z {ejm (2) ~w{Õ narjU

(3) IobHy$X H$m ‘¡XmZ (4) gwÝXa {dÚmb¶ ^dZ

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

(2) (1) (3) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (3)

àJÊ¶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ àË¶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida,

BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s

’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV

Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m AÝ¶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘|

Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ôoO {XE OmE±J|&

UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg

nwñVH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJ ‘| àH$m{eV {H$¶m J¶m

h¡& àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Ho$ XmoZm| ^mJ àJÊ¶

àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

www.praganya.org na CnbãY h¡& Amn dhm± go ’«$s PDF

S>mCZbmoS> H$a gH$Vo h¢&
















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11. ~mb {dH$mg ‘|-(1) J^m©dñWm go {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m AÜ¶¶Z hmoVm h¡&

(2) à{H«$¶m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡&

(3) dmVmdaU Am¡a AZw^d H$s ^y{‘H$m na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r na

12. ~mb {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z joÌ h¡-(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

(2) ~mb {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

(3) dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mb {dH$mg na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^mdm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

13. {dH$mg ewê$ hmoVm h¡-(1) CÎma-~më¶mdñWm go (2) àgdnyd© AdñWm go

(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) nyd©-~më¶mdñWm go

14. {dH$mgmË‘H$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m OZH$ {H$go ‘mZm OmVm h¡?(1) ’«$m¶S> H$mo (2) ~«yZa H$mo

(3) OrZ {n¶mOo H$mo (4) Ho$br H$mo

15. {Ibm¡Zm| H$s Am¶w H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$mo (2) CÎma ~më¶mdñWm H$mo

(3) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (4) BZ‘| go g^r

16. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘w»¶ ñWmZ h¡-(1) ~mbH$ H$m (2) àemgH$ H$m

(3) AÜ¶mnH$ H$m (4) A{^^mdH$ H$m

17. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew hmoVm h¡-(1) gm‘m{OH$

(2) AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV

(3) g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> go Ñ‹T>

(4) g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go ApñWa

18. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr nyd© ~më¶mdñWm H$s {deofVm Zht h¡?(1) Xb/g‘yh ‘| ahZo H$s AdñWm

(2) AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s AdñWm

(3) àíZ H$aZo H$s AdñWm

(4) IobZo H$s AdñWm

19. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^m¡{VH$ dñVwAm| Ho$ {H$g Amdí¶H$ VÎd

‘| n[adV©Z g‘PZo bJVo h¢?(1) Ðì¶‘mZ

(2) Ðì¶‘mZ Am¡a g§»¶m

(3) g§»¶m

(4) Ðì¶‘mZ, g§»¶m Am¡a joÌ

20. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© CÎma ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Cn¶w³V

Zht h¡?(1) gm‘mÝ¶ Iob Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ emar[aH$ Hw$ebVmE± grIZm

(2) nwê$fmo{MV ¶m pñÌ¶mo{MV gm‘m{OH$ ^y{‘H$mAm| H$mo àmßV H$aZm

(3) d¡¶p³VH$ AmË‘{Z^©aVm àmßV H$aZm

(4) AnZo h‘C‘« ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ gmW ahZm grIZm

21. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$Z ~mVm| H$mo em{‘b

{H$¶m OmVm h¡?1. Am¶w Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m ³¶m ñdê$n hmoVm h¡?

2. ~mbH$ ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$m {deof Am¶w Ho$ gmW ³¶m gå~ÝY hmoVm

h¡?

3. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmB© OmZo dmbr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE {H$g àH$ma Ho$

AmZwd§{eH$ Ed§ n[adoeOÝ¶ à^md CÎmaXm¶r hmoVo h¢?

(1) 1 Ed§ 2

(2) 2 Ed§ 3

(3) 1 Ed§ 3

(4) ¶o g^r

22. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ........... OrdZ‘yë¶m|, ì¶p³VËd, ì¶dhma

BË¶m{X H$m {dH$mg ^r em{‘b h¡&1 ÑpîQ>H$moUmo§ 2. ñd^md

3. ê${M¶m| 4. AmXVm|

(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3

(3) 2,3 Ed§ 4 (4) ¶o g^r

23. {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ........... ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z

{H$¶m OmVm h¡¡&1. e¡edmdñWm 2. ~më¶mdñWm

3. {H$emoamdñWm 4. d¶ñH$mdñWm

(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1,2 Ed§ 3

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

24. 6-11 df© Ho$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s {deofVm h¢-(1) ~mbH$ ñdm^m{dH$ Ed§ g{H«$¶ A{YJ‘H$Vm© hmoVo h¢&

(2) grIZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢&

(3) ~mbH$, {ejH$m| go kmZ àmßV H$aVo h¢&

(4) ~mbH$ grIZo ‘| ê${M Zht aIVo h¢&

25. 6 ¶m 7 df© H$m ~mbH$ Xÿgam| Ho$ {dMmam| H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶

Zht hmoVm-(1) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~hþV N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡&

(2) ³¶m|{H$ dh Ah‘² Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡&

(3) ³¶m|{H$ dh H$ënZmerb hmoVm h¡&

(4) ³¶m|{H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ Zht hmoVm h¡&

11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)
















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26. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$s ^y{‘H$m nyd© ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg hoVw gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) AÜ¶mnH$m| H$s (2) g§Jr-gm{W¶m| H$s

(3) n‹S>mo{g¶m| H$s (4) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s

27. A{YH$m§e {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y h¡-(1) 5 go 10 df© (2) 6 go 12 df©

(3) 4 go 10 df© (4) 2 go 8 df©

28. H$m°b d ~«yg Zo ~më¶mdñWm H$mo ‘mZm h¡-(1) g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ H$mb

(2) AZmoIm H$mb

(3) {‘Ï¶m n[an³dVm H$mb

(4) {Okmgm H$mb

29. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {‘Ï¶m n[an³dVm H$mb H$hm h¡-(1) am°g Zo (2) H$m°b d ~«yg Zo

(3) EZm ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) H«$mo Ed§> H«$mo Zo

30. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr àd¥[Îm/àd¥{Îm¶m± h¡/h¢-(1) {Zê$Ôoí¶ ^«‘U H$s àd¥{Îm

(2) {Okmgm H$s à~bVm

(3) aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| AmZÝX boZm

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

31. g‘yh AdñWm ¶m MwñVr H$s AdñWm ^r H$hVo h¢-(1) e¡edmdñWm H$mo (2) ~më¶mdñWm H$mo

(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm H$mo (4) {H$emoamdñWm H$mo

32. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?(1) Q>mobr Am¶w (2) OrdZ H$m AZmoIm H$mb

(3) ~³H$s AdñWm (4) Cnamo³V g^r

33. n[an³d ~më¶mdñWm {H$go H$hVo h¢?(1) 6 go 9 df© (2) 7 go 10 df©

(3) 8 go 11 df© (4) 9 go 12 df©

34. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| H$m¡Zgr ‘ybàd¥{Îm g~go A{YH$ {H«$¶merb ahVr h¡?(1) H$m‘ (2) {Okmgm

(3) aMZmË‘H$Vm (4) gm‘y{hH$Vm

35. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| n[anmH$ H$mb H$s {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr Ad{Y h¡?(1) 12 go boH$a 14 df©

(2) 14 go boH$a 16 df©

(3) 10 go boH$a 12 df©

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

36. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gmh{gH$ ¶mÌmAm| H$s amo‘m§MH$mar H$hm{Z¶m±

gwZmZo g| CZ‘|-(1) Amkm Ed§ AZwemgZ Ho$ JwU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&

(2) ^¶ Ho$ g§doJ g‘mßV hmoVo h¢&

(3) CËgmh H$m g§Mma hmoVm h¡&

(4) AmZÝX H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡&

37. ~më¶mdñWm H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡-(1) A{YJ‘ H$s Vrd«Vm

(2) AnojmH¥$V pñWa {dH$mg à{H«$¶m

(3) ¶WmW©dmXr X¥pîQ>H$moU

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

38. {ejH$ ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ kmZ Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$s-1. ~w{Õ VWm ê${M¶m| H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&

2. àH¥${V H$mo OmZH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&

3. Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm nm[adm[aH$ pñW{V H$s OmZH$mar boH$a {ejm XoVm h¡&

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

39. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m AÜ¶¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$

Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE

(2) {díd{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE

(3) àmW{‘H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE

(4) Cnamo³V g^r Ho$ {bE

40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ AÝVJ©V

Zht aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ ^{dî¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| nyd©H$WZ ‘| ghm¶H$

(2) ~mb {ZX}eZ ‘| ghm¶H$

(3) {ejH$ H$s Am{W©H$ àJ{V ‘| ghm¶H$

(4) ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo ‘| Cn¶moJr

41. àmW{‘H$ {ejU Ho$ {bE ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡,

³¶m|{H$-(1) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo AZwem{gV ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&

(2) narjm Ho$ n[aUm‘ ‘| CÝZ{V hmoVr h¡&

(3) ¶h ~ÀMm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE gw{dYmOZH$ VarH$m ~Z OmVm h¡&

(4) ¶h ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo ‘| {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&

42. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| {dH$mg H$mo N>X²‘ n[an³dVm H$m g‘¶ {H$gZo H$hm h¡?(1) am°g Zo (2) Ooåg Q´>oda Zo

(3) OrZ {n¶mOo Zo (4) EZ.Ama.^m{Q>¶m Zo

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

(4) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1)


nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²

g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg

nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s

PDF àJÊ¶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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43. àmW{‘H$ H$jm Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m kmZ

hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (2) {ejm-Xe©Z

(3) ñdmñÏ¶ {dkmZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ

44. ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñd^md H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go

{H$gH$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm Mm{hE?(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dkmZ (2) àmH¥${VH$ {dkmZ

(3) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ (4) ^yJmob

45. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ/~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ ³¶m| Oê$ar h¡?(1) Bg‘| ~ÀMm| H$s AmYma^yV {deofVmAm| H$mo OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&

(2) {ejU ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVm h¡&

(3) AmYw{ZH$ {ejm àUmbr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&

(4) {ejU g’$b hmoVm h¡&

46. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ {H$gHo$ ì¶dhma H$m d¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Z h¡?(1) ~mbH$ (2) {ejH$

(3) {H$emoa (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

47. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ EH$ d¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Z h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘

nyd© H$mb go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h

H$WZ h¡-(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) Wm°‘gZ H$m

(3) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (4) am°g H$m

48. Biographical Sketch of a infant Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ H$m àH$meZ

{H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) S>m{d©Z Zo (2) ßboQ>mo Zo

(3) ê$gmo Zo (4) {d{b¶‘ {hbr Zo

49. àW‘ ~mb {ZX}eZ Ho$ÝÐ {H$gHo$ Ûmam Imobm J¶m?(1) ßboQ>mo (2) {d{b¶‘ {hbr

(3) S>m{d©Z (4) ê$gmo

50. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ dh d¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Z h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$m

AÜ¶¶Z J^©H$mb Ho$ àmaå^ go {H$emoamdñWm H$s àmaå^mdñWm VH$

H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr?(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo (2) dH©$ Zo

(3) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (4) AmaO|H$ Zo

51. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ, ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s dh emIm h¡, {Og‘| OÝ‘ go

n[an³d AdñWm VH$ {dH${gV hmo aho ‘mZd H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$gZo Xr?(1) ê$gmo Zo (2) AmBO|H$ Zo

(3) S´>oda Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo

52. ~mb {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfm H$m AÜ¶¶Z joÌ h¡-

(1) ~ÀMm| H$s d¶ñH$ VWm d[aîR> ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ gmW VwbZm H$aoJm&

(2) ‘mZdr¶ gm‘Ï¶m] ‘| n[adV©Z H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡&

(3) OrdZ Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m Ty>±T>oJm&

(4) {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm Xÿgao gm‘Ï¶m] Ho$ H«${‘H$

{dH$mg Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ahoJm&

53. ~më¶mdñWm H$mo à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s AdñWm {H$gZo H$hm h¡?

(1) ’«$m°~ob Zo (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo

(3) OaerëS> Zo (4) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ Zo

54. ~mb {dH$mg H$s gånyU© Ad{Y ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V gdm©{YH$

Vrd« {H$g AdñWm ‘| hmoVr h¡?

(1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

(3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘|

55. OrZ {n¶mOo H$m ~mb {dH$mg dJuH$aU {H$g {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV h¡?

(1) ‘Zmo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV

(2) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV

(3) ‘Zmob¢{JH$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV

(4) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV

56. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ {Z{hVmW© go gå~pÝYV Zht h¡-

(1) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ ~mJ H$s XoI^mb H$aZm

(2) {dÚmb¶ VWm g‘wXm¶ H$mo Omo‹S>Zm

(3) àmV…H$mbrZ {dÚmb¶r g^mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZm

(4) {nN>‹S>o Am¡a JÝXo joÌm| ‘| bmoJm| H$s godm Ho$ {bE Z OmZm

57. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|

H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?

(1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV

(2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

(3) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV

58. EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a

A§Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡& ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|

¶h {gÕmÝV H$hbmVm h¡-

(1) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV (2) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV

(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

******* 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

(1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (1) (2) (1) (3) (4) (4) (1) (4) (4) (2) (3)












n¥îR> 12 d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg àJÊ¶




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AÜ¶m¶ 2

d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg

2.1 àñVmdZmàË¶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mdZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ n[aàoú¶ ‘|

nb-nb ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ dh {eew H$hbmVm h¡, Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX

~mbH$, {’$a {H$emoa, d¶ñH$, àm¡‹T> Ed§ d¥Õ H$hbmVm h¡& àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘|

dh A~moY H$hbmVm h¡, {’$a eamaVr, Jå^ra, {dÛmZ, kmZr Am{X {deofUm| go

¶w³V hmo OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s emar[aH$ Am¡a

‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§ j‘VmAm| ‘| ^r d¥{Õ hmoZo bJVr h¡& Bg H$maU ì¶p³V

Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ~mbH$

Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ed§

j‘VmAm| ‘| d¥{Õ, ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z {OZ H$maUm| go hmoVm h¡

CZH$m AÜ¶¶Z {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo H$m¶©H$Îmm© H$mo H$aZm Amdí¶H$

h¡& ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§do{JH$, Z¡{VH$

Am{X njm| H$m {H$g àH$ma {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, BgH$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm Bg AÜ¶m¶

H$m CÔoí¶ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg

Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡&

2.2 A{^d¥{ÕA{^d¥{Õ H$m gm‘mÝ¶ AW© hmoVm h¡ AmJo ~‹T>Zm& ~mbH$ H$s A{^d¥{Õ Ho$ gÝX^©

‘| Bgo CgHo$ eara Ho$ AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma Am¡a BZH$s

H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& ‘mZd eara ‘| ¶h d¥{Õ

EH$ Am¶w VH$ (18-20 df©) hr hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ ~mX BZ A§Jmo§ ‘| d¥{Õ Zht

hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² Bg Am¶w VH$ ì¶p³V nyU© d¶ñH$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo

XoIm-naIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a BgH$m ‘mnZ ^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«|$H$ Zo A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-

A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, O¡go-bå~mB© Am¡a

^ma ‘| d¥{Õ&

‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ H$s Xmo {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡- ‘mZd H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm Am¡a

A{^d¥{Õ H$s gr‘m& BÝht {deofVmAm| H$mo g‘m{hV H$aVo hþE bmb Ed§ Omoer Zo

A{^d¥{Õ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm-

‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© CgHo$ eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ Am§V[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma

Ed§ H$m¶©j‘Vm ‘| hmoZo dmbr Cg d¥{Õ go hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ J^© g‘¶ H$mo n[an³dVm

àmá H$aZo VH$ MbVr h¡&

2.3 {dH$mg H$m AW©{dH$mg EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo OÝ‘ go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ A{dam‘

MbVr ahVr h¡& {dH$mg Ho$db emar[aH$ d¥{Õ H$s Amoa hr g§Ho$V Zht H$aVr

daZ² BgHo$ AÝVJ©V do g^r emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$

n[adV©Z gpå‘{bV ahVo h¢, Omo J^©H$mb go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶wn¶©ÝV VH$ {ZaÝVa

àmUr ‘| àH$Q> hmoVo ahVo h¢&

{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r n[adV©Z g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢&

OrdZ H$s àmapå^H$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z aMZmË‘H$ Am¡a CÎmamÕ© ‘|

hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z {dZmemË‘H$ hmoVo h¢& aMZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z àmUr ‘| n[an³dVm

bmVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmemË‘H$ n[adV©Z Cgo d¥ÕmdñWm H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢& Bg

àH$ma {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡&

{dH$mg H$mo H«${‘H$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& BgHo$

’$bñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoVm h¡ VWm nwamZr {deofVmAm|

H$s g‘m{á hmo OmVr h¡& àm¡‹T>mdñWm ‘| nhþ±MH$a ‘Zwî¶ ñd¶§ H$mo {OZ JwUm| go

gånÝZ nmVm h¡, do {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢&

2.4 {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE±


{dH$mg Ho$db A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡ daZ² dh ì¶dpñWV VWm g‘ZwJV

n[adV©Z h¡ {Og‘| {H$ àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶ H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV

ahVm h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢&

Bg n[a^mfm ‘| Xmo eãXm| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a g‘ZwJV na A{YH$ ~b

{X¶m J¶m h¡& ì¶dpñWV eãX go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo

n[adV©Zm| ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© H«$‘ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a AmJo dmbo n[adV©Z nyd©

n[adV©Z na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& g‘ZwJV eãX H$m AW© h¡ n[adV©Z gå~ÝYhrZ

Zht hmVo h¢, CZ‘| Amng ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&

2. ‘wZam| Ho$ AZwgma-

{dH$mg n[adV©Z ûm¥§Ibm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| ~ÀMm ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a

àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ JwOaVm h¡, {dH$mg H$hbmVm h¡&

3. Ooåg Sóda Ho$ AZwgma -

{dH$mg dh Xem h¡ Omo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z Ho$ ê$n ‘| gVV² ê$n go ì¶³V hmoVr h¡&

¶h àJ{Verb n[adV©Z {H$gr ^r àmUr ‘| ^«yUmdñWm go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ hmoVm

h¡& ¶h {dH$mg VÝÌ H$mo gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n ‘| {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm ho& ¶h àJ{V H$m ‘mZXÊS> h¡

Am¡a BgH$m Amaå^ eyÝ¶ go hmoVm h¡&












àJÊ¶ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg n¥îR> 13




Bg àH$ma Cn¶w©³V g^r {dÛmZm| H$s n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$hm

Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ J^© ‘| AmVo hr {dH$mg

H$s à{H«$¶m àmaå^ hmo OmVr h¡& Omo gm‘mÝ¶V… 9 ‘mh ¶m 10 ‘mh ¶m bJ^J

280 {XZm| VH$ hmoVr h¡& Bg Ad{Y ‘| eara Ho$ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ O~

J^©H$mbrZ {dH$mg nyU© hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo OÝ‘ boH$a ~mha AmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&

AV… Bggo nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg EH$ n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm h¡&

{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá JwUm|

VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m hr n[aUm‘ hmoVo h¢& {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| hmoZo dmbo

emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo Vmo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw AÝ¶ {XemAm|

‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo XoIZo d g‘PZo ‘| g‘¶ bJVm h¡&

2.5 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVaA{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| CZHo$ AÝVa H$mo g‘P

boZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma- gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go A{^d¥{Õ eãX H$m

à¶moJ eara Am¡a CgHo$ A§Jm| Ho$ ^ma Am¡a AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& Bg d¥{Õ H$mo Zmnm Am¡a Vmobm Om gH$Vm h¡& {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY A{^d¥{Õ

go Adí¶ hmoVm h¡, na ¶h eara Ho$ A§Jm| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo {deof ê$n

go ì¶³V H$aVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, h[È¶m| Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, na H$‹S>r hmo

OmZo Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z ^r hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma, {dH$mg

‘| A{^d¥{Õ H$m ^md gX¡d {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {’$a ^r, boIH$m| Ûmam XmoZm| eãXm|

H$m à¶moJ gmYmaUV… EH$ hr AW© ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s n«{H««$¶mE± Cgr g‘¶ go Amaå^ hmo OmVr h¡,

{Og g‘¶ go ~mbH$ H$m J^m©YmZ hmoVm h¡& ¶o à{H«$¶mE±, CZHo$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX ^r

MbVr ahVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, dh {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| go JwOaVm

h¡, {OZ‘| CgH$m emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am{X {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AV…

h‘ habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-

{dH$mg, A{^d¥{Õ VH$ hr gr{‘V Zht h¡& BgHo$ ~Om¶, Bg‘| àm¡‹T>mdñWm Ho$ bú¶

H$s Amoa n[adV©Zm| H$m àJ{Verb H«$‘ {Z{hV ahVm h¡& {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n ì¶p³V

‘| ZdrZ {deofVmE± Am¡a ZdrZ ¶mo½¶VmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&

A{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg

1. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ AmH$ma ~ZmdQ> Ed§ ^ma ‘| hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go h¡&

{dH$mg go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$, g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ Am{X D$Üd©Jm‘r n[adV©Zm| go hmoVm h¡&

2. A{^d¥{Õ gr{‘V hmoVr h¡ VWm n[an³dVm Ho$ ñVa VH$ hmoVr h¡&

{dH$mg H$s H$moB© gr‘m Zht hmoVr h¡& ¶h OÝ‘ go boH$a ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ MbVr ahVr h¡&

3. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg ‘mÌmË‘H$ Ed§ JwUmË‘H$ XmoZm| àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡&

4. A{^d¥{Õ H«${‘H$ Ed§ ûm¥¥§Ibm~Õ ê$n go hmoVr h¡&

{dH$mg H$m H$moB© H«$‘ {ZpíMV Zht hmoVm&

5. A{^d¥{Õ àm¶… ñWyb ê$n ‘| Ñí¶JV hmoVr h¡&

{dH$mg Ñí¶ VWm AÑí¶ XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| hmoVm h¡

H«$.g§. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg

6. A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&

{dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go ~hþV H$‘ hr à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

7. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db YZmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡& {dH$mg YZmË‘H$ Ed§ G$UmË‘H$ XmoZm| hmoVm h¡&

8. A{^d¥{Õ Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$ à^md Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¡&

{dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ gmW hr dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

Cnamo³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ {dH$mg A{^d¥{Õ go H$ht A{YH$

ì¶mnH$ h¡ VWm A{^d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$m EH$ A§J h¡&

2.6 {dH$mg Ho$ ê$n{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘w»¶ ê$n goo Mma àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢-

1. AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z

emar[aH$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| {ZaÝVa eara Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&

AmH$mam| ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo AmgmZr go XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡& emar[aH$

{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Am¶w d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW eara Ho$ AmH$ma d ^ma ‘| {ZaÝVa

n[adV©Z AmVm ahVm h¡&

2. AZwnmV ‘| n[adV©Z

{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| nhbo AmH$mam| ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶h n[adV©Z

AmZwnm{VH$ hmoVm h¡& àmUr Ho$ eara Ho$ g^r A§J {dH${gV Zht hmoVo h¢ Z

hr CZ‘| EH$ gmW n[an³dVm AmVr h¡& AV… g^r A§Jm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m EH$

{ZpíMV AZwnmV Zht hmoVm h¡& O¡go- gånyU© {dH$mg H$mb ‘| öX¶ H$m ^ma

OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$m Voah JwZm ~‹T> OmVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m ^ma Ho$db Mma

JwZm hr ~‹T>Vm h¡& AV… {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ AZwnmV ‘§o AÝVa Am

OmVm h¡& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE, e¡edmdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ñd-Ho$pÝÐV hmoVm h¡ O~{H$

~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AmVo-AmVo dh AnZo Amgnmg Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|

ê${M boZo bJVm h¡&

3. nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z

àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| ZdrZ {deofVmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo go nyd© nwamZr

{deofVmAm| H$m bmon hmoVm ahVm h¡& O¡go- ~MnZ Ho$ ~mbm| Am¡a Xm±Vm| H$m g‘má

hmo OmZm, Bgr àH$ma ~MnZ H$s AñnîQ> Üd{Z¶m±, [IgH$Zm, KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b

MbZm, amoZm, {MëbmZm Am{X JwU g‘má hmo OmVo h¢&

4. Z¶o JwUm| H$s àm{á

{dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| Ohm± EH$ Amoa nwamZr ê$naoIm ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡ dht CgH$m

ñWmZ Z¶o JwU àmá H$a boVo h¢& O¡go- ñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZm, ñnîQ> CÀMmaU

H$aZm, CN>bZm-Hy$XZm Am¡a ^mJZo-Xm¡‹S>Zo H$s j‘VmAm| H$m CX¶ hmoZm Am{X

Z¶o JwU àmUr H$mo {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| hr àmá hmoVo h¢&

Bg àH$ma àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘| BZ Mmam| àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Zm| H$m

~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡& ¶{X ¶o n[adV©Z Z hm| Vmo {H$gr ^r àmUr Ho$ {bE AnZo ^mdr

OrdZ H$s Z¶r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm H${R>Z hmo Om¶oJm&







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2.7 {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV¶Ú{n {dH$mg gmd©^m¡{‘H$ VWm {ZaÝVa MbVr ahZo dmbr {H«$¶m h¡, bo{H$Z

àË¶oH$ àmUr H$m {dH$mg {ZpíMV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AmYma na hr hmoVm h¡& BÝht {Z¶‘m|

Ho$ AmYma na AZoH$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mE± {dH${gV hmoVr ahVr h¢&

{dH$mg Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. gVV² ¶m {ZaÝVa {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV

{dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m A~mY J{V go MbVr ahVr h¡, ¶h J{V VoO ¶m ‘ÝX hmoVr

ahVr h¡& O¡go-~mbH$ Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfmoª ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV

Vrd« ahVr h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m g~go à‘wI {gÕmÝV h¡& {dH$mg

H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡ VWm eara Ho$ Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V go

hmoVm h¡ VWm Hw$N> A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n

‘Zwî¶ ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘| pñH$Za ‘hmoX¶

H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ {dH$mg à{H«$¶mAm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$db Bg ~mV

na Omoa XoVm h¡ {H$ ep³V ({dH$mg) ‘| H$moB© AmH$pñ‘H$ n[adV©Z Z hmo&

2. {dH$mg H«$‘ H$m {gÕmÝV

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV H«$‘ go hmoVm h¡&

O¡go- ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ CnamÝV Ho$db amoVm h¡ Am¡a 3 ‘hrZo Ho$ ~mX dh EH$

{deof àH$ma H$s AmdmO {ZH$mbVm h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ ~mX dh AmZÝX H$s Üd{Z

{ZH$mbZo bJVm h¡& 7 ‘mh ‘| dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {bE nm, ~m, Xm Am{X

eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡& O~ ~mbH$ ^mfm H$mo ~mobZm grI OmVm h¡,

Vmo Cgo H«$‘e… ^mfm H$m n‹T>Zm Am¡a {bIZm {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& eb}, Jogob,

{n¶mOo, E{‘g Am{X Zo AnZo à¶moJm| go Bg VÏ¶ H$mo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡&

3. {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ J{V H$m {gÕmÝV

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg

H$s J{V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {^ÝZVm {dH$mg Ho$ gånyU© H$mb VH$ ~Zr

ahVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ bå~m hmoVm h¡

dh ~‹S>m hmoZo na ^r bå~m ahVm h¡, Am¡a Omo N>moQ>m hmoVm h¡, dh gmYmaUV…

N>moQ>m ahVm h¡&

4. nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$

Am{X njm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nañna gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& CXmhaUñdê$n ‘Zwî¶ Ho$

eara Ho$ ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ A§Jm| ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, CZH$m AmH$ma Ed§ ^ma

~‹T>Vm h¡, {Oggo CgH$s H$m¶©j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& J¡[agZ Ed§ AÝ¶ H$m

H$WZ h¡-

eara gå~ÝYr ÑpîQ>H$moU ì¶p³V Ho$ {^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ Am¡a nañna

gå~ÝY na ~b XoVm h¡&

5. gm‘mÝ¶ go {d{eîQ> AZw{H«$¶mAm| ¶m à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m {gÕmÝV

~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg gm‘mÝ¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| go {d{eîQ> à{V{H«$¶mAm| VH$ hmoVm h¡&

habm°H$ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-

{dH$mg H$s g~ AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± {d{eîQ> ~ZZo go nyd© gm‘mÝ¶

àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢&

O¡go- ~mbH$ nhbo Hw$N> ~mobZo ‘§o gab eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡,

naÝVw Yrao-Yrao ghr Zm‘ H$m kmZ hmoZo na dh dñVw H$mo Cgr Ho$ Zm‘ go

nwH$maVm h¡&

6. g‘mZ à{V‘mZ H$m {gÕmÝV

g‘mZ à{V‘mZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V habm°H$ Zo ~Vm¶m {H$-

àË¶oH$ Om{V, Mmho dh newOm{V hmo ¶m ‘Zwî¶ Om{V AnZr Om{V Ho$ AZwê$n hr

{dH$mg Ho$ à{V‘mZ H$m AZwgaU H$aVr h¡&

CXmhaU-Jm¶ H$m ~ÀMm OÝ‘ boVo hr I‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡, naÝVw ‘mZd

{eew OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ‘mÌ amoZm OmZVm h¡ VWm g§gma Ho$ àË¶oH$ ^mJ ‘| {dH$mg

Ho$ EH$ hr à{V‘mZ hmoVo h¢&

7. EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV

EH$sH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ nhbo gånyU© A§J H$mo Am¡a CgHo$

CnamÝV A§J H$mo Am§{eH$ ^mJm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| MbmZm grIVm h¡& O¡go- ~mbH$

àË¶oH$ dñVw H$mo EH$ hr Vah go CR>mVm h¡, naÝVw kmZ hmoZo na dh Yra-Yrao

A§Jw{b¶m| Ed§ hmWm| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ AmgmZr go dñVw H$mo CR>mVm h¡& Bggo kmV

hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh EH$sH$aU Ûmam grIVm h¡&

8. {dH$mg H$s {ZpíMV {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hr hmoVm

h¡& O¡go- àmaå^ ‘| ~mbH$ nhbo AnZm {ga CR>mZm grIVo h¢, CgHo$ CnamÝV

dh AÝ¶ ^mJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm grIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg

{ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡ dh h‘oem {ga go n¡a H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡& AV… V^r

~mbH$ H$mo MbZm-grIZo ‘| 12 go 18 ‘mh H$m g‘¶ bJVm h¡&

9. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m {gÕmÝV

EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Xmo gÝVmZ| g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¢ VWm àË¶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo

h‘ EH$ g‘mZ n¶m©daU Zht Xo nmVo h¢& Bggo ~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Am¡a

~‹T> OmVr h¡& O¡go-bå~mB© Ho$ OrÝg àmá hmoZo na ~mbH$ bå~m hmoJm, naÝVw

bå~mB© Ho$ OrÝg àmá Z hmoZo go CgH$s bå~mB© H$‘ hr ahoJr, {Oggo CgHo$

‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo Om¶oJr& pñH$Za

‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-

{dH$mg Ho$ ñdê$nm| ‘| ì¶mnH$ d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm¶| hmoVr h¢&

10. d§emZwH«$‘ d n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m {gÕmÝV

~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm go àmá JwUm| H$m {dH$mg ~mbH$ àmH¥${VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$

n[adoe ‘| ahH$a H$aVm ho& ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm go àmá

JwU AÝV{Z{h©V hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hr n[aîH¥$V

{H$¶m OmVm h¡& pñH$Za ‘hmoX¶ H$m Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {dMma h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ CZ

gr‘mAm| H$mo {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$ AmJo ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$ Xÿ{fV dmVmdaU ‘| {Zdmg

H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo Hw$nmofU VWm AÝ¶ amoJ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {Oggo CgH$m {dH$mg

à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&
















11. nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Om°Z S>mobmS>© Am¡a Zrb {‘ba h¢& BZHo$ AZwgma ~ÀMo

H$m O¡go-O¡go {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, A{YJ‘ H$aVm OmVm h¡& BÝhm|Zo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$

AZw^dm| H$mo d¶ñH$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡&

BÝhm|Zo AMoVZ H$maH$m| Ho$ A{V[a³V {MÝVm Am¡a A{YJ{‘V ^d H$mo ì¶p³VËd

J{VerbVm ‘| ~hþV A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m h¡& BZHo$ AZwgma ^moOZ, nmZr,

Am°³grOZ Am¡a Vmn Hw$N> A{O©V Amdí¶H$VmE± h¢, naÝVw BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm|

H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE A{O©V ì¶dhma nyU©V… n¶m©á Zht hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo

A{YH$ O{Q>b ì¶dhma H$m A{YJ‘ BZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE H$aZm

hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ZdOmV {eew H$m ñVZnmZ go gå~pÝYV A{O©V ì¶dhma CgH$s

^moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {bE A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ n¶m©á Zht hmoVm h¡, Cgo

^yI H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> A{YH$ ñVZnmZ Ho$ O{Q>b

ì¶dhmam| H$mo grIZm hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ Ho$ Mma ‘hÎdnyU© Ad¶d

h¢- AÝVZm}X (A{^àoaUm), g§Ho$V (CÔrnH), àË¶wÎma (ñd¶§ H$m ì¶dhma)

VWm nwZ~©bZ (nwañH$ma)&

12. gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ ~ÝXÿam Am¡a dmëQ>g© Zo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd

H$s nwpîQ> AZoH$ à¶moJmË‘H$ AÜ¶¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na H$s h¡& ~ÝXÿam| Zo EH$

à¶moJ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo EH$ {’$ë‘ {XImB©, {Og‘| EH$ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma

H$mo àX{e©V {H$¶m J¶m Wm& {’$ë‘ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ Wo& àË¶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Ho$db

EH$ àH$ma H$s {’$ë‘ {XImB© JB©& nhbr {’$ë‘ ‘| {’$ë‘ H$m hramo AmH«$m‘H$

ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aVm Wm Am¡a Bg ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE Cgo XÊS> {X¶m OmVm Wm&

Xÿgar {’$ë‘ ‘| hramo AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aVm Wm Am¡a AnZo Bg AmH«$m‘H$

ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE nwañH¥$V hmoVm Wm& Vrgar {’$ë‘ ‘| AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE

hramo H$mo Z hr nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm Wm Am¡a Z hr XpÊS>V {H$¶m OmVm Wm&

{’$ë‘ H$mo {XImZo Ho$ ~mX àË¶oH$ ~ÀMo H$mo CÝht n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| aIm J¶m,

{OZ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~pÝYV CÝh| {’$ë‘ {XImB© JB© Wr& BZ n[apñW{V¶m|

‘| aIH$a ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$a ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ~ÀMm| Zo Cg

ì¶dhma Am¡a XÊS> go gå~pÝYV Wm& gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV ‘| ì¶dhma H$mo

à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| ‘| Ho$db dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m| H$mo hr ‘hÎd

{X¶m h¡, d§emZwH«$‘ H$maH$m| H$mo H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht {X¶m J¶m h¡&

Cnamo³V {gÕmÝVm| go {gÕ hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo BZ

{gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| C{MV àH$ma go OmZm Om gH$Vm h¡ VWm ¶h VÏ¶mË‘H$

ê$n go ghr VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ> go gË¶Vm H$s H$gm¡Q>r na Om±M Am¡a naI

h¢& ‘mZd H$m {dH$mg BÝht {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AmYma na hr hmoVm h¡&

2.8 {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m ‘hÎd{dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ed§ {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&

Bggo h‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ed§ {dH$mg go gå~pÝYV OmZH$mar àmá hmoVr h¢

AÝ¶Wm h‘ ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm go A[YH$ H$m¶moª H$s Anojm H$aVo h¢& BgH$m

kmZ hmoZo go h‘ ~mbH$m| H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma go ghm¶Vm ¶m CZH$m g‘pÝdV

{dH$mg H$aVo h¢-

1. ~mbH$m| H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV àoaUm àXmZ H$aVo h¢&

2. CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aZo ‘o§ ghm¶Vm

àmá hmoVr h¡&

3. {dH$mg Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| go ~mbH$ ‘| Omo VZmd

CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo Xÿa H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm hmoVr h¡&

4. Bg {gÕmÝVm| H$o kmZ go {ejH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo

OmZH$a hr Cgo ‘mJ©X{e©V H$aVm h¡&

AV… BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ {ejH$m| Ed§ gm‘mÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {b¶o ^r

na‘ Amdí¶H$ Ed§ Cn¶moJr h¡&

2.9 {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmE±dH$mg EH$ bå~r Am¡a AZdaV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& ì¶p³V H$m {dH$mg

AZoH$ MaUm| ‘| hmoVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ d¡km{ZH$m| Zo {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm| H$mo

AbJ-AbJ àH$ma go dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡& ¶o AdñWmE± {ZåZmZwgma h¢-

am°g Ho$ AZwgma-1. e¡edmdñWm 1-3 df©2. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm 3-6 df©3. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm 6-12 df©4. {H$emoamdñWm 12-18 df©

habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma-

~mb {dH$mg Am¡a ~mb AÜ¶¶Z H$s ÑpîQ> go habm°H$ Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m

dJuH$aU gd©‘mÝ¶ ‘mZm J¶m h¡& ¶h ~mbH$m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|

H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡-1. J^m©dñWm J^m©YmZ go OÝ‘ VH$2. e¡edmdñWm OÝ‘ go Xmo gámh VH$3. ~MnZmdñWm Vrgao gámh go Xmo df© VH$4. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm Vrgao df© go N>… df© VH$5. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm gmVd| df© go ~mah df© VH$

6. d¶… gpÝY ~mah df© go Mm¡Xh df© VH$

7. nyd© {H$emoamdñWm Voah go gÌh df© VH$8. CÎma {H$emoamdñWm AR>mah go B³H$sg df© VH$9. àm¡‹T>mdñWm B³H$sg go Mmbrg df© VH$

10. ‘Ü¶mdñWm BH$Vmbrg go gmR> df© VH$

11. d¥ÕmdñWm gmR> Ho$ ~mX

Bg àH$ma d¡km{ZH$m| Zo J^m©dñWm go d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ H$s AdñWm

H$mo Hw$N> {ZpíMV AdñWmAm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡& à‘wI AdñWmE± d CZH$s

{deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm

¶h AdñWm J^m©YmZ go OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ VH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg AdñWm H$s

à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-1. Bg AdñWm ‘| {dH$mg H$s J{V AÝ¶ AdñWmAm| go Vrd« hmoVr h¡&







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2. g‘ñV aMZm, ^ma Am¡a AmH$ma ‘| d¥{Õ VWm AmH¥${V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U

Bgr AdñWm ‘| hmoVm h¡&

3. Bg AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z ‘w»¶V… emar[aH$ hr hmoVo h¢&

2. e¡edmdñWm

OÝ‘ go boH$a 15 {XZ H$s AdñWm H$mo e¡edmdñWm H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg AdñWm

H$mo g‘m¶moOZ H$s AdñWm r H$hm OmVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam {eew H$s C{MV

XoI^mb H$aHo$ Z¶o dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW CgH$m g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

3. ~MnZmdñWm

¶h AdñWm Xmo gámh go àmaå^ hmoH$a Xmo df© VH$ MbVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm Xÿgam|

na {Z^©a hmoZo H$s hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ dh AnZr ‘m±gno{e¶m|

na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm grI OmVm h¡ Am¡a MbZo-~mobZo Am¡a ^moOZ H$aZo H$s

{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ñd¶§ H$aZo bJVm h¡&

g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo Ho$ ^rVa bJ^J

g^r à‘wI g§doJ O¡go- àgÝZVm, H«$moY, hf©, ào‘, K¥Um Am{X CX¶ hmo OmVo

h¢& ¶h AdñWm g§doJ àYmZ hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| g§doJm| H$m àH$Q>rH$aU

Ëd[aV hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw do j{UH$ hmoVo h¢&

4. ~më¶mdñWm

¶h AdñWm emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&

AÜ¶¶Z H$s ÑpîQ> go Bgo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-1. nyd© ~më¶mdñWm 2 go 6 df©2. CÎma ~më¶mdñWm 7 go 12 df©

Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| “{Okmgw” àd¥{Îm A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡, {Oggo

dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm VWm {ejH$m| go Vah-Vah Ho$ gdmb H$aVm h¡&

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘yh àd¥{Îm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& dh Iob d

gm{W¶m| Ho$ gmW ahZm ngÝX H$aVm h¡&

~më¶mdñWm ~mbH$ H$mo OrdZ H$s AZoH$ dmñV{dH$VmAm| go n[a{MV

H$amVr h¡ {OZHo$ ~rM ahH$a dh AnZo OrdZ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo

H$m VarH$m grI boVm h¡ Omo CgHo$ {H$emoa OrdZ Ho$ {bE AmYma H$m H$m¶©

H$aVm h¡&

5. d¶… gpÝY

d¶… gpÝY ~më¶mdñWm Am¡a {H$emoamdñWm H$mo {‘bmZo ‘| goVw H$m H$m¶© H$aVr

h¡& ¶h AdñWm ~hþV H$‘ g‘¶ H$s hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ>

go ¶h ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm ¶m¡Z A§Jm|

H$s n[an³dVm VWm H$m‘ ep³V H$m CX¶ hmoZm h¡&

~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ¶h AdñWm gm‘mÝ¶V… 11 go 13 df© Ho$ ~rM àmaå^

hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mah go Voah df© Ho$ ~rM&

eara ‘| AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø n[adV©Zm| Ho$ H$maU H$^r-H$^r ~mbH$

Am¡a ~m{bH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dM{bV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {Z¶ÝÌU

Imo XoVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo

n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go ~VmZm Mm{hE&

6. {H$emoamdñWm

¶h AdñWm Voah df© go àmaå^ hmoH$a B³H$rg df© VH$ MbVr h¡& Bg AdñWm

H$mo AÜ¶¶Z H$s ÑpîQ> go Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡-

1. nyd© {H$emoamdñWm 13-16 df©

2. CÎma {H$emoamdñWm 17-21 df©

d¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bg AdñWm H$mo OrdZ H$s ñd{U©‘ AdñWm ‘mZm h¡& Bg

AdñWm H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± h¢-

1. gm‘m{OH$Vm

2. H$m‘wH$Vm

¶h AdñWm g‘ñ¶m ~mhþë¶ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg g‘¶ {H$emoam|

H$mo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ g‘m¶moOZ ‘| AZoH$ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm

n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Z Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$,

gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ OrdZ H$m ñdê$n EH$X‘ n[ad{V©V hmo OmVm h¡&

7. àm¡‹T>mdñWm

{H$emoamdñWm Ho$ níMmV² 21 go 40 df© H$s AdñWm àm¡‹T>mdñWm H$hbmVr h¡&

¶h AdñWm H$Îm©ì¶m| VWm CÎmaXm{¶Ëdm| Ho$ {Zdm©h H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm

‘| ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ Ho$ bú¶m| H$mo nmZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& ¶h nm[adm[aH$

OrdZ ‘| àdoe H$s AdñWm h¡& AV… Bg AdñWm ‘§o nm[adm[aH$ Xm{¶Ëdm| H$s

ny{V© Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© {ZU©¶ boVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ^r ì¶p³V H$mo {d{^ÝZ

n[apñW{V¶m| O¡go n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m|, gå~pÝY¶m|, d¡dm{hH$ OrdZ, ì¶dgm¶

Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& g’$b g‘m¶moOZ

Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V A{YH$ gmoM-{dMmaH$a ‘hÎdnyU© {ZU©¶ bo,

³¶m|{H$ {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘| C{MV g‘m¶moOZ Z hmo nmZo na ì¶p³V Hw$ÊR>m Am¡a

Z¡amí¶ H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡&

8. ‘Ü¶mdñWm

41 go 60 df© H$s Am¶w H$mo ‘Ü¶mdñWm ‘mZm J¶m h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| àmUr Ho$

^rVa emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| H$m‘ ep³V H$m

õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V H$s ê${M ~XbZo bJVr h¡& Bg g‘¶ ì¶p³V

gwI empÝV d à{VîR>m go OrZo H$s H$m‘Zm H$aVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| Ho$

à{V ^r ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m± Ñ‹T> hmo OmVr h¢& Bg g‘¶ ì¶p³V H$mo AnZr gÝVmZ Ho$

gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| H${R>ZmB© H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Am¶w Ho$

AÝVamb Ho$ H$maU XmoZm| Ho$ {dMma gmoMZo Ho$ VarH$m| Am{X ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| ‘| AÝVa

hmoVm h¡& C{MV g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo n[adma

Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ gmW C{MV Vmb‘ob aIo, {Oggo CgH$s d¥ÕmdñWm ‘mZ{gH$

gÝVwpîQ> d empÝV Ho$ gmW ì¶VrV hmo&

9. d¥ÕmdñWm

OrdZ H$s ApÝV‘ AdñWm d¥ÕmdñWm h¡ Omo 60 df© go àma§^ hmoH$a OrdZ Ho$

A§{V‘ g‘¶ VH$ ‘mZr OmVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm õmg H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg

AdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| H$m õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& ñ‘aU ep³V

H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& ¶h AdñWm ì¶mdgm[¶H$ OrdZ go AdH$me H$s AdñWm

hmoVr h¡& AV… d¥Õ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ¶h YmaUm ~Z OmVr h¡ {H$ A~ n[adma d

g‘mO H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡& do Xÿgam| na ~moP h¢& CZH$s ¶h YmaUm
















CZ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& do {OÔr Am¡a H«$moYr hmo OmVo h¢, {Oggo

n[adma Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ‘| H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡&

2.10 {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$¶Ú{n ~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m JwUZ’$b hmoVm h¡,

bo{H$Z {’$a ^r Hw$N> VÎd d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo à^m{dV H$a CgHo$

{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¢ ¶m {’$a {dH$mg H$mo Adê$Õ H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$m|

Ho$ {dH$mg na {OZ VÎdm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ do {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. nmofU

{H$gr ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| nmofU ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVm h¡& J^©H$mbrZ

AdñWm go boH$a OrdZn¶©ÝV VH$ àmUr H$mo Or{dV VWm ñdñW ~Zo ahZo

Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ nmofU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& gÝVw{bV d nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ

(àmoQ>rZ, dgm, H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ>, I{ZO-bdU, {dQ>m{‘Z) emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ h¢&

2. ~w{Õ

{H$gr r ~mbH$ H$s ~w{Õ ¶m ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmE± CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|

H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& narjUm| Ho$ níMmV² ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm J¶m h¡ {H$ Vrd«

~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo

~mbH$mo§ H$m nhbr ~ma MbZo Am¡a ~mV H$aZo H$s AdñWm H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m

Am¡a ~Vm¶m {H$ ~hþV àIa ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| MbZo H$s {H«$¶m 13d| ‘hrZo VWm

~mobZo H$s j‘Vm 11d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB© O~{H$ Xþ~©b ~w{Õ Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶hr

{H«$¶mE± H«$‘e… 30d| Am¡a 15 d| ‘hrZo ‘| àH$Q> hþB©&

3. ¶m¡Z

¶m¡Z ôX ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo hr Zht ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV

H$aVm h¡& ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ b‹S>Ho bå~mB© ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|

H$s VwbZm ‘| Hw$N> A{YH$ bå~o hmoVo h¢ naÝVw ~mX H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m|

H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo hr emar[aH$

n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& H$m‘ ep³V ^r b‹S>{H$¶m| ‘| b‹S>H$m| go EH$ Xmo

df© nyd© hr Am OmVr h¡& Xg ½¶mah df© H$s AdñWm AmZo VH$ g‘mZ Am¶w

H$s b‹S>H$s b‹S>H$m| H$s Anojm Hw$N> bå~r hmo OmVr h¡& ~w{Õ narjUm| ‘| ^r ¶h

XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nhbo

‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVr h¢& ¶m¡Z ôX H$m ^r {dH$mg na à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡&

4. AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±

‘mZd eara Ho$ AÝXa Hw$N> Eogr J«pÝW¶m± nm¶r OmVr h¢ Omo eara Ho$ {bE Eogo

ñÌmdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢, Omo emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZm ‘hÎdnyU©

¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& CXmhaU Ho$ {bE Jbo ‘| pñWV noamWm¶amBS> J«pÝW ApñW¶m| Ho$

{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma

Wm°¶amBS> J«pÝW Wm°¶am°p³gZ ñÌm{dV H$aVr h¡, Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& WmB‘g Am¡a Wr{Z¶b J«pÝW H$s

A{V {H«$¶merbVm go eara H$m gm‘mÝ¶ {dH$mg ê$H$ OmVm h¡, {Oggo ~ÀMm|

‘| ~MnZmdñWm Ho$ bjU ~hþV {XZ VH$ ~Zo ahVo h¢& JmoZS> J«pÝW H$s H$‘

{H«$¶merbVm ‘| {H$emoamdñWm AmZo ‘| {dbå~ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H«$¶merbVm ~‹T>Zo

na ¶m¡Z n[an³dVm OëXr Am OmVr h¡&

5. àOm{V

d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma àOmVr¶ {^ÝZVm go {dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm

OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ àOm{V Ho$ bmoJ Xÿgar àOm{V Ho$ bmoJm| go Z Ho$db emar[aH$

JR>Z, dU© Am¡a AmH¥${V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢ A{nVw ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a ~w{Õ

‘| ^r n¥WH²$ hmoVo h¢& habm°H$ Zo Bg ‘V H$mo Zht ‘mZm h¡&

6. amoJ Ed§ MmoQ>

J^©H$mbrZ AdñWm go boH$a ~mX H$s AdñWmAm§o H$s ~r‘m[a¶mo§ VWm AmKmVm|

H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md ~‹‹T>Vm h¡& ~MnZ H$s Jå^ra ~r‘m[a¶m| Am¡a

‘mZ{gH$ AmKmVm| H$m Xþîà^md ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na

n‹S>Vm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡, CgH$m {dH$mg gm‘mÝ¶

T>§J go hmoVm h¡&

7. n[adma

nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU H$B© ê$nm| go {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ O¡go- ‘mVm-

{nVm Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY, n[adma ‘| ~mbH$ H$s pñW{V, n[adma H$m AmH$ma,

~mb nmofU H$s {d{Y¶m± Am{X& ¶{X n[adma H$m AmÝV[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m

hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, grIZo Ho$

C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma {H$¶m

OmVm h¡, ~mbH$-~m{bH$m ‘| AÝVa Zht g‘Pm OmVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m

{dH$mg g^r joÌm| ‘| gm‘mÝ¶ T>§J go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {OZ n[admam| ‘|

‘mVm-{nVm ‘| Amngr VZmd ahVm h¡, ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU C{MV T>§J go

Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡, g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZ ì¶dhma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

CÝh| grIZo Ho$ n¶m©á Adga àXmZ Zht {H$¶o OmVo h¢, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg

{d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gm‘mÝ¶ T>§J go Zht hmoVm h¡&

n[adma ‘| nwéf, ñÌr Am¡a ~ÀMm| ‘| Omo gå~ÝY hmoVo h¡, CÝh| nm[adm[aH$

gå~ÝY H$hVo h¢& n[adma ‘| A{^^mdH$ Am¡a ~mbH$ XmoZm| {H$gr Z {H$gr àH$ma

EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$m| H$mo Amaå^ go hr AÀN>o {ZX}eZ ‘| aIZm

A{^^mdH$m| H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd h¡& àmaå^ go hr ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| aIZo go

‘Z‘wQ>md, H$bh Am¡a g§Kf© H$s pñW{V Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo H$s gå^mdZm H$‘ hmoVr

h¡& A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o aho BgHo$ {bE nhbo Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$

‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘Ywa hm|&

8. {dÚmb¶

àm¶… Mma-nm±M df© H$s Am¶w go g^r ~mbH$ ñHy$b OmVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam

~mbH$ H$mo {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| grIZo H$m n¶m©á Adga àmá hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg

n[an³dVm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ejm H$m ^r n[aUm‘ h¡& AV… ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m

dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m| H$mo n¶m©á {ejU {X¶m OmVm h¡& {ejH$

AnZo ì¶dhma Am¡a kmZ go ~mbH$m| H$m MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$m|

H$m {dH$mg ghr T>§J go hmoVm h¡&







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9. nmg-n‹S>mog H$m dmVmdaU

Ka Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ {Og dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, CgH$m

à^md ^r CgHo$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X nmg-n‹S>mog AÀN>m h¡, Iob H$m

gmW Am¡a {‘Ì AÀN>o h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm

h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV nmg-n‹S>mog Iam~ hmoZo go ~mbH$ ~war g§JV ‘| n‹S>H$a ~mb

AnamYr ~Z OmVo h¢&

10. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU

àË¶oH$ Xoe Am¡a g‘mO H$s AnZr EH$ g§ñH¥${V hmoVr h¡ {OgHo$ AZwê$n àË¶oH$

n[adma AnZo ~mbH$m| H$m nmbZ-nmofU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg

AnZr g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡&

11. ewÕ dm¶w Ed§ àH$me

nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ Ho$ gmW-gmW ewÕ dm¶w ^r OrZo Ho$ {bE {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$

h¡& ewÕ dm¶w a³V H$m ewÕrH$aU H$aVr h¡, {Oggo H$mo{eH$mAm| H$s H$m¶©j‘Vm

~Zr ahVr h¡ Am¡a eara ñdñW ahH$a gwMmê$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go-

J«m‘rU n[adoe ‘| nbo ~mbH$m| H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg bo hr Z hmo CZH$m emar[aH$

{dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV eham| Ho$ V§J ‘H$mZ ‘|, Ohm± àmH¥${VH$

ewÕ dm¶w H$m {ZVmÝV A^md hmoVm h¡, dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ^br

àH$ma Zht hmo nmVm h¡&

Bgr àH$ma ZoÌm| H$s Á¶mo{V H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo Ho$ {bE ^r H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$

ñWmZm| ‘| n¶m©á àH$me H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X àmH¥${VH$ àH$me ì¶dñWm

Z hmo Vmo H¥${Ì‘ àH$me ì¶dñWm hr n¶m©á hmoZr Mm{hE AÝ¶Wm ~mbH$m| H$s ZoÌ

Á¶mo{V à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&

2.10.1 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo nm[adm[aH$ H$maH$

1. A{^^mdH$ A{^d¥{Îm¶m±

~mb {dH$mg ~hþV Hw$N> A{^^mdH$m| H$s A{^d¥{Îm¶m| go à^m{dV Am¡a {ZYm©[aV

hmoVm h¡& H$‘ Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V CÎmaXm{¶Îdm| H$m

{Zdm©h Cg àH$ma Am¡a CVZr AÀN>r Vah go Zht H$aVo h¢, {OVZm {H$ A{YH$

Am¶w dmbo A{^^mdH$ H$aVo h¢&

Hw$N> g§ajH$m§o ‘oo§ AnZo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V A{V-g§ajU H$s A{^d¥{Îm hmoVr

h¡& ¶{X ¶h A{^d¥{Îm A{^^mdH$m| ‘| A{YH$ {XZm| VH$ MbVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|

AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢, O¡go-~oM¡Zr, CÎmo{OV, erK«

naoemZ hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm, Ü¶mZ bJmZo H$s H$‘ ¶mo½¶Vm, Xÿgam| na Am{lV hmoZm,

Xÿgam| go erK« à^m{dV hmoZm, AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm| na {dídmg Z hmoZm Am{X&

Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| H$m {VañH$ma H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢& Bggo

~mbH$ ‘| AmH«$m‘H$Vm, {ZX©¶Vm, PyR> ~mobZo H$s àd¥{Îm, Hw$g‘m¶moOZ, g‘mO

{damoYr ì¶dhma, Aghm¶Vm H$r ^mdZm, Hw$ÊR>m VWm A{YH$ {XImdm H$aZo H$s

àd¥{Îm Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&

Hw$N> A{^^mdH$ àm¶… H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmoVo h¢& A{^^mdH$m| Ho$

H$R>moa ñd^md Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ {d{eîQ> bjU CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢,

O¡go A{V g§doXZerbVm, A{YH$ e‘ubmnZ, hrZVm H$s ^mdZm, erK« ^«{‘V

hmoZm&

2. n[adma H$s ^mdZm

AmOH$b {dH$mgerb Am¡a {dH${gV Xoem| ‘| Ý¶yp³b¶a n[adma A{YH$ bmoH${à¶

hmo aho h¢& BZ n[admam| ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& ~‹S>o n[admam| H$s

Anojm N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢&

g‘mOempñÌ¶m| Ho$ AZwgma ‘Ü¶‘ AmH$ma H$m n[adma gd©loîQ> hmoVm h¡&

Bg n[adma ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{V[a³V VrZ ¶m Mma ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, nm[adm[aH$

Am¡a A{^^mdH$-~mbH$ gå~ÝYm| H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h n[adma H$B© àH$ma go loîR>

hmoVm h¡& {Og n[adma ‘| EH$ hr ~mbH$ hmoVm h¡, dh AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AÝ¶ ~ÀMm|

H$s Anojm A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm h¡& CgH$m n[adma Am¡a g‘yh ‘| gm‘m{OH$

g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go ñZoh ^r A{YH$ àmá

hmoVm h¡&

N>moQ>o n[admam| ‘| A{^^mdH$ AnZo ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW A{YH$ g‘¶ XoVo h¢&

~ÀMm| H$mo g‘mZ Am¡a A{YH$ gw{dYmE± {‘bZo H$s gå^mdZm hmoVr h¡& EH$ ~‹S>m

n[adma {Og‘| 6 ¶m A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢, Cg‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo A{YH$ gw{dYmE±

Xo nmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡& CZ na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm ^r EH$ H${R>Z H$m¶© hmoVm h¡&

~hþYm Bg àH$ma Ho$ n[adma gw{Z¶mo{OV Zht hþAm H$aVo h¢& AV… Eogo n[admam|

‘| ~mb-{dH$mg ‘| {d{dYVm A{YH$ XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&

3. Qy>Q>o n[adma

O~ n[adma ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w, VbmH$ ¶m n[adma Ho$ ~‹So$-~y‹T>o AWdm

{nVm A{YH$ {XZm| Ho$ {bE n[adma go ~mha ahVo h¢, Vmo BZ AdñWmAm| ‘| Mb

aho n[adma Qy>Q>o n[adma H$hbmVo h¢& Eogo n[admam| ‘| Am{W©H$ g‘ñ¶mE± A{YH$

O{Q>b hmoVr h¢& ¶h ^r AdñWm hmo gH$Vr h¡ {H$ n[adma ‘| ‘m± Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm|

H$m nmbZ-nmofU {nVm H$mo H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo AWdm {nVm Z hmo Am¡a ~ÀMm| H$m

nmbZ-nmofU ‘m± H$mo AHo$bo hr H$aZm n‹S> ahm hmo& BZ g^r n[apñW{V¶m| H$m

~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na AË¶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

4. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dgm¶

~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ¶h EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡& {nVm Ho$

ì¶dgm¶ H$m n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go àË¶j gå~ÝY h¡& A{YH$ Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s

gm‘m{OH$ à{VîR>m ~hþV Hw$N> {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ go {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Omo ~mbH$

AnZo {nVm Ho$ ì¶dgm¶ H$mo ~VmZo ‘| e‘© H$m AZw^d H$aVo h¢, CZ ~ÀMm| ‘|

{nVm Ho$ à{V {dnarV A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {Z{‘©V hmoVr h¢& ‘m± H$m ì¶dgm¶ ^r ~mbH$m|

Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ‘m± {H$gr ì¶dgm¶ ‘|

hmoVr h¡, Vmo N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$mo AHo$bo ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| AHo$bonZ Am¡a

AàgÝZVm H$s ^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&

5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa

~mb-{dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa H$maH$ ^r ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J

go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& ‘Ü¶‘ loUr n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMm| go ¶h Amem H$s OmVr

h¡ {H$ dh gm‘m{OH$ AZwê$nVm ñWm{nV H$a|Jo AWm©V² ~ÀMo g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m|

‘yë¶m| Am¡a ì¶dhma n«{V‘mZm| Ho$ AZwgma ì¶dhma H$a|Jo& dh H$moB© Eogm H$m¶© Z

H$a|, {Ogo {H$ n[adma H$s ~XZm‘r ¶m AmbmoMZm hmo& O~ ~mbH$m| Ho$ n[adma H$m

gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CZHo$ {‘Ìm| Ho$ n[admamo§ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa go

{ZåZ hmoVm h¡, V~ ~mbH$ hrZ ^mdZm ‘hgyg H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X ~mbH$
















Ho$ n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa CÀM h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, ‘mVm

Am¡a {nVm na Jd© H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& ¶h hrZ ^mdZm Am¡a Jd© Ho$ AZw^d

^r ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&

6. A{^^mdH$m| H$m njnmV

A{YH$m§e A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘mZVm H$m ì¶dhma Zht H$a nmVo h¢&

EZ. ~obo Zo AnZo EH$ AÜ¶¶Z ‘| XoIm {H$ ‘m± AnZo ~oQ>o H$m ~o{Q>¶m| H$s Anojm

A{YH$ nj boVr h¡ VWm {nVm AnZr ~oQ>r H$m ~oQ>m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ nj boVm

h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V nhbo ~ÀMo H$mo ^r ‘m± A{YH$ ñZoh H$aVr h¡ Am¡a A{YH$

nj boVr h¡& BgHo$ Abmdm ‘mVm-{nVm Cg ~ÀMo H$m ^r nj boVo h¢, Omo

{Z¶{‘V ê$n go ñHy$b OmVm h¡, {OgH$s AÀN>r AmXV| hmoVr h¢ ¶m Omo n[adma

‘| A{YH$ bmoH${à¶ hmoVm h¡& O~ ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo H$B© ~ÀMm| ‘| go Ho$db EH$

¶m Hw$N> H$m nj boVo h¢ VWm AÝ¶ H$m Zht, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$m ~mb-{dH$mg

na ZH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

7. OÝ‘ H«$‘

~mb {dH$mg na ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘-MH«$ H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& AÜ¶¶Zm| ‘| ¶h

XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘mVm-{nVm nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V AÀN>r A{^d¥{Îm hr Zht aIVo

h¢, ~pëH$ nhbo ~mbH$ H$mo dar¶Vm A{YH$ XoVo h¢& nhbo ~mbH$ ‘| n[an³dVm,

AZwê$nVm Am¡a Am{lVVm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& nhbo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mX Omo ~mbH$ hmoVo

h¢, CZHo$ gmW ^r ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ì¶dhma AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, bo{H$Z ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMo

nhbo ~ÀMo H$s Anojm AnZo AmnH$mo {VañH¥$V g‘PVo h¢& Bggo ~mX Ho$ ~ÀMm|

Ho$ {dH$mg na à{VHy$b à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

2.10.2 ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {dÚmb¶ gå~ÝYr H$maH$

ñHy$b {ejm H$m ‘hÎdnyU© loîR> Am¡a g{H«$¶ gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd

{dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡& 5-6 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| O~ ~mbH$

{dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe boVm h¡, Vmo CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m Xm¶am ~‹T> OmVm h¡&

{dÚmb¶ Ho$ {‘Ìm| Am¡a AÜ¶mnH$m| Ho$ gmW CgH$s AÝV-{H«$¶mE± àmaå^ hmo

OmVr h¡& bJ^J 7 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$s ¶h AÝV…{H«$¶mE± A{YH$ ~‹T>Zo

bJ OmVr h¡& 11-12 df© H$s AdñWm VH$ CgH$s {dÚmb¶ go gå~pÝYV

AÝV…{H«$¶mE± n[adma H$s Anojm A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&

1. Zg©ar ñHy$b Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg

Zg©ar ñHy$b Ho$ ~ÀMm| na {H$¶o J¶o AÜ¶¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ Zg©ar

ñHy$b Ho$ dh ~ÀMo {OZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm H$m g‘m¶moOZ AÀN>m hmoVm h¡, ñHy$b

‘| Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m g‘m¶moOZ ^r AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& BZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ XmoñV OëXr

~Z OmVo h¢& ¶o ~ÀMo ñHy$b Ho$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^r AÝ¶ g‘m¶mo{OV ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm

A{YH$ AÀN>o hmoVo h¢& ¶o {‘ÌdV² hmoVo h¢, AÝ¶ gmWr ~ÀMm| ‘| bmoH${à¶ hmoVo

h¢, ‘m¡{bH$Vm Am¡a {Z‘m©UerbVm Ho$ JwU A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVo h¢, BZ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$

{Okmgm ^r AÝ¶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&

2. àmB‘ar {dÚmb¶ Am¡a ~mb {dH$mg

Omo ~ÀMo àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| àdoe go nyd© Zg©ar ñHy$b ‘| {ejm J«hU H$a

MwHo$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Z¶o dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| CVZr H${R>ZmB© Zht

hmoVr, {OVZr {H$ CZ ~mbH$m| H$s {OZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| nhbr ~ma àdoe hþAm

h¡& Bgr àH$ma {OZ ~ÀMm| H$mo AÀN>m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU Am¡a à{ejU {‘bm

h¡ CZH$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| g‘m¶moOZ AÝ¶ ~ÀMm| H$s Anojm OëXr Am¡a AÀN>m hmo

OmVm h¡&

3. H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU

H$jm Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ na à^md n‹S>Vm

h¡& ¶{X H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU, àOmVÝÌmË‘H$, gh¶moJnyU© h¡, Vmo {dÚmWu

‘| H$jm Ho$ AÝ¶ {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma Ed§ gh¶moJ H$s ^mdZm

{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& {OZ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| H$jm AÜ¶mnH$ hr gd}gdm© hmoVm h¡,

H$jm-H$j H$m dmVmdaU {Za§Hw$edmXr H$hbmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘|

n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| {dÐmoh H$s àd¥{Îm, {ZpîH«$¶Vm H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘|

nm¶r OmVr h¡& Eogr H$jmAm| ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚmWu AÜ¶mnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘|

H$moB© aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶© Zht H$a nmVo h¢& CZ H$jmAm| ‘| Ohm± AÜ¶mnH$ {dÚm{W©¶m|

H$mo nyar Ny>Q> XoVm h¡ Am¡a H$jm ‘| n‹T>Zo dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gwPmdm| H$mo ~hþV

A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡, CZ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nañna Ûof H$m ^md nm¶m

OmVm h¡& BZ {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| aMZmË‘H$Vm H$m A^md nm¶m OmVm h¡&

4. AÜ¶mnH$-{dÚmWu gå~ÝY

EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Ho$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$ ‘m± H$m à{VñWm{nV ê$n h¡& Xÿgar Amoa Hw$N>

~‹S>o ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE {ejH$ dh d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V h¡, Omo AmXaUr¶ Am¡a àe§gm

nmZo dmbm h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Mm{hE& AÜ¶mnH$ H$s

A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu AË¶{YH$ g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢& BZ g~ ~mVm| H$m

~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na AË¶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ ¶{X H$jm ‘o§ S>am-Y‘H$m H$a ¶m ‘ma-nrQ>H$a {ejm

XoVm h¡, Vmo H$jm Ho$ {dÚmWu ^r H$R>moa ñd^md dmbo hmo OmVo h¢&

O~ ~mbH$ {ZåZ dJ© go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$m| Am¡a AÜ¶mnH$m|

Ho$ ‘yë¶ ‘| ImB© hmoVr h¡& Eogm ~mbH$ ¶m Vmo {ejH$m| H$s Amkm H$m nmbZ Zht

H$aVm ¶m AmH«$m‘H$ ad¡¶m AnZmVm h¡ ¶m CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm H$jm ‘|

AZwnpñWV ahVm h¡& Eogo {dÚmWu Yr‘r J{V go grIVo h¢&

5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ

{dÚmb¶ H$m AZwemgZ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm¶m| H$mo ‘hÎdnyU©

T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ à^wËdmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡, Vmo

Eogo dmVmdaU CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡, O¡go- A{YH$ g§doXZerbVm, AÝV‘w©Ir

ì¶p³VËd, g§Xoh H$aZm, e‘ubmnZ, AbJ-AbJ Am¡a AHo$bm ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm

Am{X& O~ {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ àOmVm§{ÌH$ àH$ma H$m hmoVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$mo§

‘| àgÝZVm, gh¶moJ, AmË‘ ‘hÎd Am¡a {dídmg H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am{X ì¶p³VÎd

{deofVmE± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¢&

Hw$N> {dÚmWu Eogo hmoVo h¢, {OZH$s H$jm ‘| CnbpãY CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm|

H$mo XoIVo hþE AnojmH¥$V Hw$N> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& {dÚmWu H$s H$‘ e¡{jH$ CnbpãY

H$m H$maU n[adma, ñHy$b Am¡a {dÚmWu go ñd¶§ go gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vm h¡& BZ

g~H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Am¡a A{YJ‘ na n‹S>Vm h¡&

EH$ AÝ¶ AÜ¶¶Z ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ àmW{‘H$ ñHy$b Ho$ AZw^dm|

Am¡a ~ÀMm| Ho$ ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V àË¶jrH$aU ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& Bg AÜ¶¶Z







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‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m {H$ Omo ~ÀMo ¶h g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {ejH$ H$s ÑpîQ> ‘| dh AÀN>o

~ÀMo h¢& Eogo ~ÀMm| H$m ì¶dhma A{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoVm h¡ VWm Eogo ~ÀMm| H$s

e¡{jH$ CnbpãY ^r AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡& ~ÀMm| H$mo gm‘m{OH$

VWm g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ñHy$b Ho$ gmW g‘yh H$m à^md gdm©{YH$ n‹S>Vm h¡&

6. ñHy$b Am¡a M[aÌ

n[adma Ho$ ~mX {dÚmb¶ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ Am¡a Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg na

‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Ho$ {ejH$, ghnmR>r Am¡a dmVmdaU

Am{X g^r Hw$N> ~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg ‘| Hw$N> ¶moJXmZ Adí¶ XoVo h¢& EH$

{dÚmb¶ {Og H$m gm‘mÝ¶ AZwemgZ Am¡a ì¶dñWm R>rH$ hmoVr h¡, dhm± n‹T>Zo

dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gwÝXa dmVmdaU {‘bVm h¡&

7. ñHy$b Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

{dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$m| Am¡a ~mbH$m| Ho$ {‘Ì ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|

¶moJXmZ XoVo h¢& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZr Am¶w Ho$ AZoH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW

~¡R>Zo Am¡a grIZo H$m Adga hr Zht {‘bVm h¡, ~pëH$ Cgo ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| Ho$

gm‘m{OH$ AZw^d gwZZo Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIZo H$m Adga {‘bVm

h¡& ’$bñdê$n dh g‘mO Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘yë¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma H$m A{YJ‘

H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| dh gh¶moJ, {‘ÌVm, CÎmaXm{¶Îd Am¡a AmË‘{Z^©aVm

Am{X grIVm h¡&

2.11 ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r

g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Am{X

g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|

‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,

gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ njm|

H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¡-

1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg

ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,

eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ, Am{X

‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$

pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ AÝ¶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$

ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, àË¶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,

ê${M, Ü¶mZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$

{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

3. ^mfm¶r {dH$mg

~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^ì¶³V

H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdÝ¶mË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CgH$m

{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg

CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,

~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&

4. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg

~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb

àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~

¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md

H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,

CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

5. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$m g‘mO Ed§ CgH$s e¡br H$mo grIZo

Am¡a CgHo$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo go hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ {Og g‘mO ‘| ahVm h¡

CgH$s ^mfm, ahZ-ghZ, ar{V-[admO, naånamE± Am{X H$mo grIZo ‘| Cgo

AnZo Amngo g‘m¶moOZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡& Omo ~mbH$ BZHo$ {bIZo Ed§ Aä¶mg

‘| AÀN>m g‘m¶moOZ H$a gH$Vm h¡ dh gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go A{YH$ {dH${gV

H$hbmVm h¡& g§jon ‘| gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| go g‘m¶moOZ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

H$hbmVm h¡&

6. Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg

Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡- gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma

AmMaU H$aZm& BgHo$ {bE ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h

{Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$

ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|,

ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm| Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

M[aÌ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma, AmMaU H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

AV… XmoZm| ‘| AÝVa h¡&

2.12 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎdA{^d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s OmZH$mar AÜ¶mnH$ Am¡a A{^^mdH$ Ho$

{bE {ZåZmZwgma bm^àX hmo gH$Vr h¡-

1. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡& AV… AÜ¶mnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Y¡¶©nyd©H$ gVV² à¶ËZ H$aVo ah|&

2. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go AÜ¶mnH$m| Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| Ho$

{dH$mg H$s àË¶oH$ AdñWm ‘| àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo CgH$s ñd¶§ H$s j‘Vm, ¶mo½¶Vm Am¡a gr‘mAm| Ho$ AÝXa {dH$mg Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aVo ahZm Mm{hE&

3. {dH$mg H«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam h‘| ¶h kmV hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ A‘wH$

~mbH$ H$s A‘wH$ AdñWm VH$ ³¶m {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE Am¡a BgHo$ AZwgma h‘ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE n¶m©daUr¶ AZw^dm| H$m g§JR>Z H$a Cg

AdñWm VH$ H$s nyU©Vm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$a gH$Vo h¢&
















4. gm‘mÝ¶ go {d{eîQ> Ed§ g‘Ýd¶ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A{YJ‘

à{H«$¶mAm| Am¡a A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s ¶moOZm Ed§ g§JR>Z H$aZo Ho$

{bE H$a gH$Vo h¢ {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| A{YH$V‘

bm^ {‘b gHo$&

5. nañna gå~ÝY Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go AÜ¶mnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ¶h

g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr EH$ nj Ho$ {dH$mg

H$s Amoa hr A{YH$ Ü¶mZ Zht XoZm h¡ daZ² gånyU© {dH$mg H$s Amoa

Ü¶mZ XoZm h¡ AÝ¶Wm EH$ hr nj Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU {dH$mg Ho$

AÝ¶ nj à^m{dV hm|Jo&

6. MH«$mH$ma {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s OmZH$mar go AÜ¶mnH$ Ed§

A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {H$gr ñVa VH$ CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ

Ho$ {bE n¶m©á dmVmdaU àXmZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

7. {ZpíMV {Xem Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na AÜ¶mnH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AdñWmAm| H$m g§MmbZ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg {Xem ‘| {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

8. d§eH«$‘ Ed§ n¶m©daU H$s A§V…{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV go ~mbH$ H$s gr‘mAm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a CZ gr‘mAm| ‘| A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg H$o {bE C{MV Ed§ n¶m©á n¶m©daUr¶ pñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

******* *******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-(1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm

(2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm

(3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma

ûm¥§Ibm

(4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm

2. ‘mZd A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© h¡-(1) ‘mZd eara Ho$ AmH$ma, ^ma d H$m¶©ep³V¶m| ‘| d¥{Õ

(2) ‘mZd H$m kmZ ~‹T>Zm

(3) ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg hmoZm

(4) AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoZm

3. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg h¡-(1) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr (2) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ

(3) EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

4. {dH$mg CËnmX h¡-(1) A{YJ‘ H$m

(2) n[an³dVm H$m

(3) A{YJ‘ VWm n[an³dVm H$m

(4) Aä¶mg H$m

5. {dH$mg H$s [Xem hmoVr h¡-(1) {ZpíMV

(2) A{ZpíMV

(3) {ZpíMV d A{ZpíMV XmoZm| àH$ma H$s


6. d¥{Õ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ³¶m ghr Zht h¡?(1) A{^d¥{Õ emar[aH$ hmoVr h¡&

(2) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mÌmË‘H$ hmoVr h¡&

(3) A{^d¥{Õ ‘mnZr¶ hmoVr h¡&

(4) A{^d¥{Õ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&

7. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶ Zht h¡?(1) {dH$mg H$s àË¶oH$ AdñWm Ho$ AnZo IVao h¡&

(2) {dH$mg CH$gmZo/~‹T>mdm XoZo go Zht hmoVm h¡&

(3) {dH$mg gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[adV©Zm| go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

(4) {dH$mg H$s àË¶oH$ AdñWm H$s AnZr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¡&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.

(3) (1) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2)

AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a aho h¢ Vmo

Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘|

Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu

{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&REET - 94604 43210UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©, ‘m°S>b

nong© Ed§ AÝ¶ AÜ¶¶Z gm‘J«r ôOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z {H$¶m OmEJm,

Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$

H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU

àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr

h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s


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8. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ ~mao ‘| gË¶ Zht h¡?(1) {dH$mg AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&

(2) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶dpñWV ûm¥§Ibm H$m AZwJm‘r h¡&

(3) {dH$mg EH$ ì¶p³VJV à{H«$¶m h¡&

(4) {dH$mg {d{eîQ> go gm‘mÝ¶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&

9. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z ~mbH$m| H$s A[^d¥{Õ H$mo

Xem©Vm h¡/h¢?(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$s bå~mB© ‘| n[adV©Z

(2) ~mbH$ H$s ApñW¶m| Ho$ AmH$ma Ed§ ‘mÌm ‘|$ n[adV©Z

(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ Hw$b emar[aH$ ^ma ‘| n[adV©Z

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

10. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr h¡?(1) {dH$mg ‘| A{^d¥{Õ {Z{hV ahVr h¡&

(2) {dH$mg gVV² n[adV©Z H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&

(3) {dH$mg ‘| g^r n[adV©Z {ZíM¶mË‘H$ hmoVo h¢&

(4) {dH$mg EH$ OrdZn¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&

ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-

(1) Ho$db 1 ghr h¡ (2) Ho$db 2 ghr h¡

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 ghr h¢ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡

11. ‘mZdr¶ ‘yë¶m| Omo àH¥${V ‘| gmd©{ÌH$ h¡, Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AW© h¢?(1) ‘VmamonU (2) A§JrH$aU

(3) AZwH$aU (4) A{^ì¶p³V

12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡?(1) n[adma (2) g‘mO

(3) {dÚmb¶ (4) ¶o g^r

13. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo ‘w»¶ H$maH$ h¡/h¢-(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n¶m©daU

(3) d§emZwH«$‘ d n¶m©daU (4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht

14. {dH$mg Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) Ooåg S´>oda (2) am°~Q>© [aMS>©gZ gr¶g©

(3) ³bmH©$ hb (4) ‘¡³Sy>Jb

15. gmW©H$ A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm go Amaå^ hmoVr

h¡?(1) {H$emoamdñWm go (2) d¶ñH$mdñWm go

(3) e¡edmdñWm go (4) ~më¶mdñWm go

16. {H$g AdñWm ‘| K{ZîR> {‘ÌVm H$s àd¥{Îm nmB© OmVr h¡?(1) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

(3) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mb {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV Zht H$aVm

h¡?(1) g§ñH¥${V (2) àOm{V

(3) d¥{Õ (4) CnbpãY

18. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo H$s J{V gdm©{YH$

hmoVr h¡?(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm

(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

19. ‘mZd H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘§o go {H$g na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡?(1) CgH$s d¥{Õ na

(2) CgHo$ dmVmdaU na

(3) CgH$s ~w{Õ na

(4) CgH$s d¥{Õ VWm dmVmdaU go {‘bZo dmbr n[an³dVm na

20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh Ho$

g{H«$¶ gXñ¶ hmo OmVo h¢?(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm

(3) nyd© ~më¶mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm

21. g§H$ënZmAm| H$s ì¶dpñWV àñVw{V {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g

{gÕmÝV Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV hmo gH$Vr h¡?(1) {dÚmWu {^ÝZ Xam| na {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&

(2) {dH$mg gmnoj ê$n go H«${‘H$ hmoVm h¡&

(3) {dH$mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&

(4) {dH$mg {df‘OmVr¶Vm go ñdm¶ÎmVm H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡&

22. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?(1) {dH$mg H$s g^r à{H«$¶mE± AÝV…gå~pÝYV Zht h¡&

(2) g^r H$s {dH$mg Xa g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡&

(3) {dH$mg h‘oem aoIr¶ hmoVm h¡&

(4) ¶h {ZaÝVa MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m Zht h¡&

23. d¥{Õ eãX H$m à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE VWm {dH$mg H$m

à¶moJ .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ gmW-gmW .......... n[adV©Zm| Ho$ {bE

^r hmoVm h¡&(1) ì¶mdhm[aH$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$

(2) ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$

(3) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$

(4) n[a‘mUmË‘H$, ì¶mdhm[aH$, n[a‘mUmË‘H$

24. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V n[an³d hmo OmVm h¡?(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm


8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.

(4) (4) (4) (2) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (1) (2) (2) (3) (4)
















25. {ejU H$s {d{^ÝZ {d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr AdñWm gdm©{YH$

Cn¶w³V h¡?(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm


26. ‘¢ H$m¡Z hÿ±, ‘¢ ³¶m hÿ±, ‘¢ ^r Hw$N> hÿ±, Am{X O¡gr à~b ^mdZmE±, ~mbH$

Ho$ {dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm H$s gyMH$ hmoVr h¡?(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm

(3) àm¡‹T>mdñWm (4) ~më¶mdñWm

27. EH$ 13 dfu¶ ~mbH$ ~mV-~mV ‘| AnZo ~‹S>m| go PJ‹S>m H$aZo bJVm

h¡ Am¡a h‘oem ñd¶§ H$mo ghr gm{~V H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& dh

{dH$mg H$s {H$g AdñWm ‘| h¡?(1) àmapå^H$ ~më¶mdñWm

(2) {H$emoamdñWm

(3) ¶wdmdñWm

(4) ~më¶mdñWm

28. am°g Ho$ AZwgma e¡edmdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡-(1) 1 go 3 df© (2) 1 go 5 df©

(3) 1 go 4 df© (4) 1 go 6 df©

29. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> go ‘mZd {dH$mg H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWmE± ‘hÎdnyU© h¢?(1) e¡edmdñWm, ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm

(2) ~më¶mdñWm, {H$emoamdñWm, d¶ñH$mdñWm

(3) {g’©$ {H$emoamdñWm

(4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

30. {H$g AdñWm Ho$ àW‘ 6 dfm] ‘| ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ 12 dfm] go A{YH$

grI boVm h¡?(1) e¡edmdñWm

(2) ~më¶mdñWm

(3) {H$emoamdñWm


31. e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma {ejm Xr OmZr Mm{hE-(1) AmË‘ àXe©Z Ho$ Adga

(2) {MÌm| d H$hm{Z¶m| Ûmam {ejm

(3) {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s {ejm

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

32. ñQ>oZbo hm°b Zo {H$g AdñWm H$mo ~‹S>o g§Kf©, VZmd d Vy’$mZ H$s

AdñWm H$hm h¡?(1) J^m©dñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm

(3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) {H$emoamdñWm

33. {H$emoamdñWm H${R>Z H$mb H$hm OmVm h¡$-(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm Ho$ H$maU

(2) ‘yë¶m|, AmXem] d g§doJm| ‘| g§Kf© Ho$ H$maU

(3) AmdoJm| d g§doJm| ‘| n[adV©Z Ho$ H$maU

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

34. {H$emoamdñWm H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm h¡-(1) H$m‘ ep³V H$s n[an³dVm

(2) ñdVÝÌVm d {dÐmoh H$s ^mdZm

(3) OrdZ Xe©Z H$m {Z‘m©U

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

35. {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ {dH$mg H$m/Ho$ {gÕmÝV h¡/h¢-(1) Ëd[aV {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV

(2) H«$‘e… {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV

(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|


36. {dH$mgmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$m àË¶¶ {X¶m h¡?(1) Mmëg© S>m{d©Z Zo (2) S>mëQ>Z Zo

(3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) hoqdJhñQ>© Zo

37. {H$emoamdñWm H$m Amaå^ hmoVm h¡-(1) 8 df© H$s Am¶w go (2) 11 df© H$s Am¶w go

(3) 12 df© H$s Am¶w go (4) 16 df© H$s Am¶w go

38. {H$emoamdñWm H$s Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVm h¡-(1) g‘m¶moOZ H$m A^md

(2) ‘mZd Y‘© H$m ‘hÎd

(3) g§ñH¥${V d gä¶Vm H$m g§ajU

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

39. e¡edmdñWm ‘| g§M¶rH$mb {H$go H$hVo h¢?(1) OÝ‘ go 3 df© (2) 1 go 3 df©

(3) 2 go 5 df© (4) 3 go 6 df©

40. {H$emoam| H$s ê${M ‘| ñWm{¶Ëd {H$g H$mb ‘| AmVm h¡?(1) 12-14 df© (2) 13-15 df©

(3) 14-16 df© (4) 16-18 df©

41. e¡edmdñWm H$r {deofVm Zht h¡-(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| Vrd«Vm

(2) Xÿgam| na {Z^©aVm

(3) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o Vrd«Vm

(4) Z¡{VH$Vm H$m hmoZm

25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

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42. ~MnZ Ho$ gmåà{VH$ X¥pîQ>H$moU H$s ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡-(1) ~hþV VarHo$ go ~ÀMo àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ~am~a hmoVo h¢&

(2) ~ÀMm| H$mo ¶wdm àmßVd¶ñH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| g~go AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

(3) ~MnZ AmYm[aV ê$n go àVrjm Ad{Y h¡&

(4) ~MnZ d¥{Õ Ed§ n[adV©Z H$s EH$ AZyR>r Ad{Y h¡&

43. {ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| H$m ñdm^m{dH$, g‘ag d

àJ{Verb {dH$mg h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) ßboQ>mo H$m

(2) ê$gmo H$m

(3) AañVy H$m

(4) noñQ>mbm°Or H$m

44. ‘mZd H$s A{^d¥{Õ EH$ {ZpíMV Am¶w VH$ hmoVr h¡& ¶h ‘mZr OmVr h¡-(1) 10 df© VH$ (2) 18 df© VH$

(3) 40 df© VH$ (4) 60 df© VH$

45. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZm {ejH$ H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡-(1) {ejmWu H$s Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘ H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|

(2) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ³¶m| n‹T>mZm Mm{hE, ¶h Am¡{MË¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘|

(3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s {^ÝZ A{YJ‘-e¡{b¶m| H$mo à^mdr ê$n go gå~mo{YV

H$aZo ‘|

(4) {ejmWu Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ ñVa H$mo nhMmZZo ‘|

46. {dH$mg H$^r Z g‘má hmoZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h {dMma {H$ggo

gå~pÝYV h¡?(1) AÝV…gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV


(3) EH$sH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m {gÕmÝV

47. ‘mZd {dH$mg Hw$N> {deof {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|

go H$m¡Zgm ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {gÕmÝV Zht h¡?(1) AmZwH«${‘H$Vm (2) gm‘mÝ¶ go [d{eîQ>

(3) à{VdVu (4) {ZaÝVaVm

48. {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo-(1) ì¶p³VËd H$m {díbofU {H$¶m&

(2) ‘yb àd¥Ë¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m {díbofU {H$¶m&

(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m {díbofU {H$¶m&


49. OÝ‘ go nyd©H$mb ‘| {H$VZr AdñWmE± hmoVr h¢?(1) 2 (2) 3

(3) 4 (4) 5

50. {dH$mg Ho$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| g‘¶ Ho$ gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| ‘| {ZåZ ‘|

go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?(1) ê$n (2) Xa

(3) AZwH«$‘ (4) BZ‘| go g^r

51. {ZMbr H$jmAm| ‘| {ejU H$s Iob nÕ{V ‘ybê$n go AmYm[aV h¡-(1) emar[aH$ {ejm H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na

(2) {ejU-nÕ{V¶m|$ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| na

(3) {dH$mg Ed§ d¥{Õ Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| na

(4) {ejU Ho$ g‘mOemñÌr {gÕmÝVm| na

52. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg

H$s ÑpîQ> go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$ g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

‘| ^r CVZo hr nrN>o ah OmVo h¢?(1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV



(4) {dH$mg H$s {Xem H$m {gÕmÝV

53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm

AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ h¡?1. ~w{Õ 2. emar[aH$ H$maU 3. AmZwd§{eH$ JwU

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

54. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm

~mø H$maH$ h¡?1. Am{W©H$ pñW{V 2. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V 3. OrdZ H$s KQ>ZmE±

(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 2 Ed§ 3

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

55. ~mb {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$

bJ^J g^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ JË¶mË‘H$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg ‘| EH$ {ZpíMV

à{V‘mZ Am¡a H«$‘ {XImB© n‹S>Vm h¡?(1) {ZaÝVaVm H$m {gÕmÝV




56. ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a ~më¶mdñWm VH$ H$m

(2) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ nyd© J^m©dñWm go boH$a {H$emoamdñWm VH$ H$m

(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ H$m

(4) ~mbH$ H$o OÝ‘ go boH$a ¶wdmdñWm VH$ H$m

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

(4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (2)
















57. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘|

Am¡gV go A{YH$ d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, do emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg ‘| ^r H$m’$s AmJo ~‹T>o hþE nmE OmVo h¢?(1) nañna gå~ÝY H$m {gÕmÝV





~mbH$ g~go nhbo AnZo {ga Am¡a wOmAm| H$s J{V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm

grIVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$o ~mX {’$a AnZo n¡am| na?(1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV




59. ~mb {dH$mg H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ~mbH$ nhbo

nyao hmW H$mo, {’$a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo Am¡a {’$a hmW Am¡a A±Jw{b¶m| H$mo EH$

gmW MbmZm grIVm h¡?(1) nañna gå~ÝY (2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘

(3) EH$sH$aU (4) {ZaÝVaVm

60. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go

H$m¡Zgm/H$m¡Zgo H$WZ gË¶ h¡/h¢?1. {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&

2. {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&

3. EH$ hr Om{V {deof Ho$ g^r gXñ¶m| ‘| {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> g‘mZ {deofVmE±

{XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡&

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) Ho$db 2 (4) ¶o g^r


~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡?(1) d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa H$m {gÕmÝV




62. ~mb {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m kmZ AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Eogr Cn¶w³V .........

n[apñW{V¶m| VWm {dH$mg dmVmdaU Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡,

{Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m A{YH$ go A{YH$ nyU© Ed§ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmo gHo$&(1) Am{W©H$ (2) gm‘m{OH$

(3) {ejU-A{YJ‘ (4) d¡¶p³VH$ A{YJ‘

63. {deof Ad{Y Ho$ Xm¡amZ, {dH$mg àJ{V H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Ad{Y ‘|

g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE {dam‘ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {dam‘ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g

{Z¶‘ H$mo AZwg[aV H$aVm h¡?(1) g‘Ýd¶ H$m {gÕmÝV


(3) MH«$mH$ma àJ{V H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) g‘mZ-à{V‘mZ H$m {gÕmÝV

64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ~mb {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m|

H$mo hr ‘hÎd XoVm h¡?(1) {dH$mg H«$‘ H$s EH$ê$nVm H$m {gÕmÝV

(2) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV



65. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m Wm?(1) S>mobmS>© (2) {‘ba

(3) {n¶mOo (4) d¡ÊSw>am Am¡a dmëQ>g©

66. {H$emoamdñWm dh AdñWm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ {dH$mg‘mZ ì¶p³VËd

~më¶mdñWm go| àm¡‹T>mdñWm VH$ nhþ±MVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) OaerëS> (2) H$ma‘mBHo$b

(3) {Ho$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) hÝQ>

67. {H$emoa àm¡‹T>m| H$mo AnZo ‘mJ© ‘§o ~mYm g‘PVm h¡, Omo Cgo AnZr

ñdVÝÌVm H$m bú¶ àmßV H$aZo go amoH$Vo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?(1) H$m°bg{ZH$ (2) S´>oda

(3) ñQ>oZbo hm°b (4) {~½Jr

68. ¶m¡Z, ¶{X g‘ñV OrdZ H$m Zht, Vmo {H$emoamdñWm H$m Adí¶ hr ‘yb

VÎd h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) pñH$Za

(3) h¡S>mo H$‘oQ>r [anmoQ>© (4) am°g

69. O~ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CZHo$ {dnarV {deofVmAm| dmbo {dH${gV hmoVo

h¢, Vmo ¶hm± na {gÕmÝV bmJy hmoVm h¡-(1) g‘mZVm H$m

(2) {d{^ÝZVm H$m

(3) ‘yb OrdmUw H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m

(4) àË¶mJ‘Z H$m

70. ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ na {Z^©a

hmoVm h¡?(1) A{^d¥{Õ (2) n[an³dZ

(3) {dH$mg (4) Cnamo³V g^r

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70.

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71. {ejH$ Ho$ {bE {dH$mg {gÕmÝVm| H$s g‘P Oê$ar h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) {ejH$ ~mb-{dH$mg H$m àË¶j nmofH$ h¡&

(2) {dH$mg {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| H$s {ejm, IobHy$X VWm nmR²>¶H«$‘ M¶Z

gå~ÝYr ‘mJ©Xe©Z ‘| Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVo h¢&

(3) {ejH$ BZH$s g‘P Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CÎm‘ {ejU ì¶dñWm H$a nmVm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ghr h¡&

72. ~mbH$m| ‘| hmoZo dmbo {dH$mg H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE H«${‘H$ {dH$mg

{gÕmÝV Ho$ àUoVm H$m¡Z h¢?(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo

(2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b

(3) qH$J Ed§ Wm°Z©S>mBH$


73. d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ

gË¶ h¡/h¢?1. d¥{Õ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m EH$ MaU hmoVm h¡&

2. {dH$mg ñd¶§ ‘| EH$ {dñV¥V AW© aIVm h¡ Ed§ d¥{Õ BgH$m EH$ mJ hmoVm

h¡&

3. {dH$mg EH$ gVV² à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[an³d hmoZo Ho$ ~mX ^r

MbVr ahVr h¡&

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2

(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

74. A{^d¥{Õ go VmËn¶© H$mo{eH$mAm| ‘|o hmoZo dmbr d¥{Õ go h¡& ¶h H$WZ

h¡-(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) ’«|$H$ H$m

(3) ’«$m¶S> H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m

75. {H$emoamdñWm na g~go A{YH$ H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¡-(1) EZm ’«$m¶S> (2) ñQ>oZbo hm°b

(3) hm°qbJdW© (4) qH$J

76. e¡edmdñWm ‘| ¶m¡Z BÀN>mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVo hþE {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥

{damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ ahñ¶ H$m CX²KmQ>Z {H$¶m h¡-(1) pñH$Za Zo (2) J¡ñQ>mba Zo

(3) Ow§J Zo (4) ’«$m¶S> Zo

77. ~mbH$ H$s d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| go Cn¶w³V {d{Y h¡-(1) VwbZmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y

(3) gm§p»¶H$s¶ {d{Y (4) {dH$mgmË‘H$ {d{Y

78. [H$emoamdñWm H$s à‘wI {deofVm Zht h¡-(1) g§doJm| H$m Am{Y³¶ (2) g§M¶ H$s àd¥{Îm

(3) H$ënZm H$s ~hþbVm (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

79. {‘{lV Am¶w dJ© dmbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H$jm ‘| ì¶dhma aIZo dmbo {ejH$

Ho$ {bE .......... H$m kmZ gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&(1) gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¥îR>^y{‘

(2) {dH$mgmË‘H$ AdñWmAm|

(3) CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| Ho ì¶dgm¶

(4) gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ n¥îR>^y{‘

80. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ghr Zht h¡?(1) {dH$mg à{V‘mZm| H$s Hw$N> {ZpíMV {deofVmAm| H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om

gH$Vr h¡&

(2) {dH$mg H$m CÔoí¶ d§emZwJV gå^mì¶ j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg H$aZm h¡&

(3) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ joÌm| ‘| gå^mì¶ IVao Zht hmoVo h¢&

(4) àmapå^H$ {dH$mg ~mX Ho$ {dH$mg go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&

81. AmnH$s H$jm H$s EH$ N>mÌm aOZr H$s bå~mB© {nN>bo df© H$s VwbZm ‘|

bJ^J 6 B§M ~‹T> JB© h¡, CgHo$ Bg n[adV©Z H$mo Amn ³¶m H$h|Jo?(1) aOZr H$m {dH$mg VoOr go hmo ahm h¡&

(2) aOZr ‘| d¥{Õ VoOr go hmo ahr h¡&

(3) aOZr Á¶mXm H$m‘ H$aZo bJr h¡&

(4) aOZr n‹T>mB© ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr Om ahr h¡&

82. {dH$mg Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶ Zht h¡?(1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem ‘| hmoVr h¡&

(2) d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s {H«$¶m d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶w³V

n[aUm‘ h¡&

(3) {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIH$a CgHo$ AmJo

~‹T>Zo H$s {Xem Am¡a ñdê$n Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^{dî¶dmUr Zht H$s Om gH$Vr

h¡&

(4) {dH$mg h‘oem gm‘mÝ¶ go {deof H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&

83. Amn AnZo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌm| Ho$ {dH$mg na {nN>bo 2 dfm] go

{díbofU H$a aho h¢& AmnHo$ {díbofU H$m gma {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m hmo

gH$Vm h¡?(1) {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H«$‘~Õ ê$n go AmJo ~‹T>Vr h¡&

(2) {dH$mg Yrao-Yrao Ed§ {ZpíMV g‘¶ na hmoVm h¡&

(3) {dH$mg H$s {Xem gm‘mÝ¶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa hmoVr h¡&

(4) ¶o g^r

84. {dH$mg àmUr ‘| àJ{Verb n[adV©Z h¡, Omo {ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa

{ZaÝVa {ZX}{eV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ {ZåZ ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡?(1) habm°H$ H$m (2) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m

(3) S´>oda H$m (4) ’«$m¶S> H$m

*******

71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84.

(4) (3) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (3)












àJÊ¶ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ n¥îR> 27



AÜ¶m¶ 3

d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘

3.1 àñVmdZm‘mZd {dH$mg H$m joÌ A{V ì¶mnH$ h¡& Bg‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r

g§doJmË‘H$, gm‘m{OH$, Mm[a{ÌH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$, Am{W©H$, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Am{X

g^r àH$ma Ho$ njm| ‘| {dH$mg g‘m{hV hmoVm h¡, naÝVw {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘|

‘mZd Ho$ {deof ê$n go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, ^mfm¶r, g§doJmË‘H$,

gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Mm[a{ÌH$ njm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

3.2 emar[aH$ {dH$mgì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY CgHo$ eara Ho$ T>m±Mo, Zm‹S>r VÝÌ,

eara Ho$ Am§V[aH$ g§ñWmZ, O¡go- a³V g§Mma g§ñWmZ, nmMZ g§ñWmZ Am{X

‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| Am¡a AÝV… ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m| ‘|o d¥{Õ go h¡¡& ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJmË‘H$

pñWaVm, Jm‘H$ j‘Vm Ed§ AÝ¶ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ¶o n[adV©Z ~mbH$ Ho$

ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

3.2.1 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©emar{aH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© ~mbH$m| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma emar[aH$ AmH$ma,

emar[aH$ AZwnmV, ApñW¶m|, ‘m±gno{e¶m|, Xm±V VWm V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| g‘w{MV

{dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Zm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|

‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg h‘oem EH$ g‘mZ J{V go Zht hmoVm& H$^r Vmo dh VoOr go

hmoVm h¡ Am¡a H$^r ‘ÝX J{V go& BgHo$ gmW hr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg

CgHo$ g‘ñV àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ gmW-gmW {dH$mg Ho$ AÝ¶ g^r njm| H$mo

^r gmW©H$ ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V

eara aMZm, ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b, ‘m±gnoer¶ d¥{Õ, Jm‘H$ VÝÌ, AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m±

Am{X à‘wI ê$n go AmVr h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m CgHo$

‘mZ{gH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Bg{bE e¡{jH$

ÑpîQ> go ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo AË¶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡& J{V

d àH¥${V H$s ÑpîQ> go {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s

à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> {^ÝZVm Adí¶ hmoVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| emar[aH$

{dH$mg Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-

emar[aH$ {dH$mg eara H$s g§aMZm Ho$ AmH$ma, àH¥${V, {H«$¶m Am{X ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&

CXmhaUmW© ApñW¶m| H$m CÎmamoÎma H¡$ëgrH$aU, Mohao Ho$ AmH$ma ‘| n[adV©Z, grZo H$s

AmH¥${V Am{X AWdm emar[aH$ à{ejU Ho$ H$maU A{YH$ gj‘ {H«$¶m¶| H$aZm&

ha~Q>© gmoaoÝgZ Zo emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-

emar[aH$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z Ed§ n[an³dVm H$s Amoa CÝZ{V H$m g§Ho$V

H$aVm h¡&

3.2.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg~më¶mdñWm H$s Ad{Y 6 df© H$s Am¶w go boH$a 12 df© H$s Am¶w VH$ hmoVr

h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo ^r 6 go 9 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo Vrd« J{V go {dH$mg H$s

AdñWm VWm 9 go 12 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w H$mo n[an³dVm H$s AdñWm Ho$ ê$n

‘| OmZm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àW‘ VrZ dfm] Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$

{dH$mg A{V Vrd« J{V go d ~mX Ho$ VrZ dfm] AWm©V² 9 go 12 df© ‘| Hw$N>

n[an³d$ H$mb ^r H$hVo h¢& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Z {ZåZ

àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-

1. ^ma

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ^ma ‘| n¶m©ßV d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡& 12 df© Ho$ AÝV ‘o§

CgH$m ^ma 80 Am¡a 95 nm¢S> Ho$ ~rM ‘| hmoVm h¡¡& 9 ¶m 10 df© H$s Am¶w VH$

~mbH$m| H$m ^ma ~m{bH$mAm| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~mX ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^ma

A{YH$ hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&

2. bå~mB©

bå~mB© ‘| d¥{Õ H$s ÑpîQ> go ¶h H$mb {deof ê$n go ‘hÎdnyU© H$hm Om gH$Vm

h¡& Bg Xm¡amZ eara H$s bå~mB© bJ^J 5 go 7 go‘r. à{Vdf© H$s J{V go

~‹T>Vr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ àmaå^ ‘| Ohm± ~mbH$m| H$s bå~mB© ~m{bH$mAm| H$s

bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r. A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, dht Bg Ad{Y H$s g‘m{á na

~m{bH$mAm| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© ~mbH$m| H$s Am¡gV bå~mB© go bJ^J 1 go‘r.

A{YH$ hmo OmVr h¡&

3. {ga VWm ‘pñVîH$

~më¶mdñWm ‘| {ga H$m {dH$mg Vmo hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw eara Am¡a {ga H$m AZwnmV

d¶ñH$ Ho$ eara Am¡a {ga H$o AZwnmV H$s g‘mZVm H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoZo bJVm

h¡ AWm©V² eara Ho$ AÝ¶ A§Jm| H$s VwbZm ‘| {ga A^r AnojmH¥$V ~‹S>m hmoVm

h¡& eara Ho$ {d{^Þ A§Jm| H$s AZwnmVhrZVm Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmoVr OmVr h¡&

e¡edmdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m {dH$mg d¶ñH$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m 90

à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ~‹T>H$a 95 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘pñVîH$ AmH$ma VWm ^ma XmoZm| hr ÑpîQ> go bJ^J

nyU©ê$noU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡&

4. Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ed§ ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ Y‹S> H$m {dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&

Bg Am¶w ‘| eara ~{bîR>, nwîQ> VWm ep³Vembr hmoZo bJVm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$

AnZo A§Jm| Ed§ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g§MmbZ na {Z¶ÝÌU àmá H$a boVo h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$

H$ÝYo Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢ VWm Hy$ëho nVbo hmoZo bJVo h¢& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ H$ÝYo

nVbo d Hy$ëho Mm¡‹S>o hmoZo bJVo h¢&


n¥îR> 28 d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ àJÊ¶




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5. ‘m±gno{e¶m±

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm h¡& 8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m ^ma eara Ho$ Hw$b ^ma H$m 27 à{VeV hmoVm h¡, Omo 12 df©

‘| ~‹T>H$a 33 à{VeV hmo OmVm h¡&

6. h{S²>S>¶m±

~më¶mdñWm ‘| h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm CZH$s Ñ‹T>Vm XmoZm| ‘o hr d¥{Õ hmoVr

h¡& {eímw Ho$ eara H$s Hw$N> {Ppëb¶m| Ho$ h{S²>S>¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~Xb OmZo Ho$

H$maU h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| d¥{Õ hmo OmVr h¡& ¶hm± Bg ~mV H$m ^r g§Ho$V XoZm

C{MV hmoJm {H$ d¥{Õ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Hw$N> H$mo‘b h{S²>S>¶m± {‘bH$a EH$ hmo OmVr

h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU ^r h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m ‘| ~Xbmd AmVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

h{S²>S>¶m| H$s g§»¶m 270 go ~‹T>H$a 350 hmo OmVr h¡& Bg AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ

h{S²>S>¶m| H$m Ñ‹T>rH$aU AWdm ApñWH$aU VoOr go hmoVm h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n

~mbH$m| H$s h{S²>S>¶m| H$m bMrbmnZ g‘má hmoZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZ‘| H$‹S>mnZ

AmZo bJVm h¡&

7. Xm±V

bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ XÿY Ho$ Xm±V {JaZo Am¡a CZHo$ ~Om¶ ñWm¶r

Xm±V {ZH$bZo Amaå^ hmo OmVo h¢& 12 ¶m 13 df© VH$ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r Xm±V

{ZH$bo AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r Xm±V

{ZH$b AmVo h¢, {OZH$s g§»¶m bJ^J 32 hmoVr h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ñWm¶r

Xm±V ~mbH$m| go OëXr {ZH$bVo h¢&

8. hmW d n¡a

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ n¡a bå~o Am¡a grYo hmo OmVo h¢ VWm ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$

n¡a AÝXa H$s Amoa Hw$N> PwH$md bo boVo h¢& ^wOm¶| ^r bå~r hmoZo bJVr h¢&

9. ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg

~mbH$m| VWm ~m{bH$mAm| XmoZm| Ho$ àOZZ A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg ^r ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

hmoZo bJVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶h {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go hmoVm h¡& 11-12 df©

VH$ AmVo-AmVo ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ¶m¡Z A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg Vrd« J{V nH$‹S> boVm h¡&

10. öX¶ J{V

e¡emdñWm H$s VwbZm ‘| ~më¶mdñWm ‘| öX¶ Ho$ Y‹S>H$Zo H$s J{V H$‘ hmo OmVr

h¡& 18 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m öX¶ à{V {‘ZQ> 85 ~ma Y‹S>H$Vm h¡&

C³V g‘ñV {dH$mg Ho$ Ûmam ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AÝV VH$ ‘mZd eara

EH$ {ZpíMV AmH$ma boZm ewê$ H$a XoVm h¡, Omo {H$emoamdñWm ‘| bJ^J nyU©

hmo OmVm h¡&

3.2.3 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-

ñdñW {dH$mg H$m {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemAm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& C{MV ¶m

AZw{MV àH$me go Am¶mo{OV ‘Zmoa§OZ Am¡a {dlm‘, Anm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ, H$‘ hdmXma

{Zdmg-ñWmZ Ed§ XmofnyU© d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘mZ VÎd ñdñW {dH$mg ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&

emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV

h¡-

1. AmZwd§{eH$Vm ¶m d§emZwH«$‘

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| VWm d§eOm| Ho$

ñdmñÏ¶, emar[aH$ aMZm, Xmofm| d amoJm| H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶… ñdñW

‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ| ñdñW Am¡a amoJr H$‘Omoa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZo§ amoJr

Am¡a H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡&

2. dmVmdaU

H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

~mbH$ Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd ghm¶H$ ¶m ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢&

ewÕ dm¶w, n¶m©ßV Yyn, ñdÀN>Vm Am{X Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> ‘w»¶ VÎd

h¢& V§J J{b¶m| Am¡a ~ÝX ‘H$mZm| ‘| ahZo dmbo ~mbH$ {H$gr-Z-{H$gr amoJ Ho$

{eH$ma ~ZH$a AnZo ñdmñÏ¶ H$mo Imo XoVo h¢& n¶m©ßV Yyn H$m godZ H$aZo dmbo

~mbH$m| H$mo gXu, OwH$m‘, Im±gr Am¡a Am±Im| H$s H$‘Omoar Am{X amoJ H$^r Zht

hmoVo h¢& ñdÀN>Vm, gwÝXa ñdmñÏ¶ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$m eara,

nhZZo Ho$ dñÌ, ahZo H$m ñWmZ, ImZo H$m ^moOZ Am{X ñdÀN> hmoVo h¢, Vmo

CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg ÐþV J{V go hmoVm Mbm OmVm h¡&

3. ^moOZ

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na ^moOZ H$m AË¶{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ d

g§Vw{bV ^moOZ H$aZo dmbo H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ VarHo$ go

hmoVm h¡& nm¡pîQ>H$ moOZ H$s CnbãYVm Am{W©H$ ñVa na r {Z ©a H$aVr h¡, Am{W©H$

ê$n go gånÝZ ~mbH$ àm¶… öîQ>-nwîQ> hmoVo h¢& {ZY©Z ~ÀMo {Z~©b hmoVo h¢& nm¡pîQ>H$

^moOZ Ho$ A^md ‘| ~mbH$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVm h¡&

4. n[adma H$s pñW{V VWm ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J

n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m ~mbH$

Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& nm[adm[aH$ ahZ-ghZ, gm‘m{OH$

naånam¶| VWm ImZ-nmZ H$m à^md ^r CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡&

5. {dlm‘ Ed§ {ZÐm

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE nyU© {ZÐm VWm {dlm‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡&

e¡edmdñWm ‘| {eew H$mo 12 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

10 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX VWm {H$emoamdñWm ‘| 8 KÊQ>o H$s ZtX Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&

{dlm‘ Am¡a {ZÐm eara H$s WH$mdQ> H$mo Xÿa H$a ZB© VmOJr àXmZ H$aVr h¡,

{Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZwHy$b Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

6. {XZM¶m©

~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© H$m à^md CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& {Z¶{‘V

{XZM¶m© go ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñÏ¶ AÀN>m ahVm h¡& AÀN>o emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$

{bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {XZM¶m© na {deof Ü¶mZ {X¶m Omdo& CgHo$

ImZo, ZhmZo, n‹T>Zo, IobZo, gmoZo Am{X X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m g‘¶ {Z¶{‘V ahZm

Mm{hE& ~mbH$ ‘| àmaå^ go hr {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© H$s AmXV S>mbZr Mm{hE&

7. ào‘

~mbH$ Ho$ C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma ào‘ h¡& ¶{X Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-

{nVm H$m ào‘ Zht {‘bVm h¡, Vmo dh Xþ:Ir ahZo bJVm h¡& ¶{X CgHo$ ‘mVm-















{nVm H$s Aënm¶w ‘§o ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo Cgo Agø H$îQ>m| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm

n‹S>Vm h¡& XmoZm| XemAm| ‘| CgHo$ eara H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmoZm Agå^d hmo

OmVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘ H$m ì¶dhma H$aZm Mm{hE&

8. Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘

Iob VWm ì¶m¶m‘ ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$ H$s

{XZM¶m© ‘| {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Iob Am¡a ì¶m¶m‘ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{h¶o, {Oggo

‘m±gno{e¶m± Ed§ h{S²>S>¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¡ VWm Bggo nmMZ ep³V ^r R>rH$

ahVr h¡& ~mbH$m| H$mo Iwbr hdm Am¡a ‘¡XmZ ‘| IobZo d ì¶m¶m‘ H$aZo XoZm

Mm{hE& emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m Bggo àË¶j ê$n go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&

AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo Adí¶ ñdrH$ma

{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

9. gwajm

{eew ¶m ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Cg‘|$ gwajm H$s ^mdZm hmoZm

A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& Bg ^mdZm Ho$ A^md ‘| dh ^¶ H$m AZw^d H$aZo bJVm

h¡ Am¡a AmË‘-{dídmg Imo ~¡R>Vm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| ~mV| CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo AdéÕ

H$a XoVr h¡§&

10. XþK©Q>Zm

XþK©Q>ZmE± ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶{X ~MnZ ‘|

~mbH$ {H$gr XþK©Q>Zm go à^m{dV hþAm h¡, O¡go-CgH$s hS²>S>r Qy>Q> J¶r, Ob

J¶m hmo, {H$gr OmZda Zo H$mQ> {b¶m hmo Vmo CgH$m eara à^m{dV hmoVm h¡,

{Oggo CZHo$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Adê$Õ hmoVr h¡&

11. AÝ¶ H$maH$

~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo AÝ¶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, O¡go-1. amoJ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ {dH¥${V2. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ n[apñW{V¶m±3. n[adma H$s {ZY©ZVm Am{X&

Cnamo³V H$maH$m| H$s {ddoMZm go ¶h kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg

{H$VZm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& AV… ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AÜ¶mnH$m| Ed§ ‘mVm-{nVm

H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm CgH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s

OmZH$mar hmo, {Oggo do ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV ñdê$n Ed§ J{V

àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH|$&

3.2.4 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW ~mbH$ Ho$ eara H$m

AmH$ma, ^ma, bå~mB©, {ga, ‘pñVîH$, h{S²>S>¶m± Ed§ Xm±V Am{X ^r ~‹T>Vo h¢&

2. emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ñZm¶w VÝÌ ^r {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&

3. AÝV…ñÌmdr J«pÝW¶m± ^r emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW A{^d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡&4. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU AÝVa

nm¶m OmVm h¡&5. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| CÎmamoÎma n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡&

3.2.5 emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ kmZ H$m ‘hÎd {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©

h¡, ³¶mo§{H$ ¶{X eara ñdñW h¡ Am¡a ghr {Xem ‘| {dH${gV hmo ahm h¡, V^r

N>mÌm| go ¶h Amem H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ do gÝVwîQ> hmoH$a {ímjm àmá H$a aho

h¢& A{dH${gV eara ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm àm{á Ho$ {bE VËna Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡&

AV… ¶{X h‘ MmhVo h¢ {H$ h‘mao N>mÌ {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AnZr ~hþ‘wIr à{V^m

H$m àXe©Z H$a|, Vmo CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na Ü¶mZ XoZm Oê$ar h¡& {ejH$

Ho$ {bE N>mÌ Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg na C{MV Ü¶mZ {X¶m OmZm {ZåZ ÑpîQ>¶m|

go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-

1. emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡ VWm ~mbH$m| H$mo

kmZmO©Z hoVw ào[aV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡& ¶{X {H$gr dJ© Ho$ A{YH$Va

~mbH$m| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$

hmoVr h¡, Vmo Bggo AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ Vah H$s hrZVm H$m ^md CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vm h¡ {OgH$m ~wam à^md CZH$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY na n‹S>Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ¶{X dJ© ‘| {H$gr N>mÌ H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| H$m’$s H$‘ h¢, Vmo ¶h ^r {ejH$ Ho$ {bE MwZm¡Vr hmo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bg Vah Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m¶moOZ go gå~{ÝYV H$B© g‘ñ¶m¶| CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vr h¢& AV… {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s emar[aH$ A{^d¥{Õ H$s OmZH$mar hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$ do N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW CÝhr§ H$s emar[aH$ Oê$aVm| Ho$ AZwHy$b e¡{jH$ ‘mhm¡b V¡¶ma H$a CÝh| {e{jV H$a gHo$&

2. emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ j‘Vm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡ VWm Eogo ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>Zo ‘| H$‘ WH$mZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡& Eogo ~mbH$ A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ {df¶dñVw na AnZm Ü¶mZ Ho$pÝÐV H$a gH$Vo h¢ VWm CnbpãY d {ZînmXZ narjmAm| ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ àmá H$aVo h¡& AV… Eogo ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V {ejH$m| Ed§ ghnm{R>¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ñZohnyU© Ed§ gh¶moJmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡&

3. emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm n[an³dVm go ~mbH$m| H$m ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r à^m{dV hmoVm h¡, Bg{bE {ejH$m| H$mo ñHy$b

Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo Bg T>§J go V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ Cggo àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo g’$bVm {‘b gHo$ VWm CgH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ~Zm aho& CXmhaUmW© Omo N>mÌ emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b h¢ CZH$m EH$ AbJ

H$m¶©H«$‘ ~Zm¶m Om¶o, {Og‘| Ho$db emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa N>mÌ

hr ^mJ b|, {Og‘| Eogo N>mÌm| ‘| {H$gr àH$ma H$s hrZVm H$s ^mdZm Zht CËnÝZ hmoJr VWm CZH$m AmË‘gå‘mZ ^r ~aH$ama ahoJm VWm {ejH$ ^r ñHy$b ‘| emar[aH$ ê$n go Xþ~©b N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW Ý¶m¶

H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmo nmE§Jo&

4. ñHy$b ‘| àm¶… IobHy$X VWm emar[aH$ {ejm Ho$ H$m¶©H«$‘ H$m ñdê$n à{V¶mo{JVmË‘H$ hmoVm h¡ VWm Bg H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘mÌ Hw$N> hr Eogo

emar[aH$ ê$n go öîQ>>-nwîQ> N>mÌ hmoVo h¢, Omo Bg‘| ^mJ boH$a {IVm~ OrV OmVo h¢, {Oggo BgH$m à^md g^r N>mÌm| na AÀN>m

Zht hmoVm h¡ d CZH$s e¡{jH$ bpãY na ^r ~wam Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&

AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do BZ H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| Bg T>§J H$m n[adV©Z H$ao§ {H$ Bg‘| g^r N>mÌm| H$s g‘mZ mJrXmar hmo, Vm{H$






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g^r ‘| g‘mZ ê$n go e¡{jH$ A{^ê${M H$m¶‘ aho&

5. Iob {H«$¶m¶| d XñVH$mar H$m¶© H$amVo g‘¶ {ejH$ H$mo Ü¶mZ aIZm

Mm{hE {H$ do CZHo$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg AZwHy$b hmo& Ohm±

VH$ gå^d hmo, ~mbH$m| H$mo g{H«$¶ Iob IobZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm

Mm{hE, {Oggo CZHo$ eara Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r R>rH$ T>§J go hmo, ³¶m|{H$ {ejH$ hr ¶h ~mV

AÀN>r Vah g‘P gH$Vo h¢ {H$ Iob Ûmam Omo emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cggo N>mÌm| ‘| gyP CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm CZ‘|

g¥OZmË‘H$ j‘Vm¶o§ ^r CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& BZgo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd

{dH$mg na ^r grYm Aga n‹S>Vm h¡& Iob go ~mbH$m| ‘| gh¶mo{JVm,

CXmaVm VWm gÀMmB© O¡go erbJwU ^r {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&

6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ ‘| ^r Eogo nmR>m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ d n‹T>m¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡ {OZHo$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ñdmñÏ¶H$a ImZ-nmZ, N>moQ>r-‘moQ>r ~r‘m[a¶m| H$m ImZ-nmZ go gå~ÝY Am{X H$mo g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n go g‘Pm¶m Om gHo$&

7. {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwê$n Imo-Imo, [a¨J~m°b Am{X Iob {IbmZo Mm{hE VWm H$^r-H$^r Iobm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go hr nmR>m| H$mo g‘PmZm Mm{hE&

Bg Vah ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m ~hþV A{YH$

e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ AmOH$b ñHy$bm| ‘| àm¶… Eogo H$m¶©H«$‘

V¡¶ma {H$¶o OmVo h¢, {OZgo ~mbH$m| ‘| C{MV emar[aH$ {dH$mg gå^d hmo gHo$&

3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go VmËn¶© CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& BZHo$ AÝVJ©V ~w{Õ, g§doXZm, àË¶jrH$aU, {ZarjU,

ê${M, Ü¶mZ, H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ñ‘¥{V, {dñ‘¥{V, Am{X ‘mZ{gH$

{H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m {dH$mg AmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

Ho$ {dH$mg go ‘mZd ì¶dhma à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

3.3.1 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©gm‘mÝ¶ eãXm| ‘| {eew Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMma go VmËn¶© {eew H$s g‘P go hmoVm

h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñVa H$ar~-H$ar~ eyÝ¶

hmoVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go CgH$s C‘« ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ VWm Cgo ZB©-ZB© AZw^y{V¶m±

hmoVr OmVr h¡, CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

go VmËn¶© ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡& Bg ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm

‘| g§doXZerbVm, àË¶jrH$aU, àË¶¶ {Z‘m©U, AdbmoH$Z, Ü¶mZ, ñ‘¥{V,

H$ënZm, {MÝVZ, VH©$, {ZU©¶, ~w{Õ, ^mfm, A{YJ‘ j‘Vm Am{X g§kmZmË‘H$

ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢& OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eímw H$m ‘pñVîH$ A{dH${gV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a

CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ZJÊ¶ hmoVm h¡& {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-

gmW AWm©V² CgH$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$m ‘pñVîH$ {dH${gV

hmoVm OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {dH$mg H$s AdñWmAm|

Ho$ AZwê$n hr ~mbH$ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm

h¡& Bg àH$ma ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dh {dH$mg h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$

gVV² Omar ahVm h¡, {Oggo ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmE± Am¡a {H«$¶mE± CÎmamoÎma Ed§ {deof

T>§J go g§J{R>V hmoVr OmVr h¡& {ejm eãXH$moe ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþ¶o {bIm h¡-

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg OÝ‘-nyd© AdñWm go àm¡‹T>Vm VH$ ì¶{³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm|

Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶dhma H$m CÎmamoÎma {dH$mg Ed§ g§JR>Z h¡&

Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶{³V Ho$ OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ CÎmamoÎma

àH$Q>Z Ed§ g§JR>Z H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$hm OmVm h¡&

Bg n[a^mfm go ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ à‘wI VÏ¶m| na Bg àH$ma àH$me

n‹S>Vm h¡-

1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| VWm ‘mZ{gH$

H$m¶© go hmoVm h¡&2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m CÎmamoÎma AWm©V² H«${‘H$ hmoVr h¡3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m OÝ‘ go nyU© n[an³dVm AmZo VH$

MbVr ahVr h¡&

3.3.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V e¡edmdñWm go Yr‘r hmoVr h¡& Bg

AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘§o g‘PZo, ñ‘aU H$aZo, {dMma H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

H$aZo, qMVZ H$aZo, àË¶j kmZ H$aZo, {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

O~ ~mbH$ bJ^J 6 df© H$m hmo OmVm h¡, V~ CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m

bJ^J nyU© {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&

Cg‘| é{M, {Okmgm, {ZU©¶, {MÝVZ, ñ‘aU Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ

Ho$ JwUm| H$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ‘| dh AnZo BZ JwUm| H$m

Bg àH$ma àXe©Z H$aVm h¡-

1. N>R>dm± df©

~mbH$ {~Zm {hMHo$ hþE 13-14 VH$ H$s {JZVr gwZm XoVm h¡, gab àíZm| Ho$

CÎma Xo XoVm h¡ Am¡a eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ Zm‘ ~Vm XoVm h¡& ¶{X Cgo H$moB©

{MÌ {XIm¶m Om¶o, Vmo dh Cg‘| ~Zr hþB© dñVwAm| H$m dU©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a

CZ‘§o g‘mZVmE± Ed§ Ag‘mZVmE± ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&

2. gmVdm± df©

~mbH$ ‘| Xmo dñVwAm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZo H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡& dh

bH$‹S>r, H$mo¶bm, OhmO Am¡a ‘moQ>aH$ma ‘§o AÝVa ~Vm gH$Vm h¡& dh N>moQ>r-

N>moQ>r KQ>ZmAm| H$m dU©Z, O{Q>b dm³¶m§o H$m à¶moJ Am¡a gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm|

H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm aIVm h¡&

3. AmR>dm± df©

~mbH$ ‘| N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m| Am¡a H${dVmAm| H$mo AÀN>r Vah XmohamZo, 16 eãXm|

Ho$ dm³¶m| H$mo {~Zm JbVr {H$E hþE ~mobZo, EH$ n¡am H$s H$hmZr na 5 ¶m 6

àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo Am¡a à{V{XZ H$s gmYmaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo

H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡&















4. Zdm± df©

~mbH$ H$mo {XZ, g‘¶, VmarI, df© Am¡a {g³H$m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& dh 5-6

VwH$mÝV eãXm| H$mo ~VmZo Am¡a 6-7 eãXm| H$mo CëQ>o H«$‘ ‘| XmohamZo ‘§o g’$b

hmoVm h¡& dh gm‘mÝ¶ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a XoIr hþE {’$ë‘ H$s

60% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&

5. Xgdm± df©

~mbH$ VrZ {‘ZQ> ‘§o 60-70 eãX ~mob gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r H$hm{Z¶m|

H$mo ¶mX H$aHo$ gwZm gH$Vm h¡& Cgo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ Ho$ {Z¶‘m|, naånamAm|,

gyMZmAm| Am{X H$m Wmo‹S>m-~hþV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&

6. ½¶mahdm± df©

~mbH$ ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Am¡a {ZarjU H$s ep³V¶m| H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm

h¡& dh new-n{j¶m|, H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Am{X H$m ^r {ZarjU H$aHo$ kmZ àmá H$a

boVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$B© H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡, {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm|

‘| VwbZm H$aZo bJVm h¡&

7. ~mahdm± df©

~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m H$m’$s {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&

Cg‘§o H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s

¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© {’$ë‘ H$s 75% ~mV| ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&

~mahd| df© ‘| ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| VH©$ H$aZo, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Am OmVr h¡& CgHo$ AÝXa H${R>Z eãXm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo

Am¡a gmYmaU ~mVm| Ho$ H$maU ~VmZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr h¡& dh XoIr hþB© KQ>Zm

H$s 75 à{VeV ~mVm| H$mo ~mX ‘| ^r ~Vm gH$Vm h¡&

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZo bJVm h¡ VWm CZH$m

gm‘Zm H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& CgH$s ê${M Z¶o H$m¶m], dñVwAm| Ed§ ì¶p³V¶m|

‘| ~‹T>Vr h¡ Cg‘| g‘m¶moOZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&

3.3.3 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$àË¶oH$ AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo

h¢& n[adma, dmVmdaU ¶m AÝ¶ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~{ÝYV H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo Vrd« Ed§ ‘ÝX H$a XoVo h¢& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {bIm h¡-

{d{^ÝZ H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& d§emZwJV ñZm¶wV§Ì H$s

g§aMZm gå^m{dV {dH$mg H$s Xa Ed§ gr‘m H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVr h¡& Hw$N> AÝ¶

emar[aH$ Xem¶| ¶m d¡¶p³VH$ Am¡a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$ ‘mZ{gH$ àJ{V H$mo Vrd«

AWdm ‘ÝX H$a gH$Vo h¢&

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo Hw$N> à‘wI H$maH$

{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo AÜ¶¶Z go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$

‘Zwî¶ ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm¶| VWm JwU AmZwd§{eH$ ê$n go boH$a hr CËnÝZ hmoVm

h¡ {OÝh| dmVmdaU Ho$ Ûmam n[ad{V©V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {df¶ ‘|

J«oQ>g Ed§ AÝ¶ Zo {bIm h¡-

{H$gr ì¶{³V H$m Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, {OVZm {H$ CgH$m

d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&

AWm©V² H$moB© ^r ì¶{³V Cggo A{YH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡,

{OVZm {H$ CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ gå^d ~ZmVm h¡&

2. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU

n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&

Xþ:IX Am¡a H$bhnyU© dmVmdaU ‘| ~mbH$ H$m CVZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoZm

gå^d Zht h¡, {OVZm {H$ gwIX Am¡a emÝV dmVmdaU ‘|& Bg gå~ÝY ‘|

Hw$ßnyñdm‘r H$m ‘V h¡-

EH$ AÀN>m n[adma, {Og‘| ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| AÀN>o gå~ÝÜm hmoVo h¢, {Og‘| do AnZo

~ÀMm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘PVo h¢ Ed§ {Og‘§o AmZÝX Am¡a ñdVÝÌVm

H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, àË¶oH$ gXñ¶ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘§o AË¶{YH$ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&

3. n[adma H$s gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V

CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg A{YH$ hmoVm

h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ Omo gmYZ CnbãY

hmoVo h¢, do {ZåZ gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V Ho$ n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE Xþb©^ hmoVo h¢&

BgH$s nwpîQ> ‘§o ñQ>—¢J Ho$ AJ«m§{H$V eãX CÕ¥V {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢-

CÀM gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V dmbo n[adma Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ H$s ‘m¡{IH$ Am¡a {b{IV

narjmAm| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go loîR> hmoVo h¢&

4. n{adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V

Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo narjUm| Ho$ AmYma na ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ à{V^membr ~mbH$ X[aÐ

joÌm| go AmZo Ho$ ~Om¶ AÀN>r Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo n[admam| go A{YH$ AmVo h¢&

BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ BZ ~mbH$m| H$mo Hw$N> {deof gw{dYmE± CnbãY ahVr h¡;

O¡go- C{MV ^moOZ, CnMma Ho$ n¶m©ßV gmYZ, CÎm‘ e¡{jH$ Adga, Am{W©H$

H$îQ> go gwajm Am{X&

5. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm

A{e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Anojm {e{jV ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg na H$ht A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ñQ>´¢J H$m H$WZ h¡-

‘mVm-{nVm H$s {ejm, ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm go {ZpíMV ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¡&

6. C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm

~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE C{MV àH$ma H$s {ejm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&

Eogr {ejm Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| Am¡a ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡& AañVw

H$m ¶h H$WZ nyU©V¶m gË¶ h¡ -

{ejm ‘Zwî¶ H$s ep³V H$m, {deof ê$n go CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V H$m {dH$mg

H$aVr h¡&

7. {dÚmb¶

AÀN>m {dÚmb¶, ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ‘hÎdnyU©

H$maH$ h¡& Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ eãXm| ‘| -






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AÀN>m {dÚmb¶ Eogm nmR²>¶H«$‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo N>mÌm| H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a

Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| go n[anyU© ahVm h¡& Eogm

{dÚmb¶ ñdñW ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ dmñV{dH$ H$maU h¡&

8. {ejH$

~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejH$ H$m ñWmZ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& ¶{X {ejH$

H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg AÀN>m h¡, ¶{X dh ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V n«o‘ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V

H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {ejU-{d{Y¶m| Ed§ C{MV {ejU-{d{Y¶m|

Ed§ C{MV {ejU-gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡&

9. emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶

emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶ hr ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& AañVw Zo ^r H$hm

h¡ {H$ ñdñW eara ‘| hr ñdñW ‘pñVîH$ H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ ÑpîQ>

go g~b Am¡a ñdñW ~mbH$ A{YH$ n[al‘ H$aHo$ AñdñW ~mbH$ H$s Anojm

AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo AÀN>o T>§J go {dH${gV H$a gH$Vm h¡&

Bgr{bE àmMrZ H$mb go hr Bg Amoa Ü¶mZ {X¶m OmVm ahm h¡&

10. g‘mO

‘Zwî¶ EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡& g‘mO hr CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V

Am¡a gr‘m H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶{X g‘mO AnZo ZmJ[aH$m| Ho$ {bE AÀN>o

{dÚmb¶, nwñVH$mb¶, dmMZmb¶m| Ed§ ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZm| H$s ì¶dñWm H$aVm

h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo gVV² {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

BZ gw{dYmAm| Ho$ Z hmoZo go ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V, {Xem Am¡a

gr‘m g§Hw${MV hmo OmVr h¡&

~mbH$ H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ n[adV©Zm| H$m

H«$‘~Õ AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg EH$ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©

nj h¡& ¶{X ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m ñdê$n Ed§ CZHo$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|

H$s OmZH$mar hmo Vmo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$mo Vrd« J{V àXmZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

{ejm ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm

Am¡a {ejH$m| H$m ¶h Amdí¶H$ H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo C{MV Adga d

dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aHo$ CÀMV‘ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a|&

3.3.4 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg {eewAm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ ~mbH$m| ‘| EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ Amdoe H$m

{M• nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ 3 ‘hrZo ~mX ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ {Og‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Xþ…I VWm AmZÝX Xmo Vah Ho$

g§doJ {dH${gV hmoVo h¢& BgHo$ Hw$N> ‘hrZo ~mX {eew ‘| àË¶jmË‘H$ {díbofU H$aZo H$s AdñWm AmZo na do eof gàË¶¶ {dH${gV H$aZm

ewê$ H$a XoVo h¢ VWm AnZr ñ‘¥{V Ho$ AmYma na àË¶oH$ dñVw H$m ñ‘¥{V {MÌ ^r ~ZmZm àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& AV… ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$

{dH$mg Am¶w Ho$ gmW A{YH$ n[an³d hmoVm OmVm h¡&

2. ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ed§ ê${M¶m| ‘| {dñVma hmoVm h¡& OÝ‘ Ho$ 2 gámh go 2 gmb H$s

Ad{Y ‘| ^yI-ß¶mg go gå~{ÝYV Amdí¶H$VmE± ~më¶mdñWm VH$

AmVo-AmVo {Ibm¡Zm| d Iob H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| ~Xb OmVr h¡&

3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ed§ {H«$¶mAm| go

hmoVm h¡&

4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘Z ‘| Z¶o-Z¶o {dMma Ed§

qMVZ AmZm ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ {H$gr KQ>Zm H$m {díbofU H$a

Cggo Z¶o-Z¶o AZw^d àmá H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVm h¡,

Omo ^{dî¶ ‘| H$m‘ AmVr h¡&

5. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘¶ gå~ÝYr eãXmdbr

^r {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡& 6-7 gmb H$s AdñWm VH$ ~mbH$ àm¶…

gw~h, amV, J«rî‘, gXu O¡go eãXm| H$mo OmZ OmVm h¡&

6. 15 ‘hrZo VH$ Omo {eew AnZr BÀN>m Ed§ ‘Zmod¥[Îm H$s A{^ì¶p³V

hmd-^md Ed§ g§Ho$V go H$aVo h¢& ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo go do Cgo eãXm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{^ì¶³V H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV H$a boVo h¢& Amaå^ ‘| ^mfm ‘| AñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡, naÝVw Yrao-Yrao Cg‘| ñnîQ>Vm Ed§ ewÕVm AmZo bJVr h¡&

7. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ¶moOZm ~ZmZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&

8. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$m| ‘| JV AZw^dm| go Cn¶w³V bm^ CR>mZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘| EH$ H«$‘~ÕVm hmoVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m

OÝ‘ go n[an³dVm VH$ H«${‘H$ T>§J go MbVr ahVr h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$

AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ CÀMV‘ {eIa Ho$ ZOXrH$ AmVm OmVm h¡, CgH$s

‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm¶| H$m’$s gwÑ‹T> hmoVr OmVr h¡ VWm àm¶… 18-19 gmb VH$

AnZo CÀMV‘ {eIa na nhþ±M OmVr h¡& AV… ¶hr AdñWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

H$s {eIa AdñWm ‘mZr OmVr h¡&

3.3.5 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Am¡a {ejm{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Am¡a

‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Am¡a j‘VmAm| ‘| Am¶w Ho$ gmW-gmW hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm|

H$s A‘yë¶ OmZH$mar AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ {bE ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¡&

Bg Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo g§{já ê$n ‘| {ZåZ àH$ma ì¶³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡…-1. {d{^ÝZ Am¶w ñVam| na nmR>²¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr Am¡a ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|

VWm AZw^dm| Ho$ M¶Z Am¡a {Z¶moOZ ‘| Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr

h¡&2. {H$g {d{Y Am¡a VarHo$ go n‹T>m¶m Om¶o, ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r VWm {ejU

gmYZ {H$g àH$ma à¶moJ ‘| bmE Om¶|, e¡j{UH$ dmVmdaU {H$g

àH$ma H$m hmo, ¶h g~ {ZpíMV H$aZo ‘| ^r AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Bggo

ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&3. {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Am¡a Am¶w ñVa na ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ~w{Õ Am¡a

{dH$mg H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE Cn¶w³V nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$ V¡¶ma H$aZo ‘| ^r Bggo ghm¶Vm {‘b gH$Vr h¡&

4. BgH$s ghm¶Vm go AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ EH$

{deof àH$ma H$s n‹T>mB© Am¡a H$m¶©, {OÝh| H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {deof















{dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Cn¶w³V g‘¶

na CZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH${gV hmoZo na hr àmaå^ H$amZo Mm{hE&

AZmdí¶H$ erK«Vm Am¡a Xoar, XmoZm| hr Bg AdñWm ‘| hm{ZH$maH$

{gÕ hmo gH$Vr h¢&

5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ûmam AÜ¶mnH$ AnZo {eî¶m| H$s ‘mZ{gH$

ep³V¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ nyU© {dH$mg ‘| nyU© gh¶moJ àXmZ H$a

gH$Vm h¡& dh CÝh| g‘mYmZ Am¡a g¥OZmË‘H$ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE

n¶m©á à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡& {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po VmoVo H$s Vah aQ>Zo

Am¡a AÝYm| H$s Vah BYa-CYa hmW ‘ma H$a H$m¶© ‘| g’$b hmoZo

Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm VH©$ ep³V¶m| VWm gyP$-~yP Ho$

AmYma na ¶mX aIZo Am¡a AÝ¶ H$m¶© gånÝZ H$aZo ‘| r dh CZH$s

ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vm h¡& CZHo$ {ZarjU, àË¶jrH$aU, gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU

gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ^r CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$s d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ ñVa H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE dh CZH$s nyar ‘XX H$a gH$Vm h¡&

Bg Vah go EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ g^r nhbwAm|

Am¡a CZHo$ {d{^ÝZ ñVam| na hmoZo dmbo gm‘mÝ¶ Am¡a {d{eîQ> n[adV©Z H$mo

Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE AnZo {eî¶m| H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ nW na

AÀN>r Vah go AJ«ga H$a gH$Vm h¡& dh Z Ho$db CZH$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|

Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| hr ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÝh| BZ ep³V¶m|

Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m CgHo$ ñd¶§ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ bm^ H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE

{ddoH$ Am¡a ~w{Õ‘ÎmmnyU© Cn¶moJ H$aZo ‘| ^r g‘W© ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

3.3.6 ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-

1. CÀM {dH${gV ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU ‘| {deof ê${M boVo h¢&

2. ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H${R>Z {df¶dñVw H$mo gabVm go g‘P boVo h¢&

3. Eogo ~mbH$ VÏ¶m| H$m gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU Ed§ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘| A{YH$ Hw$eb

hmoVo h¢&

4. Bg àH$ma H$o ~mbH$ CnbpãY narjU ‘| ^r AnZr ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AZwgma hr AÀN>o A§H$ A{O©V H$aVo h¢&

5. Bg àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr

h¡ VWm do ñd¶§ hr AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ImoOZo ‘| gj‘

hmoVo h¢&

3.4 ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mgOÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm bJ^J eyÝ¶ hmoVr h¡ AWm©V² {eew Z Vmo

gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr Agm‘m{OH$& O¡go-O¡go CgH$m emar[aH$ Am¡a

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡&

AnZo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m|, AnZo g‘yh Ho$ gm{W¶m|, AnZo g‘mO H$s g§ñWmAm|

Am¡a naånamAm| Ed§ AnZr ñd¶§ H$s é{M¶m| Am¡a BÀN>mAm| go à^m{dV hmoH$a

dh AnZo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm

h¡& gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma ‘| pñWaVm Z hmoH$a n[adV©ZerbVm hmoVr h¡& AV: g‘¶

Am¡a n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ AZwgma Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$

{dH$mg EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘mOrH$aU H$s

à[H«$¶m Xÿgao ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gmW {eew Ho$ àW‘ gånH©$ go Amaå^ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a

AmOrdZ MbVr ahVr h¡&

3.4.1 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©gm‘m{OH$ AmXem], naånamAm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| Ho$ AZwgma g‘mO Ho$ AÝ¶ bmoJm| Ho$

gh¶moJ go Omo ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVJ©V aIm

OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ì¶p³V H$o g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& {dÛmZm| Zo

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma Xr h¢-


gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m AW© gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| ‘| n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZm h¡&

2. gmoaoÝgZ Ho$ AZwgma-

gm‘m{OH$ A{^d¥{Õ Am¡a {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡ AnZr Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s CÝZ{V Ho$ {bE

¶mo½¶Vm H$s d¥{Õ&

3. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-

gh¶moJ H$aZo dmbm| ‘| h‘ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg Am¡a CZHo$ gmW H$m‘ H$aZo H$s

j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg VWm g§H$ën g‘mOrH$aU H$hbmVm h¡&

3.4.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mgBg AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ~hþV VoOr go hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$

~mø ê$n go g‘mO Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ {Og H$maU gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|

Vrd«Vm hmoVr h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ àH$ma

go ì¶³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-1. bJ^J 6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ àmW{‘H$ {dÚmb¶ ‘| àdoe H$aVm

h¡& dhm± dh EH$ ZE dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZm, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^mJ boZm Am¡a ZE {‘Ì ~ZmZm grIVm h¡&

2. AZwHy$bZ H$aZo Ho$ CnamÝV, ~mbH$ H$o ì¶dhma ‘| CÝZ{V Am¡a

n[adV©Z Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgHo$ ñdVÝÌVm, ghm¶Vm

Am¡a CÎmaXm{¶Ëd Ho$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&3. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$m¶| {H$gr Z {H$gr Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$

gXñ¶ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Q>mobr ¶m g‘yh Ho$ Iob, dñÌm| H$s ngÝX Am{X

H$m hr do AZwgaU H$aVo h¢& CZHo$ g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ûmam hr C{MV-

AZw{MV AmXem©| H$m ^r {ZYm©aU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo ZB© {Xem àmá hmoVr h¡&

4. g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ ‘| AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cg‘| gh¶moJ, gmhg, CÎmaXm{¶Ëd, ghZerbVm,

gX²^mdZm, AmË‘{Z¶ÝÌU, Ý¶m¶{à¶Vm Am{X JwUm| H$m CX¶ hmoZo

bJVm h¡&5. Bg AdñWm ‘| b‹S>H$m| H$s Xm¡‹S>Zo-^mJZo dmbo Iobm|, Ka Ho$ ~mha






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Ky‘Zo, ‘maYm‹S> dmbo H$m¶© Ed§ ‘maYm‹S> dmbr {’$ë‘| XoIZo ‘| A{YH$

ê${M hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~m{bH$m¶| ZmM-JmZm, H$‹T>mB©-~wZmB© VWm

Kaoby H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVr h¡& H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma- Bg

AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AnZo {à¶ H$m¶m] ‘| ~hþV ê${M hmo OmVr h¡,

na ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ BZ H$m¶m] ‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa {XIm¶r

XoZo bJVm h¡&

6. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ AnZo {ejH$ H$m gå‘mZ Adí¶ H$aVm h¡,

naÝVw CZH$m n[ahmg H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm ^r Cg‘| hmoVr h¡&

7. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± àm¶… Ka Ho$ ~mha ahZm MmhVo h¢,

naÝVw CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| {eîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& do Xÿgam| na AnZm à^md

Ed§ N>mn N>mo‹S>Zm MmhVo h¢ do AnZo H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ g‘j {e{jV Ed§

gwg§ñH¥$V hmoZo H$m Am^mg H$amZm MmhVo h¢&

8. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V VWm àe§gm nmZo Ho$ Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢& do AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘j Eogo H$m¶© VWm AmMaU H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢, {OÝh| AÝ¶ ì¶p³V ngÝX H$ao VWm do àe§gm r H$a|& do N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZo, nm[adm[aH$ H$m¶m] ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aZo, n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm ~‹S>m| Ho$ AmXoem| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&

9. ào‘ VWm ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$ Am¡a ~m{bH$m¶| Bg Am¶w ‘| CÔÊS> ñd^md Ho$ hmo OmVo h¢& do AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, n[adma VWm ~wOwJm] Am{X H$m ñZoh, Xþbma Am¡a g§ajU nmZo Ho$ {bE Vrd« BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢, {Oggo CZHo$ A§Xa gH$mamË‘H$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo h¢ VWm BgH$o {dnarV ào‘ d ñZoh go d§{MV ~mbH$m| ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&

10. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mE± {‘Ìm| H$m MwZmd H$aVo h¢ Am¡a H$jm Ho$ ghnmR>r, Amg-n‹S>mog Ho$ g‘mZ C‘« Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$mo hr AnZm {‘Ì ~ZmVo h¢& do AnZo {‘Ìm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, {dMma, AmXV Am{X Ho$ {bE CZH$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢&

11. Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZo H$s ê${M CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡& dh AnZr Q>mobr, n‹S>mog, {dÚmb¶ VWm AÝ¶ ñWmZm|

Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo

gm{W¶m| H$mo CÝh| ~VmZo ‘| Jd© VWm AmZÝX H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡&12. H«$mo EÊS> H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

6 go 10 df© VH$ ~mbH$ AnZo dm§N>Zr¶ VWm Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhma ‘|

{ZaÝVa àJ{V H$aVm ahVm h¡& dh ~hþYm CÝht H$m¶m] H$mo H$aVm h¡, {OZHo$

{H$¶o OmZo H$m H$moB© C{MV H$maU Zht OmZ n‹S>Vm h¡&

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ~m{bH$mAm| Ûmam AmM[aV {H$¶o OmZo dmbo

gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Bg

AdñWm ‘| gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo OmVm h¡& {Og H$maUde

~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Ho$ Adga d gå^mdZmAm| ‘| ~‹T>V hmoVr h¡&

3.4.3 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH${d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| ‘o§ hmoZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$ à^m{dV

H$aVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. d§emZwH«$‘

‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m Hw$N> Z Hw$N>

à^md Vmo Adí¶ hr n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ì¶{³V Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

Ho$ gmW-gmW gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$

JwU ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, nyd©Om| Ed§ d§eOm| go àmá hmoVo h¢& ~mbH$

Ho$ AÝXa AZoH$ gm‘m{OH$ JwU O¡go-namonH$ma, X¶m, Amngr gh¶moJ, {ZY©Z

H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZm Am{X AmZwd§{eH$ d ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmYma na hr AmVo h¢&

2. emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR>

gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$

{dH$mg ^r AÀN>o go hmoVm h¡ ~pëH$ dht AñdñW emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

dmbo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ^r ghr go Zht hmoVm& An§J, ~r‘ma,

Aën~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ àm¶… g‘mO go {VañH¥$V ahVo h¢ VWm CZ‘| hrZ ^mdZm

H$m CX¶ hmo OmVm h¡& do ñd¶§ H$mo AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gmW g‘m¶mo{OV Zht H$a

nmVo h¢& à{V^membr ~mbH$ ^r ñd¶§ H$mo AnZo ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU

gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© hmoVm h¡&


~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg h¡& H«$moY d B©î¶m© H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao H$s K¥Um H$m nmÌ ~Z OmVm

h¡& CgHo$ {dnarV, ào‘ Am¡a {dZmoX go n[anyU© ~mbH$ g^r H$mo AnZr Amoa

AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| XmoZm| ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| AÝVa

hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& dñVwV: O¡gm {H$ H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡ -

g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg gmW-gmW MbVo h¢&

4. n[adma

~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m àmaå^ n[adma go hr hmoVm h¡& n[adma Ho$

dmVmdaU, g§ñH¥${V, gXñ¶mo§ H$m AmMaU, {ejmñVa, gh¶moJ, bmbZ-nmbZ

Am{X H$m à^md ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na n‹S>Vm h¡& n[adma Ho$ ~‹S>o bmoJm|

H$m O¡gm AmMaU hmoVm h¡, ~mbH$ ^r d¡gm hr AmMaU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm

h¡& AV… n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AmMaU H$m ~ÀMm| Ho$ ì¶dhma

na ~hþV A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

5. Am{W©H$ pñW{V

n[adma d ‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& YZr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ AÀN>o ‘mhm¡b ‘§o ahVo h¢, AÀN>o

ì¶p³V¶m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢, AÀN>o {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm àmá H$aVo h¢& AV…

CZH$m CÀM gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {ZY©Z

‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU, C{MV gånH©$ VWm AÀN>o {dÚmb¶m| Ho$

A^md ‘| g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go d§{MV ah OmVo h¢&

6. nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y

‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~mbH$ Ho$ nmbZ-nmofU H$s {d{Y CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

na ~hþV Jham à^md S>mbVr h¡, CXmhaUmW©, g‘mZVm Ho$ AmYma na nmbm

OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ H$ht ^r AnZr hrZVm H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ~hþV















bm‹S>-ß¶ma go nmbm OmZo dmbm ~mbH$ Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go Xÿa ahZm ngÝX H$aVm

h¡& AV: XmoZm| H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Xmo {^ÝZ {XemAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡&

7. g‘mO

g‘mO H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& g‘mO Ho$

H$m¶©, AmXe© Am¡a à{V‘mZ ~mbH$ Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢& ~mbH$

ñd¶§ H$mo g‘mO Ho$ AZwgma hr g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& AV…

J«m‘, eha, OZVÝÌ d amOVÝÌ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ

àH$ma go hmoVm h¡&

8. {dÚmb¶

n[adma Ho$ CnamÝV ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {dÚmb¶ H$m ‘hÎdnyU©

ñWmZ h¡& {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$ ghnmR>r d AÜ¶mnH$m| go {‘bVo-OwbVo h¢ VWm

nañna gh¶moJ H$aHo$ {d{^ÝZ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVo h¢, Omo CZH$s

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡, naÝVw ¶{X {dÚmb¶ H$m

dmVmdaU ^¶¶w³V Ed§ d‘Z na AmYm[aV hmoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$

{dH$mg Hw$pÊR>V hmoJm&

9. {ejH$

~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na AÜ¶mnH$m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

N>mÌ AnZo {ejH$ H$m hr AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& ¶{X AÜ¶mnH$ emÝV, {eîQ> VWm

gh¶moJr hmoVm h¡, Vmo N>mÌ ‘| ^r {eîQ>Vm, Y¡¶© Ed§ ghH$m[aVm H$m JwU {dH${gV

hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X {ejH$ H«$moYr Am¡a A{eîQ> hmoJm Vmo {dÚmWu ^r Cgr Ho$

g‘mZ ~Z OmVo h¢& EH$ ¶mo½¶ {ejH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na {ZíM¶

hr à^md S>mbVm h¡&

10. g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr

g‘yh ¶m Q>mobr Ho$ gXñ¶ H$o ê$n ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm ì¶dhma-Hw$eb hmo OmVm h¡

{H$ g‘mO ‘§o àdoím H$aZo Ho$ ~mX Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$s H${R>ZmB© H$m AZw^d

Zht hmoVm h¡& habm°H$ Ho$ BZ eãXm| ‘|-

g‘yh Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$m Eogm ‘hÎdnyU© à{ejU

àmá H$aZm h¡ O¡gm àm¡‹T>-g‘mO Ûmam {ZYm©[aV H$s JB© XemAm| ‘| CVZr g’$bVm go

àmá Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

11. IobHy$X

~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na IobHy$X H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& Iobm| Ho$

‘mÜ¶‘ go CZ‘| gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Omo CZHo$ OrdZ â H$m‘

AmVm h¡& pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡ {H$-

Iob H$m ‘¡XmZ ~mbH$ H$m {Z‘m©U ñWb h¡ ¶hm± Cgo àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo gm‘m{OH$

Am¡a ¶m§{ÌH$ CnH$aU CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo {Z{íMV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢&

12. AÝ¶ H$maH$

~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo AÝ¶ H$maH$ ^r à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& O¡go-

g§ñH¥${V, {gZo‘m, H¡$ån OrdZ, ao{S>¶mo, gm‘mMma-nÌ, gm{hË¶, H$åß¶yQ>a,

BÝQ>aZoQ>, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmE± Am{X Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©

^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVo h¢&

{d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ CZH$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo

H$maH$m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ ‘mZd OrdZ ‘| gm‘m{OH$

{dH$mg ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr ~ZZo Ho$ {bE g‘mOrH$aU

H$s à{H«$¶m ~hþV Amdí¶H$ h¡& gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,

‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& {ejU g§ñWmAm|

‘| ñdñW gm‘m{OH$ AÝV{H©«$¶m Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m

H$mo ‘O~yV ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU {ZaÝVa n[adV©Zerb ahVm

h¡, {OgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo g‘m¶mo{OV H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

3.4.4 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$mo

ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-

1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwH$yb ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡&

2. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ ‘| g‘mO Ho$ bmoJm| Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ à{V EH$ YZmË‘H$ ‘Zmod¥[Îm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡&

3. gm‘m[OH$ AnojmAm| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ~mbH$ àmá H$a boVm h¡&

4. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AZwê$n ~mbH$ g‘mO ‘| AZw‘mo{XV gm‘m{OH$ ^y{‘H$m¶| H$aZm grIVm h¡&

3.4.5 gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd1. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ>

go Amdí¶H$ Iob Am{X {IbmZo Mm{hE&2. ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$mo EH$ gmW IobZo XoZm gm‘m{OH$ ÑpîQ> go

AZwHy$b h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| Amngr g‘P-~yP ~‹T>Vr h¡&3. g‘w{MV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg go ~mbH$ AmkmH$mar Ed§ AZwemgZ

{à¶ hmoVo h¢&4. ~mha Ky‘Zo O¡go {nH${ZH$, H¡$ån Am{X Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ^r ~mbH$m| H$m

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& e¡{jH$ n¶©Q>Z ^r gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘|

Cn¶moJr h¡&5. ~mbH$m| H$mo {dÚmb¶ Ho$ àË¶oH$ H$m¶© ‘| {hñgm boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV

H$aZo go ^r CZH$m gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

6. Eogo ~mbH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {ZamH$aU ‘| gh¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

3.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJ CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma h¢& ào‘, hf©

Am¡a CËgwH$Vm Ho$ g‘mZ A{^ZÝXZr¶ g§doJ CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoVo h¢, O~{H$ ^¶, H«$moY Am¡a B©î¶m© O¡go {ZÝXZr¶

g§doJ CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo {dH¥$V Am¡a Hw$pÊR>V H$a gH$Vo h¢& JoQ²>g d AÝ¶ Zo

{bIm h¡ {H$-

~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma CgHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝ¶ nhbwAm| Ho$ AZwê$n hmoVm h¡

Am¡a CZgo CZH$m AÝV: gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&






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3.5.1 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m AW©~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$hVo h¢& ~mbH$ ‘| ‘yb

àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$moB© g§doJ {N>nm hmoVm h¡- O¡go nbm¶Z Ho$ nrN>o ^¶& O~

¶o g§doJ ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ñWm¶r AmYma ~Z OmVo h¢, Vmo BÝh| ñWm¶r ^md

H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡,

CgHo$ g§doJm| ‘| ^r {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$mo {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$, Z¡{VH$,

Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& g§doJ, dmñVd ‘| CnÐd H$s AdñWm

h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³V gm‘mÝ¶ Zht ahVm h¡& g§doJ H$s n[a^mfmE± Bg àH$ma h¢ -

1. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-

g§doJ MoVZm H$s dh AdñWm h¡ {Og‘| amJmË‘H$ VÎd H$s àYmZVm ahVr h¡&

2. dobÊQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma-

O~ amJmË‘H$ àH¥${V H$m doJ ~‹T> OmVm h¡ V^r g§doJ H$s CËn[Îm hmoVr h¡&

3. dwS>dW© Ho$ AZwgma-

g§doJ, ì¶p³V H$s CÎmo{OV Xem h¡&

4. OaerëS> Ho$ AZwgma-

{H$gr ^r àH$ma Ho$ AmXoe AmZo, ^‹S>H$ CR>Zo VWm CÎmo{OV hmo OmZo H$s AdñWm

H$mo g§doJ H$hVo h¢&

5. nr.Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma-

g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| go CËnÞ gånyU© ì¶p³V Ho$ Vrd« CnÐd H$s AdñWm h¡,

{Og‘§o ì¶dhma, MoVZm, AZw^d Am¡a A^mamd¶d Ho$ H$m¶© g{ÝZ{hV ahVo h¢&

BZ n[a^mfmAm| go g§doJm| H$s {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmAm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V

hmoVr h¡ -1. g§doJ H$s AdñWm ‘o§ ì¶p³V gm‘mÝ¶ Zht ahVm, CÎmo{OV hmoVm h¡&2. g§doJ ‘| AZw^y{V MoVZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ n[adV©Z hmoVo h¢&3. g§doJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[apñW{V ¶m CÎmoOH$ Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&

AV: ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ g§doJ EH$ {deof ‘mZ{gH$ Xem h¡ {Og‘| ì¶p³V

H$s emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ Xem VWm ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ

AdñWmAm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Am¡a ì¶dhma, {ejH$ Ho$ {bE

{deof AÜ¶¶Z H$m {df¶ h¡&

3.5.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mge¡edmdñWm Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| àdoe H$aVm h¡& 6 df© H$s Am¶w go

{H$emoamdñWm Amaå^ hmoZo VH$ H$m g‘¶ ~më¶mdñWm H$hbmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go ~më¶mdñWm EH$ AZmoIr AdñWm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm|

H$s A{^ì¶p³V ‘| gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m ^md AmZo bJVm h¡ VWm ~mbH$ g§doJm| H$s

A{^ì¶p³V na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| g§doJm| ‘| pñWaVm

AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ d CJ«Vm H$‘ hmoZo bJVr h¡& e¡edmdñWm ‘| CËnÝZ

g§doJm| H$mo ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm ‘| {Z¶{ÝÌV T>§J ‘| A{^ì¶³V H$aZm grI OmVo

h¢& Bg AdñWm Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE± AJ«{b{IV h¢-

1. g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r

~më¶mdñWm ‘| g§doJm| H$s CJ«Vm ‘| H$‘r AmZo bJVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ A~ g‘mOrH$aU

H$s à{H«$¶m ewê$ hmo OmZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ Adm§N>Zr¶ g§doJm| H$mo Xÿgao Ho$ gm‘Zo

àH$Q> Zht hmoZo XoVm h¡ VWm Cg‘| CZ g§doJm| Ho$ X‘Z H$s j‘Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo

bJVr h¡&

2. {Okmgm H$s à~bVm

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| {Okmgm àd¥[Îm AË¶ÝV à~b hmoVr h¡&

Bgr à~b {Okmgm Ho$ H$maU hr ~mbH$ {OZ-{OZ dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm

h¡, CZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| ³¶m| VWm H¡$go go gå~pÝYV àíZ nyN>H$a CZH$s H$m¶©

àUmbr H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm MmhVm h¡&

3. B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| ‘| B©î¶m© H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmo OmVr h¡

VWm do {H$gr Z {H$gr H$maU go AnZo ^mB©-~hZm| ¶m gm{W¶m| H$mo {M‹T>mVo h¢,

PyR>o Amamon bJmVo h¢, {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVo h¢ VWm A³ga CZ na ì¶§½¶ H$gVo

XoIo OmVo h¢& àm¶… ~mbH$ AnZm H$moB© A{YH$ma N>rZ {b¶o OmZo na Xÿgao

~mbH$ go B©î¶m© H$aVo h¢, {OgH$m CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ^r AÀN>m

à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&

4. H«$moY H$s A{YH$Vm

~më¶mdñWm ‘| H«$moY H$m g§doJ ^r à~b hmo OmVm h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU

hVmem h¡& BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ~mYm n‹S>Zo na AWdm H$m¶m] H$s AZmdí¶H$ AmbmoMZm

H$aZo na ~mbH$ H$mo H«$moY Am OmVm h¡, {OZH$s A{^ì¶p³V dh ‘m¡Z ahH$a,

CXmg hmoH$a AWdm ^mB©-~hZ ¶m gm{W¶m| go PJ‹S>m H$aHo$ d dñVwAm| H$mo

CR>m-nQ>H$ H$aHo$ H$aVm h¡&

5. {Zamem

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm ^r AmZo bJVr h¡& n[adma, g‘mO

VWm {dÚmb¶ Ho$ Ûmam ~Zm¶o J¶o AZwemgZ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ O~ ~mbH$m| H$s

BÀN>mny{V© ‘| ~mYH$ hmoVo h¢, Vmo BÀN>mAm| Ho$ nyar Z hmoZo Ho$ H$maU ^r ~mbH$m|

‘| {Zamem H$s ^mdZm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&

6. ^¶

~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ H$m g§doJ OmJ«V hmoVm h¡ Omo e¡edmdñWm Ho$

^¶ go Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ^¶ H$m gå~ÝY àm¶… ^mdr H$m¶m]

go hmoVm h¡ O¡go narjm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ Z àmá H$aZo H$m ^¶, J¥hH$m¶© Z H$aZo na

ñHy$b ‘| XÊS> {‘bZo H$m ^¶ VWm H$jm ‘| àíZ H$m CÎma Z XoZo na AÜ¶mnH$

Ûmam {nQ>mB© H$m ^¶ Am{X&

7. Cëbmg H$s A{YH$Vm

~më¶mdñWm ‘o| ~mbH$/~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| Cëbmg H$s

A{YH$Vm hmo OmVr h¡& do AÀN>o H$n‹S>o, AÀN>m ImZm, IobZo H$s Ny>Q>, Ñí¶

ñWb Ho$ à‘mU Am{X Ho$ Adga {‘bZo na A{YH$ Cëbm{gV hmoVo h¢& Bg‘|

CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV ê$n go hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma AÀN>o àmám§H$,

ê${MH$a ImÚ nXmWm] AWdm dm§{N>V Iob gm‘J«r H$mo XoIH$a ^r ~mbH$

à’w$pëbV hmoVm h¡&















8. ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V

~më¶mdñWm ‘| AmVo-AmVo ~mbH$ AnZr ñZoh ^mdZm H$s A{^ì¶p³V CZ

ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V H$aVm h¡ {OZHo$ gmW dh ahZm MmhVm h¡ ¶m

{OZH$s dh ghm¶Vm H$aZm MmhVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ¶m dñVwAm| Ho$ gånH©$

‘| Cgo gwI {‘bVm h¡, CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo ñZoh H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&

3.5.3 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$habm°H$ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ ‘| g§doJerbVm H$s Xem CgHo$ ñdmñÏ¶, {XZ Ho$ g‘¶ Am¡a

dmVmdaU-gå~ÝYr à^mdm| O¡go H$maH$m| na {Z^©a ahZo Ho$ H$maU g‘¶-g‘¶ na

n[ad{V©V hmoVr ahVr h¡&

H$maH$m| na {Z¶ÝÌU ñWm{nV H$aHo$ hr ~mbH$ H$s g§doJerbVm H$mo de

‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {ZX}{eV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já

{ddaU {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. d§emZwH«$‘

ì¶p³V d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AÝ¶ nyd©Om| go AZoH$

emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ JwU d ¶mo½¶VmE± àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

2. n[adma

habm°H$ Ho$ {dMma go ~mbH$ H$m n[adma CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo VrZ

àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡; nhbm ¶{X n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ AË¶{YH$ g§doJmË‘H$

hmoVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ^r Cgr àH$ma H$m hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘|

empÝV, gwajm Am¡a AmZÝX Ho$ H$maU CÎmoOZm CËnÝZ Zhr§ hmoVr h¡, Vmo ~mbH$

Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m ê$n gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡& Vrgam, ¶{X n[adma ‘§o

b‹S>mB©-PJ‹So$ hmoZm, {‘bZo-OwbZo dmbm| H$m ~hþV AmZm Am¡a ‘Zmoa§OZ H$m

H$m¶©H«$‘ ~ZVo ahZm gmYmaU KQ>ZmE± h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJm| ‘§o CÎmoOZm

CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&

3. ñdmñÏ¶

ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶ H$m CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Jham à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go AñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘|

emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg A{YH$

gÝVmofOZH$ VWm ñdñW ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& CZHo$ g§doJm§o ‘| A{YH$ pñWaVm,

{ZpíMVVm VWm ñnîQ>Vm hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘| YZmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-Iwer,

gÝVmof, ào‘, ñZoh Am{X g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ AñdñW ~mbH$m| ‘|

G$UmË‘H$ g§doJ O¡go-B©î¶m©, Ûof, Xþ…I, AgÝVmof, {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ, H«$moY Am{X

g§doJ A{YH$ hmoVo h¢&

4. ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm

habm°H$ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o VWm ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm

‘| AH$mb àm¡‹T> ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶ A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V g‘¶

go nyd© n[an³d ~mbH$ AnZr hr Am¶w Ho$ AÝ¶ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm A{YH$

S>aVo h¢ ³¶m|{H$ do gå^m{dV IVam| go A{YH$ gmdYmZ hmoVo h¢& {OZ ~mbH$m|

H$s ~w{Õ gm‘mÝ¶ ñVa go H$‘ hmoVr h¡, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$‘ nm¶r

OmVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~mbH$ Hw$emJ« ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm

A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&

5. n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am[W©H$ ñVa

{H$gr n[adma H$m gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ ñVa ^r {H$gr n[adma Ho$ ~mbH$ Ho$

g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÀM gm‘m{OH$-

Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$ ‘| loîR>Vm H$s ^mdZm VWm BgHo$ {dnarV {ZåZ

gm‘m{OH$ Am{W©H$ ñVa Ho$ n[adma H$o ~mbH$ ‘| hrZVm H$s ^mdZm â OmVr

h¡ Ed§ {ZåZ dJ© Ho$ g^r Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘Ü¶‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$m|

H$s Anojm ^¶ H$s ^mdZm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡ Ed§ ~mbH$ qhgm go A{YH$

^¶^rV hmoVo h¢, O~{H$ qhgm H$s ^mdZm ‘Ü¶‘ VWm CÀM dJ© Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo

H$‘ à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&

6. ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m A{^^mdH$m| H$m ì¶dhma

~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm AWdm A{^^mdH$m| H$m

CZHo$ gmW hmoZo dmbm ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& CÎm‘ Ed§

AmXe© ì¶dhma CZHo$ g§doJm| na AZwHy$b VWm Iam~ ì¶dhma à{VHy$b à^md

S>mbVm h¡& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~ÀMm| H$s Cnojm

H$aVo h¢ CZHo$ ~mbH$ gÝVwbZ Imo ~¡R>Vo h¢ VWm ào‘ Ho$ A^md ‘| Eogo ~mbH$

N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r ~mVm| go H«$mo{YV ¶m ^¶^rV hmo OmVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma Amdí¶H$Vm

go A{YH$ bm‹S>-ß¶ma ^r ~mbH$m| ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡&

7. gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V

ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ ’$bñdê$n àmá gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V ^r

CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ì¶{³V AnZo H$m¶m] H$s Xÿgam|

Ho$ Ûmam àe§gm MmhVm h¡& O~ CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡ V~ Cg‘|

g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& dmñVd ‘| ¶{X ì¶{³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m]

H$s gm‘m{OH$ ñdrH¥${V Zht {‘bVr h¡, Vmo CgH$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma ¶m Vmo

{e{Wb hmo OmVm h¡ AWdm CJ« hmo OmVm h¡&

8. A{^bmfm

‘mVm-{nVm H$mo AnZo ~mbH$ go ~‹S>r-~‹S>r AmemE± hmoVr h¡& ñd¶§ ~mbH$ ‘§o

H$moB© Z H$moB© A{^bmfm hmoVr h¡& ¶{X CgH$s A{^bmfm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo

dh {Zamem Ho$ gmJa ‘| Sw>~{H$¶m± bJmZo bJVm h¡& gmW hr, Cgo AnZo ‘mVm-

{nVm H$s H$Qw> AmbmoMZm gwZZr n‹S>Vr h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| Cg‘| H$moB© ^r ~mV Omo

~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘-{dídmg H$mo H$‘ H$aVr h¡, ¶m CgHo$ AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo R>og

nhþ±MmVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ H$m¶© ‘| ~mYm CnpñWV H$aVr h¡ ¶m CgHo$ Ûmam ‘hÎdnyU©

g‘Po OmZo dmbo bú¶m| H$s àm{á ‘| AdamoY CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡, CgH$s {MpÝVV

Am¡a ^¶^rV ahZo H$s àd¥[Îm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vr h¡&

9. ~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘

~mbH$ H$m OÝ‘H«$‘ ^r CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© T>§J go à^m{dV

H$aVm h¡& nhbm ~mbH$ ~mX Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ ^¶ H$s ^mdZm

aIVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbm ~mbH$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ A{Vg§ajU H$s A{^d¥[Îm Ho$

AYrZ hmoVm h¡&






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10. {dÚmb¶

{dÚmb¶ H$m ^r ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na ñnîQ> à^md XoIm Om gH$Vm

h¡& ~mbH$ {d{dY {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go AnZo g§dJm| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm

h¡& {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶H«$‘, H$m¶©H«$‘, {ejH$ g‘yh Am{X ~mbH$m| Ho$

g§doJm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hmoVo h¢, Vmo CÝho§ AmZÝX H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡ VWm CZH$m ñdñW

g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV {dÚmb¶r dmVmdaU go Vmb‘ob Z

hmoZo na, narjm ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo na, AÜ¶mnH$m| Ho$ AË¶{YH$ ewîH$ ì¶dhma

Am{X Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$mo§ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJ O¡go ^¶, H«$moY, {M‹S>{M‹S>mhQ> ¶m

K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&

11. WH$mZ

WH$mZ go ì¶p³V H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m’$s hX VH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& WHo$

hþ¶o ì¶{³V ‘| H«$moY, ZmamOJr ¶m {M‹S>{M‹S>mnZ O¡go G$UmË‘H$ ¶m Adm§N>Zr¶

g§doJ àX{e©V H$aZo H$s àd¥[Îm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&

12. {ejH$

{ejH$ ^r ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& {ejH$

AnZo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ H$B© àH$ma H$s H$WmAm|, AmË‘H$WmAm| Am¡a Ord{Z¶m|

Ho$ àoaH$ àg§J, ÑîQ>mÝV Ed§ CXmhaU àñVwV H$aHo$ CZ‘| CXmÎm M[aÌ Ed§

AmXe© ì¶p³VËd H$m AZwgaU H$aZo H$s BÀN>m n¡Xm H$aVm h¡, {Oggo N>mÌm| ‘|

gmh{gH$Vm, ghZerbVm, em{ÝV{à¶Vm O¡go AÀN>o JwU {dH${gV H$aZo ‘| ‘XX

{‘bVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

13. AÝ¶ H$maH$

~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na Adm§N>Zr¶ à^md S>mbZo dmbo Hw$N> AÝ¶

‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ h¢- AË¶{YH$ H$m¶©, H$m¶© ‘| AZmdí¶H$ ~mYm Am¡a

An‘mZOZH$ ì¶dhma&

Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{^ÝZ

H$maH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| {e{WbVm

AWdm CJ«Vm AmVr h¡ VWm ~mbH$ H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg gå^d hmoVm h¡&

g§doJm| H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| A{V ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& loîR> g§doJm|

na AmYm[aV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñÏ¶ H$mo g‘wÝZV, ‘mZ{gH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU

H$mo CXma, H$m¶© H$aZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo ~bdVr Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ‘Ywa

~ZmVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV, jwÐ g§doJm| na Am{lV ì¶dhma, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$,

‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg na j{VàX à^md S>mbH$a CgH$mo {dH¥$V

H$a XoVo h¢& AV… {ejH$m| Am¡a A{^^mdH$m§o H$mo ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$

g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhmam§o Ho$ H$maUm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ CZH$m C{MV nWàXe©Z

H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CZH$m {dH$mg ew^ {Xem H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoH$a, CZ‘|

g§doJmË‘H$ n[an³dVm CËnÝZ H$a| Am¡a Bg àH$ma CZHo$ OrdZ H$mo gwIr,

g’$b Am¡a g‘¥Õ ~ZmE& Wm°ångZ H$m ¶h nam‘e© dmñVd ‘| A{^ZÝXZr¶ h¡-

Omo d¶ñH$ ñd¶§ Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ {ddoH$nyU© ah gH$Vo h¢, CÝh| ~mbH$m| Am¡a

~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ à{V‘mZm| Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo Ho$

{bE A{YH$ CÎm‘ Adga gwb^ ahVo h¢&

3.5.4 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVmE±g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s à‘wI {deofVmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-

1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg CÎmamoÎma hmoVm h¡&

2. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m H«$‘ gab go O{Q>b H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&

3. OrdZ ‘| AZw^d H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ gmW-gmW g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘|

n[an³dVm AmVr h¡&

4. g§doJm| na {Z¶ÝÌU, C{MV àH$Q>rH$aU Ed§ CZHo$ emoYZ go

g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg g‘w{MV T>§J go hmoVm h¡&

5. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘mZd-ì¶dhmam| go gå~{ÝYV hmoVm h¡&

3.5.5 g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd H$mo h‘ {ZåZ {~ÝXþAm| Ûmam

g‘P gH$Vo h¢-1. g‘w{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$ {ejU A{YJ‘ ‘| {deof

ê${M aIVo h¢&2. C{MV gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| {ejm Ho$ Ûmam CÎm‘ AmMaU

Ed§ loîR> AmXem] H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&3. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg hmoVm h¡

Am¡a do AÜ¶¶Z hoVw ào[aV hmoVo h¢&4. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| H$s e¡{jH$ CnbpãY A{YH$

nm¶r OmVr h¡&5. g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go {dH${gV ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZînmXZ j‘Vm A{YH$

hmoVr h¡&

‘mZd OrdZ ‘| g§doJm| H$m AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$

ì¶dhma H$m gå~ÝY g§doJm| go hmoVm h¡ VWm {ejm H$m gå~ÝY ì¶dhma Ho$

n[aemoYZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$m e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>

go AË¶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| Ho$

à{ejU na Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE VWm {ejm Ho$ Ûmam Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo {Z¶§{ÌV

VWm dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~mbH$m| Ho$

dmVmdaU H$mo Bg àH$ma go {Z¶§{ÌV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ Amoa Ohm± CZ‘|

Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m CX¶ Z hmo gHo$, dht Xÿgar Amoa CZ‘| dm§{N>V g§doJm| H$m

g§Mma ^r hmo gHo$& BgHo$ {bE emoYZ, AÜ¶dgm¶ VWm aoMZ Ho$ Ûmam g§doJm| H$mo

{Z¶{ÝÌV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& emoYZ ‘| Adm§{N>V g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$

CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY H$s d¥[Îm

H$mo eÌwAm| H$s Amoa ¶m H$m‘ àd¥[Îm H$mo gm{hË¶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S>Zm& AÜ¶dgm¶

‘| bJo ahH$a ^r g§doJm| H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aHo$ CÝh| AÀN>r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S>Zo H$m

à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& aoMZ H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ g§doJm| H$mo AmZo go amoH$m Z

Om¶o daZ² g§doJm| H$mo A{^ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga {X¶m Om¶o& AV…

{ejH$ hmoZo Ho$ ZmVo h‘ AÜ¶mnH$m| H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m|

Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶Wmgå^d gh¶moJ X| VWm nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm|,

O¡go-ZmQ>H$, Iob, ñH$mCqQ>J, ^«‘U Am{X Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ^r N>mÌmo H$m C{MV

T>§J go g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$a gHo$&















3.5.6 ~mbH$ Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$mg§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$s MMm© h‘ nhbo H$a

MwHo$ h¢& AJa BZ H$maH$m| H$m ^br-^m±{V Ü¶mZ aIm OmE Vmo AÜ¶mnH$ dJ©

~mbH$m| Ho$ gÝVw{bV g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m AÀN>r Vah {Z^m

gH$Vm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$m| Ûmam AnZm CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H¡$go {Z^m¶m OmE, BgH$s MMm©

{ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| H$s Om ahr h¡-

1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE O¡gm {H$ nhbo H$hm Om MwH$m h¡, ñdmñÏ¶

Am¡a emar[aH$ {dH$mg na nyam-nyam Ü¶mZ XoZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&

ñdñW Am¡a {ZamoJ H¡$go ahm OmE, Bg ~mV H$m ~ÀMm| H$mo ^br-

^m±{V kmZ H$am¶m OmZm Mm{hE& ‘mVm-{nVm Am¡a amÁ¶m{YH$m[a¶m|

Ho$ gh¶moJ go ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV Amhma Am¡a ImZ-nmZ H$s C{MV

ì¶dñWm H$s OmZr Mm{hE& AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ gmW

gånH©$ ñWm{nV H$a CÝh| CZHo$ ~ÀMm| H$s emar[aH$ H$‘Omo[a¶m|, Ý¶yZVmAm|, ~r‘m[a¶m| Am{X go AdJV H$amZm Mm{hE VWm CZHo$ {ZamH$aU Ho$ {bE Ka, {dÚmb¶ Am¡a {M{H$Ëgmb¶m| Ûmam C{MV à~ÝY H$s ì¶dñWm hmoZr Mm{hE&

2. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU r ~hþV à^md S>mbVm h¡& AV… AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo CÝh| AZwHy$b nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU àXmZ H$amZo H$m nyam-nyam à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE& ~ÀMm| Ho$ A{YH$ {ZH$Q> AmH$a AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo CZHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm VWm A{^^mdH$ dJ© H$mo CZHo$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ H$ë¶mU Ho$ {bE C{MV nam‘e© XoZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE VWm AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ Ûmam ^r CÝh| g§doJmË‘H$ gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo ‘| nyar ghm¶Vm XoZr Mm{hE&

3. {dÚmb¶ Ho$ n[adoe Am¡a {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo C{MV àH$ma go g§J{R>V H$a AÜ¶mnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ânya ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vo h¢& BgHo$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ ~mVm| H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE…-

4. ~ÀMm| H$s g§doJmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ C{MV àH$meZ Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE CÝho§ nmR>mÝVa {H«$¶mAm| VWm amoMH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go

C{MV Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE&5. nmR²>¶H«$‘ Am¡a AÜ¶¶Z {d{Y¶m± ¶WoîQ> ê$n ‘| n[adV©Zerb,

àJ{Verb Am¡a ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmoZr Mm{hE&

6. ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo AÜ¶mnH$m| go n¶m©á ñZoh Am¡a gh¶moJ {‘bZm

Mm{hE& àË¶oH$ AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñdm{^‘mZ H$m Ü¶mZ aIm OmZm Mm{hE VWm ^yb H$a ^r CZH$m An‘mZ Ed§ Adkm Zht H$s OmZr Mm{hE, Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo ~ÀMo H$s g^r àH$ma

H$s g§doJmË‘H$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE nyam-nyam à¶ËZ

H$aZm Mm{hE&7. ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§doJm| H$mo g§¶{‘V$ Ed§ à{e{jV H$aZo Ho$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$

Ûmam Cn¶w³V {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O¡go ^r hmo ~ÀMo Ho$ g§doJmË‘H$ VZmd H$mo g‘má H$aZo H$s MoîQ>m H$s OmZr Mm{hE

VWm CgHo$ AÝXa {H$gr r àH$ma H$s AZmdí¶H$ ‘mZ{gH$ J«pÝW¶m|

Am¡a {dH$mam| H$mo nZnZo H$m Adga Zht {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&8. Ym{‘©H$ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ {ejm H$mo {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ

{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Ohm± VH$ hmo gHo$ gmXm OrdZ CÀM {dMma H$mo

~ÀMm| Ho$ OrdZ H$m EH$ ‘yb-‘ÝÌ ~Zm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

9. AÜ¶mnH$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE AmXe© hmoVo h¢& do CZHo$ ha AmMaU H$m

AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢& AV… AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ AnZm

CXmhaU àñVwV H$a ~mbH$m| H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go A{YH$ gÝVw{bV

Am¡a g§¶{‘V ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

10. ~ÀMm| Ho$ gÝVw{bV gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa ^r nyam-nyam Ü¶mZ

{X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& CÝh| AnZr {‘Ì-‘ÊS>br, d¶-g‘yh VWm

gm‘m{OH$ n[adoe ‘| C{MV ñWmZ {‘bZm Mm{hE&

11. AÜ¶mnH$m| Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$m g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma gm‘mÝ¶ h¡ ¶m

Agm‘mÝ¶ h¡, Bg ~mV H$m AÀN>r Vah go AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmZm

Mm{hE& AJa CÝh| Cg‘| Hw$N> Agm‘mÝ¶Vm H$m Am^mg hmo Vmo g‘¶

go nhbo ¶mo½¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm bo H$a CgHo$ {ZamH$aU Am¡a amoH$Wm‘ Ho$ {bE nyam à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

12. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g§doJm| H$s aMZmË‘H$ ^y{‘H$m H$s Amoa ^r AÜ¶mnH$ H$m Ü¶mZ ahZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& gÝVw{bV Am¡a g§¶{‘V g§doJmË‘H$ ì¶dhma Am¡a ^mdZmE± Z Ho$db emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE EH$ A‘yë¶ Q>mo{ZH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡, ~pëH$ kmZ Am¡a H$m¡eb A{O©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ^r C{MV dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡& AV… AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {ejm J«hU H$amZo ‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go g{H«$¶ gmPoXma ~ZmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

3.6 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg^mfm EH$ Eogm ‘mÜ¶‘ h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| H$m

AmXmZ-àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡ Bg ZmVo Cgo

{ZaÝVa AnZo {dMmam| H$mo Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo A{^ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ^mfm H$s

Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Am¡a {dMmam| H$m K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡& ^mfm

{dMmam| H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m EH$ gwÝXa Am¡a gwJ‘ ‘mÜ¶‘ h¡& EH$ ‘yH$ ì¶p³V

Xÿgam| Ho$ gm‘Zo ñd¶§ H$mo {H$VZm Aghm¶ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡, O~ dh AnZo

{dMmamo§ H$mo ^mfm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go àH$Q> Zht H$a nmVm h¡& ¶Ú{n dh AnZo hmd-

^md VWm A§J g§MmbZ Ûmam AnZr ~mV H$mo H$hZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, {H$ÝVw

Cg‘| BVZr ñnîQ>Vm Zht hmoVr h¡& AV: ^mfm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go {dMmam| H$mo àH$Q>

H$aZo na CZ‘| ñnîQ>Vm Am OmVr h¡& AV: àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H«$‘ ‘|

^mfm {dH$mg hmoZm na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$aVm h¡& ^mfm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go {dMmam| H$m

AmXmZ-àXmZ H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$s gm‘m{OH$Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Bgr

àH$ma n‹T>Zo, {bIZo, grIZo Am{X g^r {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ^mfm {dH$mg ‘mÜ¶‘

H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ H$maU hr ‘mZd Xÿgao Ordm| go loîR> ‘mZm

OmVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s gä¶Vm d g§ñH¥${V H$m [dH$mg ^r ^mfm H$s hr XoZ h¡&

3.6.1 ^mfm¶r {dH$mg H$m AW©~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm¶r {dH$mg go VmËn¶© h¡ CgHo$ ^mdm| Ed§ {dMmam| H$mo A{^ì¶³V

H$aZo Ho$ {bE Omo ÜdÝ¶mË‘H$ gmYZ CgHo$ nmg h¡, {Ogo ^mfm H$hVo h¢ CZH$m






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{dH$mg& ~mbH$ H$s dmH²$ ep³V OÝ‘OmV hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ^mfm H$m {dH$mg

CgHo$ dmVmdaU go AÝV… {H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY gwZZo,

~mobZo, n‹T>Zo Am¡a {bIZo Ho$ ^mfm¶r H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡&

3.6.2 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW CgHo$ ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ñZm¶w{dH$

A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm AmVr OmVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n Yrao-Yrao CgH$m ^mfm

{dH$mg Vrd« J{V go hmoZo bJVm h¡& ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ eãX go boH$a dm³¶

{Z‘m©U H$s {H«$¶m ‘| XjVm àmßV H$a boVm h¡&

~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^r ~m{bH$mAm§o

H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m§o H$s VwbZm ‘| Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡ VWm b‹S>H$m§o H$s

Anojm CZHo$ dm³¶m| ‘| eãXm| H$s g§»¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V ^mfm

àñVwVrH$aU ‘| ^r ~m{bH$m¶| ~mbH$m§o go VoO hmoVr h¡& àW‘ 6 dfm] VH$ ¶h

J{V Vrd« ahVr h¡ {’$a ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡&

gremoa Zo ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo {ZåZ gmaUr Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘

go ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡-

gremoa Ho$ AZwgma ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg

Am¶w eãX

4 df© 5,600

5 df© 9,600

6 df© 14,700

7 df© 21,200

8 df© 26,300

10 df© 34,300

~mbH$m| Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma na d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m dmVmdaU {OVZm {dñV¥V hmoJm, eãX ^ÊS>ma CVZm hr

{dñV¥V ~ZVm h¡&

O¡gob Ho$ ‘VmZwgma Mma df© H$s Am¶w ‘| bJ^J nMmg à{VeV ~mbH$

N>moQ>o eãXm|, O¡go- Hw$gu, Jw{‹S>¶m, nmnm, nmZr Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ AnZo

dm³¶m| ‘| ghr AW© ‘| H$a gH$Vo h¢& pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma nm±M-N>: df© Ho$ ~mbH$

AnZo dm³¶m| ‘§o H$^r-H$^r EH$ Xmo eãX ^yb go N>mo‹S> XoVo h¢, H$^r-H$^r {H«$¶m

Ho$ à¶moJ ‘§o Ìw{Q> H$aVo h¢, {H$ÝVw do ñd¶§ hr Cgo gwYmaZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢&

3.6.3 ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$g^r ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm {dH$mg H$s ‘mÌm Am¡a J{V g‘mZ Zht hmoVr h¡& H$moB©

~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡, Vmo H$moB© Xoa go& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N> ~mbH$m| H$mo

gr{‘V eãXm| H$s OmZH$mar hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Hw$N> H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma AË¶{YH$

{dH${gV hmoVm h¡& eãXmoÀMmaU ‘| ^r H$moB© ~mbH$ ewÕ CÀMmaU H$aVm h¡,

O~{H$ Hw$N> ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof nm¶o OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$

~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| H$m’$s AÝVa nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg AÝVa Ho$ {d{^ÝZ

H$maU hmoVo h¢, {OÝh| ^mfm {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo VÎd H$hm OmVm h¡&

¶o VÎd {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-


Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~mbH$ ñdñW d {ZamoJr hmoVo h¢, CZH$m ^mfm {dH$mg

CZ ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| erK« hmoVm h¡, Omo A³ga ~r‘ma Am¡a AñdñW ahVo

h¢& AñdñÏ¶ Am¡a ~r‘ma ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Bg{bE ‘ÝX J{V go hmoVm

h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do gr{‘V ‘mÌm ‘| hr AnZo {‘Ìm| d gm{W¶m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| Am nmVo h¢,

{Oggo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo H$m Adga H$‘ {‘b nmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V

emar[aH$ AñdñWVm Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ A{YH$m§eV… emÝV ahVm h¡ Am¡a H$‘

~mobVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n ~mobZo H$m Aä¶mg H$‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo dh mfm {dH$mg

‘| ñdñW ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| nrN>o ahVm h¡&

2. eara aMZm

~mbH$ Ho$ ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ gmW-gmW CgH$s eara aMZm ^r BgHo$ ^mfm {dH$mg

H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& eara aMZm go VmËn¶© ñda¶ÝÌ, Or^, Vmby, Xm±V Am{X

H$s ~ZmdQ> go h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶o A§J hr ~mobZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& ¶{X

~mbH$ H$m ñda¶ÝÌ n[an³d hmoVm h¡, Or^ H$s ‘m±gno{e¶m± {H«$¶merb hmoVr h¡,

Xm±Vm| H$s aMZm gm‘mÝ¶ hmoVr h¡, Vmo Eogo ~mbH$ OëXr Am¡a ñnîQ> ~mobVo h¢,

{H$ÝVw {OZ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| H$moB© Iam~r hmoVr h¡, Vmo do Xoa go ~mobVo h¢

Am¡a ñnîQ> ^r Zht ~mob nmVo h¢&

3. qbJ ôX

‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ Bg joÌ ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ^mfm

{dH$mg qbJ ôX go à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| ‘¡H$mWu Zo AnZo AÜ¶¶Zm| Ho$

níMmV² à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ Am¶w Ho$ ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| ‘| ~m{bH$mAm|

H$s ^mfm OëXr g‘P ‘| Am OmZo ¶mo½¶ hmoVr h¡& AÝ¶ d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma

^r b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s VwwbZm ‘| erK« ~mobZm àmaå^ H$aVr h¡, CZH$m eãX

^ÊS>ma ^r b‹S>H$m| go A{YH$ hmoVm h¡& ~m{bH$mAm| Ho$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^r ewÕVm

hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| ^mfm Xmof A{YH$ nm¶o OmVo h¢&

4. ~w{Õ

~w{Õ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY nm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {H$¶o

J¶o ~w{Õ narjUm| go kmV hþAm {H$ Omo ~mbH$ CËH¥$îQ> ~w{Õ Ho$ hmoVo h¢, do OëXr

~mobZm ewê$ H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| ‘| ~mobZo H$s j‘Vm Xoa

go {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ~w{Õ‘mZ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ^ÊS>ma {dñV¥V, eãX M¶Z

CÎm‘, ewÕ CÀMmaU Am¡a dm³¶ aMZm H$s A{YH$ j‘Vm nm¶r OmVr h¡&

5. gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ pñW{V

{OZ n[admam| H$s gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, CZ n[admam| ‘|

~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡& Omo ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV VWm AÀN>r

gm‘m{OH$ d Am{W©H$ pñW{V dmbo hmoVo h¢, CZHo$ ~mbH$m| H$m eãX ÊS>ma gwÝXa

hmoVm h¡ VWm CÀMmaU ewÕ hmoVm h¡& do AnZr ^mfm ‘| JÝXo eãXm| H$m à¶moJ

Zht H$aVo h¢ ¶{X CZH$s ^mfm ‘| H$moB© Xmof Am ^r OmVm h¡ Vmo {e{jV ‘mVm-

{nVm CgHo$ {ZamH$aU H$m à¶mg erK«Vm go H$aVo h¢& Bg‘o {dnarV A{e{jV

‘mVm-{nVm mfm {dH$mg H$mo ‘hÎd Zht XoVo h¢& ‘m± ~mn ñd¶ r JÝXo eãXm| H$m

CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo AZwH$aU go CZHo$ ~ÀMo r «îQ> CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVo h¢&















6. n[an³dVm

{Og àH$ma {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡& Cgr àH$ma ^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ’o$’$‹S>o, Jbm, Or^, hm|R>, Xm±V,

ñda¶ÝÌ VWm ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ^mfm Ho$ÝÐ H$m nyU© n[an³d hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~

VH$ ¶o g^r A§J n[an³dVm àmá Zht H$aVo h¢, V~ VH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo Mmho {H$gr

^r àH$ma H$m ~mobZo H$m à{ejU ³¶m| Z {X¶m Om¶o CgH$m ^mfm {dH$mg Zht

hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-O¡go ¶o A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$aVo OmVo h¢, Cgr H«$‘ go

^mfm {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm h¡&

7. grIZm VWm AZwH$aU

O~ ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§J n[an³dVm àmá H$a boVo h¢, Vmo

~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg {’$a dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎdm| Ho$ AYrZ hmo OmVm h¡&

¶o dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr VÎd h¡-1. grIZo Ho$ Adga2. AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm

ñZm¶w{dH$ n[an³dVm VWm ^mfm {dH$mg gå~ÝYr A§Jm| ‘| n[an³dVm

Am OmZo na grIZo Am¡a AZwH$aU Ho$ {bE n¶m©á Adga àXmZ {H$¶o OmVo h¢,

Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡& {OZ Kam§o ‘| H$B© ~mbH$ hmoVo

h¢, Vmo dhm± N>moQ>m ~mbH$ ~‹S>m| H$m AZwH$aU H$a OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡& Bgr

àH$ma ¶{X ~mbH$ g§¶w³V n[adma H$m gXñ¶ h¡, Vmo dhm± ^r Cgo d¶ñH$m§o go

^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE n¶m©á grIZo VWm AZwH$aU H$aZo H$m Adga àmá hmoVm

h¡& My±{H$ ~mbH$ ‘| AZwH$aU H$s àd¥[Îm H$m {dH$mg OÝ‘ Ho$ 9 go 10 ‘hrZo

níMmV² go hr hmo OmVm h¡& AV… ‘mVm-{nVm VWm AÝ¶ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo

dh Ü¶mZ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘j ^«îQ> ^mfm H$m à¶moJ Z H$a|&

8. àoaUm

A{YH$m§eV… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo ¶Ú{n grIZo Ho$ AZoH$ Adga àmá

hmoVo h¢, {’$a ^r ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm CÝh| ^mfm grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV Zht

H$a nmVo h¢& A{^^mdH$ H$mo Mm[hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo amoZo na do MrO| CnbãY

Z H$amE± {OZHo$ {bE do amo aho h¢ VWm ~mbH$ ¶{X g§Ho$V Am¡a hmd-^md Ho$

à¶moJ ‘| H$moB© MrO ‘m±J| Vmo ^r CnbãY Z H$amE±, ³¶m|{H$ Bg àH$ma ~mbH$

eãXm| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo§Jo& Yrao-Yrao do g‘PZo bJ|Jo {H$ {~Zm eãX

~mobo CÝh| MrO| àmá Zht hm|Jr& Amdí¶H$VmZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo ~hbm-’w$gbmH$a

ß¶ma go, Xþbma go ^r eãX ~mobZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

9. {ZX}eZ

^mfm {dH$mg H$o {bE àoaUm Ho$ gmW-gmW {ZX}eZ H$s r Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

^mfm {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$ Omo eãX ~mobo Om¶§o CZHo$ ‘m°S>b ^r ~ÀMm|

Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶o Om¶|, {Oggo dh ~mobo J¶o eãX H$s ghr Vñdra AnZo

‘pñVîH$ ‘| A§{H$V H$a gHo$& O¡go ¶{X Jw{‹S>¶m {XImH$a CgHo$ gm‘Zo Jw[‹S>¶m

eãX H$m CÀMmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo Yrao-Yrao Jw{‹S>¶m eãX Am¡a CgH$s AmH¥${V

~ÀMo Ho$ {X‘mJ ‘| ~¡R> OmVr h¡, {Oggo ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r dh Jw{‹S>¶m XoIVm

h¡ Vmo ñdV… hr Jw{‹S>¶m eãX H$m CÀMmaU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… C{MV {ZX}eZ

go ~mbH$ OëXr ~mobZm grIVm h¡&

10. nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY

~ÀMo Ho$ nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY CgHo$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& {OZ ~ÀMm|

H$o nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, do ~ÀMo AÀN>r àoaUm nmH$a OëXr ~mobZm

grI boVo h¢& ~ÀMo Ho$ ^mfm {dH$mg na nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m à^md OmZZo

Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| {OZ‘| pñnO, ‘¡H$mWv, Wm‘gZ Am{X H$m Zm‘

à‘wI h¡, Zo AZmWmb¶ Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶hm± nm[adm[aH$

gå~ÝYm| H$m A^md Wm& AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ níMmV² CÝhm|Zo {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$

nm[adm[aH$ gånH©$ go AbJ ahZo dmbo ~ÀMo amoVo A{YH$ h¢ Am¡a ~~bmVo H$‘ h¢&

CZHo$ ‘w±h go {ZH$bZo dmbr Üd[Z¶m| H$s g§»¶m ^r H$‘ hmoVr h¡& AV… CZH$m

^mfm {dH$mg Xoa go hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ ~rM Omo ~mbH$ n[adma Ho$ gmW ahVo h¢ do

OëXr VWm ewÕ ~mobZm grI OmVo h¢&

Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§ Zo n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$s g§»¶m VWm AmH$ma H$m

à^md ^r ^mfm {dH$mg na OmZZo Ho$ {bE AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm

{H$ {OZ n[admam| ‘| A{YH$ ~ÀMo hmoVo h¢ ¶m Ohm± g§¶w³V n[adma hmoVo h¢ dhm±

~mbH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga A{YH$ àmá hmoVo h¢, {Oggo ~mbH$m| H$m ^mfm

{dH$mg erK«Vm go hmoVm h¡&

11. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±

AÜ¶¶Zm| ‘| ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ Omo ~ÀMo CËgmhr hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| emÝV àH¥${V

Ho$ ~ÀMm§o H$s Anojm ^mfm erK« {dH${gV hmoVr h¡& CËgmhr ~ÀMm| H$s ^mfm

~mobZo H$s J{V ^r Vrd« hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ Omo ~ÀMo AmdoJr hmoVo h¢, ^bo hr do Vrd«

~w{Õ dmbo ³¶m| Z hm|, BZH$m eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU CZ ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm Ìw{Q>nyU©

hmoVm h¡, Omo H$‘ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbo naÝVw emÝV àH¥${V Ho$ hmoVo h¢&

12. H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ

{OZ n[admam| ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$B© ^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ dhm± ~mbH$m| H$m

^mfm {dH$mg R>rH$ àH$ma go Zht hmo nmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam ~ÀMo Ho$

gm‘Zo EH$ hr dñVw Ho$ {bE Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Xmo AbJ-AbJ eãXm| H$mo ¶mX aIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ {bE H${R>Z hmoVm h¡, {Oggo

CgHo$ CÀMmaU ‘| ^mfm gå~ÝYr Xmof Am OmVo h¢& AV… ¶{X n[adma ‘| H$B©

^mfmAm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ~mbH$ H$m ^mfm {dH$mg Yr‘r J{V go

hmoVm h¡&

3.7 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg[^ÝZ-{^ÝZ dJmoª VWm g‘mOm§o Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| AÝVa ahVm h¡,

CXmhaUñdê$n, ^maV Am¡a ¶yamon Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ~hþV AÝVa h¡& BgH$m

‘Vb~ ¶h h¡ {H$ Omo ~mV EH$ g‘mO R>rH$ g‘PVm h¡, Cgo hr Xÿgam g‘mO

hm{ZH$maH$ g‘PVm h¡& Iwbo Am‘ gmd©O{ZH$ ñWmZm| na ào‘-àXe©Z H$aZm

nmíMmË¶ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw ^maV ‘| Bgo ~hþV

~wam g‘Pm OmVm h¡& Z Ho$db BVZm hr A{nVw ^maV ‘| ahZo dmbo {hÝXþAm|,

‘wgb‘mZm| VWm B©gmB¶m| Ho$ Z¡{VH$ AmXem] ‘| ^r ~hþV {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&

‘wgb‘mZm| ‘| MMoao ^mB©-~{hZm| VWm ‘‘oao ^mB©-~{hZm| ‘| {ddmh hmo OmVm h¡,

naÝVw {hÝXÿ-‘¶m©Xm Ho$ AZwgma Bgo R>rH$ Zht g‘Pm OmVm&






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H«$mo VWm H«$mo Am¡a H$B© AÝ¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AmMma-gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘m|

H$mo ^r Z¡{VH$Vm Ho AÝVJ©V hr ‘mZm h¡& AmMmaemñÌ h‘o§ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ H$m¡Z-

gr ~mV ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr ~mV R>rH$ Zht h¡&

M[aÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$s AZoH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| H$m g‘mdoe

hmoVm h¡& BZ ep³V¶m| Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘§o H$B© àH$ma Ho$ ‘V ahZo Ho$ H$maU

M[aÌ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ‘V h¢&

M[aÌ H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V {JZr OmVr h¡&

AnZo {ZpíMV bú¶ H$s Amoa ~am~a AJ«ga hmoVo ahZm Am¡a AZoH$ {d¿Z-

~mYmAm| Ho$ hmoZo na ^r {ZpíMV ‘mJ© go nrN>o Z hQ>Zm g§H$ën-ep³V H$m à‘wI

bjU h¡& g§gma Ho$ g^r ‘hmZ² nwéfm| ‘| ¶h g§H$ën-ep³V XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡&

{edmOr, ‘hmamUm àVmn, ‘h{f© X¶mZÝX, ñdm‘r {ddoH$mZÝX, lr Aa{dÝX, S>m°.

h¡S>Jodma VWm Jm±Yr Or gwÑ‹T> g§H$ën-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V Wo& ^maVr¶ {dMmam|

Ho$ AZwê$n Bg g§H$ën-ep³V H$m AmYma AmÜ¶mpË‘H$Vm h¡&

nmíMmË¶ Xoem| ‘| M[aÌ H$m AmYma AmÜ¶mpË‘H$Vm Zht g‘Pm OmVm&

ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| Ho$ à‘wI àd³Vm dmQgZ H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ M[aÌ ì¶dhma-

g§ñH$mam| H$m g‘wÀM¶ ‘mÌ h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma ì¶dhma emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| na

{Z^©a h¡&

3.7.1 Z¡[VH$ {dH$mg H$m AW©~mbH$ Ho$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$m VmËn¶© h¡- CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg& Z¡{VH$Vm

VWm M[aÌ H$m dmñV{dH$ ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ EH$‘V Zht h¢& ‘Zwî¶ go Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh {Og g‘mO

¶m dJ© ‘| ahVm h¡, CgHo$ ar{V-[admOm| H$m nmbZ H$ao& ~hþV-go ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$mo§

H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘mO ¶m dJ© Ho$ ar{V-[admAm| H$m nmbZ H$aZm hr Z¡{VH$Vm

h¡& Omo ì¶p³V BZ {Z¶‘m| H$m nmbZ H$aZo ‘§o Ag‘W© ahVm h¡, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$Vm

H$m A^md hr {JZm Om¶oJm&

gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Ym{‘©H$ {ZX}em| Ho$ AZwgma AmMaU H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mbH$

H$mo AnZo D$na {Z¶ÝÌU H$aZm hmoVm h¡& ¶h {Z¶ÝÌU {OVZm Iy~gyaVr go

ì¶p³V H$a gH$Vm h¡, dh CVZm hr Mm[a{ÌH$ ê$n go {dH${gV H$hbmVm h¡&

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admOm|, ahZ-ghZ, ^mfm, naånamAm|

Am{X H$mo grIZm Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

3.7.2 AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ bjU~mCbo Ed§ AÝ¶ Ho$ AZwgma, AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V bjU nm¶o OmVo h¢-

1. AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| AmË‘-{Z¶ÝÌU H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& Cgo AnZo

{dMmam|, ì¶dhmam|, BÀN>mAm|, ^mdZmAm| Am{X na A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& dh H$R>moa

n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡&

2. {dídgZr¶Vm

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| {dídgZr¶Vm H$m JwU hmoVm h¡ Am¡a àË¶oH$ n[añW{V

‘| CgH$m {dídmg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BgH$m H$maU h¡ {H$ dh gX¡d {H$gr

AmXe© ¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& dh {H$gr gZH$ ¶m j{UH$

{dMma Ho$ H$maU Cggo {dM{bV Zht hmoVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V dh EH$-gr

n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| EH$-gm ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$

n[aUm‘ H$s ^{dî¶dmUr H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

3. H$m¶© ‘| Ñ‹T>Vm

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ {deof JwU h¡-H$m¶© ‘| ÑT>Vm& dh {Og H$m¶©

H$mo Amaå^ H$aVm h¡, Cgo g‘má Adí¶ H$aVm h¡& dh Z Vmo Cgo H$^r AYyam

N>mo‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Z ñW{JV H$aVm h¡&

4. H$‘©{ZîR>m

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| H$‘©{ZîR>m H$m JwU hmoVm h¡& dh àË¶oH$ H$m¶© H$mo nyU©

n[al‘ go H$aVm h¡& H$m¶© ^bo hr Zrag hmo, na dh Cgo H$aZo ‘| {H$gr àH$ma

H$s {e{WbVm ì¶³V Zht H$aVm h¡&

5. AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ JwU h¡-AÝV…H$aU H$s ewÕVm& CgHo$

H$‘©, dMZ Am¡a ì¶dhma ‘| N>b H$s N>m¶m ^r Zht hmoVr h¡&

6. CÎmXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm

AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ ì¶p³V ‘| CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$s ^mdZm hmoVr h¡& dh ‘hmZ² H$îQ>

PobH$a ^r AnZo CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&

AÝV ‘|, h‘ ~mCbo d AÝ¶ Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-

M[aÌ Ho$ ¶o JwU Am¡a bjU, {dÚmb¶ H$m¶© Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ OrdZ, XmoZm| ‘| àË¶j

ê$n go ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& {OZ N>mÌm| ‘| ¶o JwU hmoVo h¢, do AnZr ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m§o

H$m, Omo ^r CZ‘| hmoVr h¢, A{YH$V‘ à¶moJ H$aVo h¢&

3.7.3 M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$pñH$Za d h¡argZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ EH$mH$s ê$n go Zht, daZ² gpå‘{bV ê$n go

H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&

M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±

‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±, M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U H$s ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& {Og ì¶p³V ‘| Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m±

ep³Vembr hmoVr h¡, CÝht Ho$ AZwê$n Cg‘| JwU nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©-

AmË‘-àXe©Z H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘| nX, ep³V Am¡a gå‘mZ Ho$

{bE g§Kf© H$aZo H$m JwU nm¶m OmVm h¡&

2. g§doJ

‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m g§doJm| go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& BÝht Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V ‘|

Hw$N> g§doJ ñWm¶r ~ZH$a, JwUm| ¶m AdJwUm| H$m ê$n YmaU H$aVo h¢, O¡go-

H«$moY, K¥Um Am{X&

3. A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m±

ì¶p³V {Og àH$ma H$s g§J{V ¶m dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, d¡gr hr ‘mZ{gH$

àd¥[Îm¶m± A{O©V H$aVm h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÀN>r Am¡a

Hw$N> ‘| ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± nmB© OmVr h¡& BZ àd¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ AZwê$n hr CZHo$ M[aÌ















H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡&

4. AmXV|

ì¶p³V AnZr AmXVm| Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© Am¡a ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡& CgH$s AmXVm|

H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ M[aÌ Ho$ JwU-Xmofm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡,

Bg{bE M[aÌ H$mo AmXVm| H$m nwÝO H$hm OmVm h¡&

5. ñWm¶r^md

M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo Ho$ {bE ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡& M[aÌ,

ñWm¶r^mdm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$ Abmdm Am¡a Hw$N> Zht h¡& ñWm¶r^md {OVZo A{YH$

AÀN>o hmoVo h¢, CVZm hr A{YH$ AÀN>m M[aÌ hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE a¡³g Ed§ ZmBQ>

Zo {bIm h¡-

M[aÌ H$m AmYma-ñWm¶r^md H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a g§JR>Z h¡&

6. AmË‘-gå‘mZ

M[aÌ Ho$ dmñV{dH$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE AmË‘-gå‘mZ Ho$ ñWm¶r^md H$m hmoZm

g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡& ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma, Bg ñWm¶r^md ‘| AmË‘-

àXe©Z Am¡a AYrZVm H$s àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$m C{MV gm‘§Oñ¶ hmoZm Mm{hE& S>pådb

H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Bg ñWm¶r^md H$m gå~ÝY ñd¶§ Ho$ {dMma go h¡& ¶h ì¶p³V

‘| V^r CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~ CgHo$ g~ ñWm¶r ^mdm| H$m gdm}ÀM ñVa na

EH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ M[aÌ H$s loîR>Vm Am¡a {ZH¥$îQ>Vm H$m AmYma ¶hr

h¡& am°g H$m H$WZ h¡-

O~ AmË‘-gå‘mZ ZîQ> hmo OmVm h¡, V~ M[aÌ {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& BgH$m

nwZ{Z©‘m©U H$aHo$ hr M[aÌ H$m nwZgªJR>Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

7. AmZÝX

AÀN>o H$m¶m] Am¡a AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m H$maU CZ‘| nm¶m OmZo dmbm

AmZÝX h¡& AmZÝX CZH$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aHo$ ñWm¶r ê$n àXmZ H$aVm h¡& AV…

AmZÝX M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {deof ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡&

8. BÀN>m-ep³V

BÀN>m-ep³V H$s gabVm Am¡a {Z~©bVm Ho$ AZwgma hr ì¶p³V H$m M[aÌ g~b

¶m {Z~©b hmoVm h¡& ÑT>-ep³V dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo H$m¶m], AmXVm|, {dMmam|

Am{X na nyU© A{YH$ma hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE S>pådb H$m H$hZm h¡-

BÀN>m-ep³V, M[aÌ H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡&

9. d§emZwH«$‘

ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {deofVmE± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr h¡& BZ

{deofVmAm| Ho$ H$maU CZHo$ M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡& am°g H$m H$hZm

h¡-

¶o {deofVmE± h‘mao M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢, na CgHo$ ñdê$n H$mo {ZpíMV

Zht H$aVr h¡&

10. ^m¡{VH$ d gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Obdm¶w, ^y{‘ H$s ~ZmdQ> Am{X Am¡a gm‘m{OH$

dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V Ka, {dÚmb¶, g§Jr-gmWr, gm‘m{OH$ g§ñWm¶|, ar{V-

[admO, ahZ-ghZ H$m ñVa Am{X AmVo h¢& BZ g~H$m M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo

‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&

11. ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V

‘mZ{gH$ ep³V M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡& BgH$m H$maU ~VmVo hþE

ñQ>Q>© Ed§ AmoH$S>Z Zo {bIm h¡ -

loîR> ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶m§o H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| gmYmaUV…

g’$b Am¡a {ZåZ ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V dmbm ì¶p³V gmYmaUV… Ag’$b hmoVm h¡&

12. ñd^md

M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U na ñd^md H$m àË¶j à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& àgÝZ{MV dmbm ì¶p³V

AmemdmXr Am¡a {IÝZ ‘Z dmbm ì¶p³V {ZamemdmXr hmoVm h¡& am°g H$m ‘V h¡-

ñd^md H$s OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmE± do BªQ>| h¢, {OZHo$ Ûmam M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡&

3.7.4 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg {ZåZm§{H$V H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡-

1. {H$gr g‘yh H$m gXñ¶ ~ZZo Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$ H$m Xÿgao ~mbH$m| go gånH©$ ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, CgH$o AmMaU ‘| n[adV©Z hmoZm Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡&

2. ~mbH$ {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| C{MV Am¡a AZw{MV ‘| AÝVa H$aZm OmZ OmVm h¡&

3. ~mbH$ Ý¶m¶ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar Ho$ à{V à~b ^mdZmE± ì¶³V H$aZo bJVm h¡&

4. ~mbH$, n[adma Ho$ EH$ {deof gXñ¶ Am¡a {dÚmb¶ Ho$ EH$ {deof {ejH$ H$s Amkm H$m A{YH$ VËnaVm go nmbZ H$aVm h¡&

5. ~mbH$, Ka ‘| ñdmW©nyU© Am¡a AZw{MV, na {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z…ñdmW© Am¡a C{MV ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡&

6. ~mbH$ H$‘ go H$‘ ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Mmoar H$aZo, PyR> ~mobZo, YmoIm XoZo, N>moQ>o ~ÀMm§o ¶m N>moQ>o newAm| H$mo H$îQ> nhþ±MmZo Am¡a eoIr ‘maZo H$s {ZÝXm H$aZo bJVm h¡&

7. ~mbH$ PyR> ~mobZm H$‘ H$a XoVm h¡, ‘mVm-{nVm go A{YH$ YZ

àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZHo$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo go gå~{ÝYV ‘hÎdnyU© n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| gË¶ ~mobZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&

8. H$mobog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma-

~mbH$ Hw$N> {gÕmÝVm| H$mo g‘PZo, ñdrH$ma H$aZo Am¡a à¶moJ H$aZo bJVm

h¡& dh BZ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV AnZo ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md na {dMma H$aZo

bJVm h¡&

9. ñQ´>¢J Ho$ AZwgma-

6, 7 Am¡a 8 df© Ho$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {ddoH$, Ý¶m¶, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a ‘yë¶m| H$s

^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm h¡&

g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| ‘| Z¡{VH$Vm H$s

gm‘mÝ¶ YmaUmAm| ¶m Z¡{VH$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ Hw$N> kmZ H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡&






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3.7.5 Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

Eogm H$moB© ^r nmR²>¶H«$‘ ¶m {d{Y Zht h¡, Omo OmXÿ go M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a Xo& BgHo$

{dnarV, n[adma, Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWm, Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ¶m [dÚmb¶ ‘| àmá {H$¶m OmZo dmbm

àË¶oH$ AZw^d Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m Adga àXmZ H$aVm h¡&

M[aÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJ XoZo dmbo Cn[ad{U©V Ed§ AÝ¶ H$maH$m| H$m

g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡ -

1. d§emZwH«$‘

~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ AmYma h¡-CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘& Bg

VÏ¶ H$s nwpîQ>, d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoZo dmbo ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m CXmhaU XoH$a

H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Q>‘©Z Zo AnZo AÜ¶¶Zm| go {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ àIa ~w{Õ

dmbo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘ÝX ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm gË¶Vm, B©‘mZXmar Am¡a

Bgr àH$ma Ho$ AÝ¶ Z¡{VH$ JwU H$ht A{YH$ hmoVo h¢& Bggo H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo ¶h

{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm h¡-

loîR> ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$ {ZåZ ~w{Õ dmbo ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm CÎm‘ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U

H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$ AÀN>r n[apñW{V ‘| hmoVo h¢&

2. ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU

~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg ~hþV gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU

na {Z^©a ahVm h¡& ¶{X do CgH$m {VañH$ma H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ à{V CXmgrZ

ahVo h¢, Vmo CgH$o M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg C{MV ¶m AZw{MV {H$gr ^r {Xem

‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& na ¶{X do CgHo$ à{V ñZohnyU© ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢, CgH$s

Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢ Am¡a gVH©$Vmnyd©H$ CgH$s XoI^mb H$aVo h¢,

Vmo CgHo$ M[aÌ ‘| loîR> JwUm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡&

3. n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V

Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V {ZpíMV ê$n go à^m{dV

H$aVr h¡ na ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ YZr n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ gÀM[aÌ

Am¡a {ZY©Z n[adma Ho$ g^r ~mbH$ XþíM[aÌ hm|& BgH$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE

H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-

¶{X ~mbH$ na CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$m {ZarjU R>rH$ h¡ Am¡a ¶{X CgHo$ gmWr R>rH$

àH$ma Ho$ h¢, Vmo Cg na n[adma H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V H$m à^md ~hþV H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡&

4. n[adma H$m dmVmdaU

n[adma Ho$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡&

¶{X n[adma ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© {ZaÝVa amoJJ«ñV ahVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ñdÀN>Vm H$mo

AZmdí¶H$ H$m¶© g‘Pm OmVm h¡, ¶{X Cg‘| ahZo H$m ñWmZ H$‘ h¢ Am¡a ¶{X

Cg‘| {Zdmg H$s CÎm‘ XemE± Zht h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg {e{Wb

Am¡a {dH¥$V hmo OmVm h¡& Bgr{bE n[adma H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Ho$

{bE g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-

M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr H$maH$m| H$s gyMr ‘| n[adma H$mo

àW‘ Am¡a g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

5. n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶

~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| H$m A{V ‘hÎdnyU©

ñWmZ h¡& ¶{X CZ‘| nmañn[aH$ H$Qw>Vm, B©î¶m© Am¡a d¡‘Zñ¶ Ho$ gå~ÝY h¢, Vmo

~mbH$ ‘| r A{Zdm¶© ê$n go BZ XþJw©Um| H$s CËn[Îm hmo OmVr h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV,

¶{X do em§{V, gh¶moJ Am¡a B©‘mZXmar H$m OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aVo h¢, Vmo ~mbH$ ‘|

^r gmYmaUV… ¶o JwU ÑpîQ>JV hmoVo h¢&

6. {dÚmb¶

{dÚmb¶ H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U Am¡a {dH$mg H$aZo H$m EH$ AgmYmaU

ñWmZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ dhm± à{V{XZ 5 ¶m 6 KÊQ>o

ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡, ZmZm àH$ma Ho$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ

H$m¶©H«$‘m| Ed§ gm‘y{hH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^mJ boVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| dm§N>Zr¶

¶m Adm§N>Zr¶ ÑpîQ>H$moUm| H$m {Z‘m©U hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÝht Ho$ AZwgma dh AnZo

M[aÌ H$m ñdê$n {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ Hoo$ Bgr Anyd© ‘hÎd Ho$ H$maU

pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Zo {bIm h¡-

Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg go gå~{ÝYV EH$ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© g§ñWm h¡-{dÚmb¶& n[adma Ho$

Abmdm Am¡a {H$gr ^r g§ñWm H$m ~mbH$ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| BVZm ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Zht h¡&

7. {ejH$

~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo C{MV {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo

gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go g^r ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h

h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~hþYm {H$gr-Z-{H$gr {ejH$ H$mo AnZm AmXe© ‘mZH$a CgH$m

AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& AV… ¶{X {ejH$ CÎm‘ JwUm|, AmXem|© Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm|

dmbm ì¶p³V h¡, Vmo ~mbH$ ~hþV Hw$N> Cgr H$m à{Vê$n hmo OmVm h¡&

8. gmWr d g‘yh

Ka na àmapå^H$ OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ na AnZo gm{W¶m| H$m à^md

~hþV hr H$‘ n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go hr dh {ejm àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘|

àdoe H$aVm h¡, d¡go hr ¶h à^md àmaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZaÝVa ~Zm ahVm h¡&

H$^r-H$^r Cg na AnZo g‘yh Am¡a Iob Ho$ gm{W¶m| H$m BVZm Xÿ{fV à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ dh AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s BÀN>mAm| Ho$ {dê$Õ AmMaU H$aZo bJVm

h¡& Eogr Xem ‘| CgH$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg dm§N>Zr¶ [Xem ‘| Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&

9. Ym{‘©H$ {ejm

Ym{‘©H$ {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbo Am¡a Ym{‘©H$ g§ñWmAm| ‘| AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo dmbo

~mbH$m| H$m M[aÌ, gm‘mÝ¶ {dÚmb¶m§o ‘| {ejm J«hU H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| go

loîR>Va hmoVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m ‘V h¡-

Ym{‘©H$ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| {ejm àmá H$aZo dmbm ~mbH$ gm‘mÝ¶ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| AÜ¶¶Z

H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$ H$s Anojm B©‘mZXmar Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ AÝ¶ JwUm| Ho$ A{YH$ CÎm‘

à‘mU XoVm h¡&

10. AÝ¶ H$maH$

~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo AÝ¶ H$maH$ h¡-ao{S>¶mo,

Q>obr{dOZ, Mb{MÌ, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ gmYZ, H$hm{Z¶m±, g‘mMma nÌ, ñH$mCqQ>J

Am¡a g§ñH¥${V& BZHo$ gå~ÝY ‘| H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-















¶{X M[aÌ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo AÝ¶ H$maH$ Xmofa{hV h¢, Vmo ¶o H$maH$, ~mbH$

Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ ñdê$n Am¡a {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ^mar IVao Ho$ H$maU Zht h¡&

~mbH$ Ho$ Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo {OZ H$maH$m| H$m

h‘Zo AdbmoH$Z {H$¶m h¡, CZH$m gå~ÝY d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| go h¡&

XmoZm| H$mo g‘mZ ‘hÎd XoVo hþE H$ma‘mBHo$b Zo {bIm h¡-

{H$gr ^r AdñWm ‘| ì¶p³V H$m Mm[a{ÌH$ {dH$mg Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV H$maH$m| Am¡a

dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr XemAm| na AmYm[aV H$maH$m| Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$m n[aUm‘ h¡&

M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Ho$db ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE hr Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡, amîQ´> Ho$

{bE ^r Amdí¶H$ h¡& S>m°. amYmH¥$îUZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

^maV g{hV g‘ñV {díd Ho$ H$îQ>m| H$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m gå~ÝY Z¡{VH$

Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$s àm{á go Z ahH$a Ho$db ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ {dH$mg go ah J¶m h¡&

AV… {ejm H$m EH$‘mÌ CÔoí¶ M[aÌ {dH$mg hmoZm Mm{hE& M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg Cn¶w³V

dmVmdaU, AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U, Z¡{VH$Vm H$m {dH$mg, g§H$ën ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg

go hmo gH$Vm h¡&

3.7.6 M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘| {ejm H$m H$m¶©pñH$Za d h¡ar‘Z Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

Bg ~mV go H$moB© à¶moOZ Zht h¡ {H$ {ejm H$hm± Xr OmVr h¡ ¶m {H$g àH$ma Xr

OmVr h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo Xr OmZo dmbr g~ {ejm H$mo CgHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©Êm ‘| A{Zdm¶©

ê$n go ¶moJXmZ XoZm Mm{hE&

{ejm H$mo ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ¶moJ XoZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$ {d{Y¶m|

H$mo AnZm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-1. ~mbH$ H$mo {Z¶{‘V ê$n go Z¡{VH$ {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&2. ~mbH$ Ho$ AÀN>o {dMmam|, BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àd¥[Îm¶m§o H$mo àmoËgm{hV

H$aZm Mm{hE&3. ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a, Cg‘| Z¡{VH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg

H$aZm Mm{hE&4. ~mbH$ H$mo Eogo dmVmdaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, {Og‘§o Cg‘| ^¶, K¥Um,

H«$moY Am{X Ho$ g‘mZ Adm§N>Zr¶ ñWm¶r^md CËnÝZ Z hm|&5. ~mbH$ Ho$ à{V ào‘, X¶m Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m ì¶dhma H$aHo$, Cg‘|

BZ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$mo CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE&

6. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z Zht H$aZm Mm{hE& Eogm H$aZo go CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| J«pÝW¶m± ~Z OmVr h¡& ’$bñdê$n, Cg‘| XþJw©U Am¡a ~war àd¥[Îm¶m± CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡&

7. ~mbH$ H$s ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m| H$m emoYZ, ê$n-n[adV©Z Am¡a à{ejU

H$aHo$ CÎm‘ g§doJm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&8. ~mbH$ H$mo jwÐ ñWm¶r ^mdm| Ho$ D$na CR>mZo Ho$ {bE Cg‘| CÎm‘

AmXem], gX²JwUm| Am¡a A‘yV© ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&

9. ~mbH$ ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s

BÀN>m-ep³V H$mo Ñ‹T> ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&10. ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgHo$, ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g~

A§Jm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm Mm{hE&11. pñH$Za Ed§ h¡[a‘Z Ho$ AZwgma-

~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U EH$mH$r OrdZ ì¶VrV H$aZo go Zht, daZ²

Xÿgam| Ho$ g§nH©$ ‘| AmZo go hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ ‘| gm‘m{OH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m

Am¶moOZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$ H$mo CZ‘| ^mJ booZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE&

12. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma-

AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$m ñWm¶r^md, M[aÌ h¡ Am¡a Z¡{VH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| ‘| gd©loîR>

h¡& AV… ~mbH$ ‘| Bg ñWm¶r^md H$mo nyU© ê$n go {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&

13. d¡bÊQ>mBZ H$m H$WZ h¡-

‘Zwî¶ Hw$N> ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m {OVZm A{YH$ g§JR>Z H$aVm h¡, CVZm hr

A{YH$ dh AnZo M[aÌ H$s A{^ì¶p³V H$aVm h¡&

AV… ~mbH$ ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ ñWm¶r^mdm| H$m g§JR>Z

H$aZo Ho$ {bE AJ«{b{IV H$m¶© {H$¶o OmZo Mm{hE- (1) CÀM AmXem]

Am¡a bú¶m| Ho$ {bE àoaUm XoZm, (2) ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ {dMmam| Am¡a

AmXem] go n[a{MV H$amZm, (3) à{gÕ d¡km{ZH$m|, loîR> gm{hË¶H$mam|

Am{X H$s Ord{Z¶m± gwZmZm, (4) H$m¶© Am¡a {gÕmÝV Ho$ CÎm‘ CXmhaU

àñVwV H$aZm Am{X&

¶{X {dÚmb¶ Cn¶w©³V H$m¶m] H$mo gånÝZ Zht H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh ~mbH$

Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZo ‘| H$Xm{n g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… Bg ~mV H$s

na‘ Amdí¶H$Vm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {ejm Bg àH$ma {Z¶mo{OV H$s Om¶o {H$

dh ~mbH$ Ho$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aHo$, CgH$s ^mdr g’$bVm H$m ‘mJ© àeñV

H$ao& ZoeZb gmogmBQ>r H$s B©¶a~wH$ ‘| A§{H$V Bg dm³¶ ‘| A‘a gË¶ h¡ {H$-

{dÚmb¶ H$mo ¶h MwZm¡Vr h¡ {H$ dh ~mbH$ Ho$ Cn¶w³V à{ejU Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$

Cn¶moJr n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$ao&

*******




{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535









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Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo joÌm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo h¢-(1) emar[aH$, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$

(2) emar[aH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$

(3) g§doJmË‘H$, g§kmZmË‘H$, AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$-‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

(4) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, g§kmZmË‘H$, g§doJmË‘H$ Am¡a emar[aH$

2. am°g Zo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$mo ~m±Q>m h¡-(1) 2 ^mJm| ‘| (2) 4 ^mJm| ‘|

(3) 6 ^mJm| ‘| (4) 10 ^mJm| ‘|

3. {ejm H$s X¥pîQ> goo ‘mZd {dH$mg H$m {ZåZ nj g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-(1) emar[aH$ (2) ‘mZ{gH$

(3) gm‘m{OH$ (4) g§doJmË‘H$

4. AdYmaUmAm| H$m {dH$mg ‘w»¶ ê$n go .......... H$m {hñgm h¡&(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg

(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (4) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg

5. ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo g~go AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$hm± n[a^m{fV

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| (2) {dÚmb¶ Ed§ H$jm ‘|

(3) Am°{S>Q>mo[a¶‘ ‘| (4) J¥h ‘|

6. bm°aoÝg H$moh²b~J© ........... {dH$mg Ho$ joÌ ‘| emoY Ho$ {bE OmZo

OmVo h¢&(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ (2) emar[aH$

(3) Z¡{VH$ (4) Jm‘H$

7. BÝS>moH«$mBZ ½b¡ÊS> Ho$ {dH$mg go hmoVm h¡-(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘m±gnoer¶ {dH$mg

(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

8. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m AmYma h¡?(1) Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

(3) ^mfm {dH$mg (4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

9. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$m nhby Zht h¡-(1) gåàË¶¶ {Z‘m©U

(2) g§doXZm d àË¶jrH$aU

(3) ñ‘aU ep³V

(4) ZmJ[aH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg

10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {dH$mg N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d g§kmZmË‘H$

{dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XXJma hmoVm h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg (2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg

(3) gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg (4) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg

11. {H$gr N>mÌ H$m ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg, emar[aH$ {dH$mg VWm g§doJmË‘H$

{dH$mg CgH$s {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$m H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ h¡?(1) AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ (2) ~mø H$maH$

(3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

12. ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) Om{V ôX

(2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm

(3) dmVmdaU

(4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU

13. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ VÏ¶naH²$ AÜ¶¶Z go gå~pÝYV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

h¢-(1) {~«OoO (2) habm°H$

(3) boboo (4) Wm°ångZ

14. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ~mbH$ Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV

Zht H$aVm h¡?(1) ~w{Õ

(2) VH©$ ep³V

(3) ^mfm à¶moJ H$s j‘Vm

(4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

15. {ZåZ ‘§o go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ {eew Ho$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo à{VHy$b T>§J

go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?(1) Iob Ed§ ì¶m¶m‘

(2) gÝVw{bV Amhma Ed§ nmofU

(3) {Z¶{‘V {XZM¶m© ‘| {dMbZ

(4) amoJ J«ñVVm

16. ~ÀMo H$o C{MV {dH$mg H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aZo Ho$ {bE CgH$m ñdñW

emar[aH$ {dH$mg EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© nyd© Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ-(1) JbV hmo gH$Vm h¡, ³¶m|[H$ {dH$mg {ZVmÝV ì¶p³VJV ‘m‘bm h¡&

(2) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {dH$mg-H«$‘ ‘| emar[aH$ {dH$mg g~go nhbo ñWmZ na

AmVm h¡&

(3) ghr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ AÝ¶ njm| Ho$ gmW AÝV…

gå~pÝYV h¡&

(4) JbV h¡, ³¶m|{H$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {dH$mg Ho$ AÝ¶ njm| H$mo {H$gr ^r

àH$ma go à^m{dV Zhr§ H$aVm&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16.

(4) (2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (4) (3)















17. 12-14 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~rM .......... H$s Anojm .......... H$s bå~mB©

Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m| ‘| VoOr go d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡, Ed§ 14-18 df© H$s Am¶w Ho$

~rM ........... H$s Anojm ........... H$s bå~mB© Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± VoμOr

go ~‹T>Vr h¢&(1) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|

(2) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶mo§; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|

(3) b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>{H$¶m|; b‹S>H$m|, b‹S>H$m|

(4) b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|; b‹S>{H$¶m|, b‹S>H$m|

18. H$m¡Zgr nmR²>¶M¶m© gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJr?(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b

(2) Xoe H$s gä¶Vm-g§ñH¥${V Ho$ AZwHy$b

(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ AÝVg©å~ÝYm| Ho$ AZwHy$b


19. g^r ~ÀMm| H$s ñdVÝÌ Iobm|, AZm¡nMm[aH$ d Am¡nMm[aH$ Iobm|, ¶moJ

Am¡a Iob H$s J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| gh^m{JVm ³¶m| Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE

(2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE

(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

20. ~mb-{dH$mg Ho$ [d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘ Ed§ BZHo$ A{YJ‘ go gå~ÝY Ho$

gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ AgË¶ h¡?(1) {dH$mg Ho$ {d{^ÝZ Am¶m‘m| H$m Amng ‘| K{ZîR> gå~ÝY h¡ Ed§ ¶o

A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

(2) ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg, Ed§ A{YJ‘ EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&

(3) emar[aH$ {dH$mg, {deofH$a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ d

g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘XXJma h¡&


21. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, amOy emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go H$m’$s

{nN>‹S>m hþAm h¡& AmnH$mo {dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g Am¶m‘ ‘|

amOy Ho$ {nN>‹S>Zo H$s {MÝVm hmo gH$Vr h¡?1. g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg

2. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

3. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

22. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| go Hw$N> N>mÌmo§ H$mo MwZH$a N>… ‘hrZo ‘| CZ‘| hmoZo

dmbo {dH$mg H$s EH$ [anmoQ>© V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVo h¢, Vmo BgHo$ {bE Amn

{ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m MwZ|Jo?(1) àË¶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s bå~mB© ‘mn|Jo&

(2) àË¶oH$ ‘mh CZH$m dOZ Vm¡b|Jo&

(3) àË¶oH$ ‘mh CZH$s ê${M¶m|, AmXVm|, ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, ñd^md, ì¶p³VËd,

ì¶dhma Am{X ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&

(4) àË¶oH$ ‘mh CZHo$ emar[aH$ AmH$ma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$s Om±M H$a|Jo&

23. ~mbH$ H$m g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go à^m{dV H$aVm

h¡?1. CgHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$mo

2. CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$mo

3. CgHo$ Z¡{VH$ {dH$mg H$mo

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

24. g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s

nhbr eV© h¡& BgHo$ {bE {H$Z ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm| na Ü¶mZ XoZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡?1. nm¡pîQ>H$ Amhma na

2. emar[aH$ ì¶m¶m‘ na

3. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ Oê$aVm| na

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r

25. O~ {H$emoa ‘| {H$gr dñVw, g‘ñ¶m ¶m n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE {ZOr ñVa

na {ZU©¶ boZo H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, Vmo Bg

{dH$mg H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?(1) ^mfm¶r {dH$mg

(2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

(4) ‘ZmoJË¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg

26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z-gm H$WZ gË¶ h¡?(1) ÑpîQ>H$moU, ^mdZmE± Am¡a AmXe©, g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ A{^ÝZ {hñgo

h¢ Am¡a ^mfm {dH$mg, ‘mZ{gH$ {MÌU, AdYmaUmAm| d Vm{H©$H$Vm go

BZH$m Jham gå~ÝY h¡&

(2) g^r ~ÀMm| H$m ñdñW emar[aH$ {dH$mg g^r àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg H$s

nhbr eV© Zht h¡&

(3) ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a ^mfm¶r {dH$mg, gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg Ed§ A{YJ‘ H$mo

AàË¶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

(4) ~mbH$ Ho$ gÝVw{bV {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Zht ~pëH$

emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Ah‘² ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&

27. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s Mma {d{eîQ> AdñWmAm| H$s nhMmZ H$s

JB©-(1) pñH$Za Ûmam (2) {n¶mOo Ûmam

(3) H$moh²b~J© Ûmam (4) E[aH$gZ Ûmam

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

(2) (1) (4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (1) (2)






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28. {nV¥ {damoYr d ‘mV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW¶m± {dH${gV hmoVr h¡-(1) e¡edmdñWm ‘| (2) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

(3) {H$emoamdñWm ‘| (4) H$^r Zht

29. {H$emoam| Ho$ g‘w{MV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡-(1) gXmMma H$m {ejU (2) AmXe© {ejU

(3) Z¡{VH$ {ejU (4) Cnamo³V g^r

30. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| gm§do{JH$ {dH$mg H$s {deofVm Zht h¡-(1) g§doJm| H$m n[an³d hmoZm

(2) g§doJm| H$m Vrd« hmoZm

(3) g§doJm| H$m IwbH$a àXe©Z

(4) g§doJm| H$m AñnîQ> hmoZm

31. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ ~mb {dH$mg H$s {H$VZr AdñWmE± h¡?(1) 3 (2) 4

(3) 5 (4) 6

32. {~J d h§Q> Ho$ AZwgma ........... H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo gdm}Îm‘ ê$n go

ì¶³V H$aZo dmbm EH$ eãX h¡ n[adV©Z& n[adV©Z emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$

Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ hmoVm h¡&(1) e¡edmdñWm (2) ~më¶mdñWm

(3) {H$emoamdñWm (4) àm¡‹T>mdñWm

33. ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$ d {H«$¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s {Xem hmoVr h¡-(1) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘Ü¶ H$s Amoa

(2) {ga go n¡a VWm eara Ho$ ‘Ü¶ go ~mha H$s Amoa

(3) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ~mha go ‘Ü¶ H$s Amoa

(4) n¡a go {ga VWm eara Ho$ ‘Ü¶ go ~mha H$s Amoa

34. EH$ ~ÀMm B©î¶m© H$m àXe©Z H$aVm h¡-(1) 6 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|

(2) 12 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|

(3) 18 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|

(4) 24 ‘mh H$s Am¶w ‘|

35. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$-(1) ‘mVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, {nVm go K¥Um

(2) {nVm go ào‘ H$aVm h¡, ‘mVm go K¥Um

(3) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go ào‘ H$aVm h¡&

(4) ‘mVm-{nVm XmoZm| go K¥Um H$aVm h¡&

36. {nV¥ {damoYr J«pÝW H$mo {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?(1) {b{~S>mo (2) Zma{gÁ‘

(3) BamoO (4) Am{S>ng H$m°ånbo³g

37. AÀN>o M[aÌ ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡-(1) gh¶moJ (2) YmoIm

(3) PyR> (4) ~oB‘mZr

38. OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ {eew Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ H$m Am¡gV ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?(1) bJ^J 400 J«m‘ (2) bJ^J 350 J«m‘

(3) bJ^J 500 J«m‘ (4) bJ^J 600 J«m‘

39. ¶{X EH$ ~mbH$ e¡edmdñWm ‘| Xþ~©b h¡ VWm dh OëXr-OëXr ~r‘ma

hmo OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg {H$g àH$ma à^m{dV hmoJm?(1) gm‘mÝ¶ T>§J go

(2) A{ZpíMV T>§J go

(3) à{VHy$b T>§J go

(4) H$h Zht gH$Vo h¢&

40. {eew Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ ^ma H$s VwbZm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘§o N>… ‘mh ~mX {H$VZo

JwZm d¥{Õ hmoJr?(1) bJ^J VrZ JwZr

(2) bJ^J XmoJwZr

(3) bJ^J nm±M JwZr

(4) bJ^J Mma JwZr

41. EH$ {eew eãXm| H$m CÀMmaU H$aZm H$~ go àmaå^ H$aVm h¡?(1) bJ^J 2 df© H$s Am¶w go

(2) bJ^J 18 ‘mh H$m hmo OmZo na

(3) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w go

(4) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w go

42. ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘mÝ¶ {eîQ>mMma Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$s OmZH$mar H$m {dH$mg

gm‘mÝ¶Vm {H$g Am¶w ‘| hmo OmVm h¡?(1) bJ^J 5-6 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(2) bJ^J 4 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(3) bJ^J 9-10 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(4) bJ^J 7-8 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

43. àm¶… 15 go boH$a 20 df© H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg

H$s AdñWm .......... hmoVr h¡&(1) Ý¶yZV‘ (2) CÀMV‘

(3) A{ZpíMV (4) Am¡gVZ

44. àm¶… {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go n[adV©Z X¥pîQ>JmoMa hmoVo

h¡/h¢?(1) eara Ho$ A§Jmo ‘| (2) {eîQ>mMma Ho$ T>§J ‘|o

(3) ñda ‘| (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r ‘|

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44.

(1) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2) (4) (4) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$ 15

{XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo

gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s


www.praganya.org

















45. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {H$emoa àm¶… {M‹S>{M‹S>m hmo OmVm h¡& AmnHo$ {dMma ‘|

BgH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU h¡-(1) CgH$s {JZVr Z N>moQ>m| ‘| Am¡a Z hr ~‹S>m| ‘| hmoVr h¡&

(2) CgH$s àd¥{Îm nyU© ñdVÝÌVm àmßV H$aZo H$s hmoVr h¡&

(3) CgH$s emar[aH$ g§aMZm AgÝVw{bV àVrV hmoZo bJVr h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

46. {H$emoa ~mbH$m| H$s VwbZm ‘| {H$emo[a¶m| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr

¶mo½¶VmE± AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| CnpñWV ahVr h¢?(1) H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ¶mo½¶VmE±

(2) ^mfm gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶VmE±

(3) d¡km{ZH$ ¶mo½¶VmE±

(4) {MÝVZ ¶mo½¶VmE±

47. Xmo df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ eãX ^ÊS>ma ‘| {H$VZo eãXm| VH$ d¥{Õ

hmo OmVr h¡?(1) 110 eãXm| VH$ (2) 100 eãXmo§ VH$

(3) 160 eãXmo§ VH$ (4) 150 eãXm| VH$

48. ~mbH$m§o ‘| VH©$, {Okmgm Ed§ {ZarjU ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡-(1) 13 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(2) 16 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(3) 11 df© H$s Am¶w ‘|

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ‘| ^r Zht

49. {eew H«$moY Ed§ ào‘nyU© ì¶dhma ‘| {dôX àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡-(1) ~më¶mdñWm ‘|

(2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|

(3) ¶wdmdñWm ‘|

(4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

50. {H$g df© H$s Am¶w VH$ ~mbH$ H$m gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV

~Zm ahVm h¡?(1) bJ^J 5 df© H$s Am¶w VH$

(2) bJ^J 7 df© H$s Am¶w VH$

(3) bJ^J 3 df© H$s Am¶w VH$

(4) bJ^J OrdZn¶©ÝV

51. {H$emoamdñWm ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gHo$ Ûmam, {dnarV b¢{JH$ AmH$f©U H$s

^mdZm H$m àXe©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) AmH$f©H$, ^‹S>H$sbo n[aYmZm| Ho$ Ûmam

(2) g‘yh ZoV¥Ëd Ûmam

(3) gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$ ZwñIm| Ho$ Ûmam

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r Ho$ Ûmam

52. {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE narH$Wm gm{hË¶ (H$hm{Z¶m±) A{YH$ Cn¶w³V

‘mZm OmVm h¢?(1) ~mbH$ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

(2) {eew Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

(3) d¥Õ Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

(4) {H$emoa Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE

53. {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g AdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$

Xe©Z hmoVo h¢?(1) ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ

(2) {H$emoamdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ

(3) e¡edmdñWm Ho$ Xm¡amZ


54. emar[aH$ {dH$mg H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo Zht h¡?(1) {ga Ed§ ‘pñVîH$ go (2) eara Ho$ ^ma go

(3) a³V àdmh go (4) h{S²>S>¶m| go

55. Am¶w Ho$ {H$Z dfm] VH$ A{YH$Va ~ÀMm| Ho$ g^r 20 XÿY Ho$ Xm±V

{ZH$b OmVo h¢?(1) 2 go 2.5 df© (2) 3 go 3.5 df©

(3) 2.5 go 3 df© (4) 3.5 go 4 df©

56. {H$g AdñWm ‘| Xm±V ~ZZm ewê$ hmoVo h¢?(1) OÝ‘ go nyd© (2) e¡edmdñWm

(3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) H$moB© Zht

57. ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ ~mE± AÕ©Jmob ^mJ go hmoVm h¡-(1) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(2) g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(3) ^mfmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

58. gmV df© H$s Am¶w VH$ nhþ±MVo-nhþ±MVo EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ ~mbH$ H$m eãX

^ÊS>ma hmo OmVm h¡-(1) 1000 eãX (2) 6000 eãX

(3) 11000 eãX (4) 16000 eãX

59. {H$g AdñWm ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ~hþV Vrd« J{V go hmoVm h¡?(1) {H$emoamdñWm (2) àm¡‹T>mdñWm

(3) ~më¶mdñWm (4) e¡edmdñWm

60. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m H$X (D±$MmB©) {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?(1) 19 B§M (2) 20 B§M

(3) 12 B§M (4) 22 B§M

45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60.

(4) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)













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61. EH$ ZdOmV {eew H$m ^ma {H$VZm hmoVm h¡?(1) 6 nmCÊS> (2) 7 nmCÊS>

(3) 8 nmCÊS> (4) 9 nmCÊS>

62. EH$ {eew ‘| {H$VZr h{S²>S>¶m± hmoVr h¡?(1) 270 (2) 350

(3) 206 (4) 250

63. AñWm¶r Xm±V {ZH$bZo ewê$ hmoVo h¢-(1) 6 go 8 ‘mh ‘| (2) 7 go 9 ‘mh ‘|

(3) 8 go 10 ‘mh ‘| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

64. OÝ‘ go àmßV H$X bJ^J XþJwZm hmo OmVm h¡-(1) 4 df© ‘| (2) 5 df© ‘|

(3) 6 df© ‘| (4) 7 df© ‘|

65. ~m{bH$mAm| H$m ^mfm {dH$mg ~mbH$m| go AmJo ahVm h¢-(1) g^r AdñWmAm| ‘| (2) e¡edmdñWm ‘|

(3) ~më¶mdñWm ‘| (4) {H$emoamdñWm ‘|

66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V ‘| ~ÀMo H$m g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg, AÀN>o go hmoJm?(1) O~ ~ÀMo H$mo ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm OmE, CgH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo gå‘mZ {H$¶m

OmE&

(2) ~ÀMo H$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ n‹T>Zo H$mo H$hm OmE&

(3) ~ÀMo Ho$ H$jm ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ AmE&

(4) O~ {ejH$ ~ÀMm| H$mo CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwgma n‹T>mE&

67. ~ÀMm| Ho$ ^mfmB© {dH$mg Ho$ {bE Oê$ar h¡ {H$-(1) CZH$mo A{YH$ go A{YH$ AnZo {dMma ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ Adga XoZo

Mm{hE&

(2) ^mfmB© H$m¡ebm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw J{V{d{Y¶m± Am¶mo{OV H$s OmZr Mm{hE&

(3) {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm VWm gwZZo H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

*******

61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(4) (1) (1) (2) (3) (4) (4)

àJÊ¶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ àË¶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida,

BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s

’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV

Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m AÝ¶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘|

Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ôoO {XE OmE±J|&REET - 94604 43210 UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535












àJÊ¶ d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU n¥îR> 51




AÜ¶m¶ 4

d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU

4.1 àñVmdZm‘Zwî¶ H$m {dH$mg {OZ H$maH$m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡, CZ‘o| O¡{dH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$

H$maH$ g~go ‘w»¶ h¢& O¡{dH$ {dH$mg H$m Xm{¶Ëd ‘mVm-{nVm na hmoVm h¡ VWm

gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$m dmVmdaU na hmoVm h¡& ‘mVm-{nVm {Og {eew H$mo OÝ‘

XoVo h¢, CgH$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg J^©H$mb ‘| hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm OÝ‘

Ho$ ~mX {‘bo dmVmdaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&

OÝ‘ go gå~pÝYV {dH$mg Ho$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a g‘mO go gå~pÝYV

{dH$mg H$mo dmVmdaU H$hVo h¢& Bgo àH¥${V VWm nmofU ^r H$hm J¶m h¡& O¡gm

{H$ dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ EH$ nm¡Yo H$m d§emZwH«$‘ CgHo$ ~rO ‘§o {Z{hV h¡ Am¡a

CgHo$ nmofU H$m Xm{¶Ëd CgHo$ dmVmdaU na {Z ©a h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU

H$m AÜ¶¶Z àmUr Ho$ {dH$mg VWm dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&

‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ¶h àíZ h‘oem MMm© H$m {df¶ ahm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gh¶moJ A{YH$ h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU H$m& Bg àíZ na

àm¶… ‘VôX aho h¢

4.2 d§emZwH«$‘ H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfmgmYmaU AW© ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ go VmËn¶© O¡go Ho$ V¡go go ¶m g‘mZ Ho$ g‘mZ go

h¡& gmYmaUV¶m Bggo VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, CZH$s gÝVmZ

^r d¡gr hr hmoVr h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| ¶h ^r H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ O¡go Ord hmoVo h¢,

do AnZo hr O¡go Ordm| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢& Bgr H$WZ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ XoIVo

h¢ {H$ gm‘mÝ¶V… ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n-JwU ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ AZwê$n hr

hmoVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V Vmo ¶hm± VH$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go

emar[aH$ JwU hr Zht ~pëH$ ‘mZ{gH$ E§d gm‘m{OH$ JwU ^r àmá H$aVm h¡&

Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ

hmoZr Mm{hE& {H$ÝVw Bg VÏ¶ Ho$ AndmX ^r nm¶o OmVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©, {dÛmZ

‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ gÝVmZ Am¡a ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dÛmZ gÝVmZ

XoIr OmVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ JwU AnZo

‘mVm-{nVm go hr Zht A{nVw CZgo nhbo Ho$ nyd©Om| go ^r àmá H$aVm h¡& nyd©Om|

H$o JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go hr hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ JwUm|

Ho hñVmÝVaU H$mo hr d§emZwH«$‘ ¶m AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$hVo h¢&

{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go d§emZwH«$‘ H$s n[a^mfmE±

AnZo-AnZo T>§J go Xr h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-


d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢ Omo OrdZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVo g‘¶ ì¶p³V ‘|

CnpñWV Wt& ¶o OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ OÝ‘ go bJ^J Zm¡ ‘mh

nyd© ì¶p³V ‘| n¡Xm hmoVr h¢&

2. Oo. E. WmångZ Ho$ AZwgma-

d§emZwH«$‘, H«$‘~Õ nr[‹T>¶m| Ho$ ~rM CËn[Îm gå~ÝYr, gå~ÝY Ho$ {b¶o gw{dYmOZH$

eãX h¡&

3. EM. E. noQ>agZ Ho$ AZwgma-

d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo Bg àH$ma n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ Omo Hw$N> JwU àmá H$aVm h¡, dhr d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVm h¡&

4. nr. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-

àH¥${V ‘| àË¶oH$ nr‹T>r H$m H$m¶© ‘mVm-{nVm gÝVmZm| ‘| Hw$N> O¡dH$s¶ ¶m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

{deofVmAm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aZm h¡& Bg àH$ma hñVm[ÝaV {deofVmAm| H$s {‘br-Owbr

JR>ar H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Zm‘ go nwH$mam OmVm h¡&

5. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS Ho$ AZwgma-

‘mVm-{nVm ¶m AÝ¶ nyd©O ¶m àOm{V go àmá g‘ñV emar[aH$ aMZmE±, {deofVmE±,

{H«$¶mE± AWdm j‘VmE± ì¶p³V Ho$ d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| gpå‘{bV ahVr h¢&

6. ê$W ~|{S>³Q> Ho$ AZwgma-

d§emZwH«$‘ ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZ H$mo àmá hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$m Zm‘ h¡&

7. EZ EZmñQ>‘r Ho$ AZwgma-

d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ VÎd OÝ‘ Ho$ ~hþV ~mX VH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo à^m{dV H$a gH$Vo

h¢ Am¡a dmñVd ‘| ¶h à^md OrdZn¶©ÝV MbVm h¡&

8. Ooåg S´>oda Ho$ AZwgma-

‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘| g§H«${‘V hmoZm

hr d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&

9. ~r. EZ. Pm Ho$ AZwgma-

d§emZwH«$‘, ì¶p³V H$s OÝ‘OmV {deofVmAm| H$m nyU© ¶moJ h¡&

Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go

àmá JwU hr d§emZwH«$‘ Zht hmoVo A{nVw CZHo$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go nyd©Om| Ho$ JwUm| H$s àm{á

^r d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr h¡& ¶hm± na ¶h MMm© H$m {df¶ h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘

Ho$ Ûmam H$m¡Z-go JwUm| H$m hñVmÝVaU AmJo AmZo dmbr nr‹T>r H$mo hmoVm h¡&

4.3 d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ¶ÝÌ aMZm/à{H«$¶m‘mZd-eara H$s ~ZmdQ> gå~ÝYr ¶ÝÌ-aMZm ~‹S>r O{Q>b h¡& ¶hm± Bg aMZm H$mo

gab ê$n ‘| ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m J¶m h¡, OrdempñÌ¶m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$



n¥îR> 52 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU àJÊ¶



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‘mZd-eara H$s aMZm H$mofm| go hmoVr h¡& àmaå^ ‘| J^m©dñWm ‘| ^«yU H$m {Z‘m©U

Ho$db EH$ H$mof go hmoVm h¡ {Ogo g§¶w³V H$mof H$hVo h¢& Bg g§¶w³V-H$mof H$s

aMZm Xmo CËnmXH$ H$mofm| Ho$ {‘bZo go hmoVr h¡& BZ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| go EH$

H$mof {nVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo ewH«$ Am¡a Xÿgam ‘mVm H$m hmoVm h¡ {Ogo AÊS> H$hVo

h¢& g§¶w³V H$mof Am¡a CËnmXH$ H$mof 2, 4, 8, 16, 32........... Ho$ H«$‘ ‘|

g§»¶m ‘| ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢& ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> XmoZm| hr CËnmXH$-H$mofm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| Hw$N> JwU ¶m Xmofm| H$m hñVmÝVaU H$aVo h¢& ¶o JwU ¶m Xmof ^«yU ‘| àdoe H$a OmVo h¢

Am¡a OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX d§emZwH«$‘ H$hbmVo h¢&

AZoH$ narjUm| Ho$ ~mX ¶h {ZpíMV hmo J¶m h¡ {H$ ewH«$ Am¡a AÊS> ‘|

23-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$s ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡ {H$ 23-23 JwUgyÌ Ho$

ñWmZ na 24-23 JwUgyÌ hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma g§¶w³V H$mof ‘| JwUgyÌm| Ho$ 23

Omo‹S>o hmoVo h¢& àË¶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| Hw$N> Am¡a ^r gyú‘ nXmW© hmoVo h¢, Omo {nÌ¡H$

H$hbmVo h¢& àË¶oH$ JwUgyÌ ‘| {nÌ¡H$ H$s g§»¶m 40 go 100 VH$ hmoVr h¡&

BZ {nÌ¡H$mo§ H$s aMZm EH$aoIr¶ AmH¥${VZw‘m hmoVr h¡& àË¶oH$ {nÌ¡H$ EH$ JwU

¶m {deofVm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& {nÌ¡H$ hr d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {ZYm©aH$ hmoVo h¢,

³¶m|{H$ EH$ {nÌ¡H$ AWdm {nÌ¡H$ g‘yh Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ Hw$N> {deof JwU EH$

nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo hñVm§[aV hmoVo h¢& {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE

gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {nÌ¡H$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| Ho$ à‘wI JwU {ZYm©[aV hmoVo h¢&

{nÌ¡H$m| Ho$ gå‘obZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

4.4 d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVd§emZwH«$‘ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm Ordd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE AË¶ÝV amoMH$ VWm

ahñ¶‘¶ {df¶ h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ {OZ {Z¶‘m| VWm {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡,

¶h {df¶ ^r AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ Z¶o Am¶m‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ¶o {Z¶‘

gdm©{YH$ àM{bV h¢-

1. ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘&

2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘&3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘&

4. àË¶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘&

5. A{O©V JwUm| H$o g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘&

6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘&

1. ~rOH$mof H$r {ZaÝVaVm H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoZo dmbm ~rOH$mof H$^r ZîQ> Zht hmoVm&

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ drO‘¡Z H$m H$WZ h¡-

~rOH$mof H$m H$m¶© Ho$db CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm h¡, Omo ~rOH$mof ~mbH$

H$mo AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go {‘bVm h¡, Cgo dh AJbr nr‹T>r H$mo hñVmÝV[aV H$a XoVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma, ~rOH$mof nr‹T>r Xa nr‹T>r MbVm ahVm h¡&

drO‘¡Z Ho$ ~rOH$mof H$s {ZaÝVaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$mo ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m

OmVm h¡& BgH$s AmbmoMZm H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm, ~mbH$ Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Z hmoH$a Ho$db ~rOH$mof

Ho$ g§ajH$ h¢, {Ogo do AnZr gÝVmZ H$mo XoVo h¢& ~rOH$mof EH$ nr‹T>r go Xÿgar nr‹T>r H$mo

Bg àH$ma hñVmÝV[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ‘mZmo EH$ ~¢H$ go {ZH$bH$a Xÿgao ~¢H$ ‘| aI

{X¶m J¶m hmo& drO‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Z Vmo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m

H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Z gÝVmofOZH$ hr h¡&

¶h ‘V d§emZwH«$‘ H$s g§nyU© à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m Z H$a nmZo Ho$ H$maU

A‘mÝ¶ h¡&

2. g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, O¡go ‘mVm-{nVm hmoVo h¢, d¡gr hr CZH$s gÝVmZ hmoVr h¡&

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AW© H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$aVo hþE gmoaoZgZ Zo {bIm h¡-

~w{Õ‘mZ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ~w{Õ‘mZ, gmYmaU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo gmYmaU Am¡a

‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ‘ÝX ~w{Õ hmoVo h¢& Bgr àH$ma, emar{aH$ aMZm H$s ÑpîQ>

go ^r ~ÀMo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo h¢&

¶h {Z¶‘ ^r AnyU© h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ àm¶… XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ H$mbo ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ Jmoar, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& Bg

{Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma ‘mVm-{nVm H$s {deofVmE± ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘yb ê$n ‘| AmZr Mm{hE&

3. {d{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ H$o AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {~ëHw$b g‘mZ Z hmoH$a

CZgo Hw$N> {^ÝZ hmoVm h¢& Bgr àH$ma, EH$ hr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVo hþE ^r ~w{Õ, a§J Am¡a ñd^md ‘| EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ hmoVo

h¢& H$^r-H$^r CZ‘| n¶m©á emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&

BgH$m, H$maU ~VmVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡-

Bg {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$s {deofVmE± h¢& CËnmXH$

H$mofm| ‘| AZoH$ {nÌ¡H$ hmoVo h¢, Omo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go g§¶w³V hmoH$a EH$-Xÿgao go {^ÝZ

~ÀMm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&

{^ÝZVm H$m {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV H$aZo dmbm| ‘| S>m{d©Z VWm bo‘mH©$ Zo

AZoH$ à¶moJm| VWm {dMmam| Ûmam ¶h ‘V àH$Q> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ Cn¶moJ Z H$aZo dmbo

Ad¶d VWm {deofVmAm| H$m bmon AmJm‘r nr{‹T>¶m| ‘| hmo OmVm h¡& ZdmoËn[Îm VWm

àmH¥${VH$ M¶Z Ûmam d§emZwH«$‘r¶ {deofVmAm| H$m CÝZ¶Z hmoVm h¡&















4. àË¶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {dnarV JwU nm¶o OmVo

h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE gmoaoÝgZ Zo {bIm h¡-

~hþV à{V^membr ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ à{V^m hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm Amoa ~hþV

{ZåZH$mo{Q> Ho$ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| H$‘ {ZåZH$mo{Q> hmoZo H$s àd¥[Îm hr àË¶mJ‘Z h¡&

àH¥${V H$m {Z¶‘ ¶h h¡ {H$ dh {d{eîQ> JwUmo§ Ho$ ~Om¶ gm‘mÝ¶ JwUm| H$m A{YH$

{dVaU H$aHo$ EH$ Om{V Ho$ àm{U¶m| H$mo EH$ hr ñVa na aIZo H$m à¶mg H$aVr

h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {d{eîQ> JwUm| H$m Ë¶mJ

H$aHo$ gm‘mÝ¶ JwUm| H$mo J«hU H$aVo h& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ ‘hmZ² ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$

nwÌ gmYmaUV… CZHo$ g‘mZ ‘hmZ² Zht hmoVo h¢, CXmhaUmW©- ~m~a, AH$~a

Am¡a ‘hmË‘m Jm±Yr Ho$ nwÌ CZgo ~hþV A{YH$ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ Wo& BgHo$ Xmo

‘w»¶ H$maU h¢-

1. ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ {nÌ¡¡H$m| ‘| go EH$ H$‘ Am¡a EH$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr hmoVm h¡&

2. ‘mVm-{nVm ‘| CZHo$ nyd©Om| ‘| go {H$gr H$m {nÌ¡H$ A{YH$ ep³Vembr hmoVm h¡&

5. A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, ‘mVm-{nVm Ûmam AnZo OrdZ-H$mb ‘| A{O©V {H$¶o OmZo

dmbo JwU CZH$s gÝVmZ H$mo àmá Zht hmoVo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo AñdrH$ma H$aVo

hþE {dH$mgdmXr bo‘mH©$ Zo {bIm h¡-

ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam AnZo OrdZ ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r A{O©V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, dh CZHo$ Ûmam

CËnÞ {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

BgH$m CXmhaU XoVo hþE bo‘mH©$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {Oam’$ new H$s JX©Z

nhbo ~hwV Hw$N> Kmo‹S>o Ho$ g‘mZ Wr, na Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ H$maU

dh bå~r hmo JB© Am¡a H$mbmÝVa ‘| CgH$s bå~r JX©Z H$m JwU AJbr nr‹T>r ‘|

g§H«${‘V$ hmoZo bJm& bo‘mH©$ Ho$ Bg H$WZ H$s nwpîQ> ‘¡³Sy>Jb Am¡a ndbd Zo

Myhm| na Ed§ h¡argZ Zo nV§Jm| na narjU H$aHo$ H$s h¡&

AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| {dH$mgdmX ¶m A{O©V JwUm| Ho$ g§H«$‘U H$m {gÕmÝV

ñdrH$ma Zht {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡-

d§emZwH«$‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ AnZo AmYw{ZH$ kmZ go gånÝZ hmoZo na ¶h ~mV àm¶…

Agå^d OmZ n‹S>Vr h¡ {H$ A{O©V JwUm| H$mo g§H«${‘V {H$¶m Om gHo$& ¶{X Amn H$moB©

^mfm ~mobZm grI b|, Vmo ³¶m Amn {nÌ¡¡H$m| Ûmam Bg kmZ H$mo AnZo ~ÀMo H$mo g§H«${‘V

H$a gH$Vo h¢? Bg àH$ma Ho$ {H$gr à‘mU H$s nwpîQ> Zht hþB© h¡& j¶ ¶m gyOmH$ Eogm

amoJ, Omo ~hþYm n[admam| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡, g§H«${‘H$ Zht hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo ¶h amoJ

n[adma Ho$ n¶m©daU ‘| Ny>V go hmoVm h¡&

6. ‘¡ÊS>b H$m {Z¶‘

Bg {Z¶‘ Ho$ AZwgma, dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m gm‘mÝ¶

ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo OoH$moñbmodo{H$¶m Ho$ ‘¡ÊS>b Zm‘H$

nmXar Zo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm& CgZo AnZo {JaOo Ho$ ~JrMo ‘| ~‹S>r Am¡a N>moQ>r

‘Q>a| ~am~a g§»¶m ‘| {‘bmH$a ~mo¶t& CJZo dmbr ‘Q>am| ‘| g~ dU©g§H$a Om{V

H$s Wt& ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Bg dU©g§H$a ‘Q>am| H$mo {’$a ~mo¶m Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgZo CJZo

dmbr ‘Q>am| H$mo H$B© ~ma ~mo¶m& AÝV ‘|, Cgo Eogr ‘Q>a| {‘br, Omo dU©g§H$a

hmoZo Ho$ ~Om¶ ewÕ Wr&

‘Q>am| Ho$ g‘mZ ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Myhm| na ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo g’o$X Am¡a

H$mbo Myhm| H$mo gmW-gmW aIm& BZgo Omo Myho CËnÝZ hþE, do H$mbo Wo& {’$a

CgZo BZ dU©g§H$a H$mbo Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW aIm& BZgo CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbo

Myho H$mbo Am¡a g’o$X XmoZm| a§Jm| Ho$ Wo& AnZo à¶mgm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘¡ÊS>b Zo

¶h {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m {H$ dU©g§H$a àmUr ¶m dñVwE± AnZo ‘m¡{bH$ ¶m

gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVr h¡& ¶hr {gÕmÝV ‘¡ÊS>bdmX Ho$ Zm‘ go

à{gÕ h¡& BgH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE ~r. EZ. Pm Zo {bIm h¡-

O~ dU©g§H$a AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ {nV¥ ¶m ‘mV¥-CËnmXH$ H$mofm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, V~

do à‘wI JwUm| go ¶w³V ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ g‘mZ ewÕ àH$mam| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVo h¢&

‘¡ÊS>b H$m ‘Q>am| na à¶moJ

‘¡ÊS>b H$m Myhm| na à¶moJ

Jo«Ja Om°Z ‘¡ÊS>b Zo Omo à¶moJ {H$¶o, CZgo àmá {ZîH$fm|ª go d§emZwH«$‘

VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z ‘| AË¶{YH$ gh¶moJ {‘bm& Mmho N>moQ>r-~‹S>r ‘Q>a {‘bmH$a ~moZo H$m à¶moJ hmo AWdm H$mbo-g’o$X Myhm| H$mo EH$ gmW

aIH$a CZgo gÝV{V ì¶mnma H$m à¶moJ hmo, Hw$N> {ZîH$f© Eogo {ZH$mbo {Oggo

d§emZwH«$‘ H$s ewÕVm H$m nVm MbVm h¡& CgZo ¶h àË¶mJ‘Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m

{Zê$nU {H$¶m& CgH$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg àH$ma h¡-A{YH$ OmJ«V ¶m à~b

JwU, gwá JwU H$mo {ZpîH«$¶ H$a XoVm h¡& gwámdñWm ‘| ahZo dmbo ì¶³V JwU O~

àH$Q> hmoH$a ‘w»¶ JwU H$m ê$n YmaU H$a boVo h¢ Vmo ¶h pñW{V àË¶mJ‘Z H$m

ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¡& CXmhaUmW©- H$mbo ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ¶hm± Jmoao ~mbH$

H$m OÝ‘ boZm&

4.5 ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^mdnmíMmË¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZoH$ AÜ¶¶Z

Am¡a narjÊm {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$






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ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àË¶oH$ nhby na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘w»¶

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢ Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. ‘yb ep³V¶m| na à^md

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb ep³V¶m| H$m àYmZ H$maU CgH$m

d§emZwH«$‘ h¡&

2. emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md

H$mb© nr¶agZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ AJa ‘mVm-{nVm H$s bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$

hmoVr h¡, Vmo CZHo$ ~ÀMo H$s ^r bå~mB© H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&

3. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md

p³bZ~J© H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$s loîR>Vm H$m H$maU àOm{V h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡

{H$ A‘arH$m H$r ídoV àOm{V, ZrJ«mo àOm{V go loîR> h¡&

4. ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm na à^md

H¡$Q>b H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m ‘w»¶ H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& dh

Bg {ZîH$f© na A‘o[aH$m Ho$ 885 d¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ n[admam| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo Ho$

’$bñdê$n nhþ±Mm& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ BZ n[admam| ‘| go 2/5 ì¶dgm¶r dJ© Ho$,

1/2 CËnmXH$ dJ© Ho$ Am¡a Ho$db 1/4 H¥${f dJ© Ho$ Wo&

5. gm‘m{OH$ pñW{V na à^md

{dZ{en H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘mVm-{nVm H$r gÝVmZ à{VîR>m

àmá H$aVr h¡& dh Bg {ZîH$f© na [aMS>© ES>dS>© Ho$ n[adma H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo Ho$

~mX nhþ±Mm& [aMS>© ñd¶§ JwUdmZ Am¡a à{VpîR>V ‘Zwî¶ Wm Ed§ CgZo E{bOm~oW

Zm‘H$ {Og ñÌr go {ddmh {H$¶m Wm, dh ^r Cgr Ho$ g‘mZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$

d§eOm| H$mo {dYmZg^m Ho$ gXñ¶m|, ‘hm{dÚmb¶m| Ho$ AÜ¶jm| Am{X Ho$ à{VpîR>V

nX àmá hþE Wo& CZH$m EH$ d§ímO A‘o[aH$m H$m CnamîQ´>n{V ^r ~Zm&

6. M[aÌ na à^md

S>JS>ob H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& CgZo

¶h ~mV gZ² 1877 B©. ‘| Á¶yH$g Ho$ d§eOm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m&

1720 ‘| Ý¶y¶mH©$ ‘| OÝ‘ boZo dmbm Á¶yH$g EH$ M[aÌhrZ ‘Zwî¶ Wm Am¡a

CgH$s nËZr ^r CgH$o g‘mZ M[aÌhrZ Wr& BZ XmoZm| Ho$ d§eOm| Ho$ gå~ÝY

‘| ZZ Zo {bIm h¡-

nm±M nr[‹T>¶m| go bJ^J 1000 ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go 300 ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ‘a JE, 310

Zo 2300 df© X[aÐJ¥hm| ‘| ì¶VrV {H$E, 440 amoJ Ho$ H$maU ‘a JE, 130 ({OZ‘|

7 hË¶m H$aZo dmbo Wo) XÊS> àmá AnamYr Wo Am¡a Ho$db 20 Zo H$moB© ì¶dgm¶ H$aZm

grIm&

7. ‘hmZVm na à^md

JmëQ>Z H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$s ‘hmZVm H$m H$maU CgH$m d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h

d§emZwH«$‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ bjUm| ‘|

{d{^ÞVm nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$m H$X, dU©, ñdmñÏ¶, ~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V

Am{X CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na AmYm[aV hmoVo h¢& JmëQ>Z Zo {bIm h¡-

‘hmZ² Ý¶m¶mYrem|, amOZr{Vkm|, g¡{ZH$ nXm{YH$m[a¶m|, gm{hË¶H$mam|, d¡km{ZH$m|

Am¡a {Ibm{‹S>¶m| Ho$ OrdZ-M[aÌm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo go kmV hmoVm h¡ {H$ BZHo$ n[admam|

‘| BÝht joÌm| ‘| àe§gm àmá AÝ¶ ì¶p³V ^r hþE h¢&

8. d¥{Õ na à^md

JmoS>mS>© H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a Vrd«

~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV H$mbrH$m°H$

Zm‘H$ EH$ g¡{ZH$ Ho$ d§eOm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& H$mbrH$m°H$ Zo nhbo

EH$ ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ñÌr go Am¡a Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX EH$ Vrd« ~w{Õ H$s ñÌr go {ddmh

{H$¶m& nhbr ñÌr Ho$ 480 d§eOm| ‘| go 143 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ, 46 gm‘mÝ¶, 36

Ad¡Y gÝVmZ, 32 doí¶mE±, 24 eam~r, 8 doí¶mb¶ ñdm‘r, 3 ‘¥Jr amoJ dmbo

Am¡a 3 AnamYr Wo& Xÿgar ñÌr Ho$ 496 d§eOm| ‘| go Ho$db 3 ‘ÝX ~w{Õ Am¡a

M[aÌhrZ Wo& eof Zo ì¶dgm{¶¶m|, S>m³Q>am|, {ejH$m|, dH$sbm| BË¶m{X Ho$ ê$n ‘|

g‘mO ‘| gå‘m{ZV ñWmZ àmá {H$E&

d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ g‘pÝdV à^md na àH$me S>mbVo hþE, H$mobog{ZH$ Zo

{bIm h¡-

{Og gr‘m VH$ ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ aMZm H$mo CgHo$ {nÌ¡¡H$ {ZpíMV H$aVo h¢,

Cg gr‘m VH$ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ Ed§ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ H$s aMZm, CgHo$ AÝ¶ bjU,

CgH$s Iob-Hy$X gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm Am¡a CgH$s J{UV gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶Vm- ¶o g^r

~mVo§ CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ na {Z^©a hmoVr h¢, na do ~mV| CgHo$ dmVmdaU na H$hr§ A{YH$

{Z^©a hmoVr h¡&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$

VWm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ H$m H$m’$s à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶h à^md

{nÌ¡H$ Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm| na àH$Q> hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$

VÎd CgHo$ ñd^md H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVo h¢& S>JS>ob Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m

h¡ {H$ M[aÌhrZ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ M[aÌhrZ hmoVr h¡& ñdñW ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm

‘mZ{gH$ pñW{V ^r d§emZwH«$‘ H$s XoZ h¡&

4.6 dmVmdaU H$m AW© Ed§ n[a^mfm~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ H$s Cnojm

Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go EH$ VÏ¶ ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$

~mbH$ d§emZwH«$‘ go AZoH$ ep³V¶m± Ed§ j‘VmE± J«hU H$a OÝ‘ boVm h¡, {H$ÝVw

BZ ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo AÀN>m

dmVmdaU {‘b Om¶o Omo dh AnZr ep³V¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ à{VpîR>V OrdZ

ì¶VrV H$a gH$Vm h¡& dmVmdaU H$mo hr nmofH$ AWdm n¶m©daU H$hVo h¢&

dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU eãX H$m r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& n¶m©daU

Xmo eãXm| go {‘bH$a ~Zm h¡- n[a+AmdaU& n[a H$m AW© h¡- Mmam| Amoa Ed§

AmdaU H$m AW© h¡- T>H$Zo dmbm& Bg àH$ma n¶m©daU ¶m dmVmdaU dh h¡,

Omo Mmam| Amoa go T>Ho$ ¶m Koao hþE h¡& AV… h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ Mmam|

Amoa Omo Hw$N> h¡, dh CgH$m dmVmdaU h¡& Bg‘| do g~ VÎd gpå‘{bV {H$E Om

gH$Vo h¢, Omo ì¶{³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

dmVmdaU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE Hw$N> {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo n[a^m{fV

{H$¶m h¡ {OZH$m CëboI ¶hm± H$aZm C{MV hmoJm-

1. {Oñ~Q>© Ho$ AZwgma-

dmVmdaU dh ha dñVw h¡ Omo {H$gr AÝ¶ dñVw H$mo Koao hþE h¡ Am¡a Cg na grYo

AnZm à^md S>mbVr h¡&















2. EZr EZmñQ>mgr Ho$ AZwgma-

dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r dñVwE± gpå‘{bV h¢, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ {nÌ¡H$ Ho$ A{V[a³V CgHo$

g^r njm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢&

3. ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO Ho$ AZwgma-

ñd¶§ àmUr, CgHo$ OrdZ H$m T>m±Mm, ~rVo hþE OrdZ Ed§ AVrV n¶m©daU H$m ’$b h¡&

n¶m©daU, OrdZ Ho$ àmaå^ go ¶hm± VH$ {H$ CËnmXH$ H$mofm| ‘| ^r {Z{hV h¡&

4. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ doëS Ho$ AZwgma-

EH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V CZ g^r CÎmoOZmAm| H$m ¶moJ Am OmVm h¡,

{OZH$mo dh OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ J«hU H$aVm h¡&

5. Oo. Eg. am°g Ho$ AZwgma-

dmVmdaU EH$ ~mø ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&


dmVmdaU ‘| do g‘ñV VÎd gpå‘{bV h¢, {OÝhm|Zo ì¶p³V H$mo OrdZ àmaå^ H$aZo

Ho$ g‘¶ à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&

7. S>Jbg d hm°b¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-

dmVmdaU eãX H$m à¶moJ CZ g‘ñV ~mø ep³V¶m|, à^mdm| Am¡a XemAm| Ho$ ¶moJ Ho$

dU©Z Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Or{dV àm{U¶m| Ho$ OrdZ, ñd^md, ì¶dhma, {dH$mg

Am¡a n[an³dVm H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| go ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU {H$gr EH$ VÎd ¶m

ep³V H$m à{V’$b Zht hmoVm h¡& BgH$s aMZm ‘| AZoH$ VÎd ¶m ep³V¶m| H$m

gm‘y{hH$ ê$n ‘| hmW hmoVm h¡ Omo ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo J^©H$mb go hr à^m{dV

H$aVo h¢&

4.7 dmVmdaU Ho$ àH$madmVmdaU H$s aMZm H$aZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ AmYma na dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶

àH$ma h¢-

1. ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU

^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘| àH¥${V Ho$ g^r VÎd O¡go pñW{V, ñWbmH¥${V, Obdm¶w,

{‘Q²>Q>r, I{ZO, dZñn{V Ed§ Ord-OÝVw Am{X gpå‘{bV {H$E OmVo h¢&

^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd Ho$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&

2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘mZd g‘wXm¶m| H$s CnbpãY H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& BgHo$

AÝVJ©V ar{V-[admO, naånam, ^mfm, {eîQ>mMma Am{X AmVo h¢& gm‘m{OH$

dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmo ê$n {XE Om gH$Vo h¢-

1. gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU2. ‘mZ{gH$ dmVmdaU

gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU {eîQ>mMma H$m à{ejU XoVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘mZ{gH$

dmVmdaU ~mbH$ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg

àH$ma ¶o g^r àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm|, O¡go-

emar[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

4.8 ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU H$m à^mdnmíMmË¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AZHo$ AÜ¶¶Z

Am¡a narjU {H$E h¢& BZHo$ AmYma na CÝhm|Zo {gÕ {H$¶m h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àË¶oH$ nhby na ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU

H$m ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^maVr¶ ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ EH$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ AZwgma

1971 H$s AmB©.E.Eg. H$s narjm CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo N>mÌm| ‘| go AmYo go A{YH$

Ho$ A{^^mdH$m| H$s ‘m{gH$ Am¶ <10 hOma ¶m Bggo A{YH$ Wr Am¡a 44

à{VeV Zo npãbH$ ñHy$bm| ‘| {ejm àmá H$s Wr& h‘ ¶hm± Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|

Ho$ AZwgma Bg à^md H$m dU©Z ZrMo H$a aho h¢-

1. emar[aH$ AÝVa na à^md

’«§o$O ~moÝg H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ àOm{V¶m| Ho$ emar[aH$ AÝVa H$m H$maU

d§emZwH«$‘ Z hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo AZoH$ CXmhaU XoH$a {gÕ {H$¶m {H$

Omo OmnmZr Am¡a ¶hÿXr, A‘o[aH$m ‘| AZoH$ nr{‹T>¶m| go {Zdmg H$a aho h¢, CZH$s

bå~mB© ^m¡Jmo{bH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU ~‹T> J¶r h¡&

2. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md

JmoS>©Z H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ C{MV gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU Z {‘bZo na

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg H$s J{V Yr‘r hmo OmVr h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV Z{X¶m| Ho$ {H$Zmao

ahZo dmbo ~ÀMm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ H$s& BZ ~ÀMm| H$m dmVmdaU JÝXm

Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o à^mdm| go Xÿa Wm&

3. ~w{Õ na à^md

H|$S>mob Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m AÜ¶¶Z ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg d§emZwH«$‘

H$s Anojm dmVmdaU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡& CgZo ’«$m§g Ho$ 552 {dÛmZm| H$m

AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘| go A{YH$m§e YZr dJ© go gå~pÝYV Wo&

AVEd CZH$mo {ejm J«hU H$aZo H$s Cn¶w³V gw{dYmE± CnbãY hþBª& ñQ>r’¢$g

Zo ^r ~w{Õ-bpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AnZm {dMma àH$Q> {H$¶m {H$ ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo

AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo CgH$s ~w{Õ-bpãY ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&

4. ì¶p³VËd na à^md

CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nbZo na ~mbH$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg ~hþ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&

¶{X {ZY©Z ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~mbH$ H$mo CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbm Om¶o, Vmo dh

AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg gå~ÝY ‘| Hy$bo H$m AÜ¶¶Z

‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo 71 gm{hË¶H$mam| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ nVm bJm¶m {H$ CZ‘|

go Xmo gm{hË¶H$ma {ZY©Z n[admam| Ho$ Wo, {H$ÝVw CÎm‘ dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU do

XmoZm| ‘hmZ² gm{hË¶H$ma ~Z gHo$&

5. àOm{V H$s loîR>Vm na à^md

³bmH©$ H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> àOm{V¶m| H$s ~m¡{ÕH$ loîR>Vm H$m H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ Z

hmoH$a dmVmdaU h¡& CgZo ¶h ~mV A‘arH$m Ho$ Hw$N> Jmoao Am¡a ZrJ«mo bmoJm| H$s ~w{Õ

narjm boH$a {gÕ H$s& CgHo$ g‘mZ AZoH$ AÝ¶ {dÛmZm| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ ZrJ«mo

àOm{V H$s ~w{Õ H$m ñVa Bg{bE {ZåZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$mo A‘o[aH$m H$s ídoV àOm{V






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Ho$ g‘mZ e¡{jH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU CnbãY Zht hmoVm h¡&

6. AZmW ~ÀMm| na à^md

g‘mO H$ë¶mU Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| AZmW Am¡a namdbå~r ~ÀMo AmVo h¡& do gmYmaUV…

{ZåZ n[admam| Ho$ hmoVo h¢, na Ho$ÝÐm| ‘| CZH$m AÀN>r {d{Y go nmbZ-nmofU

{H$¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$mo AÀN>o dmVmdaU ‘| aIm OmVm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$ gmW AÀN>m

ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| nmbo OmZo dmbo ~ÀMm| Ho$

gå~ÝY ‘| dwS>dW© Zo H$hm h¡ {H$-

do g‘J« ê$n ‘| AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm go AÀN>o hr {gÕ hmoVo h¢&

7. Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| na à^md

Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| Ho$ emar[aH$ bjUm|, ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Am¡a e¡{jH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘|

AË¶{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoVr h¡& Ý¶y‘¡Z, ’«$s‘¡Z Am¡a hmobqOJa Zo 20 Omo‹S>o Ow‹S>dm±

~ÀMm| H$mo AbJ-AbJ dmVmdaU ‘| aIH$a CZH$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$

Omo‹S>o Ho$ EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo Jm±d Ho$ ’$m‘© na Am¡a Xÿgao H$mo ZJa ‘| aIm& ~‹S>o hmoZo

na XmoZm| ~ÀMm| ‘| n¶m©á AÝVa nm¶m J¶m& ’$m‘© H$m ~ÀMm A{eîQ> {MÝVmJ«ñV

Am¡a H$‘ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& CgHo$ {dnarV, ZJa H$m ~ÀMm {eîQ>, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a

A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ Wm& ñQ>r’o$Ýg H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-

Bg àH$ma Ho$ AÜ¶¶Zm| go h‘ ¶h {ZU©¶ H$a gH$Vo h¢ {H$ n¶m©daU H$m ~w{Õ na

gmYmaU à^md hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CnbpãY na A{YH$ {deof à^md hmoVm h¡&

8. ~mbH$ na ~hþ‘wIr à^md

dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm‘m{OH$, g§doJmË‘H$ BË¶m{X g^r

A§Jm| na à^md S>mbVm h¡& BgH$s nwpîQ> Edoam°Z Ho$ O§Jbr ~mbH$ Ho$ CXmhaU

go H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg ~mbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX hr ô{‹S>¶m CR>m bo J¶m Wm

Am¡a CgH$m nmbZ-nmofU O§Jbr newAm| Ho$ ~rM ‘| hþAm Wm& Hw$N> {eH$m[a¶m|

Zo Cgo gZ² 1799 B©. ‘| nH$‹S> {b¶m& Cg g‘¶ CgH$s Am¶w 11 ¶m 12 df©

H$s Wr& CgH$s AmH¥${V newAm| H$s gr Wr Am¡a dh CZHo$ g‘mZ hmWm|-n¡am| go

MbVm Wm& dh H$ÀMm ‘m§g ImVm Wm& Cg‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ ~mobZo Am¡a {dMma

H$aZo H$s ep³V Zht Wr& CgH$mo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ g‘mZ gä¶ Am¡a {e{jV ~ZmZo Ho$

g~ à¶mg {d’$b hþE&

dmVmdaU Ho$ g§M¶r à^md H$m CëboI H$aVo hþE ñQ>r’o$Ýg Zo {bIm h¡-

EH$ ~ÀMm {OVZo A{YH$ g‘¶ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡, dh CVZm hr A{YH$

Bg n¶m©daU H$s Amoa àd¥Îm hmoVm h¡& AJa EH$ ~ÀMm MVwa ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ gmW A{YH$

g‘¶ VH$ ahVm h¡, Vmo dh CVZm hr A{YH$ MVwa hmoVm h¡& Bgr àH$ma, {OVZo A{YH$

g‘¶ dh hm{ZH$maH$ n¶m©daU ‘| ahVm h¡, àm¶… CVZm hr dh amîQ´>r¶ ‘mZ go {Ja OmVm

h¡& nhbr ÑpîQ> ‘| Bg‘| n¶m©daU Ho$ à^md H$m {ZñgÝXoh à‘mU àmá hmoVm h¡, naÝVw

h‘| Bg ~mV H$mo ^r ñ‘aU aIZm Mm{hE {H$ {nVm Ho$ gmW ~ÀMo H$s g‘mZVm, bå~mB©

‘| Am¡a Xm‹T>r Ho$ a§J ‘| ^r Am¶w Ho$ gmW ~‹T>Vr Om¶oJr, AWm©V² C³V g‘mZVm H$s d¥{Õ

H$m Hw$N> A§e AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$r n[an³dVm Ho$ H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡&

4.9 d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝYd§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Zht h¢& ¶o XmoZm| EH$-Xÿgao

Ho$ nyaH$ h¢& ~rO VWm IoV O¡gm BZH$m gå~ÝY h¡& EH$ Ho$ {~Zm Xÿgao H$s

gmW©H$Vm Zht h¡& ñdñW ~rO V^r ñdñW nm¡Yo H$m ê$n YmaU H$a gH$Vm

h¡ O~{H$ dmVmdaU ñdñW Ed§ g§Vw{bV hmo& AÀN>r ImX, g‘¶ na nmZr,

YaVr H$s V¡¶mar, {ZamB©-Jw‹S>mB© Am{X dmVmdaU H$s g¥pîQ> H$aVr h¡& b¡pÊS>g Zo

Bg{b¶o H$hm h¡-

d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| {dH${gV hmoZo H$s j‘VmE± àXmZ H$aVm h¡& BZ j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH${gV

hmoZo Ho$ Adga h‘| dmVmdaU go {‘bVo h¢, d§emZwH«$‘ h‘| H$m¶©erb ny±Or XoVm h¡ Am¡a

n[a{ñW{V h‘| BgH$mo {Zdoe H$aZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

‘¡H$AmBda Ed§ noO Zo d§emZwH«$‘ Ed§ dmVmdaU, XmoZm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo

ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& BÝhm|Zo {bIm h¡-

OrdZ H$s àË¶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& {H$gr ^r {ZpíMV n[aUm‘ Ho$

{b¶o EH$ CVZr hr Amdí¶H$ h¡ {OVZr {H$ Xÿgar& H$moB© ^r Z Vmo hQ>mB© Om gH$Vr h¡

Am¡a Z hr H$^r n¥WH²$ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

dwS>dW© VWm ‘maop³dg Zo H$hm h¡-

ì¶p³V, d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ Zht, JwUZ’$b h¡&

{dH$mg H$s {H$gr AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$

Am¡a g§doJmË‘H$ {deofVmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE gmYmaUV… d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU eãXm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {H$g gr‘m VH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-¶h {df¶ gX¡d {ddmXmñnX

Wm Am¡a A~ ^r h¡& àmMrZ g‘¶ ‘| ¶h {dídmg {H$¶m OmVm Wm {H$ d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$ Wo Am¡a ~mbH$ ¶m ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Am¡a

H$m¶©j‘Vm H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go à^m{dV H$aVo Wo& AmYw{ZH$ g‘¶ ‘| Bg

YmaUm ‘o| n¶m©á n[adV©Z hmo J¶m h¢& A~ h‘mao Bg {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ

hmoVr Mbr Om ahr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V-~mbH$, {H$emoa ¶m àm¡‹T> Ho$ ê$n ‘| Omo Hw$N>

gmoMVm, H$aVm ¶m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, dh d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maH$m| Am¡a dmVmdaU

Ho$ à^mdm| Ho$ nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&

h‘mao {dídmg ‘| {ZaÝVa d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU h¢-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU

gå~ÝYr narjU& BZ narjUm| Zo {gÕ H$a {X¶m h¡ {H$ g‘mZ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a

g‘mZ dmVmdaU hmoZo na ^r ~ÀMm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm hmoVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$

{dH$mg na Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ H$m daZ² dmVmdaU H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

BgH$s nwpîQ> H$aVo hþE H«$mo d H«$mo Zo {bIm h¡-

ì¶p³V H$m {Z‘m©U Z Ho$db d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a Z Ho$db dmVmdaU go hmoVm h¡& dmñVd

‘| dh O¡{dH$Xm¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ {damgV Ho$ EH$sH$aU H$s CnO h¡&

4.10 dmVmdaU Ed§ d§emZwH«$‘ H$m gmnoj ‘hÎdd§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dÛmZm| ‘| ‘VôX h¢& Hw$N>

{dÛmZm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ Hw$N> JwU d§emZwJV hmoVo h¢, {OZ na dmVmdaU H$m H$moB©

à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡& Eogo {dÛmZ d§emZwH«$‘ H$mo dmVmdaU go gdm}n[a ‘mZVo

h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ O¡go JmëQ>Z, dmQ>gZ Am{X Ho$

AZwgma dmVmdaU A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& CZH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘

H$m ‘mZd H$s ¶mo½¶VmE±, j‘VmE± VWm emar[aH$ {deofVmE± {ZYm©[aV H$aZo ‘|

H$moB© ¶moJXmZ Zhr§ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ {dMma àH$Q> H$aZo dmbo















{dÛmZm| H$mo AmO Ho$ ¶wJ ‘| H$Q²>Q>anÝWr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

A~ A{YH$m§e {ejmemñÌr ¶h AZw^d H$aVo h¢ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a

dmVmdaU XmoZm| hr ‘hmZ² ep³V¶m± h¡& ¶o XmoZm| hr {ejH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo

à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& XmoZmo§ hr Jm‹S>r Ho$ Xmo n{h¶m| Ho$ g‘mZ h¢& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§ noO

Zo d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ gmnoj ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH¥$V H$aVo hþE AnZo {dMma

Bg àH$ma ñnîQ> {H$E,

OrdZ H$s àË¶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE XmoZm| hr g‘mZ

ê$n go Amdí¶H$ h¢& BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo Z Vmo KQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a Z hr AbJ

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

4.10.1 ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ ‘hÎd

H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go ì¶³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s An¥WH$Vm

{ejm H$s {H$gr ^r ¶moOZm ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$

Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& {Og àH$ma AmË‘m Am¡a eara H$m gå~ÝY h¡, Cgr

àH$ma d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ^r gå~ÝY h¡& AV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$

{dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g§¶moJ A{Zdm¶© h¡& ‘¡H$mBda Ed§

noO Zo {bIm h¡-

OrdZ H$s àË¶oH$ KQ>Zm XmoZm| H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVr h¡& BZ‘| go EH$, n[aUm‘ Ho$ {bE

CVZm hr Amdí¶H$ h¡, {OVZm H$s Xÿgam& H$moB© Z Vmo H$^r hQ>m¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a

Z H$^r n¥WH²$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

2. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd

h‘| gmYmaUV¶m ¶h àíZ gwZZo H$mo {‘bVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg

‘| d§emZwH«$‘ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m dmVmdaU? Bg àíZ H$m H$moB© CÎma Zht

{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ¶h àíZ nyN>Zm ¶h nyN>Zo Ho$ g‘mZ h¡ {H$ ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$

{bE B§OZ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ ¶m noQ´>mob& {Og àH$ma ‘moQ>aH$ma Ho$ {bE B§OZ

Am¡a noQ´>mob H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡ Cgr àH$ma ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a

dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& dwS>dW© Zo R>rH$ {bIm h¡-

¶h nyN>Zo H$m H$moB© ‘Vb~ Zht {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘| go H$m¡Z A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& XmoZm| ‘| go àË¶oH$ nyU© ê$n go A{Zdm¶©

h¡&

3. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm

d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o§ nmañn[aH$ {Z^©aVm h¡& ¶o EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ nyaH$,

ghm¶H$ Am¡a gh¶moJr h¢& ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘ybàd¥[Îm¶m± d§emZwH«$‘ go àmá hmoVr

h¢, CZH$m {dH$mg dmVmdaU ‘| hmoVm h¡, CXmhaUmW©, ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$

ep³V Zht h¡, Vmo CÎm‘ go CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ^r CgH$m ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht

H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr àH$ma ~m¡{ÕH$ ep³V dmbm ~mbH$ à{VHy$b dmVmdaU ‘|

AnZm ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg Zht H$a gH$Vm h¡& dñVwV… ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma

H$s g¥pîQ>-d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ‘mog© Ed§

qdJmo H$m ‘V h¡-

‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s àË¶oH$ {deofVm d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m ’$b h¡&

4. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d

¶h ~VmZm Agå^d h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ H$s {ejm Am¡a {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a

dmVmdaU H$m {H$VZm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& d§emZwH«$‘ ‘| do g^r ~mV| Am OmVr h¢

Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ Zht daZ² J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV Wr& Bgr

àH$ma dmVmdaU ‘| do g~ ~mø VÎd Am OmVo h¢ Omo ì¶{³V H$mo OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶

go à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& AV… O¡gm {H$ dwS>dW© Zo {bIm h¡-

ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Am¡a {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbr àË¶oH$ ~mV d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a

dmVmdaU Ho$ joÌ ‘| Am OmVr h¡& na ¶o ~mVo§ BVZr noMrXm T>§J go g§¶w³V ahVr h¡

{H$ ~hþYm d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ à^mdm| ‘| AÝVa H$aZm Agå^d hmo OmVm h¡&

5. ~mbH$, d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$s CnO

~mbH$ H$m {dH$mg Bg{bE Zht hmoVm h¡ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ~mV| d§emZwH«$‘ go Am¡a

Hw$N> dmVmdaU go àmá hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma, ¶h ^r Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡

{H$ dh AnZo d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU ‘o| go {H$gH$s A{YH$ CnO h¡& gË¶

¶h h¡ {H$ dh d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ’$b Z hmoH$a JwUZ’$b h¡&

dwS>dW© H$m H$WZ h¡-

d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY Omo‹S> Ho$ g‘mZ Z hmoH$a JwUm Ho$ g‘mZ A{YH$

h¡& AV… ì¶{³V BZ XmoZm| VÎdm| H$m JwUZ’$b h¡, ¶moJ’$b Zht&

gmam§e ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g‘mZ ‘hÎd h¡& CgHo$ {Z‘m©U ‘| XmoZm| H$m g‘mZ ¶moJ h¡&

BZ‘| go EH$ H$s ^r AZwnpñW{V ‘| CgH$m gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Agå^d h¡& J¡aoQ>

H$m H$WZ h¡-

Bggo A{YH$ {ZpíMV ~mV Am¡a H$moB© Zht h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$-Xÿgao

H$mo gh¶moJ XoZo dmbo à^md h¢ Am¡a XmoZm| hr ~mbH$ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡&

4.10.2 {ejH$m| Ho$ {bE ‘hÎd{ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaÊm H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡ Am¡a dh CZHo$ kmZ

‘| AnZm Am¡a AnZo N>mÌm| H$m {H$g àH$ma H$ë¶mU H$a gH$Vm h¡, Bg na h‘

AbJ-AbJ erf©H$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V {dMma H$a aho h¢ ¶o {dMma {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. d§emZwH«$‘ H$m ‘hÎd

1. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go gånÝZ hmoH$a CZHo$ emar[aH$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡&

2. ~mbH$m| Am¡a ~m{bH$mAm| ‘| qbJr¶ ôX d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU hmoVm

h¡, {Oggo {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| ‘| CZH$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$‘ ¶m A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go CZHo$ {bE Cn¶w³V {df¶m| Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$s ì¶dñWm H$a gH$Vm h¡&

3. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| ‘| AÝVa hmoVm

h¡& {ejH$ Bg ~mV H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIH$a H$‘ àJ{V H$aZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ àJ{V H$aZo ‘| gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&

4. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mbH$m| ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢, Omo CZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ gmW-gmW A{YH$ go A{YH$

ñnîQ> hmoVr OmVr h¢& {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$s BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m






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AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ BZHo$ AZwê$n {ejm H$r Am¶moOZm V¡¶ma H$a gH$Vm

h¡&

5. d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {Z¶‘ ~VmVm h¡ {H$ ¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo A¶mo½¶

Am¡a A¶mo½¶ ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ~ÀMo ¶mo½¶ hmo gH$Vo h¢& Bg {Z¶‘ H$mo

AÀN>r Vah g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ hr ~mbH$m| Ho$ à{V C{MV àH$ma

H$m ì¶dhma H$a gH$Vm h¡&

6. ~mbH$m| H$mo d§emZwH«$‘ H$s Hw$N> àd¥[Îm¶m± ^r àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo

dm§N>Zr¶ Am¡a Adm§N>Zr¶ XmoZm| àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ BZ

àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ dm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m {dH$mg Am¡a

Adm§N>Zr¶ àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m X‘Z ¶m ‘mJm©ÝVrH$aU H$a gH$Vm h¡&

7. d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU ~mbH$m| H$s grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| AÝVa hmoVm

h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a Xoa go grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m|

Ho$ à{V ghZerb Am¡a OëXr grIZo dmbo ~mbH$m| H$mo A{YH$ H$m¶© Xo gH$Vm h¡&

8. dwS>dW© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ XohmVr ~mbH$m| H$s Anojm ehar ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$s loîR>Vm Am§{eH$ ê$n go d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Bg kmZ go AdJV hmoH$a AnZo {ejU H$mo CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVam| Ho$ AZwgma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

2. dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎd1. gmoaoÝgZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ {ejm H$m kmZ CÎm‘ dmVmdaU ~mbH$m|

H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a kmZ H$s d¥{Õ ‘| àe§gZr¶ ¶moJXmZ XoVm h¡& Bg ~mV H$s OmZH$mar aIZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎm‘ go CÎm‘ e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU àXmZ H$aZo H$s MoîR>m H$a gH$Vm h¡&

2. ~mbH$ AnZo n[adma, n‹S>mog, ‘whëbo Am¡a Iob Ho$ ‘¡XmZ ‘| AnZm n¶m©á g‘¶ ì¶VrV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ BZ ñWmZm| Ho$ dmVmdaU H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIH$a hr ~mbH$ H$m C{MV nW-àXe©Z H$aVm h¡&

3. ê$W ~¢{S>³Q> H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V OÝ‘ go hr EH$ {ZpíMV gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AmXem] Ho$ AZwê$n hr AmMaU H$aVm h¡& Bg VÏ¶ H$mo OmZZo dmbm {ejH$, ~mbH$ H$mo

AnZm gm§ñH¥${VH$ {dH$mg H$aZo ‘| ¶moJXmZ Xo gH$Vm h¡&4. ¶yZoñH$mo Ho$ Hw$N> {deofkm| H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU H$m ~mbH$m| H$s

^mdZmAm| na ì¶mnH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a Cggo CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m

{Z‘m©U ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg H$WZ ‘| {dídmg H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m|

Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo Z Ho$db CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gÝVw{bV {dH$mg hmo, daZ² CZHo$ M[aÌ H$m ^r {Z‘m©U hmo gHo$&

5. AZwHy$b dmVmdaU ‘| hr OrdZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AmJo

H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg ~mV H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$s ê${M¶m|, àd¥[Îm¶m| Am¡a j‘VmAm| Ho$ AZwgma dmVmdaU àXmZ

H$aHo$ CZH$mo AmJo H$s Amoa ~‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&6. dmVmdaU, ~mbH$ Ho$ {dH$mg H$s [Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡&

dmVmdaU hr ¶h {ZpíMV H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ ~‹S>m hmoH$a AÀN>m

¶m ~wam, M[aÌdmZ² ¶m M[aÌhrZ, g§¶‘r ¶m ì¶{^Mmar, ì¶mnmar ¶m

gm{hË¶H$ma, Xoeào‘r ¶m XoeÐmohr ~ZoJm& Bg VÏ¶ na qMVZ H$aZo

dmbm {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE Eogo dmVmdaU H$m {Z‘m©U H$a

gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZH$m {dH$mg C{MV {Xem ‘| hmo&

7. dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo g‘PZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~mbH$m| Ho$

{bE Eogm dmVmdaU CnpñWV H$a gH$Vm h¡, {Oggo CZ‘| {dMmam|

H$s C{MV A{^ì¶p³V, {eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma, H$Îm©ì¶m| Am¡a

A{YH$mam| H$m kmZ, ñdm^m{dH$ àd¥[Îm¶m| na {Z¶ÝÌU BË¶m{X JwUm|

H$m A{YH$V‘ {dH$mg hmo gHo$&

8. àË¶oH$ g‘mO H$m AnZm EH$ {d{eîQ> dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo

Bgr g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| AnZm AZwHy$bZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg

~mV go AÀN>r Vah go n[a{MV hmoZo dmbm {ejH$, {dÚmb¶ H$mo bKw

g‘mO H$m ê$n àXmZ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AnZo {dñV¥V g‘mO Ho$

dmVmdaU go AZwHy$bZ H$aZo H$s {ejm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

Cn¶w©³V {ddoMZ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE d§emZwH«$‘

Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| H$m kmZ ~hþV A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg Vah Ho$ kmZ go

gånÝZ hmoH$a hr {ejH$ AnZo N>mÌm| H$m dm§{N>V Am¡a gÝVw{bV {dH$mg H$a

gH$Vm h¡& Bg{bE gmaoÝgZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$

{ejH$ Ho$ {bE ‘mZd-{dH$mg na d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU Ho$ gmno{jH$ à^md Am¡a

nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝY H$m kmZ {deof ‘hÎd aIVm h¡&

d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ Bg {díbofU-g§íbofU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo

OmVm h¡ {H$ dmVmdaU VWm d§emZwH«$‘ EH$ {g³Ho$ Ho$ Xmo nhby h¢& ¶o EH$ Xÿgao

Ho$ {bE A{V A{Zdm¶© h¢& ‘mZd {dH$mg Ho$ {bE BZH$mo EH$-Xÿgao go n¥WH²$

Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&******* *******

àJÊ¶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ àË¶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,

HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&

‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp

No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m AÝ¶ ñQ>S>r

Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ôoO {XE OmE±J|&
















Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. d§emZwH«$‘ go A{^àm¶ h¡-(1) ep³V¶m±, Xmof d JwU, Omo J^m©YmZ Ho$ g‘¶ Ztd H$mof H$mo {‘bVo h¢&

(2) do j‘VmE± Omo ~mbH$ AnZo nyd©Om| go àmßV H$aVm h¡&

(3) Bg‘| emar[aH$ d ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m± AmVr h¢&

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

2. d§emZwJVVm H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡-(1) OrÝg Ho$ Ûmam (2) H«$mo‘mogmoåg Ho$ Ûmam

(3) Ý¶yam°Ýg Ho$ Ûmam (4) g^r

3. d§eH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-(1) JmëQ>Z (2) drO‘¡Z

(3) ‘¡ÊS>b (4) gmoaoZZ

4. ‘mVm-{nVm go gÝVmZm| H$mo àmßV hmoZo dmbo JwUm| H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?(1) d§e (2) d§emZwH«$‘

(3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

5. AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$mo ........... gm‘m{OH$ g§aMZm ‘mZm OmVm h¡&(1) Jm¡U (2) JË¶mË‘H$

(3) pñWa (4) àmW{‘H$

6. ~w{Õ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) dmVmdaU (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| hr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

7. d§eH«$‘ gå~ÝYr {Z¶‘ h¡-(1) g‘mZVm H$m {Z¶‘ (2) {d{^ÝZVm {Z¶‘

(3) àË¶mJ‘Z H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cnamo³V g^r

8. ‘mVm-{nVm go d§eOm| ‘| ñWmZmÝV[aV hmoZo dmbo bjUm| H$mo H$hm OmVm

h¡-(1) n¶m©daU (2) OrZ

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm (4) hmoå¶moñQ>¡{gg

9. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s-(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡&

(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡&

10. AmZwd§{eH$Vm VWm dmVmdaU nañna h¢-1. {Z^©a 2. nyaH$

3. gh¶moJr

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

11. d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m gå~ÝY h¡-(1) d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU EH$ Xÿgao Ho$ {damoYr h¡&

(2) d§emZwH«$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ dmVmdaU Zht&

(3) OrdZ d§emZwH«$‘ d dmVmdaU H$m ¶moJ h¡&

(4) g‘ñV Xmofm| H$m H$maU dmVmdaU h¡&

12. ~mbH$m| ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ H$maU nm¶r OmVr h¡-(1) emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (2) e¡{jH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(3) AmMaU H$s {d{^ÝZVm (4) gånÝZVm H$s {d{^ÝZVm

13. AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ho$ ‘yb g§dmhH$ ‘mZo OmVo h¢-(1) àmoQ>rZ (2) {dQ>m{‘Ýg

(3) OrÝg (4) H$m~m}hmBS´>oQ²>g

14. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ D$na d§emZwH«$‘ go n‹S>Zo dmbm à^md Zht h¡-(1) emar[aH$ bjUm| na à^md

(2) ~w{Õ na à^md

(3) M[aÌ na à^md


15. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-(1) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m

(2) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m

(4) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m

16. ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ......... EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© y{‘H$m H$m {Zdm©h H$aVm h¡&(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm

(2) dmVmdaU

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m {‘lU

(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m

17. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r

à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘

(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©

18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘w»¶ ê$n go AmZwd§{eH$Vm gå~ÝYr H$maH$

h¡?(1) Am±Imo H$m a§J

(2) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ^mJrXm[aVm

(3) g‘H$j ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ g‘yh Ho$ à{V A{^d¥{Îm

(4) {MÝVZ n¡Q>Z©

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.

(4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (2) (1)






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19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go .......... Ho$ A{V[a³V g^r dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$

{dH$mg H$mo AmH$ma XoVo h¢&(1) nm¡pîQ>H$Vm H$s JwUdÎmm (2) g§ñH¥${V

(3) {ejm H$s JwUmË‘H$Vm (4) emar[aH$ JR>Z

20. ~mø dmVmdaU Ho$ AÝVJ©V {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr n[apñW{V AmVr h¡?(1) ^m¡{VH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$

(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

21. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m H$maH$ Zht h¡-(1) emar[aH$ (2) ñd^md gå~ÝYr

(3) d§emZwH«$‘ (4) amOZr{VH$

22. {nN>‹S>onZ H$m/Ho$ ‘yb H$maH$ h¡/h¢-(1) d§emZwH«$‘

(2) dmVmdaU

(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm|


23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go {H$gr ~ÀMo na AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m/Ho$

à^md h¡/h¢¡?1. {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ bjU

2. {d{eîQ> ~w{Õ

3. {d{eîQ> M[aÌ

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Ed§ 2 (4) ¶o g^r

24. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ go ~hþV loîR> h¡, bo{H$Z eara go

H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡& Amn CgHo$ {nVm go {‘bVo h¢ VWm XoIVo h¢ {H$

CgH$o {nVm ^r ~w{Õ go Vmo loîR> h¢, {H$ÝVw eara go H$m’$s H$‘Omoa h¡&

AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡?(1) nm¡pîQ>H$ ^moOZ H$m A^md

(2) {nN>bo H$B© dfm] H$s ~r‘mar

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md


25. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ, H$jm ‘| amoO AZwemgZhrZVm H$aVm h¡&

Amn Bg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m Cnm¶ AnZmE±Jo?(1) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU H$m nVm bJmH$a CgH$m ghr {Xem ‘|

‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a|Jo&

(2) N>mÌ H$mo amoO nrQ>|Jo, O~ VH$ {H$ dh H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm H$aZm

Zht N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡&

(3) ñHy$b go CgH$m Zm‘ H$mQ>Zo Ho$ {bE àYmZmMm¶© go H$h|Jo&

(4) CgH$mo BbmO Ho$ {bE {H$gr AÀN>o ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ Ho$ nmg boH$a OmE±Jo&

26. ~mbH$ ³¶m h¡? CgH$s j‘Vm ³¶m h¡? CgH$m n¶m©ßV {dH$mg ³¶m|

Zht hmo nm ahm h¡? Am{X àíZm| H$m/Ho$ CÎmaXm¶r VÎd h¡/h¢-1. d§emZwH«$‘ 2. dmVmdaU

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm|

(3) Ho$db 2 (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

27. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ ~mao ‘|

{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm gË¶ h¡?(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU XmoZm| EH$ ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| 50-50%

¶moJXmZ aIVo h¢&

(2) g‘d¶ñH$m| Am¡a {nÌ¡H$ (genes) H$m gmnoj ¶moJXmZ ¶moJmË‘H$ Zht

hmoVm&

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU EH$gmW n[aMm{bV Zht hmoVo&

(4) ghO ê$PmZ dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV h¡, O~{H$ dmñV{dH$ {dH$mg Ho$

{bE AmZwd§{eH$Vm Oê$ar h¡&

28. Amn {Xëbr Ho$ {H$gr Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejH$ h¢& AmnH$s H$jm H$m

EH$ N>mÌ A’$μOb {h‘mMb àXoe H$m ahZo dmbm h¡ VWm EH$ AÝ¶ N>mÌ

gwXrn Ho$ab H$m ‘yb {Zdmgr h¡& Amn XmoZm| Ho$ a§J, ê$n, ñd^md Am{X

‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVmE± XoIVo h¡& BgH$m à‘wI H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-(1) dmVmdaUr¶ à^md

(2) {dÚmb¶ ‘| XmoZm| H$m e¡{jH$ ñVa

(3) AmnH$s {ejU {d{Y

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

29. àË¶oH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ ‘| {d{^ÝZ h¡& Bg VÏ¶ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?1. ^m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU 2. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

3. d§emZwH«$‘

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) 1 Ed§ 2

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

30. AmO ~mbmnamY H$s KQ>ZmE± ~‹T>Vr Om ahr h¢, {OgHo$ H$maUde {ejU

àUmbr ‘| O{Q>bVmE± Am ahr h¢& AmnHo$ AZwgma BgH$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?1. Xÿ{fV d§emZwH«$‘ 2. Xÿ{fV gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

3. Xÿ{fV n[adoe

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

31. ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ûmam {ZYm©[aV gr‘mAm| Ho$ ^rVa gdm}Îm‘

gå^m{dV {dH$mg Ho$ {bE EH$ {ejH$ H$mo ³¶m H$aZm Mm{hE?(1) Cgo ~mbH$ Ho$ n[adoe ‘| gwYma H$aZm Mm{hE&

(2) Cgo ~mbH$ H$mo A{YH$-go-A{YH$ nwñVH$ n‹T>Zo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&

(3) Cgo Iob-Hy$X ‘§o A{YH$-go-A{YH$ ^mJ boZo H$s gbmh XoZr Mm{hE&

(4) Cgo {dH$mg Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31.

(4) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)















32. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àH$ma Ho$ {dH$mg na AmZwd§{eH$Vm Ed§

dmVmdaU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡?1. gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg


3. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

4. emar[aH$ {dH$mg

(1) Ho$db 4 (2) 1 Ed§ 2

(3) 1,2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

33. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ bjU à^m{dV hmoVm h¡-(1) Ho$db {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go

(2) Ho$db ‘mVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go

(3) ‘mVm Ed§ {nVm XmoZm| Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go

(4) Z Vmo ‘mVm Ho$ Am¡a Z hr {nVm Ho$ S>r.EZ.E. go

34. ~mbH$ Ho$ gånyU© ì¶dhma H$s g¥pîQ> ........... Am¡a ........... H$s AÝV…

{H«$¶m Ûmam hmoVr h¡&(1) ‘mVm-{nVm Ho$ ì¶dhma

(2) CgHo$ {‘Ìm|, ^mB©-~hZm| Ho$ ì¶dhma

(3) CgHo$ {ejH$m|, A{^^mdH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma

(4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm, dmVmdaU

35. ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgHo$ n[adoe H$m Omo à^md Cg na n‹S>Vm h¡, Cgo

h‘ .......... H$hVo h¢&(1) nmbZ-nmofU (2) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) n[adoe Ho$ bm^

36. n[adoe Ho$ à^md, ‘mZd Ho$ ........... Am¡a .......... XmoZm| MaUm| ‘|

~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© h¢&(1) gm‘m{OH$, Am{W©H$

(2) g‘mO, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ejm

(3) àgd-nyd©, àgd Ho$ CnamÝV

(4) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ ‘| {dH$mg

37. ~mbH$ H$mo Omo ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± ........... go àmßV hmoVr h¡, CZH$m {dH$mg

........... ‘| hmoVm h¡&(1) dmVmdaU, d§emZwH«$‘ (2) d§emZwH«$‘, dmVmdaU

(3) n[adma, {dÚmb¶ (4) g‘mO, n[adma

38. ~mbH$ Ho$ gå¶H²$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| {H$ZH$m gh¶moJ

gdm©{YH$ A{Zdm¶© h¡?(1) CgHo$ {dÚmb¶ Am¡a n[adma H$m

(2) CgHo$ d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m

(3) CgHo$ n[adma Am¡a g‘mO H$m

(4) CgHo$ g‘mO Am¡a amîQ´> H$m

39. ê${M¶m|, ‘ybàd¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ ñdm^m{dH$ AmdoJm| H$m ñdñW {dH$mg hmo

gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-(1) d§emZwH«$‘ ñdñW hmo

(2) ~mbH$ H$m ñdmñÏ¶ AÀN>m hmo

(3) ‘mVm-{nVm {e{jV hmo

(4) dmVmdaU {Og‘| ahVm h¡, ñdñW hmoZm Mm{hE&

40. ~mbH$ na dmVmdaU {H$g àH$ma H$m à^md S>mbVm h¡?(1) emar[aH$ g§aMZm na à^md

(2) ~w{Õ na à^md

(3) ì¶p³VËd na à^md

(4) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg na à^md

ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-

(1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr

(3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr

41. d§emZwH«$‘ ~mbH$ H$mo {H$g$ T>§J go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡?1 emar[aH$ JwUm| na à^md

2 ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| na à^md

3 ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| na à^md

4 ì¶mdgm{¶H$ H$m¡ebm| na à^md

(1) Ho$db 1 ghr (2) Ho$db 2 ghr

(3) Ho$db 3 ghr (4) g^r 1 go 4 ghr

42. {ZåZ ‘| go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s {df¶dñVw H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m h¡?(1) n[adV©ZerbVm (2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m à^md

(3) O{Q>bVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

43. {dÚmb¶ dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| ‘| go ~w{Õ H$mo

gdm©{YH$ à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) AZwemgZ (2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mH$bmn

(3) nmR²>¶H«$‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

44. ‘ÝX~w{Õ ‘mVm-{nVm H$s gÝVmZ ‘ÝX~w{Õ VWm à{V^membr ‘mVm-

{nVm H$s gÝVmZ Vrd« ~w{Õ dmbr hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{gÕ emoY {ZîH$f©

gd©àW‘ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo {X¶m Wm?(1) {JãgZ Zo (2) JmoS>mS>© Zo

(3) J¡argZ Zo (4) {Jb’$moS>© Zo

45. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñÌ¶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡?(1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&

(2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡&

(3) g§ñH¥${V, ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡&

(4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡&

32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45.

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46. ¶{X ‘mVm-{nVm AnZo ~mbH$m| ‘| nañna ôX^md H$aVo h¢, Vmo Eogo

n[adoe ‘| ~mbH$m| H$m {dH$mg {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g àH$ma hmoJm?(1) B©î¶m©¶w³V (2) {ZînjVmnyU©

(3) gm‘mÝ¶ (4) njnmVnyU©

47. CÀM ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE± d§emZwH«$‘ H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& gd©àW‘ Cnamo³V

VÏ¶ H$s nwpîQ> {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$s Wr?(1) S>m{d©Z (2) JmëQ>Z

(3) e¡ëS>Z (4) dmQ>gZ

48. ‘mVm-{nVm H$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmAm| H$m gÝVmZm| ‘|

hñVmÝVaU hmoZm d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) Ooåg S´>oda H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m

(3) ~r. EZ. Pm H$m (4) ê$W ~|{S>³Q> H$m

49. dmVmdaU dh ~mhar ep³V h¡, Omo h‘| à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ

h¡-(1) dwS>dW© H$m

(2) am°g H$m

(3) {Oñ~Q>© H$m

(4) EZmñQ>ar H$m

50. Ag‘m¶moOZ, ì¶p³V Am¡a CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| AgÝVwbZ H$m CëboI

H$aVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) ~mo[a¨J H$m

(2) b¢J’o$ëS> H$m

(3) JoQ²>g d AÝ¶ H$m

(4) S´>oda H$m

51. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ H$m AW© dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ YamVb na dmVmdaU go

n¶m©ßV gm‘§Oñ¶ H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) b¡S>ob H$m (2) S´>oda H$m

(3) pñH$Za H$m (4) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m

52. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) Mmoar H$aZm

(2) n‹T>Zo ‘| Aê${M hmoZm

(3) Iob-Hy$X ‘| ‘Z bJmZm


53. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go ~mb-AnamY H$s loUr ‘| aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) ‘mVm-{nVm H$s ~mV Z ‘mZZm

(2) JÝXr ^mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

(3) AmdmamJXu H$aZm

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

54. dh à{H«$¶m {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘mVm-{nVm ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$

~ÀMo ‘| g^r gH$mamË‘H$ JwU h¢, ³¶m|{H$ EH$ JwU gH$mamË‘H$ h¡,

H$hbmVr h¡-(1) n[adoe H$m à^md (2) hmdWm}Z H$m à^md

(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) à{Vbmon n[adoe H$m à^md

55. Xmo Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| H$mo Xmo AbJ-AbJ ñWmZ na aIm OmVm h¡& EH$

ñWmZ na Ohm± Y‘©, g§ñH¥${V, g§ñH$ma Am{X H$m dmVmdaU h¡, dht

Xÿgao ñWmZ na AÝY{dídmg Am¡a ê${‹T>dmX H$m dmVmdaU h¡& ~ÀMm| Ho$

~‹S>o hmoZo na CZHo$ {dMmam| na à^md S>mbZo dmbm dmVmdaUr¶ H$maH$

hmoJm?(1) ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ (2) gm‘m{OH$ H$maH$

(3) Am{W©H$ H$maH$ (4) gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$

*******

46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55.

(1) (2) (3) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4)

AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB© H$a

aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$

ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m

H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

AmnHo$ ³bmg Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| {ejm g§~§Yr g^r à{V¶moJr narjm Ho$ nong©,

‘m°S>b nong© Ed§ AÝ¶ AÜ¶¶Z gm‘J«r ôOr OmEJr& AmnH$m ewê$ go ‘mJ©Xe©Z

{H$¶m OmEJm, Vm{H$ Amn à{V¶moJr narjm ‘| A{VerK« g’$bVm àmá H$a gH|$&

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$

15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV

g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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àJÊ¶ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 63



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AÜ¶m¶ 5

A{YJ‘

5.1 àñVmdZm{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡ ³¶m|{H$ {ejm

‘Zmo{dkmZ A{YJ‘ H$m {dkmZ h¡& A{YJ‘ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à[H«$¶m h¡ VWm

{H$gr ^r {ejm àUmbr ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ EH$ OÝ‘OmV

A{YJ‘erb àmUr h¡& BgH$m CXmhaU h‘| ‘hm^maV H$mb go àmá hmoVm h¡&

‘hm^maV H$mb ‘| dra A{^‘Ý¶w Zo ‘m± Ho$ J^© ‘o§ hr MH«$ì¶yh Vmo‹S>Zo H$m kmZ

àmá {H$¶m Wm& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡, {Oggo AmO {díd Zo BVZr

A{YH$ àJ{V Am¡a {dH$mg H$mo àmá H$a {b¶m h¡& h‘ N>mÌ H$mo {e{jV H$aZm

MmhVo h¡, Omo dmñV{dH$ ê$n go grIZm ¶m A{YJ‘ hr h¡, {Oggo dh {ejm

àmá H$aVm h¡&

5.2 A{YJ‘ H$m AW©A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡ grIZm& A{YJ‘ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡, Omo OÝ‘OmV

à{V{H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡& ì¶p³V AnZr OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm¶m| go ào[aV hmoH$a

Omo {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡ CgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh {H$gr ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘|

AmVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na Bg ZdrZ n[apñW{V Ûmam

AnZr àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> Zht H$a nmVm h¡, Vmo dh Bg n[apñW{V Ho$ gmW

g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡& n[aUm‘V… dh AnZo CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo

N>mo‹S> XoVm h¡, Omo C³V n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Zht hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ZdrZ n[apñW{V

Ho$ AZwHy$b ì¶dhmam| H$mo AnZmZo bJVm h¡& Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶dhma AZw^dm|

Ho$ AmYma na n[ad{V©V Am¡a n[a‘m{O©V hmoVo ahVo h¢& CXmhaUmW©, {eew Ho$

gm‘Zo XrnH$ bo OmZo na dh ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go CgH$s bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {b¶o

hmW ~‹T>mVm h¡, {H$ÝVw bm¡ hmW ‘| bJVo hr Cgo ObZ H$m AZw^d hmoVm h¡ Am¡a

dh hmW ItM boVm h¡& nwZ… O~ H$^r CgHo$ gm‘Zo XrnH$ bm¶m OmVm h¡ V~

dh AnZo AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na A~ H$s ~ma bm¡ H$mo nH$‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE hmW Zht

~‹T>mVm h¢ daZ² dh Cggo Xÿa ^mJZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma AZw^d Ho$

AmYma na CgHo$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmo OmVm h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$

AÝVJ©V Bg àH$ma Ho$ ñdm^m{dH$ ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo àJ{Verb n[adV©Z ¶m

n[a‘mO©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢&

5.3 A{YJ‘ H$s n[a^mfmE±‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^J‘ Ho$ AW© Ed§ {H«$¶m H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AnZo

AZwgma grIZo H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE±

{ZåZ[b{IV h¢-

1. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶dhma Ho$ AO©Z ‘| CÝZ{V H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo A{^J‘ H$hVo h¢&

2. H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

kmZ Am¡a A{^d¥{Îm H$s àm{á hr A{YJ‘ h¡&

3. JoQ²>g Ho$ AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m emoY h¡&

4. JwWar Ho$ AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| {^ÝZ T>§J go H$m¶© H$aZo H$s j‘Vm h¡, Omo n[apñW{V

Ho$ AZwgma nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ H$maU AmVr h¡&

5. Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© Ho AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘

go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. nrb Ho$ AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ ì¶[³V ‘| ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ n[adV©Zm| Ho$

AZwgaU go hmoVm h¡&

7. qH$½Obo VWm J¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶dhma H$m Aä¶mg ¶m QóqZJ Ûmam OÝ‘

hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cg‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&

8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶dhma Ho$ H$maU ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&

9. H$m°b{dZ Ho$ AZwgma-

nhbo go {Z{‘©V ì¶dhma ‘| AZw^dm| Ûmam hþE n[adV©Z H$mo A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢&

10. ‘m°J©Z Am¡a {Jbrb¡ÊS> Ho$ AZwgma-

A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| Hw$N> n[a‘mO©Z h¡, Omo H$‘

go H$‘ Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ {bE àmUr Ûmam YmaU {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

11. ‘’$s© Ho$ AZwgma-

grIZm ì¶dhma Am¡a ÑpîQ>H$moU XmoZm| H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&

12. brO Ho$ AZwgma-

AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n, ì¶dhma ‘| àX{e©V n[adV©Z hr A{YJ‘ h¡&











n¥îR> 64 A{YJ‘ àJÊ¶




13. hoZar pñ‘W Ho$ AZwgma-

AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Z¶o ì¶dhma H$m dU©Z AWdm nwamZo ì¶dhma H$m

gwÑ‹T>rH$aU hr A{YJ‘ h¡&

14. {hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma

grIZm dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| Z¶r {H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡ AWdm gm‘Zo AmB©

n[apñW{V Ho$ AZwHy$b Cg‘| C{MV n[adV©Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

15. Or.S>r. ~m°O Ho$ AZwgma

A{YJ‘ EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam ì¶[³V {d{^ÝZ AmXV|, kmZ Ed§ ÑpîQ>H$moU

gm‘mÝ¶ OrdZ H$s ‘m±Jm| H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE A{O©V H$aVm h¡&

16. àogr Ho$ AwZgma

A{YJ‘ EH$ AZw^d h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam H$m¶© ‘| n[adV©Z Ed§ g‘m¶moOZ hmoVm h¡ VWm

ì¶dhma H$s {d{Y àmá hmoVr h¡&

17. Ebo³OoÊS>a Ho$ AZwgma

A{YJ‘ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m¶moª VWm àmUr H$s {deofVmoAm| ‘| H«${‘H$ g§emoYZ

H$s à{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& ¶h AmÝV[aH$ VWm ~mø H$maUm| Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVm h¡ Ed§ ¶h

g‘m¶moOZ VWm AZwHy$brH$aU H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡&

18. Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Ho$ AZwgma

A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡ {OgHo$ Ûmam EH$ Ord, EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| CgHo$ AÝV… {H«$¶m

Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ì¶dhma H$m EH$ ZdrZ à{Vê$n A{O©V H$aVm h¡, Omo Hw$N> A§e

VH$ pñWamoÝ‘wI ahVm h¡ VWm Ord Ho$ gm‘mÝ¶ ì¶dhma à{V‘mZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&

19. CX¶ nmarH$ H$o AZwgma

A{YJ‘ kmZmË‘H$, Jm‘H$ AWdm ì¶dhmaJV {Zdoem| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na

CZHo$ à^mdmË‘H$ Ed§ {d{^ÝZ à¶moJ hoVw A{YJ«hU, AmË‘rH$aU d AmÝVarH$aU H$aZo

VWm AmJm‘r ñdMm{bV A{YJ‘ H$s ~‹T>r hþB© j‘Vm H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&

20. S>m°. {Xp½dO¶ nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma

A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| gmno{jH$ ñWm¶r n[adV©Z h¡ Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hmoVm

h¡& ¶h n[adV©Z {Xem {deof ‘| hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶[³V H$s {dÚ‘mZ àoaH$ AdñWmAm|

H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡&

Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ EH$ A{O©V {H«$¶m h¡ Omo

à{ejU go àmá hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ‘Zwî¶ H$m à¶ËZ g{ÝZ{hV h¡&

‘Zwî¶ Bgo AmXV, kmZ Am¡a ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| go àmá H$aVm h¡, {Oggo OrdZ H$s

‘m±J nyar hmoVr h¡ & Bgo ‘Zwî¶ ZB© n[apñW{V¶m| go AZwHy$bZ H$aH$o àmá H$aVm

h¡& AV… OrdZ H$s g’$bVm Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ AË¶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡&

A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr n[a^mfmAm| H$m JhZ AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo na {ZåZ VÏ¶

gm‘Zo AmVo h¢-

1. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&

2. ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z nyd© AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡&3. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Z H$m à^md Hw$N> g‘¶ VH$ ~Zm ahVm

h¡&

4. A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma H$m n[a‘mO©Z h¡&

5. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm n[adV©Z ~mø ê$n go {XImB©

Xo ^r gH$Vm h¡ ¶m Zht ^r&

6. A{YJ‘ Ho$ Ûmam {ejmWu Ho$ kmZmË‘H$, ^mdmË‘H$ VWm {H«$¶mË‘H$

njm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

5.4 A{YJ‘ H$m ñdê$ngrIZo H$mo n[adV©Z, gwYma, {dH$mg, CÝZ{V VWm g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ Vwë¶ ‘mZm

OmVm h¡& ¶h Ho$db ñHy$b H$s {ejm, gmB©{H$b MbmZo, n‹T>Zo ¶m Q>mBn H$aZo

VH$ gr{‘V Zht ~pëH$ ¶h EH$ {demb eãX h¡, {OgH$m ì¶[³V na Jham à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| g^r ‘Zwî¶m| H$m AnZm-AnZm AbJ ÑpîQ>H$moU h¡,

Hw$N> bmoJm| Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. J¡ñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU

Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$m AmYma J¡ñQ>mëQ> T>±mMo na {Z^©a h¡&

grIZm gånyU© pñW{V H$s gånyU© à{V{H«$¶m h¡&

2. ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU

ì¶dhmadm{X¶m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ [gImZm AZw^d Ho$ n[aUm‘ Ho$ Vm¡a na ì¶dhma

‘| n[adV©Z H$m Zm‘ h¡& ‘Zwî¶ VWm Xÿgao àmUr dmVmdaU ‘| à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢&

~ÀMm OÝ‘ go hr AnZo dmVmdaU go Hw$N> grIZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡&

3. hmoa{‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU

¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h grIZo Ho$ bú¶ Ho$pÝÐV ñdê$n na Omoa

XoVm h¡& grIZm bú¶ H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. à¶ËZ VWm ^yb ÑpîQ>H$moU

¶h ÑpîQ>H$moU Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s XoZ h¡& CgZo {~pëb¶m|, Hw$Îmm| VWm ‘N>{b¶m| na

~hþV go à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbm {H$ do à¶ËZ VWm ^yb go ~hþV Hw$N>

grIVo h¢&

5. grIZo H$m ’$sëS> ÑpîQ>H$moU

Bg ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m à{VnmXZ H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo {H$¶m h¢& CÝhm|Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ grIZm

n[apñW{V H$m àË¶j kmZmË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎdnyU©

hmW h¡&

5.5 A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$ì¶dhma n[adV©Z H$mo hr A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm H$hVo h¢& Bg AmYma na Omo VÎd

ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, do VÎd hr grIZo H$mo {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘|

à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& bo{H$Z ì¶p³V ¶m ~mbH$ H$m ì¶dhma Vmo àË¶j ê$n go

{XImB© XoVm h¡ bo{H$Z A{YJ‘ {XIm¶r Zht XoVm& ¶h V~ hr {XIVm h¡, O~

~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr n[apñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm h¡& ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s n«{H«$¶m ‘|

H$B© VÎd ¶m H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo grIZo H$mo ¶m A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo

h¢& ¶o H$maH$ ñd¶§ {ejH$, {dÚmWu, dmVmdaU, nmR²>¶-dñVw, ì¶dñWm, ‘mZd

g§gmYZ Am{X go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&






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Bg AmYma na ¶o H$maH$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go N>… àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-

1. {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

2. {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

3. dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

4. nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

5. A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

6. ‘mZd d ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

5.5.1 {dÚmWu go gå~pÝYV H$maH${H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo ‘| ¶m H$aZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr

h¡& ¶h {dÚmWu ¶m grIZo dmbm ¶m bZ©a H$hbmVm h¡& ¶hm± ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚmWu

{H$VZm grIoJm d {H$g àH$ma grIoJm ¶h CgH$s ‘yb-àd¥{Îm¶m|, ì¶p³VJV

{d[^ÝZVmAm|, Am¶w, ê${M d AÝ¶ ~mVm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& {dÚmWu Ho$

‘Z ‘| AZoH$m| {Okmgm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgH$s VwpîQ> dh h‘oem MmhVm h¡&

Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m AZoH$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡, Omo

{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-


{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| {dÚmWu H$m emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶ ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU©

hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡, Vmo dh AnZo A{YJ‘ ‘§o ê${M

boJm, BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© emar{aH$ H$îQ> hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m

nyam Ü¶mZ Cgr ‘§o bJ OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZo H$m¶© ‘| g‘J« ê$n go Ü¶mZ Zht

bJm nmVm& AV… A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o ~mbH$ H$m emar[aH$ ê$n go ñdñW hmoZm

A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&

2. ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶

{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ‘mZ{gH$

ñdmñÏ¶ r AË¶ÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X ~mbH$ ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ñdñW h¡,

Vmo dh {H$gr ^r H$m¶© ¶m ~mV H$mo OëXr go grI boVm h¡, Zht Vmo dh H$m¶© H$mo

grIZo ‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ bJmVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ ¶mX Zht aI nmVm&

3. grIZo H$s BÀN>m

emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶ d ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmÏ¶ Ho$ ghr hmZo na ~mbH$ ‘| {H$gr H$m¶©

H$mo grIZo H$s BÀN>m hmoZr Mm{hE& ¶{X Cg‘| H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ BÀN>m hmoVr h¡,

V~ dh H$m¶moª H$mo erK«Vm go grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ {b¶o ~mbH$m|

‘| Hw$N> nmZo H$s Mmh hmoZr Mm{hE&

4. grIZo H$m g‘¶

¶{X ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© {H«$¶m Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ {gIm¶r OmVr h¡ Vmo dh WH$mZ

‘hgyg H$aZo bJVm h¡, Bg pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ‘| {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho à{V

CXmgrZVm Am OmVr h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© r {H«$¶m {gImVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV

H$m Ü¶mZ Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ H$mo bJmVma Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ H$moB©

H$m¶© Z H$am¶m Om¶o& BgHo$ ~rM ‘| Wmo‹S>m g‘¶mÝVamb hmoZm Mm{hE&

5. A{^àaoUm H$m ñVa

àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o A{YH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaUm H$m

à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm

h¡& BgH$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ H$m¶© Vmo H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z bú¶ VH$ Zht

nhþ±M nmVm&

6. grIZo ‘| VËnaVm

O~ ~mbH$ ñd¶§ grIZo Ho$ {b¶o VËna ¶m V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡, Vmo Cg pñW{V ‘§o

~mbH$ {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Cgo Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$ AnZo

‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVm h¡, bo{H$Z ¶{X ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$

{b¶o VËna Zht hmoVm Vmo dh ¶m Vmo Cg H$m¶© H$mo grI Zht nm¶oJm Am¡a ¶{X

grI ^r boVm h¡, Vmo dh Cgo erK«Vm go ^yb Om¶oJm& AV… {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo

~mbH$ H$mo [gImZo go nhbo Cg‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V VËnaVm ¶m ê$PmZ CËnÝZ

H$aZm Mm{hE&

7. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m

{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo Ho$ {b¶o CgH$s ê$naoIm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡,

{Oggo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m gab, ñnîQ>

d ì¶dpñWV ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡ Vmo H$m¶© H$mo erK« grIm OmVm h¡

8. {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm

àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ H$s AnZr Hw$N> Z Hw$N> ‘yb^yV j‘Vm¶| hmoVr h¡ {OZH$mo AmYma

~ZmH$a hr {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {gImZm Mm{hE& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ~mbH$ H$s AÝV{Z©{hV

ep³V, gm‘Ï¶©, g§doJmË‘H$ ÑpîQ> Am{X AmVo h¢& ¶{X ~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© H$m¶©

CgH$s ‘yb^yV j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo dh H$m¶© ‘| erK«

{ZnwUVm àmá H$a boVm h¡& AV… H$m¶moª H$m à{ejU XoZo go nyd© ~mbH$ H$s

‘yb^yV j‘VmAm| H$s OmZH$mar bo boZr Mm{hE, Zht Vmo Cn¶w³V n[aUm‘ àmá

Zht hmoVo&

9. ~w{Õ ñVa

g^r {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ~w{Õ ñVa dmbo hmoVo h¢ O¡go- gm‘mÝ¶,

à{V^membr, ‘yI©, ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am{X& {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo [gImZo go nhbo

AÜ¶mnH$ H$m ¶h H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dh {Og {dÚmWu H$mo dh H$m¶© {gIm

ahm h¡, nhbo CgH$m ~w{Õ ñVa kmV H$a bo, CgHo$ CnamÝV hr Cgo H$moB© H$m¶©

{gIm¶o& O~ {dÚmWu H$mo CgHo$ ~w{Õ-ñVa VWm j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma H$moB© H$m¶©

{gIm¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Cgo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm hmoVr h¡ ¶m ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

Eogr pñW{V ‘o§ dh H$m¶moª H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&

10. ê${M

{Og àH$ma {dÚmWu ¶m ~mbH$ H$mo H$moB© H$m¶© {gImZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Amdí¶H$

hmoVr h¡, Cgr àH$ma H$m¶© Ho$ à{V {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$m hmoZm ^r Amdí¶H$

h¢& ê${M¶w³V H$m¶moª H$mo ~mbH$ OëXr grI boVm h¡ d Bggo Cg‘| AmZÝX H$s

AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡&

5.5.2 {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV H$maH${Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à[H«$¶m ‘| grIZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma

CZ H$m¶moª H$mo [gImZo dmbm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© AÜ¶mnH$ ¶m

{ejH$ Ûmam {gIm¶o OmVo h¢& {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo hmoVo h¢, Omo

A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ {OZ‘| go Hw$N> {ZåZ àH$ma h¢-















1. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma

grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr

^r H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$mo àË¶j ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& O~ {ejH$, {H$gr

{dÚmWu H$mo gh¶moJ, g‘mZVm, ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma, Am{X JwUm| Ûmam AÀN>m

ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aHo$ Cgo H$m¶© {gImVm h¡, Vmo dh {dÚmWu Cg H$m¶© ‘| ê${M

boH$a Cgo AmgmZr go d OëXr go grI boVm h¡&

2. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ

O~ VH$ {ejH$ H$mo ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ Zht hmoVm, V~ VH$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo

Hw$N> r Zht {gIm gH$Vm, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ Ûmam hr {dÚmWu H$s ê${M¶m|,

j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo nhMmZH$a Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶moª H$mo

{gIm¶m OmVm h¡&

3. {ejH$ H$m {dÚmWu go gå~ÝY

{ejH$ d {dÚmWu Ho$ ~rM ¶{X ‘Ywa gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, Vmo {dÚmWu AnZr

g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo [~Zm {H$gr {hMH$ Ho$ {ejH$ Ho$ g‘j aI XoVm h¡, Zht Vmo

dh AnZr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gwbPm Zht nmVm& ¶h pñW{V H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo

d [gImZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW ‘Ywa

gå~ÝY ~ZmZo Mm{hE&

4. {df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm

{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm ^r A{YJ‘ H$mo namoj ê$n go à^m{dV H$aVr h¡&

{df¶-dñVw H$s Cn¶mo{JVm {dÚmWu Ho$ ‘Z na AZwHy$b à^md S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a

{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ~mÜ¶ H$aVr h¡ VWm Cg‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aVr

h¡&

5. {ejU-{d{Y¶m±

{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {gImZo ‘| {ejU {d{Y¶m± AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU©

^y{‘H$m AXm H$aVr h¢& ~mbH$m| Ho$ ~w{Õ-ñVa AbJ-AbJ hmoZo Ho$ H$maU

àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ EH$ hr {d{Y go Zht grI nmVm ¶m gH$Vm& BgHo$ {b¶o {d{^ÝZ

àH$ma H$s {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {ejU-{d{Y¶m| H$m

à¶moJ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd

{ejH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd ^r {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘§o ¶m Vmo ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVm

h¡ ¶m ~mYm CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡& gm‘mÝ¶V… ¶h XoIm OmVm h¡ {H$ {Og {ejH$ H$m

ì¶p³VËd AmH$f©H$ AWm©V² dh AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| gÝVwbZ aIVm h¡, Vmo ~mbH$

CgH$s Va’$ AmH${f©V hmoVo h¢ d CgH$s Amkm H$m nmbZ ^r H$aVo h¢, Omo {H$

{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&

7. g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U

{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘¶-gmaUr H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ Bg ~mV H$m Ü¶mZ Adí¶

aIZm Mm{hE {H$ EH$ gmW bJmVma Xmo H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo Z bJm¶m Om¶o d

H${R>Z {df¶m| H$mo g‘¶-gmaUr ‘| àW‘ MaU ‘| aIZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ àmaå^

‘| ~mbH$ ‘| VamoVmOJr d ñ’y${V© hmoVr h¡ d dh ‘mZ{gH$ d emar[aH$ ê$n go

grIZo Ho$ {b¶o V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡&

8. ~mbH$ Ho$pÝÐV {ejm

{ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$ H$s àd¥{Îm d àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$aZr Mm{hE&

Bg àH$ma Xr J¶r {ejm H$m dh nyar Vah go bm^ CR>mVo h¢, ³¶m§o{H$ ¶h {ejm

CZH$s ê${M¶m|, j‘VmAm|, A{^ê${M¶m| Am{X H$mo AmYma ~ZmH$a Xr OmVr h¡,

{Oggo Ano{jV ’$b H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| Eogr hr {ejm àXmZ

H$s OmVr h¡&

9. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na kmZ

{ejH$ H$mo àË¶oH$ ~mbH$ Ho$ ~mao ‘| OmZH$mar hmoZr Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ àË¶oH$

~mbH$, Xÿgao ~mbH$ go àË¶oH$ AmYma na AbJ hmoVm h¡& {OgH$m kmZ hmoZm

{ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&

10. Aä¶mg H$m¶© H$mo XmohamZo H$s ì¶dñWm

{ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {OZ H$m¶moª H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm ahm h¡, CgH$mo

~ma-~ma CZgo XmohadmE±& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| H$m¶moª Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoVr

h¡ d ~ma-~ma Cgr H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go dh Cgo nyar Vah d AÀN>r Vah go grI

boVo h¢ d CgH$mo Á¶mXm bå~o g‘¶ VH$ AnZo ‘pñVîH$ ‘| YmaU aIVo h¢&

5.5.3 dmVmdaU go gå~pÝYV H$maH${Og àH$ma grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {dÚmWu d {ejH$ à^m{dV H$aVo h¢, Cgr

àH$ma go dmVmdaU ^r à^m{dV H$aVm h¡ {Oggo gå~pÝYV H$maH$ {ZåZ àH$ma

h¢-

1. H$jm H$m AZwemgZ

{H$gr {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$jm H$m AZwemgZ BVZm A{YH$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª ¶m

AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ A{V[a³V AÝ¶ H$moB© ~mV| Zht H$s OmVr, Vmo H$ht BVZr A{YH$

AZwemgZhrZVm nm¶r OmVr h¡ {H$ dhm± H$m¶moª Ho$ Abmdm g^r ~mVm| H$mo ñWmZ

{X¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo ¶h XmoZm| hr pñW{V ghr Zht hmoVr& BZ XmoZm| pñW{V¶m| ‘|

Vmb‘ob ~¡R>m¶o OmZo na hr Ano{jV n[aUm‘ H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&

2. {dÚmb¶ H$s pñW{V

~hþV go {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na h¢, Ohm± dmhZm| H$m emoa Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVm

h¡ ¶m Hw$N> {dÚmb¶ Eogr OJh na hmoVo h¢, Ohm± na {ZaÝVa XþJ©ÝY AmVr ahVr

h¡& BZ XmoZm| hr pñW{V ‘| ~mbH$ ¶m {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m Ü¶mZ H$m¶moª H$mo grIZo ‘|

^§J hmoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶ H$m {Z‘m©U Cn¶w³V OJh na hmoZm Mm{hE&

3. dmVmdaU

{H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo {gImZo ‘| dmVmdaU ~hþV hr Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVm h¡& ¶h

dmVmdaU nm[adm[aH$, gm‘m{OH$, gm§ñH¥${VH$ Am{X H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡,

bo[H$Z BZ g~ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡, Omo ~mbH$ H$mo Hw$N>

^r H$m¶© grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aVm h¡&

4. nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU

H$jm H$m dmVmdaU hr ~mbH$ Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ Zht hmoVm, A{nVw n[adma H$m

dmVmdaU ^r Ah‘ hmoVm h¡& AJa {H$gr n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶m| Ho$ ~rM b‹S>mB©

-PJ‹So$ ahVo h¢, Vmo dhm± na nb aho ~ÀMm| na BgH$m grYm à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

AV… ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg dmVmdaU go ~MmZo Ho$ {b¶o n[adma ‘| ñZohnyU© dmVmdaU






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hmoZm Mm{hE&

5. {df¶ gm‘J«r H$s àH¥${V

~mbH$m| H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gImZo Ho$ {b¶o Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r à¶w³V H$aZr

Mm{hE Omo dmVmdaU ‘| gwJ‘Vm go àmá hmo Om¶o& Eogr {df¶-gm‘J«r Ho$ gmW

{dÚm{W©¶m|§ H$mo Vmb-‘ob ¶m g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

6. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maH$m| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amngr gh¶moJ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm Am{X

AmVr h¡, {Oggo H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ghr ~Zm ahVm h¡& Eogo dmVmdaU ‘|

{dÚmWu {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo AmgmZr go grI boVm h¡&

7. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo g^r g‘mO Ho$ ar{V-[admO, ‘mÝ¶VmAm|, AmXemoª d ‘yë¶m| Am{X

H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go g‘PZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE& {Oggo dh Amngr

‘VôX H$mo ^ybH$a, Amngr gh¶moJ go kmZ àmá H$a, Hw$N> grI gH|$&

5.5.4 nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV H$maH$

{ZåZ àH$ma go h¢-

1. nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V

nmR²>¶dñVw H$s àH¥${V gab, ñnîQ> d g‘PZo ¶mo½¶ hmoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo g^r

{dÚmWu AmgmZr go Cgo g‘PH$a CgH$m Cn¶moJ H$a gH|$& ¶h àH¥${V g^r

{df¶m| Ho$ {b¶o AbJ-AbJ hmoZr Mm{hE& Vm{H$ àË¶oH$ {df¶ H$mo gabVm go

g‘Pm Om gHo$&

2. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU Ed§ g§íbofU

nmR²>¶dñVw H$m {díbofU d g§íbofU H$aZo go VmËn¶© nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo àË¶¶m|,

{gÕmÝVm|, VÏ¶m|, ^mfm, gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU Am{X ‘| ~m±Q>Zo go h¡& Bg‘| ~m±Q>H$a

{dÚmWu AnZo CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$a gH$Vm h¡ d Cg‘| CÝZ{V H$a gH$Vm h¡&

3. nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n

nmR²>¶dñVw H$m àmê$n gabVm go O{Q>bVm H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE& Bg àH$ma

Ho$ àmê$n go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo g‘PZo ‘| gabVm ‘hgyg hmoVr

h¡, ³¶m|{H$ nhbo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nmR²>¶dñVw go gå~pÝYV gab ~mVm| H$m kmZ

H$am¶m OmVm h¡, ~mX ‘| O{Q>b& Bg Vah go n‹T>mZo ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmR²>¶dñVw

Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ hmoZo bJVr h¡&

4. CÔoí¶m| H$m kmZ

{ejm Ho$ {H$gr ^r joÌ ‘|, {H$gr ^r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo go nhbo AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo

CÔoí¶m| H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$a boZm Mm{hE& Bggo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m CËgmh dY©Z hmoVm

h¡ Am¡a ¶h r nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ {H$g {dÚmWu Zo {H$VZr d H$hm± VH$ àJ{V H$s

h¡ Am¡a H$hm± na CgZo JbVr H$s h¡& ¶{X {dÚmWu CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| H$ht JbVr

H$aVm h¡, Vmo AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚmWu H$mo Xmo~mam go g‘PmH$a,

Cgo H$m¶© H$aZo ¶m grIZo Ho$ {b¶o ào[aV H$ao& Bg AmYma na dh AnZo bú¶

VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hmoVr h¡&

5. grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m±

{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ kmZ-àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo {df¶-

gm‘J«r go gå~pÝYV grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ hmoZm Mm{hE& ¶o {d{Y¶m±

O¡go- Iob {d{Y, {H«$¶m-{d{Y, H$aHo$ grIZo H$s {d{Y, ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y Am{X

hmoVr h¡, {OZH$m à¶moJ ~mbH$ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm d ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwgma {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. CXmhaU àñVwVrH$aU

AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ g‘j {df¶ dñVw H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ Cggo gå~pÝYV

Eogo CXmhaU àñVwV H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {dÚmWu AmgmZr go nmR> H$mo g‘P

gHo$& BgH$m H«$‘ {d{eîQ> go gm‘mÝ¶ H$s Amoa hmoZm Mm{hE&

7. Ñí¶ Ed§ lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ

AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo {H$gr à{H«$¶m ‘| gab d ñnîQ> ^mfm e¡br H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

Mm{hE& H$ht H$ht na A{YH$ bå~o d H${R>Z eãX hmoVo h¢& BZ dm³¶m| d eãXm|

H$mo AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo gab d AnZo eãXm| ‘| {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV H$aZm

Mm{hE, {Oggo dh H${R>Z go H${R>Z VÏ¶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P gH|$&

5.5.5 A{YJ‘ ì¶dñWm go gå~pÝYV H$maH$AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YJ‘ H$s Hw$N> AmYw{ZH$V‘ {d{Y¶m| H$mo kmV

{H$¶m h¡ {OZHo$ Ûmam {H$gr {df¶ H$mo gabVm, gwJ‘Vm d erK«Vm go grIm Om

gH$Vm h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. gånyU© ~Zm‘ IÊS> {d{Y

Bg {d{Y Ho$ AmYma na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V ~‹T>Vr h¡& gånyU© {d{Y ‘|

{dÚmWu grIZo Ho$ nyao {Z¶‘m|, ~mVm| d eVmoª H$mo EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$a boVm

h¡& O~{H$ IÊS> {d{Y ‘| nyao grIZo Ho$ {Z¶‘m| d ~mVm| H$mo N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o IÊS>m|

‘| {d^³V H$aHo$ EH$-EH$ IÊS> H$aHo$ {gIm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- {hÝXr H${dVm

H$mo grIZo ‘| gånyU© {d{Y bm^Xm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ {H$gr boI VWm gm{hË¶

H$mo ¶mX H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o IÊS> {d{Y Cn¶moJr {gÕ hmoVr h¡&

2. Cn{df¶ ~Zm‘ g§Ho$pÝÐ¶ {d{Y

Cn{df¶ {d{Y ‘| {dÚmWu H$s Am¶w d ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa H$m Ü¶mZ aIH$a {H$gr

H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ~ma ‘| {gIm¶m OmVm h¡, O~{H$ g§Ho$pÝÐ¶ {d{Y ‘§o {H$gr

H$m¶© H$mo Ho$db EH$ ^mJ ‘o§ {gIm¶m Zhr§ Om gH$Vm&

3. Am¶mo{OV ~Zm‘ àmg§{JH$ {d{Y

àmg§{JH$ {d{Y ‘| {H$gr EH$ {df¶ H$mo Ho$ÝÐ ‘mZH$a Cgo {dÚmWu H$mo {gIm¶m

OmVm h¢ Bg {df¶ ¶m {H«$¶m H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ dh AÝ¶ {Z¶‘ ¶m ~mV| ^r

AH$ñ‘mV² ¶m AMmZH$ hr {gIm {X¶o OmVo h¢, O~{H$ AÜ¶mnH$ Zo Bgo {gImZo

Ho$ {b¶o H$moB© {deof ¶moOZm Zht ~Zm¶r hmoVr h¡, {’$a ^r dh {dÚmWu H$mo {df¶

kmZ ^br-^m±{V Xo nmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| kmZ H$mo EH$ BH$mB© ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

O~{H$ Am¶mo{OV {d{Y ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ Ûmam grIZo H$m àË¶oH$ MaU nhbo go hr

{ZpíMV ¶m {Z¶{‘V H$a {b¶m OmVm h¡ d {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o

H$m¶© {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. g§H${bV ~Zm‘ {dV[aV {d{Y

O~ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo EH$ hr gÌ ‘| {~Zm {H$gr {dam‘ Ho$ nyU© H$a XoVo h¢, Vmo Cgo















g§H${bV {d{Y H$hVo h¢& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| H$m¶moª ¶m {df¶-dñVw ‘o§ AÝVamb

aIH$a nyU© H$s OmVr h¡& g§H${bV {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$s grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M

~Zr ahVr h¡& {dV[aV {d{Y ‘| grIZo ‘| WH$mdQ> Zht hmoVr d grIm J¶m kmZ

bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| ñWm¶r ê$n go ~Zm ahVm h¡&

5. g{H«$¶ ~Zm‘ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y

g{H«$¶ {d{Y ‘§o {dÚmWu {H$gr {df¶ ¶m H$m¶moª Ho$ {Z¶‘m| H$mo Omoa-Omoa go

¶m Yrao-Yrao ~mobH$a ¶mX H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, O~{H$ {ZpîH«$¶ {d{Y

‘| {dÚmWu {df¶ go gå~pÝYV {Z¶‘m| d eVmoª H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z n‹T>H$a H§$R>ñW

H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| g{H«$¶ {d{Y Ûmam àmá {H$¶m J¶m kmZ Á¶mXm g‘¶ VH$

‘pñVîH$ ‘| pñWa ahVm h¡&

5.5.6 ‘mZd Ed§ ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZm| go gå~pÝYV H$maH${dÚmWu H$mo AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| Ano{jV n[adV©Z bmZo Ho$ {b¶o g^r CnbãY

g§gmYZm| d òmoVm| go {‘bZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡& ¶o g§gmYZ Xmo àH$ma

Ho$ hmoVo h¢-1. ‘mZd g§gmYZ2. ^m¡{VH$ g§gmYZ

BZ XmoZm| go Ow‹S>o hþE H$maH$ Omo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢,

{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. Cn¶w³V AÜ¶mnH$

{H$gr r H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ¶m {df¶ Ho$ kmZ ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ H$s ‘w»¶ y{‘H$m hmoVr

h¡& AV… AÜ¶mnH$ ‘| {OVZm A{YH$ {df¶ dñVw gå~ÝYr Hw$ebVm, àdrUVm,

AZw^d, kmZ hmoVm h¡ dh CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo [gIm nmVm

h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n AÜ¶mnH$ d {dÚmWu XmoZm| H$mo g’$bVm àmá hmoVr h¡&

2. gm‘m{OH$ òmoV ¶m g§gmYZ

grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gm‘m{OH$ g§gmYZ {ejU H$m¶© H$mo R>rH$

àH$ma go nyam H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o H$jm, {dÚmb¶ d AÝ¶ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|

àmá hmoVo h¢ CVZr hr AÀN>r Vah go grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m g§MmbZ {H$¶m Om

gHo$Jm& AV… Ohm± AÜ¶mnH$ d {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| Á¶mXm AÝV{H©$¶m hmoVr h¡, dhm±

grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Á¶mXm g’$b d Á¶mXm ‘mÌm ‘| hmoVr h¡&

3. C{MV A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r d gw{dYmAm| H$mo àmá H$aZm

O~ {dÚmWu H$mo H$moB© ^r H$m¶© {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo gå~pÝYV gmar

{df¶ gm‘J«r ¶m Cn¶w³V gm‘J«r AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ nmg ‘m¡OyX hmoVr h¡, Vmo ¶h

‘m¡OyXJr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡& O¡go- {dkmZ {df¶

n‹T>Zo Ho$ {b¶o Cggo gå~pÝYV nmR²>¶-nwñVH$, {bIZo-n‹T>Zo H$s gm‘J«r,

nwñVH$mb¶ d à¶moJembm gå~ÝYr gw{dYm¶| Am{X àmá hmoVr h¢, Vmo Bggo

{dÚmWu H$mo {dkmZ {df¶ n‹T>Zo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

4. g‘w{MV n[apñW{V¶m±

grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~hþV-gr n[apñW{V¶m± hmoVr h¢, Omo H$m¶moª H$mo {gImZo

Ho$ {b¶o A{V Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& O¡go- grIZo Ho$ g‘¶ ~¡R>Zo H$s g‘w{MV

ì¶dñWm H$aZm, empÝVnyU© dmVmdaU CËnÝZ H$aZm, ñdmñÏ¶ gå~ÝYr kmZ,

AÜ¶mnH$ H$m {Zînj ì¶dhma Am{X& AJa grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g‘w{MV

n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ Zht H$s OmVr h¡§, Vmo BgH$m {dnarV Aga n‹S>Vm h¡&

5.6 A{YJ‘ H$s à^mdembr {d{Y¶m±{H$gr ^r ZB© {H«$¶m ¶m Z¶o nmR> H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ

{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& h‘ CZ‘| go Ho$db CÝht {d{Y¶m| H$m dU©Z H$a aho

h¢, {OZH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr

Am¡a à^mdembr nm¶m h¡& ¶o {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. H$aHo$ grIZm

S>m. ‘og H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ñ‘¥{V H$m ñWmZ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| Zht, daZ² eara Ho$

Ad¶dm| ‘| h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ~mbH$ {Og H$m¶© H$mo

ñd¶§ H$aVo h¢, Cgo do OëXr grIVo h¢& H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ Cgo H$aZo ‘| do CgHo$

CÔoí¶ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢, CgH$mo H$aZo H$s ¶moOZm ~ZmVo h¢ Am¡a ¶moOZm H$mo

nyU© H$aVo h¢& {’$a, do ¶h XoIVo h¢ {H$ CZHo$ à¶mg g’$b hþE h¢ ¶m Zht& ¶{X

Zht, Vmo do AnZr Jb{V¶m| H$mo ‘mby‘ H$aHo$, CZ‘| gwYma H$aZo H$m à¶ËZ

H$aVo h¢&

2. {ZarjU H$aHo$ grIZm

¶moH$‘ Ed§ {gångZ Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {ZarjU-gyMZm àmßV H$aZo, AmYma

gm‘J«r EH$Ì H$aZo Am¡a dñVwAm| VWm KQ>ZmAm| Ho$ ~ma ‘| ghr {dMma àmá H$aZo

H$m gmYZ h¡& ~mbH$ {Og dñVw H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, CgHo$ ~mao ‘| do OëXr

Am¡a ñWm¶r ê$n go grIVo h¢& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ {ZarjU H$aVo g‘¶ do

Cg dñVw H$mo Ny>Vo h¡ ¶m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢ ¶m CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~mVMrV H$aVo h¢& Bg

àH$ma, do AnZr EH$ go A{YH$ BpÝÐ¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢& ’$bñdê$n, CZHo$

ñ‘¥{V-nQ>b na Cg dñVw H$m ñnîQ> {MÌ A§{H$V hmo OmVm h¡&

3. narjU H$aHo$ grIZm

ZB© ~mVm| H$s ImoO H$aZm, EH$ àH$ma H$m grIZm h¡& ~mbH$ Bg ImoO H$mo

narjU Ûmam H$a gH$Vm h¡& narjU Ho$ ~mX dh {H$gr {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma, dh {OZ ~mVm| H$mo grIVm h¡, do CgHo$ kmZ H$m A{^ÝZ A§J hmo

OmVr h¢, CXmhaUmW©, dh Bg ~mV H$m narjU H$a gH$Vm h¡ {H$ J‘u H$m R>mog

Am¡a Vab nXmWmoª na ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& dh Bg ~mV H$mo nwñVH$ ‘| n‹T>H$a

^r grI gH$Vm h¡& na ¶h grIZm CVZm ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡, {OVZm {H$

ñd¶§ narjU H$aHo$ grIZm&

4. gm‘y{hH$ {d[Y¶m| Ûmam grIZm

grIZo H$m H$m¶©-ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BZ XmoZm| ‘|

gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m| H$mo A{YH$ Cn¶moJr Am¡a à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡& BZHo$

gå~ÝY ‘| H$mobog{ZH$ H$s YmaUm Bg àH$ma h¡-

~mbH$ H$mo àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo, Cgo e¡{jH$ bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoZo,

CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ H$mo CÎm‘ ~ZmZo, CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo AZwàm{UV

H$aZo, CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma H$aZo Am¡a Cg‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm VWm gh¶moJ H$s

^mdZmAm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³VJV {d{Y¶m| H$s VwbZm ‘| gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m±

H$ht A{YH$ à^mdembr h¢&






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‘w»¶ gm‘y{hH$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. dmX-{ddmX {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo AnZo {dMma

ì¶³V H$aZo Am¡a àíZ nyN>Zo H$m Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&

2. dH©$em°n {d{Y- Bg {d{Y ‘| {d{^ÝZ {df¶m| na g^mAm| H$m

Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a BZ {df¶m| Ho$ ha nhby H$m N>mÌm| Ûmam

AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

3. gå‘obZ d {dMma-JmoîR>r {d{Y¶m±- BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gr {deof

{df¶ na N>mÌm| Ûmam {dMma-{d{Z‘¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. àmoOo³Q>, S>mëQ>Z d ~o{gH$ {d{Y¶m±- BZ AmYw{ZH$ {d{Y¶m| ‘|

ì¶p³VJV Am¡a gm‘y{hH$- XmoZm| àH$ma Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ñWmZ hmoVm h¡&

àË¶oH$ N>mÌ AnZr ì¶p³VJV ê${M, kmZ Am¡a j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma

ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CgH$m grIZo H$m H$m¶© gab

hmo OmVm h¡& BgHo$ A{V[a³V, gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ H$maU Cg‘| ñnYm©, gh¶moJ Am¡a ghmZw^y{V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

5. {‘{lV {d{Y Ûmam grIZm

grIZo H$s Xmo ‘hÎdnyU© {d{Y¶m± h¢- nyU© {d{Y Am¡a Am§[eH$ {d{Y& nhbr {d{Y

‘| N>mÌm| H$mo nhbo nmR²>¶-{df¶ H$m nyU© kmZ {X¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a [’$a CgHo$

{d{^ÝZ A§Jm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Xÿgar {d{Y ‘o§ nmR²>¶-{df¶

H$mo IÊS>m| ‘| ~m±Q> {X¶m OmVm h¡& AmYw{ZH$ {dMmaYmam Ho$ AZwgma BZ XmoZm|

{d{Y¶m| H$mo {‘bmH$a grIZo Ho$ {bE {‘{lV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z

grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo gab Am¡a g’$b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE g~go A{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm

h¡- grIZo H$s pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z& ¶h V^r gå^d hmo gH$Vm h¡, O~ {dÚmb¶

H$m {Z‘m©U Bg àH$ma {H$¶m OmE {H$ Cg‘| grIZo H$s g^r {H«$¶mE± CnbãY

hm| Am¡a grIZo H$s g^r {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&

grIZo H$s ¶o g^r {d{Y¶m± ì¶[³V Ho$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& BZ

{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à¶moJ go A{YJ‘ VWm {ejU, XmoZm| hr à^mdembr hmo OmVo h¢&

5.7 A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$maA{YJ‘ Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AÝVJ©V {H$Z-{H$Z ê$nm| ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hmoVr

h¡, CgH$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo Bgo {ZåZ{b{IV ^mJm| ‘|

{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-

1. à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm

O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE {ZaÝVa à¶mg H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh

AnZo Bg à¶mg ‘| AZoH$ ^ybo ^r H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Yrao-Yrao ^ybm| ‘| H$‘r

AmVr OmVr h¡ Am¡a AÝVV… dh {~Zm yb {H$E Cg {H«$¶m H$mo ghr T>§J go H$aZm

grI boVm h¢ Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&

2. gå~Õ àË¶mdV©Z A{YJ‘

O~ ì¶p³V H$s {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY {H$gr CÔrnH$ go hmo OmVm h¡,

{OgH$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ mfm ‘| CÔrnH$ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~Õ àË¶mdV©Z

H$hVo h¢& Bg àH$ma grIZo H$mo gå~Õ àË¶mdV©Z A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

3. gyP-~yP Ûmam A{YJ‘

O~ ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m gyú‘ {ZarjU H$aHo$ CgH$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡,

Vmo Cgo gyPnyU© A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

4. AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘

O~ ‘Zwî¶ AZwH$ê$U Ûmam grIVm h¡ Vmo Cgo AZwH$aUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm

OmVm h¡& ¶h newAm| ‘§o A{YH$ nm¶m OmVm h¡& ~mbH$m| ‘| r AZwH$aU go grIZo

H$s àd¥{Îm A{YH$ nmB© OmVr h¡&

5. kmZopÝÐ¶m| Ûmam A{YJ‘

~mbH$ kmZopÝÐ¶m| go XoI, gwZ VWm AZw^d H$aHo$ ~hþV gr ~mVm| H$mo grIVm

h¡& {H$gr H$mo Hw$N> H$aVo XoIH$a h‘ ^r d¡gm H$aZo bJVo h¢ ¶m gwZH$a d¡gm

H$aZo bJVo h¢& O¡go-MbZm-{’$aZm, ~mobZm, {MÌ ~ZmZm, ¶m{ÝÌH$ H$m¶©

Am{X& Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo kmZo{ÝÐ¶m| Ûmam A{YJ‘ AWdm g§doXZ J{V

gå~ÝYr A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

6. ~w{Õ go A{YJ‘

~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$mo ~w{Õ go grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go

J{UVr¶ kmZ, VH©$, {Z~ÝY boIZ Am{X A{YJ‘& ~w{Õ go grIZo Ho$ Xmo à‘wI

ê$n h¡-1. àË¶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm2. gåàË¶¶ Ûmam grIZm

{H$gr dñVw H$m àË¶jrH$aU nyU©ê$noU H$aHo$ ~w{Õ Ho$ à¶moJ go grIZo

H$mo àË¶jrH$aU Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡& {H$gr dñVw H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$

gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ YmaUm ~ZmH$a O~ A{YJ‘ H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo gåàË¶¶ Ûmam

grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&

7. gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘

¶h ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m àH$ma h¡ Bg‘| à{V‘mAm| Am¡a àË¶¶m|

H$mo ‘mZ{gH$ nQ>b na bm¶m OmVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ n[aàoú¶ ‘| nyd© J«hU H$s JB©

à{V‘mAm| VWm àË¶¶m| H$mo Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go-{H$gr KQ>Zm H$m dU©Z H$aZo

na Cgo {H$gr nyd© gå~pÝYV KQ>Zm go Omo‹S>Zo VWm AZw^dm| H$mo J«hU H$aZo H$m

à¶ËZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hr gmhM¶© Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

8. emar[aH$ A§Jm| go A{YJ‘

‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ g{H«$¶ Z hmoZo na ì¶p³V emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam grIZo

H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ {eew amoH$a VWm n¡a {hbmH$a ¶h ~VmZo H$m

à¶mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ dh ^yIm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ emar[aH$ A§Jm| Ûmam

A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡&

9. A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘

A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥{Îm {H$gr ì¶p³V, dñVw, {H«$¶m Ho$ à{V EH$

{ZpíMV YmaUm hmoVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ûmam ì¶p³V, dñVw VWm {H«$¶m CÔrnH$ Ho$

ê$n ‘| àñVwV hmoVo h¢& Cg CÔrnH$ Ho$ à{V h‘ EH$ {ZpíMV YmaUm ~Zm boVo

h¡& ¶h YmaUm ~ZmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& Bg àH$ma A{^d¥{Îm Ûmam A{YJ‘ hmoVm h¡&

10. àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘

àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$mo g§doJmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$hm OmVm h¡& àoaUm¶| ~mbH$ Ho$















AÝV…H$aU H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¢ {Oggo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo grIZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr

h¡& O¡go- ñdV§ÌVm {Xdg na ñd§VÌVm-g§J«m‘ Ho$ Ñí¶m| H$mo àñVwV H$aZo go

h‘mao AÝV…H$aU BZgo ào[aV hmoVo h¢ VWm h‘mao AÝXa Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm

{dH${gV hmoVr h¡& ¶h Xoe-^p³V H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg g§doJ Ûmam A{YJ‘

H$hm OmVm h¡& AV… àoaUm Ûmam A{YJ‘ AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&

11. JwUm§H$Z Ûmam A{YJ‘

O~ h‘ {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ‘yë¶m| VWm JwUm| H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢ VWm BZgo à^m{dV

hmoH$a CgH$mo J«hU H$a boVo h¢, Vmo Cgo JwUm§H$Z Ûmam grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡&

5.8 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘m| H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI VrZ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$

g‘yhm| go {H$¶m J¶m h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ à‘wI {Z¶‘ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

5.8.1 A{YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢

1. N>mÌ H$mo {H«$¶merb ahZm Mm{hE VWm H$aHo$ grIZm A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&

2. A{YJ‘ ‘| Aä¶mg H$s nwZamd¥{Îm A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡& Bgo Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ H$hVo h¢&

3. A{YJ‘ ‘| nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡& dm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o YZmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ VWm Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {b¶o G$UmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&

4. àË¶¶ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {b¶o g‘mOrH$aU VWm {dôXrH$aU A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢&

5. ZdrZ ì¶dhma H$mo grIZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s A{YH$ ê${M hmoVr h¡& N>mÌ AZwH$aU go OëXr grIVo h¢&

6. Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aZo go N>mÌ OëXr grIVo h¢, ³¶m|{H$

Amdí¶H$VmE± VZmd CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢ Am¡a N>mÌ VZmd H$mo H$‘ H$aZm MmhVm h¡&

7. {Zamem Am¡a VZmd H$s pñW{V ^r A{YJ‘ ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVr h¡&

5.8.2 gyP Ho$ A{YJ‘ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV go

{dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢1. àË¶jrH$aU H$s {deofVm¶|, {H$gHo$ ~mX {H$gH$m AZwgaU hmoVm h¡&

2. {ejH$ Ho$ {b¶o kmZ H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&3. A{YJ‘ ~moYJå¶Vm Ho$ gmW A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡ VWm CgH$m

àgmaU ^r A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVm h¡&4. ghr kmZ H$s nwpîQ>, kmZmË‘H$ nw[îQ>nmofU àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

5. N>mÌ Ho$ {b¶o bú¶ {ZYm©aU, CgHo$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {b¶o àoaUm àXmZ H$aVo h¢&

6. {dHo$ÝÐrH$aU {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o {Xem àXmZ

H$aZm h¡&

5.8.3 A[YJ‘ Ho$ A{Y{Z¶‘ Omo A{^àoaU VWm ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| go {dH${gV {H$¶o J¶o h¢

1. A{YJ‘ ‘| N>mÌ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm¶| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVr h¢&

2. d§emZwH«$‘ ^r N>mÌ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&

3. A{YJ‘ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ÑpîQ> go gmno{jH$ àË¶j hmoVm h¡&

4. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌ H$m CËgwH$Vm ñVa {ZYm©[aV H$aZm

hmoVm h¡&

5. àË¶oH$ N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ KQ>H$ ^r Xÿgam| go {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&

6. N>mÌ Ho$ àoaH$ VWm ‘yë¶m| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm ^r ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&

7. gm‘y{hH$ dmVmdaU ^r A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ {b¶o ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVm h¡&

¶h A{YJ‘ {Z¶‘, {ejU Ho$ {Z¶‘m| Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE A{YH$

‘hÎdnyU© VWm ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&

5.9 A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmZo dmbo H$maH$A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m| Ho$ A{V[aº Hw$N> H$maH$ Eogo h¢, Omo

A{YJ‘ H$mo gab ~ZmVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m| H$s MMm© àmo. ~Zm©S>© Zo AnZr nwñVH$

‘| H$s h¡, Omo {H$ AÜ¶mnH$m| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-

1. A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU

¶{X A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$mo ñnîQ> h¢ Am¡a dh CZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo ñdrH$ma

H$aVm h¡, Vmo A{YJ‘ CgHo$ {bE gab hmo OmVm h¡& CÔoí¶ grIZo dmbo Ho$

{bE bú¶ ~Z OmVo h¡ Am¡a dh CZ bú¶m| H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ Amaå^

H$a XoVm h¡&

2. A{YJ‘ H$m g§H$ën

N>mÌ Ûmam grIZo H$m g§H$ën H$a boZo na A{YJ‘ gab, Vrd« Am¡a ñWm¶r

hmo OmVm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo O~ ¶h kmV hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ CZgo ³¶m Anojm H$s Om

ahr h¡, V~ CÔoí¶ {ZpíMV hmo OmVo h¢ ¶m n[aUm‘m| Ho$ n[ab{jV hmo OmZo na

A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm h¡& Eogr pñW{V ‘| N>mÌ grIZo Ho$ {bE JhZ à¶ËZ

Amaå^ H$a XoVm h¡ Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ H$m¶© na A{YH$ Ü¶mZ Ho$[ÝÐV H$aZo

bJVm h¡&

3. {dV[aV à¶ËZ

A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m bJmVma Zht MbZr Mm{hE& EH$ H$m¶© H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE

Omo à¶ËZ {H$¶o Om¶|, CZHo$ ‘Ü¶ Hw$N> AÝVa Adí¶ aIZm Mm{hE, CXmhaU

Ho$ {bE, EH$ g§JrV Ho$ ¶ÝÌ H$mo ~OmZm grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr {XZ bJmVma

7 KÊQ>m| VH$ Aä¶mg H$aZo H$s Anojm Xmo gámh VH$ à{V{XZ AmYm KÊQ>m

Aä¶mg H$admZo go grIZm A{YH$ gab Am¡a ñWm¶r hmoJm& BgH$m H$maU ¶h

h¡ {H$ bå~r Ad{Y H$s Anojm bKw Ad{Y ‘| Ü¶mZ H$mo A{YH$ Ho$pÝÐV {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr bå~r Ad{Y dmbo Aä¶mg ‘| Ìw{Q>¶m| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s ^r

gå^mdZm ahVr h¡& AVEd {dÚmb¶ ‘| H$mbm§e A{YH$ bå~o Zht hmoZo Mm{hE

Am¡a Z EH$ {df¶ Ho$ bJmVma Xmo ¶m VrZ hmoZo Mm{hE&

4. g‘J« A{YJ‘ Am¡a IÊS> A{YJ‘

{H$gr H${dVm H$mo AmÚmonmÝV EH$ gmW hr ¶mX H$aZm g‘J« A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y






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H$hbmVr h¡ Am¡a ¶{X EH$ H${dVm H$mo EH$-EH$ nX H$aHo$ ¶mX {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo

¶h IÊS> A{YJ‘ {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡& {H$gr {df¶ H$mo H$ÊR>ñW H$aZo ‘| g‘J«

{d{Y AnZmZr Mm{hE& Bggo g‘¶ H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡& Hw$emJ«-~w{Õ dmbo N>mÌm|

H$mo g‘J« {d{Y go hr grIZm gab hmoVm h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ AÜ¶¶Z

BH$mB© Ho$ AmH$ma na {Z^©a H$aoJm& ¶h gå^d Zht h¡ {H$ gånyU© nwñVH$ H$mo

N>mÌ gånyU© {d{Y go ¶mX H$a bo&

5. àJ{V H$m kmZ H$aZm

¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s àJ{V go AdJV H$am¶m Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ gab hmo OmVm

h¡& àJ{V Ho$ kmZ go N>mÌ AnZo à¶ËZm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$m narjU H$aZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶

~ZVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ AmYma na CgH$mo AnZr Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& ZmBQ>

Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, N>mÌm| Ho$ Xmo g‘wXm¶ ~Zm¶o Am¡a XmoZm| H$mo 20 KÊQ>o J{UV

n‹T>m¶m& EH$ g‘yh Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s àJ{V H$m AmboI aIm J¶m VWm CZH$mo àJ{V

go AdJV ^r H$am¶m J¶m& Xÿgao g‘yh H$mo àJ{V H$m kmZ Zht H$adm¶m J¶m&

BgH$m n[aUm‘ ¶h ahm {H$ àJ{V go AdJV g‘yh Zo Xÿgao g‘yh go 12 à{VeV

àJ{V A{YH$ H$s& àJ{V H$m kmZ N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE àoaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡&

AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo H$jm Ho$ àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$s àJ{V H$m MmQ>© ~ZmZm Mm{hE&

6. ànmR>

{H$gr ¶mX H$s JB© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$m ànmR> ^r grIZo H$mo gab ~Zm XoVm h¡&

ànmR> CÀM ñda ¶m {~Zm Üd{Z XmoZm| ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ànmR> ¶mX H$s JB©

gm‘J«r H$mo bå~r Ad{Y VH$ ñ‘aU aIZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ànmR> r grIZo

H$s EH$ {H«$¶m h¡& ànmR> go VmËn¶© Ho$db nwZJ©R>Z go Zht h¡ ~pëH$ ànmR> go

VmËn¶© {df¶-gm‘J«r H$mo ZdrZ ê$n XoZm, ZdrZ n[apñW{V ‘| à¶moJ ‘| bmZm,

{d{^ÝZ ÑpîQ>H$moU go XoIZm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ànmR> go VmËn¶© nwZH©$WZ go Z

boH$a ZdrZ n[apñÏm{V¶m| ‘| gyMZmAm| Ho$ nwZ… Cn¶moJ go boZm Mm{hE&

7. nwZñ‘©aU

A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo nwZñ‘©aU A{YH$ gab ~Zm XoVm h¡& grIVo g‘¶

nwZñ‘©aU go N>mÌ H$mo Ìw{Q>¶m| Ed§ H${R>ZmB¶m| H$m VwaÝV kmZ hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo

gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$m Aä¶mg hmoVm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo nwZñ‘©aU H$m

Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| H$mo VmËH$m{bH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$

g‘mYmZ ‘| nyd© kmZ Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ho$ {bE àmoËgm[hV H$aZm Mm{hE&

******* *******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go grIZo H$m AW© h¡-(1) {df¶-dñVw H$m kmZ

(2) {df¶-dñVw H$mo aQ> boZm

(3) ì¶dhma ‘| dm§{N>V n[adV©Z AmZm

(4) ì¶dhma ‘| gwYma

2. A{YJ‘ H$m AW© h¡-(1) ~m¡{ÕH$ kmZ

(2) ^mfm H$m ewÕ kmZ

(3) ì¶p³VËd H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg

(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm

3. grIZm go ³¶m VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡?(1) ‘Zmod¥{V ‘| n[adV©Z

(2) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z

(3) ì¶dhma ‘| AnojmH¥$V ñWm¶r n[adV©Z

(4) AZw^y{V ‘| n[adV©Z

4. A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V h¡-(1) VË¶mË‘H$Vm (2) JwU-Xmof {ddoMZ

(3) ~m¡{ÕH$Vm (4) ¶o g^r

5. Ï¶moarO Am°’$ b{ZªJ Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ Ho$ boIH$ h¢-(1) {ñH$Za (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$

(3) {hbJmS>© (4) ’«¢$S>gZ

6. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) JoQ²>g (2) dwS>dW©

(3) {ñH$Za (4) H$mohba

7. ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE grIZm-(1) gÝVmof‘¶ hmoVm h¡&

(2) H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&

(3) Iob Iob ‘| hmoVm h¡&

(4) ha Vah H$m hmoVm h¡&

8. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘-(1) kmZ H$mo aQ>Zo go hmoVm h¡&

(2) nmR²>¶nwñVH$ H$mo n‹T>Zo go hmoVm h¡&

(3) {ejH$ Ûmam kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ûmam hmoVm h¡&

(4) {H«$¶m H$aHo$ hmoVm h¡&

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

(3) (3) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3)




{‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535


















9. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ³¶m Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) ñdmZw^d (2) ñd{MÝVZ

(3) ñd{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

10. grIZo Ho$ dH«$ {H$VZo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢?(1) 2 (2) 3$

(3) 4$ (4) 5$

11. grIZm EH$ gmd©^m¡{‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo-(1) g‘ñV àm{U¶m| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&

(2) EH$ C‘« {deof Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| nm¶r OmVr h¡&

(3) g‘¶ Ho$ gmW Yrao-Yrao H$‘ hmo ahr h¡&

(4) AÜ¶mnH$ go ~mbH$ VH$ AmVr h¡&

12. A{YJ‘H$Vm© hoVw A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma hmoVm h¡-(1) n[an³dVm

(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg

(3) {dÚmb¶ H$s ~ZmdQ>


13. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡-(1) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ (2) A{YJ‘ H$s BÀN>m

(3) A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

14. grIZo Ho$ {bE AË¶{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡-(1) àoaUm H$m hmoZm

(2) {ZaW©H$ nX

(3) ñ‘¥{V ‘mnZ CnH$aU

(4) VoO J{V go n‹T>Zo H$s j‘Vm

15. A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³VJV H$maH$ h¡-(1) g§Mma Ho$ gmYZ (2) g‘d¶ñH$ g‘yh

(3) AÜ¶mnH$ (4) n[an³dVm Ed§ Am¶w

16. grIZo H$s n[aKQ>Zm ‘| Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ Zht h¡-(1) A{YJ‘H$Vm© (2) AmÝV[aH$ AdñWm

(3) àoaH$ (4) {ejH$

17. ~mbH$m| Ho$ grIZo na gdm©{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-(1) àoaUm H$m (2) ê${M H$m

(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶Vm H$m (4) emar[aH$ g§JR>Z H$m

18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ^m¡{VH$ H$maH$ grIZo ‘| ~mYH$ h¡?(1) ewÕ dm¶w (2) Cn¶w³V VmnH«$‘

(3) Cn¶w³V Yyn (4) àXÿfU

19. ‘mZdr¶ A{YJ‘ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) nwZñWm©nZm (2) {Okmgm

(3) nwZ~©bZ (4) ê${M

20. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m

nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go {H$gH$s OmZH$mar

gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE±

(2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$

(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$ Am¡a Am{W©H$ {ñW{V

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

21. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñÌ¶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma

H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ...........

MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&(1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV

(2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$

(3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$

(4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$

22. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢,

H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm

(3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm

23. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$m/Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘ h¡/h¢-(1) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (2) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘

(3) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (4) C³V g^r

24. ~mbH$ gd©àW‘ H$m¡Zgr {H«$¶m grIVm h¡?(1) ^md àXe©Z (2) n‹T>Zm

(3) {bIZm (4) MbZm

25. AZw^d Ûmam ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m (2) JoQ²>g ‘hmoX¶ H$m

(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© ‘hmoX¶ H$m

26. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?(1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo

(3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝÐ¶m| H$mo

27. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡&(1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

(4) (3) (1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (1) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV²

g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg

nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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28. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘

(2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶-nwñVH|$

(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU

(4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm

29. O~ ~ÀMo CZ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| em{‘b hmoVo h¢, Omo ......... hmoVr h¢, V~

do OëXr ........... H$aVo h¢&(1) H$jm H$j ‘| Cn¶moJr; {dñ‘aU

(2) Ho$db CZHo$ H$jm-H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV; àË¶mñ‘aU

(3) gm§ñH¥${VH$ ê$n go {Zînjr¶; ñ‘aU

(4) dmñV{dH$ OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJr; grIm

30. {ejmWu ’¡$eZ emo H$mo XoIH$a ‘m°S>ëg H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee

H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ AZwH$aU H$mo ............ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&(1) àmW{‘H$ AZwH$aU

(2) Jm¡U AZwH$aU

(3) gm‘m{OH$ A{YJ‘

(4) gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU

31. grIZo H$s VËnaVm ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡&(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘

(2) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ gm‘mÝ¶ ¶mo½¶Vm ñVa

(3) grIZo Ho$ gmVË¶H$ ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$m dV©‘mZ g§kmZmË‘H$ ñVa

(4) grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$s àH¥${V H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo

32. EH$ ~ÀMm AVrV H$s g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V ‘| H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm|

Ho$ AmYma na ZB© {ñW{V Ho$ à{V AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$ggo

gå~pÝYV h¡?(1) grIZo H$m gmÑí¶Vm {Z¶‘

(2) grIZo H$m à^md {Z¶‘

(3) grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$m A{^d¥{Îm {Z¶‘

(4) grIZo H$m VËnaVm {Z¶‘

33. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢-1. Aä¶mg 2. VËnaVm

3. AÝV…ÑpîQ>

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

34. grIZm H$moB© ............ Am¡a grYr ........... hmoVr h¡, ~pëH$ ¶h

O{Q>b, ~hþAm¶m‘r Am¡a J{Verb à{H«$¶m h¡&(1) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m (2) AmgmZ; à{H«$¶m Zht

(3) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m Zht (4) H$R>moa; à{H«$¶m

35. ñHy$b Ho$ ^rVa Am¡a ~mha, XmoZm| OJhm| na .......... H$s ..........

MbVr ahVr h¡&(1) {dH$mg; à{H«$¶m (2) ~mbH$; eamaV|

(3) grIZo; à{H«$¶m (4) {ejH$m|; àJ{V

36. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht

H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ............ H$hbmVm h¡&(1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyÝ¶ ñWmZmÝVaU

(2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU

(3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU

(4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU

37. ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶

h¡?(1) grIZm {H$gr H$s ‘Ü¶ñWVm Ho$ {~Zm Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡&

(2) ~ÀMo ì¶p³VJV ñVa na Xÿgam| go ^r {d{^ÝZ VarH$m| go grIVo h¢&

(3) grIZo Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Am¡a Xþ{Z¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ hmo nmVm

h¡&

(4) grIZm, AZw^d ¶m ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z h¡&

38. O~ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© H$mo H$aVo g‘¶ nyd© ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Ûmam ~mYm

Cn{ñWV H$s OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg {ñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢-(1) eyÝ¶ ñWmZmÝVaU

(2) G$UmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU

(3) YZmË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU


39. O~ EH$ {ejU dH«$ aoIm ¶h àH$Q> H$aVr h¡ {H$ àmapå^H$ à¶mgm| ‘|

grIZo H$s J{V Vrd« h¡ {H$ÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ¶h J{V H«$‘e… ‘§X

hmoVr Mbr OmVr h¡, Vmo Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ejU H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?(1) G$UmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (2) AmoOmBd

(3) YZmË‘H$ {ejU dH«$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

40. grIZo Ho$ dH«$-(1) grIZo H$s àJ{V Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&

(2) grIZo H$s ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&

(3) grIZo Ho$ JË¶mË‘H$ ñdê$n Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&

(4) grIZo H$s aMZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gyMH$ h¢&

41. grIZm g‘¥Õ hmo gH$Vm h¡ ¶{X-(1) dmñV{dH$ Xþ{Z¶m go CXmhaUm| H$mo H$jm ‘| bm¶m OmE, {Og‘| {dÚmWu

EH$-Xÿgao go AÝV…{H«$¶m H$ao Am¡a {ejH$ Cg à{H«$¶m H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmE&

(2) H$jm ‘| A{YH$ go A{YH$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&

(3) {ejH$ {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ ì¶m»¶mZ Am¡a ñnîQ>rH$aU H$m à¶moJ H$a|&

(4) H$jm ‘| Amd{YH$ narjmAm| na Ano{jV Ü¶mZ {X¶m OmE&

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41.

(3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1)






















42. {ZåZ ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgo H$WZ H$mo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s {deofVm Zht

‘mZZm Mm{hE?(1) e¡{jH$ g§ñWmZ hr EH$‘mÌ ñWmZ h¡, Ohm± A{YJ‘ àmßV hmoVm h¡&

(2) grIZm EH$ ì¶mnH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&

(3) grIZm bú¶moÝ‘wIr hmoVm h¡&

(4) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&

43. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$WZ H$mo grIZo Ho$ bjU Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht

‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) grIZm EH$ Eogr MrO h¡, Omo Hw$N> AZw^dm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n K{Q>V

hmoVm h¡&

(2) ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z grIZm h¡&

(3) AZ-A{YJ‘ ^r grIZo H$m EH$ {hñgm h¡&

(4) grIZm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma ‘| ‘Ü¶ñWVm H$aVr h¡&

44. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a àË¶mñ‘aU ‘|

{ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡&

(2) nyd© nmR>m| H$mo XmohamZo H$m ¶h à^mdr VarH$m h¡&

(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡&

(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jm-AZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewéAmV h¡&

45. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AZoH$ Vah H$s gm‘y{hH$

J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| ì¶ñV aIVr h¡, O¡go- g‘yh MMm©, g‘yh n[a¶moOZmE±,

^y{‘H$m {Zdm©h Am{X& ¶h grIZo Ho$ {H$g Am¶m‘ H$mo COmJa H$aVm

h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{YJ‘

(2) ‘Zmoa§OZ Ûmam A{YJ‘

(3) ^mfm-{ZX}{eV A{YJ‘

(4) à{V¶mo{JVm-AmYm[aV A{YJ‘

46. {deof ê$n go àmW{‘H$ ñVa na {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s grIZo gå~ÝYr

g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo H$m g~go ~ohVa VarH$m h¡-(1) Aj‘Vm Ho$ AZwê$n {d{^ÝZ {ejU nÕ{V¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

(2) ‘h±Jr Am¡a M‘H$Xma ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

(3) gab Am¡a amoMH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

(4) H$hmZr-H$WZ nÕ{V H$m à¶moJ H$aZm

47. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm

Mm{hE-(1) à{VñnYm©

(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$

(3) grIZo hoVw C{MV {ñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ H$aHo$

(4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$

48. grIZo H$s A’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h

H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za

(3) ‘g}b (4) dwS>dW©

49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go grIZm {H$g àH$ma H$s J{V{d[Y h¡?(1) ì¶{³VJV (2) gm‘m{OH$

(3) ì¶mdhm[aH$ (4) ¶o g^r

50. grIZo Ho$ g’$b AZw^d A{YH$ grIZo H$s àoaUm XoVo h¢& ¶h H$WZ

{H$gH$m h¡?(1) àogr H$m (2) am°{~ÝgZ H$m

(3) ’«¢$S>gZ H$m (4) hm°a³g H$m

51. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$VZ Jm¡U {Z¶‘ ~VmE h¢?(1) 5 (2) 6

(3) 7 (4) 8

52. EH$ H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo H$m Xÿgao H$m¶© Ho$ grIZo na H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm

h¡, Vmo Bg à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU

(2) eyÝ¶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU

(3) ZJÊ¶ à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU

(4) VQ>ñW à{ejU-ñWmZmÝVaU

53. àW‘ AdñWm ‘| grIo J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n Xÿgao H$m¶© H$mo

grIZm H${R>Z hmo OmE, Vmo ¶h à{VfU-ñWmZmÝVaU hmo OmVm h¡-(1) {dYo¶mË‘H$ (2) {ZfoYmË‘H$

(3) eyÝ¶ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

54. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma XmohamZo go CgH$m gå~ÝY Ñ‹T> hmo OmVm h¡&

¶h Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ na AmYm[aV h¡?(1) VËnaVm Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (2) à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ na

(3) Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ na (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

55. grIr JB© {H«$¶m H$m AÝ¶ g‘mZ n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmZm

H$hbmVm h¡-(1) A{YJ‘ (2) A{YJ‘ ñWmZmÝVaU

(3) n[an³dVm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

56. {H«$¶m H$s g’$bVm go gÝVmof Ed§ Ag’$bVm go AgÝVmof hmoVm h¡& ¶o

H$WZ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {H$g {Z¶‘ H$mo B§{JV H$aVm h¡?(1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) à^md H$m {Z¶‘

(3) VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘ (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56.

(1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2)






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57. AmYw{ZH$ e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s g’$bVm {Z^©a

H$aVr h¡-(1) grIZo dmbo N>mÌ H$s VËnaVm na

(2) {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na

(3) grIZo dmbo H$s àoaUmAm| na

(4) grIZo H$s n[a{ñW{V VWm dmVmdaU na

58. gwIXm¶H$ à^md go gå~ÝY n³Ho$ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Xþ…IXm¶H$ à^md go

H$‘Omoa hmoVo h¢& ¶h {Z¶‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) Aä¶mg H$m {Z¶‘ (2) Cn¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘

(3) à^md H$m {Z¶‘ (4) AZwà¶moJ H$m {Z¶‘

59. ì¶dhma ‘| {g’©$ Cgr n[adV©Z H$mo grIZm H$hm OmVm h¡, Omo-(1) AÀN>m hmoVm h¡&

(2) ~wam hmoVm h¡&

(3) AÀN>m ¶m ~wam XmoZm| hmoVm h¡&

(4) Z AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Z hr ~wam hmoVm h¡&

60. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| Amn {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$goo A{YH$ ‘hÎd X|Jo?1. CËgwH$Vm 2. nwZ~©bZ

3. n[aUm‘ kmZ 4. AmH$m§jm ñVa

ghr {dH$ën MwZ|-

(1) 1,2 VWm 3

(2) 2,3 VWm 4

(3) 3,4 VWm 1

(4) 1,2 VWm 4

61. grIr JB© AZw{H«$¶m H$s A{^ì¶p³V O~ ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| hmoVr h¡,

Vmo Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) Aä¶gZ (2) AZwHy$bZ

(3) {ZînmXZ (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm

62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {ejH$ go gå~pÝYV A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV

H$aZo dmbm H$maH$ h¡?(1) {df¶-dñVw ‘| àdrUVm

(2) ~¡R>Zo H$s C{MV ì¶dñWm

(3) {ejU A{YJ‘ g§gmYZm| H$s CnbãYVm

(4) {df¶-dñVw ¶m A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| H$s àH¥${V

63. Ob ew{Õ àH$aU H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo H$m g~go C{MV VarH$m h¡-(1) MmQ>© H$s ghm¶Vm go à{H«$¶m H$mo àX{e©V H$aZm

(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo ew{ÕH$aU ßbmÝQ> H$m ‘m°S>b ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo Cg ßbmÝQ> na bo OmZm, Ohm± Ob ew{Õ H$s OmVr h¡&

(4) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ go n‹T>mZm

64. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ ~mbH$m| ‘§o A{YH$V‘ A{YJ‘ àgma hoVw

Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ à{V CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê${M

(2) H$jm H$j ‘| A{YH$m{YH$ H$m¶©

(3) J¥hH$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm

(4) boIZ H$m¶© H$s A{YH$Vm

65. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm H$mo e¡{jH$ ^«‘U na bo OmVr h¡-(1) {dÚmb¶ ‘| amoOmZm {ejU go AdH$me CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE

(2) àË¶j AdbmoH$Z Ho$ {bE ~ÀMm| H$mo Adga CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE

(3) {dÚmb¶ H¡$boÊS>a ‘| gw{ZpíMV {H«$¶mH$bmn H$aZo Ho$ {bE

(4) ~ÀMm| H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ CnbãY H$amZo Ho$ {bE

66. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ grIZo Ho$ ~mao ‘| ghr h¡?(1) grIZm Cg dmVmdaU ‘| à^mdr hmoVm h¡, Omo g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go

gH$mamË‘H$ hmo Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aZo dmbm hmo&

(2) grIZo Ho$ {H$gr ^r MaU na grIZm g§doJmË‘H$ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV

Zht hmoVm&

(3) grIZm ‘yb ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡&

(4) ~ÀMm| Ûmam H$s JB© Ìw{Q>¶m± ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVr h¢ {H$ {H$gr Vah H$m grIZm

Zht hþAm&

67. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZo {ejU ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘{J«¶m| Am¡a emar[aH$

J{V{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) do {ejH$ H$mo Amam‘ XoVo h¢&

(2) do à^mdr AmH$bZ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmVo h¢&

(3) do {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo d¡{dÜ¶ CnbãY H$amVo h¢&

(4) Bg‘| A{YH$V‘ BpÝÐ¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$aVm h¡&

68. EH$ {ejH/{e{jH$m$ gm‘mÝ¶V… {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo AbJ-AbJ H$m¶©

XoVm/XoVr h¡& dh ¶h {dídmg H$aVm/H$aVr h¡ {H$-(1) {dÚmWu EH$ O¡go H$m¶© g^r {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {XE OmZo H$mo ngÝX Zht

H$aVo&

(2) ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| à{VñnYm© H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡&

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ AÝVa hmoVo h¢&

(4) {dÚmWu EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ZH$b Zht H$a gH$Vo&

69. lì¶ {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go {H$g‘|

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) ~ÀMm| H$m boIZ gwYmaZo ‘|

(2) ~ÀMm| H$m CÀMmaU gwYmaZo ‘|

(3) ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z ‘|

(4) Cnamo³V g^r ‘|

57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69.

(1) (3) (3) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1)















70. E{nS>m¶mñH$mon CnH$aU H$m Cn¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ {bE

{H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) dñVwAm| H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go XoIZo Ho$ {bE

(2) {H$gr AnmaXeu dñVw H$mo ñH«$sZ na àjo{nV H$aZo Ho$ {bE

(3) {H$gr dñVw H$s ZH$b CVmaZo Ho$ {bE

(4) {H$gr dñVw H$mo ~‹S>m {XImZo Ho$ {bE

71. {ejU ‘erZm| H$s {deofVm hmoVr h¡-(1) ¶o {ejU g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡&

(2) BZ‘| ~mø AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE Adga {X¶m OmVm h¡&

(3) BZ‘| N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| ^r AmgmZr hmoVr h¡&

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

72. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r go N>mÌm| H$mo CÀM H$mo{Q> H$m nwZ~©bZ

àmá hmo gH$Vm h¡?(1) H$åß¶yQ>a (2) MmQ>©

(3) ao{S>¶mo (4) Q>obr{dOZ

73. H$jm AÜ¶mnZ ‘o§ Ñí¶ gmYZ Ho$ ê$n ‘o§ {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ

hmoVm h¡?(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>©

(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ

74. H$m¡Zgr {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ {bE gdm©{YH$ AmH$f©U H$m

Ho$ÝÐ hmoZr Mm{hE?(1) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (2) MmQ>©

(3) ãb¡H$~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ

75. {H$g {ejU ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$mo V¡¶ma H$aZo H$m Adga ~mbH$mo§ H$mo

^r {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE?(1) J«m’$ (2) MmQ>©

(3) ~wbo{Q>Z ~moS>© (4) aoIm{MÌ

76. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H¡$gr Zht hmoZr Mm{hE?(1) {ejU Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$

(2) gwÝXa VWm AmH$f©H$

(3) ~mbH$ H$mo {dM{bV H$aZo dmbr

(4) ~mbH$m| H$r ê${M H$mo ~‹T>mZo dmbr

77. ~mbH$m| ‘| {ZarjU H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘XX

H$aVm h¡-(1) ^«‘U

(2) MmQ>©

(3) Z‘yZm

(4) H$åß¶yQ>a

78. dmBJmoËñH$s ~ÀMm| Ho$ grIZo ‘o§ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g H$maH$ H$s

‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m na ~b XoVo h¢?(1) AmZwd§{eH$ (2) Z¡{VH$

(3) emar[aH$ (4) gm‘m{OH$

79. í¶m‘nÅ H$mo {ejU gmYZ gm‘J«r Ho$ {H$g g‘yh ‘| gpå‘{bV {H$¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) lì¶ gmYZ (2) Ñí¶ gmYZ

(3) Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZ (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

80. í¶m‘nÅ na {bIVo g‘¶ g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?(1) AÀN>r {bImdQ> (2) boIZ ‘| ñnîQ>Vm

(3) ~‹S>o Ajamo§ ‘o§ {bIZm (4) N>moQ>o Ajam| ‘| {bIZm

81. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ nmoQ>©’$mo{b¶m| Ho$ {bE gm‘J«r H$m M¶Z H$aVo g‘¶

........... H$m ........... Oê$a hmoZm Mm{hE&(1) {dÚm{W©¶m|; ~{hîH$aU

(2) AÝ¶ {ejH$m|; g‘mdoeZ

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m|; g‘mdoeZ

(4) A{^^mdH$m|; g‘mdoeZ

82. ‘r{‹S>¶m H$m EH$ CXmhaU, Omo A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo àË¶j àñVwVrH$aU Ho$

Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡-(1) e¡{jH$ Q>obr{dOZ (2) e¡{jH$ àgmaU

(3) Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a (4) Q>obr’$moZ

83. {dÚm{W©¶mo§ H$o gmW gåàofU H$m AW© hmoVm h¡-(1) CZgo àíZ H$aZo H$mo H$hZm

(2) {dMmam| H$m AmXmZ-àXmZ

(3) CÝh| {ZX}e XoZm

(4) CÝh| AnZo {dMmam| go AdJV H$amZm

84. n‹T>Zo H$s dh VH$ZrH$, {OgH$m Cn¶moJ Vm{bH$m ‘| pñWV eãXmdbr

VWm àg§J ‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-(1) H$s-arq‹S>J (2) ar-arq‹S>J

(3) ñH¡$qZJ (4) pñH$q‘J

85. {ZåZ ‘| go lì¶-Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m CÔoí¶ h¢-1 {ejU H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZm

2 N>mÌm| ‘| g¥OZmË‘H$Vm CËnÝZ H$aZm

3 N>mÌm| H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmZm

4 {df¶dñVw ‘| Aê${M CËnÝZ H$aZm

Hy$Q>-

(1) 1, 2 Am¡a 3 (2) 1 Am¡a 4

(3) 1, 3 Am¡a 4 (4) 2, 3 Am¡a 4

70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

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86. dV©Zr, dmMZ Ed§ JUZm ‘| H${R>ZmB©, gm‘mÝ¶ ~w{Õ Ed§ AÀN>r

AZwHy$bZmË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm {deofVm h¡-(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbm| H$s

(2) gm‘mÝ¶/Am¡gV A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s

(3) ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go {nN>‹S>o ~mbH$m| H$s

(4) A{YJ‘ {Z¶m}½¶ ~mbH$m| H$s

87. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘§o ~mbH$m| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m

nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$m|

H$s OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go A{YJ‘ H$mo

à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm EH$ H$maH$ h¡/h¢?(1) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (2) A{^àoaUm

(3) C{MV dmVmdaU (4) ¶o g^r

88. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m {d{^ÝZ H$maH$m| go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡& {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|

go A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ~mø H$maH$ h¡-(1) emar[aH$ d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg (2) A{^àoaUm

(3) dmVmdaU (4) ê${M

89. {H$gr H$jm H$j ‘§o grIZoo H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm ‘hÎdnyU© KQ>H$ h¡-(1) H$jm H$j H$m Am{W©H$ dmVmdaU

(2) H$jm H$j H$m àemg{ZH$ dmVmdaU

(3) H$jm H$j H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU

(4) H$jm H$j H$m gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

90. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r gyMZmAm| Ho$ {díbofU Ed§ VwbZm

‘| ghm¶H$ h¡?(1) {MÌ (2) aoIm{MÌ

(3) J«m’$ (4) ‘mZ{MÌ

91. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo g‘¶ Amn {H$go g~go A{YH$

‘hÎd X|Jo?(1) {dÚmWu H$s ê${M H$mo (2) A{YJ‘ H$s gw{dYm H$mo

(3) AmH$f©U H$mo (4) ‘yë¶ H$mo

92. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) {ejU H$mo à‘wI e¡br ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE

(2) {ejU H$mo ‘Zmoa§OZ nyU© ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE

(3) {ejU H$mo A{YH$ ñdm^m{dH$ d Cn¶moJr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

93. do H$m¡Zgo ~mø H$maH$ h¡, Omo EH$ ~ÀMo H$mo H$jm ‘| ê${M boZo go

amoH$Vo h¢?(1) ^mdZm Am¡a ‘Zmo^md (2) g§ñH¥${V Am¡a à{ejU

(3) ~ÀMo H$m ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) bú¶ Am¡a à¶moOZ

94. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo grIZo H$s gm‘J«r ‘| Nonsense Syllabus H$s aMZm H$s?(1) Ooåg (2) dw§Q>

(3) pñH$Za (4) Eq~Jhmg

95. í¶m‘nÅ àVrH$ h¡-(1) AÜ¶mnH$ H$m (2) {ejU H$m

(3) H$jm H$m (4) ñHy$b H$m

96. ñWmZmÝVaU H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm/dmbo H$maH$ h¡/h¢-(1) gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU

(2) g‘PXmar

(3) A{O©V kmZ H$m {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

97. A{YJ‘ H$s à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb {d{Y ‘| g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© H$maH$

H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) bú¶ (2) {H«$¶m

(3) àoaUm (4) Aä¶mg

98. H$jm ‘| N>mÌ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo dmbm àmW{‘H$ H$maH$

hmoZm Mm{hE-(1) N>mÌ àoaUmE± (2) N>mÌ {‘Ì‘ÊS>br

(3) {ejH$ à^wËd (4) nwañH$ma-XÊS> à{d{Y

99. H$jm {ejU ‘| Ñí¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ H$aZo ‘o§ Amn {H$g ~mV H$m

Ü¶mZ aI|Jo?(1) Cgo ZmQ>H$s¶ T>§J go àñVwV H$a|Jo&

(2) dh nmR²>¶ {df¶ Ho$ AZwê$n hmo&

(3) dh ~ÀMm| H$mo AkmV go kmV H$s Amoa bo OmZo dmbr hmo&

(4) CgHo$ ~mao ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo nhbo go ~Vm X|Jo&

100. H$jm {ejU ‘| {d{dYVm Am¡a amoMH$Vm ~‹T>Vr h¡-(1) AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go

(2) N>mÌm| Ho gh¶moJ go

(3) {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$ à¶moJ go

(4) AZwemgZ Ho$ nmbZ go

101. {ejm ‘§o Q>obr{dOZ H$m Cn¶moJr ñWmZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) AÀN>o {ejH$m| H$s H$‘r h¡&

(2) Q>obr{dOZ na nmR²>¶dñVw H$mo nyao {dñVma Ho$ gmW àñVwV {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡&

(3) Bggo H$jm ‘| AZwemgZhrZVm n¡Xm Zht hmoJr&

(4) Q>obr{dOZ na Omo Hw$N> XoIm OmVm h¡, dh h‘oem Ho$ {bE ¶mX hmo OmVm

h¡&

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.

(2) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (4) (2) (4) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (2)















102. H$jm ‘| Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ-(1) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡&

(2) ‘oYmdr N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YH$ Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡&

(3) ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ~‹T>mVm h¡&

(4) N>mÌm| H$m Ü¶mZ ‘yb {df¶ go Xÿa hQ>mVm h¡&

103. {Og {ZX}eZ gm‘J«r H$m H$jm {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ BñVo‘mb {H$¶m OmZm

hmo, Cgo/CgH$m-(1) H$jm ‘| hr V¡¶ma H$aZm Mm{hE&

(2) CëboI nmR> ¶moOZm ‘| H$a boZm Mm{hE&

(3) V^r [XImZm Mm{hE, O~ ~ÀMm| ‘| CËgwH$Vm ~‹T> OmE&

(4) H$jm {ejU ewê$ H$aVo hr N>mÌm| H$mo {XIm XoZm Mm{hE&

104. nmR²>¶ ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ-(1) V^r H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Oê$ar hmo&

(2) nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE&

(3) Eogo H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌm| na CgH$m Ano{jV à^md n‹S>o&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

105. {H$g {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo Amn CÎm‘ gm‘J«r ‘mZVo h¢?(1) Omo XoIZo ‘| gwÝXa d a§J-{~a§Jr hmo&

(2) Omo nmR²>¶ {df¶ go gå~pÝYV hmo&

(3) Omo AmgmZr go {‘b OmE&

(4) {Ogo nhbr ~ma à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmE&

106. {ejU ‘| ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) nmR> H$mo AmgmZ Am¡a ê${MH$a ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE

(2) H$jm ‘o§ N>mÌm| H$s ^mJrXmar H$mo ~‹T>mZo Ho$ {bE

(3) A‘yV© H$mo ‘yV© kmZ ‘| n[ad{V©V H$aZo Ho$ {bE

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

107. l¥ì¶ Ñí¶ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go {H$g {ejU gyÌ H$m AZwnmbZ

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) ‘yV© go A‘yV©

(2) AmgmZ go H${R>Z

(3) kmV go AkmV

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

108. ghm¶H$ gm‘J«r Ho$ ê$n ‘| OHP H$m à¶moJ H$aZo H$m bm^ ¶h h¡ {H$-(1) ¶h gñVm d hëH$m hmoVm h¡&

(2) BgHo$ Ûmam ~Zm¶m J¶m à{V{~å~ ~hþV ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡&

(3) í¶m‘nÅ> H$m hr ñH«$sZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

109. H$jm ‘| Q>r.dr. H$m à¶moJ H${R>Z h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) BgH$s J{V h‘mao {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| Zht hmoVr&

(2) Q>r.dr H$m¶©H«$‘ H$mo {ejU Ho$ AZwgma g‘m¶mo{OV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm,

~pëH$ BgH$m CëQ>m hr H$aZm n‹‹S>Vm h¡&

(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|

(4) Cnamo³V H$moB© Zht

110. A, ~, g VrZ {ejmWu h¢, Omo A§J«oOr n‹T>Vo h¢& A H$mo ¶h {df¶ amoMH$

bJVm h¡ Am¡a dh gmoMVm h¡ {H$ ¶h CgHo$ ^{dî¶ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& ~

A§J«oOr Bg{bE n‹T>Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm ‘| nhbm ñWmZ àmßV H$aZm

MmhVr h¡& g A§J«oOr {df¶ Bg{bE n‹T>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CgH$m àmW{‘H$

gamoH$ma CÎmrU© hmoZo dmbo J«oS²>g àmßV H$aZm h¡& A, ~ Am¡a g Ho$ CÔoí¶

H«$‘e… ............ h¢&(1) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm

(2) {ZînmXZ, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm

(3) {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ

(4) {ZnwUVm, {ZînmXZ-Cnojm, {ZînmXZ

111. Hw$N> {df¶m| H$m {ejU Q>obr{dOZ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ~hþV ~{‹T>¶m hmo gH$Vm

h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) BZ {df¶m| ‘| AÜ¶mnH$mo§ H$s H$‘r h¡&

(2) Q>obr{dOZ {ejU Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go AZwemgZ ~{‹T>¶m ahVm h¡&

(3) Q>obr{dOZ Ûmam Omo Ñí¶, AZw^d Ho$ à¶moJ {XImE Om gH$Vo h¢, CZH$m

à~ÝY ñHy$b ‘| H$a nmZm gå^d Zht hmoVm&

(4) {ejH$ ^r Bggo ZB©-ZB© ~mV| OmZ gH$Vo h¢&

*******

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112.

(1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4)


Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET, HPTET) Ho$

{bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡& ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF

àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn

¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m AÝ¶ ñQ>S>r Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona

ôoO {XE OmE±J|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535



àJÊ¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV n¥îR> 79



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AÜ¶m¶ 6

A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV

6.1 àñVmdZmA{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY ñ‘¥{V go ahm h¡& ñ‘¥{V Ho$ A^md ‘| A{YJ‘ ì¶W© h¡&

A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& g^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV BZ VÏ¶m|

na AmYm[aV h¢-

1. A{YJ‘ H$s gr‘mE± ³¶m h¢?

2. Aä¶mg H$s A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m ^y{‘H$m h¡?3. XÊS>, nwañH$ma, àmoËgmhZ Am{X H$m grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ³¶m

‘hÎd h¡?4. grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| Ad~moY VWm AÝVX©¥pîQ> H$m ³¶m ‘hÎd h¡?5. ³¶m EH$ grIr JB© {H«$¶m {H$gr AÝ¶ {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo ‘| gh¶moJ

XoVr h¡?6. O~ h‘ ¶mX H$aVo h¢ ¶m ^ybVo h¢, V~ ³¶m hmoVm h¡?

¶o g^r àíZ A{YJ‘ H$s gånyU© {H«$¶m go Ow‹S>o h¢& grIZo H$s gr‘m

ì¶p³V H$s A{YJ‘ H$s j‘Vm h¡& d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V

{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$n go grIVm h¡& A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> Aä¶mg go hmoVr

h¡& Aä¶mg H$mo ~Zm¶o aIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ {d{^ÝZ njm| H$s ^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU©

h¡& A~moY VWm AÝVÑ©pîQ> A{YJ‘ Ho$ ApñVËd H$mo ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡ Am¡a EH$

grIr J¶r {H«$¶m Xÿgar {H«$¶m H$s nwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ VWm AÝ¶ ZdrZ {H«$¶m H$mo

grIZo H$m ‘mJ© àeñV H$aVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma O~ h‘ {H$gr VÏ¶ H$mo ¶mX H$aVo

h¢, Vmo gÝVmof {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a ^ybVo h¢, Vmo Xþ…I hmoVm h¡&

A{YJ‘ Mmho OmZo-AZOmZo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| hþAm hmo, Mmho ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

H$s à¶moJembm ‘|, CgHo$ ‘yb ‘| g‘mZ {gÕmÝV VWm {Z¶‘ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&

‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| à¶moJmË‘H$ narjUm| Zo grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘|

‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ {X¶m h¡& EH$ {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Xÿgao {gÕmÝV H$mo

g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& à¶moJ Ed§ narjU Ho$ ‘Ü¶ CR>mB© JB© g‘ñ¶mE±

{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVo hr Jm¡U hmo OmVr h¡&

6.2 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV … AW©grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV go VmËn¶© Cg g¡ÕmpÝVH$ JdofUm go hmoVm h¡, Omo grIZo

H$m ñdê$n ³¶m h¡, àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡, ³¶m| grIVm h¡ Am{X àíZm| Ho$

CÎmam| H$s d¡km{ZH$ ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVm h¡& haJoZhmZ Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$

{gÕmÝVm| ‘| ‘w»¶V… grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ì¶m»¶m H$s OmVr h¡

Am¡a ¶o {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma H$s ì¶m»¶m àñVwV H$aVo h¢-

1. àmUr ³¶m| grIVm h¡?2. àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?

3. àmUr ³¶m grIVm h¡?

BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s ImoO ‘| H$B© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ed§ {dÛmZ OwQ>o Am¡a

CÝhm|Zo AnZo-AnZo à¶moJm| Ed§ AZw^y{V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na AnZo-AnZo grIZo

Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m&

6.3 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ àH$magrIZo Ho$ {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CZH$s àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma Xmo dJm] ‘§o {d^³V

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV2. CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV

6.4 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm

ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma O~ ^r ì¶p³V AWdm àmUr Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© g‘ñ¶m

AmVr h¡ (Bgo CÔrnZ H$hVo h¢), Vmo dh CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ

AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogr AZw{H«$¶m ^r hmoVr h¡, Omo

Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ àñVwV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V AZoH$ à¶mgm| AWdm

AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$aVo-H$aVo Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aVm h¡& AmJo O~ ^r CgHo$

gm‘Zo d¡gr hr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo nwZ… dh {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm

h¡, bo{H$Z erK« hr dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo ‘| gj‘ hmoVm h¡, {Oggo Cg

g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Yrao-Yrao AmJo dmbo à¶mgm| ‘| ì¶p³V Cg

g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V ghr-ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a EH$ g‘¶ Eogm AmVm

h¡ O~ CgHo$ gm‘Zo dhr g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡, Vmo VwaÝV dh dhr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm

h¡ {Oggo Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m AWdm CÔrnZ

{deof Ho$ gmW g‘mYmZ AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr

grIZm H$hVo h¢& O¡go-O¡go ¶h {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XmohamB© OmVr h¡, CÔrnZ Am¡a

AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>Va hmoVm OmVm h¡ Am¡a grIZm ^r ñWm¶r hmoVm OmVm

h¡& Bg dJ© ‘| AmZo dmbo {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ g^r à{VnmXH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ CÔrnZ-

AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘Ü¶ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$s g§km XoVo h¢, bo{H$Z ¶h gå~ÝY H¡$go

~ZVm h¡ Bg na CZ‘| ‘VôX h¡& Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ-

AZw{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY CgHo$ ~mX {XE OmZo dmbo nwZ~©bZ na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡,

³¶m|{H$ Bg nwZ~©bZ Ho$ H$maU grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a

dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$mo CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW gå~pÝYV H$a XoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm|

H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo à^mdH$

{gÕmÝV ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg loUr ‘| Wm°Z©S>mBH$, ñH$sZa, nmdbm°d, hb Am¡a

{‘ba Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m











n¥îR> 80 A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV àJÊ¶




{dMma h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m gmW-gmW hmoVo h¢ Am¡a ~ma-~ma hmoVo h¢,

Vmo AnZo Amn hr BZHo$ ‘Ü¶ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bgo hr grIZm

H$hVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m-AnwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm

OmVm h¡& Bg loUr ‘o§ JwWar Ed§ EoñQ²>g Ho$ {gÕmÝV à‘wI h¢& à‘wI CÔrnZ-

AZw{H$¶m {gÕmÝV AWdm ì¶dhmadmXr {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV

2. {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV

3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV

4. gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV

5. ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZÜ¶

6.5 CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝVCÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ à{gÕ

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ES>dS>© Eb. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ h¡, {OÝhm|Zo gZ² 1998 ‘| AnZr à{gÕ

nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| AnZo A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI {H$¶m

h¡, O~{H$ gZ² 1913 ‘| àH$m{eV nwñVH$ Education Psychology ‘| Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m CëboI A{YH$ ñnîQ> ê$n go {‘bVm h¡&

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo gå~ÝYdmX ê$nr {dMmaYmam H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZHo$

AZwgma gå~ÝYdmX H$m VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ CÔrnZ Ho$ gmW AZw{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY

ñWm{nV hmoVm h¡& AV… Bgo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go gå~mo{YV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo A{YJ‘ H$m gå~ÝY {gÕmÝV, g§¶moOZdmX

{gÕmÝV, à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡&

CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZw¶m{¶¶m| ‘| dwS>dW©, nmdbm°d,

dmQ>gZ JwWar VWm hb Ho$ Zm‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¢& BZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡

{H$ àË¶oH$ {H«$¶m Ho$ nrN>o EH$ CÔrnZ hmoVm h¡, {OgH$m à^md ì¶p³V na n‹S>Vm

h¡ Am¡a Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n AZw{H«$¶m (R) hmoVr h¡& CÔrnZ àmUr na à^md S>mbVm

h¡, {OgHo$ n[aUm‘ ñdê$n ¶h AZw{H«$¶m (R) H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma EH$ {d{eîQ>

CÔrnZ EH$ AZw{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV hmo OmVm h¡ AWm©V² CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$

‘Ü¶ ‘| AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡& AV… Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo S-R Bond

Theory ^r H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ A{YJ‘ ñZm¶w

‘ÊS>b ‘| n[apñW{V¶m| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘Ü¶ g§¶moJ gå~ÝYm| Ho$ ~ZZo VWm

g~{bV hmoZo H$s ~mV h¡&

CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY {gÕmÝV H$mo gå~ÝYdmX ^r H$hm OmVm

h¡& Bg gå~ÝYdmX H$s n[a^mfm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ aoZ Zo Bg àH$ma Xr h¡ {H$

gå~ÝYdmX dh {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo g‘ñV ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$s n[apñW{V¶m|

VWm AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM Ed§ A{O©V gå~ÝY H$m H$m¶© ‘mZVm h¡&

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m S-R Bond Theory {gÕmÝV {ZåZ KQ>H$m| na

AmYm[aV h¡-

1. CÔrnZ H$m CnpñWV hmoZm&2. AZw{H«$¶m H$m hmoZm&

3. CÔrnZ (S)-AZw{H«$¶m (R)-AZw~ÝY, Omo CÔrnZ Ed§ AZw{H«$¶m ‘|

gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma h‘ nmVo h¢ {H$ CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m ‘| AZw~ÝYZ H$m

{Z‘m©U hr Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m g~go ‘hÎdnyU© VÏ¶ h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Hoo$ {bE ‘w{J©¶m|, {~{ëb¶m|,

‘N>{b¶m|, Hw$Îmm|, ~ÝXam| VWm ‘mZd na AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E, naÝVw {~pëb¶m|

na {H$E JE à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV

à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m&

M±y{H$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ Ûmam CÔrnZ (S) VWm AZw{H«$¶m (R) ‘|

AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Bg{bE ‘m¡{bH$ ê$n go Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$

A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝY (S-R Bond) {gÕmÝV

H$hH$a gå~mo{YV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6.5.1 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJWm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE newAm| na AZoH$ à¶moJ

{H$E, {H$ÝVw CZH$s à{gÕ nwñVH$ Animal Intelligence ‘| d{U©V {~ëbr

na {H$¶m à¶moJ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡&

1. CbPZ ~m°³g à¶moJ

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘hmoX¶ Zo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$ ‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& Bg

‘ÝOyfm go ~mha {ZH$bZo H$m EH$ hr amñVm Wm& XadmOo Ho$ gmW EH$ brda

bJm hþAm Wm, {OgH$mo X~mZo go hr XadmOm Iwb OmVm Wm& ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ ~mha

EH$ VíVar ‘| EH$ ‘N>br H$m Qw>H$‹S>m aI {X¶m J¶m Wm& {~ëbr Zo Cg ‘ÝOyfm

H$m XadmOm ImobZo H$m AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ {H$¶m& H$^r CN>bVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm

Ho$ grH$Mm| go ~mha XoIVr, H$^r ‘ÝOyfm Ho$ AÝ¶ mJm| H$mo {hbmVr& Bg àH$ma

dh AZoH$ ~ma à¶ËZ H$aVr Am¡a AZoH$ ^yb H$aVr& AÝVV… AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m

n§Om brda na n‹S> J¶m Am¡a XadmOm Iwb J¶m& {~ëbr ~mha {ZH$b AmB© Am¡a

‘N>br Im JB©, {Oggo Cgo gÝVmof H$s àm{á hþB©& O~ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo Xmo~mam

‘ÝOyfm ‘| ~ÝX {H$¶m J¶m, Vmo dh nhbo go H$‘ g‘¶ go ‘ÝOyfm go ~mha AmH$a

‘N>br Im boVr h¡& ¶h à¶moJ {~ëbr na H$B© ~ma Xmoham¶m J¶m& ha ~ma {~ëbr

Zo ~mha {ZH$bZo ‘| erK«Vm {XImB© Am¡a AÝVV… EH$ g‘¶ Eogm Am J¶m {H$

{~ëbr {~Zm ^yb {H$¶o hr gÝXÿH$ go ~mha {ZH$b Am¶r&






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2. ^yb-^wb¡¶m à¶moJ

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo Xÿgam à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m& ^yIo Myho H$mo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ àdoe

Ûma go AÝXa H$a {X¶m OmVm Wm Am¡a H$ht na ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ ~rM nZra aI

{X¶m OmVm Wm& nhbr ~ma Myhm H$m’$s g‘¶ VH$ AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$Vm ahm

Am¡a AÝV ‘| g§¶moJ de EH$ ghr amñVm {‘b J¶m, Omo Cgo {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ VH$

nhþ±Mm gH$m& Bg na H$B© ~ma H$s JB© {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n ~mX dmbr {H«$¶mAm|

‘| H«$‘e… g‘¶ ‘| H$‘r AmB©& Myhm Yrao-Yrao AÝYnWm| ‘| ^Q>H$ H$a AÝV ‘|

ghr amñVm AnZmZm grI J¶m Am¡a Cgo ^yb-^wb¡¶m Ho$ Ûma na N>mo‹S>Zo na

dh ghr amñVm AnZmH$a VwaÝV {Z{X©îQ> ñWmZ na nhþ±M H$a nZra Im J¶m&

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZo Bg à¶moJ go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-

1. grIZo Ho$ {bE g~go nhbr Amdí¶H$Vm CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na

Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ^moOZ àmßV H$aZm&

2. CÔoí¶ Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© àoaH$ AWdm A[^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ^yI&

3. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE H$moB© CÔrnZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| ‘N>br (^moOZ)&

4. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AZw{H«$¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr H$m {nÝOao go ~mha AmZo Ho$ {bE à¶ËZ H$aZm&

5. Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶ àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo dmbm AnZmVm MbVm h¡ Am¡a Omo {H«$¶mE± {ZaW©H$ hmoVr h¢, CÝh| N>mo‹S>Vm MbVm h¡, O¡go D$na Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Zo {H$¶m&

6. CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á na grIZo dmbo Ho$ VpÝÌH$m VÝÌ ‘| CÔrnZ Am¡a CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘§o ghm¶H$ AZw{H«$¶m ‘| e{³Vembr gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡, ^{dî¶ ‘| O~ H$^r ^r grIZo dmbo Ho$ gm‘Zo dhr CÔrnZ CnpñWV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh CgHo$ à{V dhr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ go CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ¶h ep³Vembr AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmoZm hr grIZm h¡&

Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo BÝht VÏ¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV

Ho$ ê$n ‘| à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nhbr

Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ, Xÿgar AmdíH$¶Vm hmoVr h¡- AZw{H«$¶m Am¡a

Vrgar Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡- CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m ‘| JhZ gå~ÝY& h‘ OmZVo

h¢ {H$ O~ {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ghr AZw{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cggo grIZo

dmbo H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡ Am¡a dh Cg AZw{H«$¶m H$m M¶Z H$a boVm h¡& ¶h

dh pñW{V hmoVr h¡, O~ CÔrnZ AZw{H«$¶m ‘§o e{³Vembr AZw~ÝY hmo OmVm h¡&

6.5.2 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±1. ¶h {gÕmÝV, CÔrnZ Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo grIZo H$m

AmYma^yV ñVå^ ‘mZVm h¡&2. ¶h {gÕmÝV, {ejU H$m¶© ‘| àoaUm H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&

3. ¶h {gÕmÝV, Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ Agå~Õ

à{H«$¶m Zht h¡, ~pëH$ àË¶j, JË¶mË‘H$, kmZmË‘H$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ A§Jm| H$m EH$ n§wO h¡&

4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, Omo ì¶{³V CÔrnZm| Am¡a AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘§o {OVZm A{YH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡, CVZm hr A{YH$ dh

~w{Õ‘mZ hmo OmVm h¡&

5. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo grIZo Ho$ VrZ ‘w»¶

{Z¶‘m| H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m h¡& VËnaVm H$m {Z¶‘, Aä¶mg H$m

{Z¶‘, à^md ¶m n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘&

6.5.3 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s AZoH$ Cn¶mo{JVmE± hmoVo hþE ^r BgH$s Hw$N> H${‘¶m±

h¢& ¶o {ZåZmZwgma h¢-

1. N>mÌ Ho$db à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr Zht grIVm h¡, ~pëH$ gyP Ed§

AÝ¶ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ Ûmam ^r grIVm h¡&

2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm

hmoVr h¡, bo{H$Z N>mÌ {~Zm ~mø CÔrnZm| Ho$ ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$a

grIVm h¡&3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m J¶m h¡&

AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m na nyU© ê$n go bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&

4. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$mo EH$ ¶mpÝÌH$ à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡, O~{H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ~w{Õ, VH©$, {MÝVZ Am¡a {ddoH$ Am{X H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&

5. à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam grIZo ‘o| g‘¶ A{YH$ bJVm h¡&6. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$maUm| na àH$me Zht S>mbVm h¡& 7. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| {Z{hV Aä¶mg Ho$ {Z¶‘ H$m àm¶… Xþén¶moJ hmoVm h¡&8. Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo hoVw

{ZaW©H$ à¶mg H$s Anojm {H$gr EH$ {d{eîQ> {d{Y go grIm OmZm A{YH$ AÀN>m h¡&

6.5.4 Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶VmWm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm

‘hÎdnyU© h¡& gm‘mÝ¶ OrdZ ‘| Am¡a AZoH$ AZwgÝYmZm| ‘| Bg {gÕmÝV H$m

à¶moJ hmoVm ahVm h¡& J{UV Ho$ {ejU ‘| à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb Ûmam hr àmapå^H$

AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV {gImB© OmVr h¡& nyd© àmW{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ^r Bg

{d{Y Ûmam ~mbH$m| H$moo n‹T>m¶m d {gIm¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {gIm¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

CXmhaUmW© ewÕ Ed§ ñnîQ> {bIZo Ho$ {bE ~ma-~ma Aä¶mg H$amZm Amdí¶H$

h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo AnZr nwñVH$ EOwHo$eZ E ’$ñQ>© ~wH$ ‘| AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s

e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {dñVma go dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI

gwPmdm| H$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-1. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ>V… n[a^m{fV hmoZo Mm{hE Am¡a do grIZo dmbo

H$s j‘VmAm| H$s nhþ±M Ho$ AÝXa hmoZo Mm{hE&

2. H$jm Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> XoZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo ‘| H$‘ à¶mg H$aZo n‹S>o&

3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma [ejmWu H$m ì¶dhma ~mø nwZ~©bH$m| go A{YH$ à^m[dV hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo

ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo na àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma Xo Am¡a JbV AZw{H«$¶m

H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$ao&















4. H$jm H$m e¡{jH$ dmVmdaU Eogm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ {ejmWu AnZo grIo

hþE kmZ H$m OrdZ ‘| Cn¶moJ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {bE ¶Wmgå^d grIo

JE H$m¡ebm| Ho$ Cn¶moJ H$m Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&

5. O{Q>b {df¶m| Ed§ àH$aUm| H$mo grIZo na A{YH$ ~b Zht XoZm

Mm{hE& {OÝh| ~ÀMo AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$, CZH$m ~ma-~ma

Aä¶mg H$amZm Mm{hE&

6. {ejH$m| H$mo àË¶oH$ N>mÌ na Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a CgH$s

AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m AdbmoH$Z H$a ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ M¶Z ‘| gh¶moJ

XoZm Mm{hE&

7. {ejH$ ñd¶§ H$mo ¶h nVm hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ Cgo ³¶m n‹T>mZm h¡ Am¡a

H¡$go n‹T>mZm h¡& Cgo n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo kmZ H$m ~mbH$m| Ho$ nyd© kmZ go

gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZm Mm{hE Am¡a ^{dî¶ ‘| ~mbH$ BgH$m Cn¶moJ

H¡$go H$ao, ¶h ^r ~VmZm Mm{hE&8. {ejH$m| H$mo CZ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m nVm bJmZm Mm{hE, {OZ‘| ~ÀMo

grI Zht nmVo&9. {ejH$m| H$mo ¶h ^r {ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ CÝh| ~mbH$m| H$mo

H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± {gImZr h¡ Am¡a H$m¡Z-gr AZw{H«$¶mE± Zht {gImZr h¡&

10. ¶{X {ejH$ g‘PVo h¢ {H$ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ hr AZw{H«$¶m n¶m©á h¡, Vmo ~ÀMm| H$mo AZmdí¶H$ {H«$¶mE± H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zm H$aZm Mm{hE&

11. {ejH$ ~mbH$m| H$mo AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZm Cgr T>§J go {gImE±, {Og T>§J go CÝh| CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ^{dî¶ ‘| XmohamZm h¡&

12. {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n go H$m¶© H$aZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$ao& CÝh| ¶h Ü¶mZ aIZm h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H$ht AZmdí¶H$ g‘¶ Vmo ~~m©X Zht H$a aho h¢&

13. Bg {gÕmÝV go ¶h {d{XV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImZo Ho$ {bE CZH$s ì¶{³VJV {^ÝZVmAmo§ H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIm OmZm Mm{hE&

14. ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^d¥[Îm H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$m| Ho$ A{YJ‘ go nyd© A{YJ‘ Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU

{dH${gV {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

6.6 {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝVBg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ~r. E’$. pñH$Za Zo {H$¶m& {H«$¶m-

àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m ¶h Zm‘ Bg{bE aIm J¶m, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h Hw$N>

EH$ {H«$¶mAm| na AmYm[aV h¡, Omo {H$ {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo H$aZr hmoVr h¢& Bg

{gÕmÝV ‘| emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ g^r {gÕmÝV nm¶o OmVo h¢, {’$a ^r XmoZm|

‘| {^ÝZVm h¡&

nmdbm°d Ho$ emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ Hw$Îmo H$mo ‘oO go br-^m±{V

~m±Ym J¶m Wm Am¡a dh g{H«$¶ Zht Wm, {H$ÝVw pñH$Za Ho$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘o§

à¶moÁ¶ {H«$¶merb ahVo h¢& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo {H«$¶m-‘ybH$

AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$hm J¶m h¡&

6.6.1 pñH$Za Ho$ à¶moJpñH$Za Zo ewê$ ‘| àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© Myhm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶o& CÝh| pñH$Za no{Q>H$m

‘| aIm OmVm Wm Am¡a CÝh| ^moOZ J«hU H$aZo hoVw brda X~mZm n‹S>Vm Wm&

BgHo$ ~mX ‘| AÝ¶ newAm| na à¶moJ {H$¶o Am¡a {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| {b¶m

J¶m& aoIr¶ A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ nyar Vah pñH$Za Ho$ Bg A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

na AmYm[aV h¡& pñH$Za Zo gd©àW‘ AnZm à¶moJ Myhm| na {H$¶m Am¡a CgHo$

níMmV² H$~yVam| na&

pñH$Za Zo EH$ Eogr no{Q>H$m H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ N>‹S> Am¡a

^moOZ Ho$ {bE EH$ VíVar Ow‹S>r hþB© Wr& CgZo EH$ ^yIo Myho H$mo Bg no{Q>H$m

‘| aIm& dh no{Q>H$m ‘| BYa-CYa Ky‘Vm Wm, O¡go hr dh N>‹S> H$mo X~mVm

^moOZ VíVar ‘| Am OmVm& O~ ^moOZ Zo Myho Ho$ Bg ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ

H$a {X¶m, Vmo dh ~ma-~ma N>‹S> H$mo X~mZo H$m H$m¶© H$aZo bJm& Myho H$mo N>‹S>

X~mZo na ^moOZ Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ CnbãY hmoVm, O~ gmW ‘| ‘rR>r Üd{Z ^r

hmoVr& Yrao-Yrao Myho Zo gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$a {b¶m Am¡a dh Ho$db Cgr g‘¶ N>‹S>

X~mVm, O~{H$ ‘rR>r Üd{Z hmoVr&

pñH$Za Zo Bgr Vah Ho$ à¶moJ H$~yVam| na {H$¶o& BZ à¶moJm| H$s ‘XX

Ûmam pñH$Za {M{‹S>¶m| H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$ CÝh| n[a‘m{O©V Ed§ n[ad{V©V H$aZo ‘|

g’$b hþE& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ {M{‹S>¶m± qnJ-nm|J Iob ^r IobZo bJt&

pñH$Za Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma S-R gyÌ H$mo R-S gyÌ ‘|o ~Xb

{X¶m&

S-R gyÌ Ho$ AZwgma {~Zm CÎmoOH$ Ho$ AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmo gH$Vr& Bg

‘V H$m CÝhm|Zo {damoY {H$¶m& CZH$s ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡ {H$ kmV CÎmoOH$ Ho$ {~Zm

AZw{H«$¶m K{Q>V hmo gH$Vr h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma AZw{H«$¶m nhbo hmoZr Mm{hE Am¡a

CÎmoOH$ ~mX ‘| {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE, {H$ÝVw dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶m H$m H¥${Ì‘ CÎmoOH$

Ûmam nwZ~©bZ Oê$ar h¡, AÝ¶Wm AZw{H«$¶m ‘| õmg hmoZo bJVm h¡& nwZ~©bZ

C{MV AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ níMmV² hr XoZm Mm{hE, nhbo Zht& pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ¶h

AZw{H«$¶m (R) hr h¡, Omo g~b hmoVr h¡, Z {H$ CÎmoOH$-AZw{H«$¶m (S-R)

~ÝYZ&

pñH$Za H$m {H«$¶m àgyV {gÕmÝV Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V M¶Z

Ed§ g§¶moOZ na AmYm[aV h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$s Vah pñH$Za Zo Xmo Vah Ho$ A{YJ‘

H$mo ‘mZm h¡, {H$ÝVw JwWar H$s ^m±{V CgZo Cg A{YJ‘ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m

h¡, Omo {H$ n[aUm‘m| Ûmam {Z¶pÝÌV hmoVm h¡&

pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡- AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$

Am¡a {H«$¶m àgyVmË‘H$& naånamJV ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ Ho$ A^md

‘| AZw{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& pñH$Za Zo AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| {d^³V {H$¶m h¡-

1. àH$me ‘| AmZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m

2. CËgO©Z à{V{H«$¶m&

Omo AZw{H«$¶m kmV àoaH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘| bmB© OmVr h¡, CgH$mo àH$m{eV

AZw{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ {dnarV Xÿgao àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢, {OZH$m

gå~ÝY {H$gr kmV àoaH$ go Zht hmoVm& Bg Vah H$s CËgO©Z AZw{H«$¶m H$mo

{H«$¶m àgyV H$hVo h¢& naånamJV ‘mÝ¶Vm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m

H$mo ^r àH$m{eV AZw{H«$¶m ñdrH$ma H$amo, {OgH$m CÎmoOH$ ^bo hr kmV Z hmo&

pñH$Za H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ {H«$¶m-àgyV ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo hoVw CÎmoOH$ XemAm|






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H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma CÎmoOH$ Ûmam àH$me ‘|

Zht AmVm& g{H«$¶Vm H$m {H$gr nyd© CÎmoOH$ Ho$ gmW gå~ÝY hmo gH$Vm h¡&

Eogr pñW{V ‘| ¶h {dôXrH¥$V {H«$¶m àgyV hmo OmVm h¡&

AZw{H«$¶m H$s Vah AZw~ÝYZ ^r Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢-

1. CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ

2. AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ

g§jon ‘| CÔrnH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo S VWm AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ H$mo R

AZw~ÝYZ H$hm OmVm h¡&

S àH$ma Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m gå~ÝY AZw{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma go Bg{bE

hmoVm h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gå~ÝY CÎmoOH$ go hmoVm h¡& nmdbm°d H$m AZw~ÝYZ

gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV S àH$ma H$m hr h¡& pñH$Za S àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo ‘hÎd

XoVo h¢& ¶h AZw~ÝYZ {H«$¶m àgyV ì¶dhma AZw~ÝYZ VWm nwZ~©bZ go Ow‹S>m

hmoVm h¡& Bggo EH$ àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ go gå~pÝYV

hmoVr h¡, Z H$s CÔrnZ go& Bg {dMma H$mo nwîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE pñH$Za Zo brda

X~mZo H$m CXmhaU àñVwV {H$¶m& brda X~mZo H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$mo ^moOZ n«ñVwV

H$aZo nwîQ> {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6.6.2 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. {H«$¶m-àgyV CÎmoOH$ AWdm CÔrnZ àgyV ‘| ^«‘ ì¶má ahVm h¡,

{OgHo$ H$maU {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Am¡a CÔrnZ àgyV AZw~ÝYZ ‘| ñnîQ> AÝVa H$aZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&

2. A{YJ‘ Ed§ {H«$¶mH$bmn ‘| pñH$Za H$moB© AÝVa Zht g‘PVo, O~{H$ Xÿgao ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ nwZ~©brH$aU grIZo H$s Anojm bú¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&

3. {H«$¶m àgyV Ho$ g^r à¶moJ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| hþE& AV… BZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| go CnbãY {Z¶‘ {H$g àH$ma grIZo H$s àmH¥${VH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| bmJy {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢&

4. {H«$¶m àgyV ‘| à¶moJm| Ho$ {df¶ new AWdm AÝ¶ Ord Wo& AV… CZ na AmYm[aV {Z¶‘ grIZo H$s gm‘m{OH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H¡$go Cn¶moJr hmo gH$Vo h¢&

6.6.3 pñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm1. dm§{N>V AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ nwZ~©brH$aU go ~mbH$m|, {deofH$a N>moQ>o

~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘bVm h¡ Am¡a do C{MV ì¶dhma H$aZo bJVo

h¢& XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ ~mbH$ ‘hgyg H$aVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ n‹T>Zo H$s Amoa Ü¶mZ Zht {X¶m Om ahm, Vmo dh CXmgrZ hmo OmVm h¡&

AV… Amdí¶H$Vm ahVr h¡ {H$ {ejH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ C{MV H$m¶© H$mo à~bZ XoVm aho& {ejH$ {H«$¶m H$m à~bZ ‘wñH$amhQ> VWm A{YH$

A§H$ àXmZ H$aHo$, ghmZw^y{V àH$Q> H$aHo$ AWdm àe§gm H$aHo$ H$a gH$Vm h¡& ~‹S>r H$jmAm| ‘| à~bZ AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Ho$ Ûmam

{X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg AW© hoVw {ejU ¶ÝÌm| H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡& H$B© ~ma XoIZo ‘| Am¶m h¡ {H$ Mm°H$boQ> Ho$ bmbM ‘| N>moQ>o ~ÀMo ~maå~ma C{MV {bIZo Am¡a n‹T>Zo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a

AÝVV… ghr {bIZm-n‹T>Zm grI OmVo h¢&

2. dm§{N>V Am¡a Cn¶w³V ì¶dhma H$m nwZ~©bZ nwañH$ma Ûmam VwaÝV

H$aZm Mm{hE& Bg‘| Xoa hmoZo go à^md H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$

Ûmam J¥h-H$m¶© H$mo {ZpíMV {XZ Z XoIZo na N>mÌ CXmgrZ hmo OmVo

h¢ Am¡a Cgo H$aZm ~ÝX H$a XoVo h¢&

3. ¶h {gÕmÝV Aä¶mg Am¡a nwZamd¥{Îm H$mo ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV…

AÜ¶mnH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$ dh {ejU ‘| BZ {H«$¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ

H$ao&

4. AZwH«${‘V AZwXoeZ Bg {gÕmÝV na nyar Vah AmYm[aV h¡& BgHo$

AÝVJ©V N>mÌ AnZr j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma grIVo h¢& N>mÌ V^r AJ«ga

hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ CgH$m C[MV CÎma Ûmam à~bZ hmo OmVm h¡&

5. ¶h {gÕmÝV A{^àoaUm na ~b XoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ h¡ {H$

dh ~mbH$m| H$mo {df¶-dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ H$mo ñnîQ> H$aHo$, CÔoí¶ ny{V©

hoVw ào[aV H$aVm aho& àoaUm àXmZ H$aZo go ~mbH$ grIZo hoVw gX¡d VËna ahVo h¢&

6.7 nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV³bmH©$ Eb. hb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ H$s ÑpîQ> go ì¶dhmadmXr h¡& dV©‘mZ

H$mb ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV gå^dV… g~go à‘wI h¡& A‘o[aH$m Ho$ ¶ob {díd{dÚmb¶

‘| hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$¶o& CgZo Wm°Z©S>mBH$

d dwS>dW© Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJm| Am¡a CZ na AmYm[aV grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m H$m

^r AmbmoMZmË‘H$ AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m& hb Zo gd©àW‘ AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s aMZm

1930 ‘| H$s& V~ ¶h bJ^J gånyU© ê$n go Ho$db EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ à{VñWmnZ

Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘mZ hr Wm& AV… hb H$m {gÕmÝV CÎmoOZm-à{V{H«$¶m H$m hr

Xÿgam ê$n Wm& O¡gm D$na ~Vm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ hb Ho$ {dMma ì¶dhmadmXr

h¢, naÝVw VH©$ d {gÕmÝV Ho$ àñVwVrH$aU ‘| hb à¶moJdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ go

^r A{YH$ à^m{dV h¡& hb grIZo ‘| MoVZm H$m ñWmZ Zht ‘mZVo h¢, CÝhm|Zo

grIZo H$s ì¶dhmadmXr Am¡a ¶mpÝÌH$ ì¶m»¶m CnpñWV H$s h¡& ¶m{ÝÌH$ grIZo

‘| Aä¶mg H$m {deof ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&

hb Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV n[aUm‘ à^md Ho$ {Z¶‘ VWm

nmdbm°d Ho$ gå~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na hr AnZo {gÕmÝV

H$mo àñVwV {H$¶m h¡& CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhma Ho$ {gÕmÝV

Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ZdrZ ê$n 1951 ‘|

àH$m{eV ì¶dhma Ho$ Amdí¶H$ VÎd Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ ‘| {H$¶m& CgZo nwZ~©bZ

na {deoîm ~b {X¶m& Cg g‘¶ go CgH$m {gÕmÝV nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV

H$hbmZo bJm& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm VWm à{H«$¶m na hr

~b Zht {X¶m, naÝVw grIZo dmbm| H$r ‘ZmoXem, CZH$r Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm

bú¶m| H$mo ^r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m&

6.7.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶mhb Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m 17 ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m|, 17 Cn-{gÕmÝVm| VWm

133 à‘o¶ Ho$ AmYma na H$s h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$m AmYma Amdí¶H$VmAm|

H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh Cg AmMaU AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo grI boVm h¡& hb















nwZ~©bZ ¶m g~brH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZVo h¢, {Oggo àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|

H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡ VÏmm MmbH$ H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡& hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m

‘| MmbH$ H$m ~hþV ‘hÎd ~Vm¶m h¡& àoaUm àmUr H$s emar[aH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| MmbH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr

h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| àmUr Hw$N> Zhr§ grI gH$Vm& A{^àoaUm Ho$

H$maU hr dh {d{eîQ> {H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& A{^àoaUm Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr {H«$¶m

H$aZm àmaå^ H$a XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmUr H$s {H«$¶mE± CÔoí¶nyU©

hmo OmVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m H$aZo go Cgo nwañH$ma {‘bVm h¡, Vmo àmUr Cgr

{H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡& Bg àH$ma nwañH$ma àmUr ‘| CÎmoOZm VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$

gå~ÝY H$mo nwîQ> ¶m Ñ‹T> H$aVm h¡& ¶h nwañH$ma hr nwZ~©bZ h¡&

Bg àH$ma bú¶ àm{á go CÎmoOZm Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY Ñ‹T>

hmo OmVm h¡& Bggo àmUr Ho$ AÝXa VZmd H$‘ hmo OmVm h¡, {Oggo Cgo {d{eîQ>

AZw{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡& AV… grIZo H$m H$m¶© Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©

H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Amdí¶H$Vm H$s H$‘r, Amdí¶H$Vm ny{V© H$aZo Ho$

{bE hmoZr Mm{hE&

hb Ho$ AZwgma O~ Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo S-R Omo

Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo Ho$ g‘¶ àñVwV hmoVo h¢, Ñ‹T> hmo OmVo h¢& Bg àH$ma hb

n[aUm‘ H$m {Z¶‘ Am¡a gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ {Z¶‘ XmoZm| H$mo {‘bm XoVo h¢&

Amdí¶H$Vm H$‘ hmoZo H$m VmËn¶© hr ¶h h¡ {H$ g’$b à{V{H«$¶m hþB© h¡& g’$b

à{V{H«$¶m S-R gå~ÝY H$mo ‘O~yV ~ZmVr h¡&

6.7.2 nwZ~©bZ H$s AdñWmE±hb Zo g~brH$aU ¶m nwZ~©bZ H$s Xmo AdñWmE± ~VmB© h¢-

1. àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ

àmW{‘H$ nwZ~©bZ go VmËn¶© CZ CÎmoOZmAm| go h¡, {OZgo {H$gr àmUr H$s

Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Am OmVr h¡& O¡go ^moOZ Ho$ Im boZo go ^moOZ H$s

Amdí¶H$VmAm|o H$s ny{V© hmo OmVr h¢ Bg àH$ma àmUr Cg {H«$¶m H$mo XmohamVm h¡,

{Oggo Cgo ^moOZ {‘bVm h¡&

2. {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ

ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| hb Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ gmdYmZr go {H$¶o J¶o

AdbmoH$Zm| Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo ‘w»¶ ê$n go CÀM Ordm| na {H$¶o J¶o AdbmoH$Zm|

Am¡a à¶moJm| Zo Eogr n[apñW{V¶m± àH$Q> H$s h¢, {OZ‘| A{YJ‘ Vmo hmoVm h¡, naÝVw

CgHo$ gmW {H$gr àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&

^moOZ H$mo ^yI Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m J¶m h¡, naÝVw ^moOZ {‘b OmZo na

^r O~ VH$ dh Im Zht {b¶m OmVm Am¡a hO‘ Zht hmo OmVm, V~ VH$ CgH$s

Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Zht hmoVr&

dñVwV… ¶h àVrV hmoVm h¡ {H$ ^yI Ho$ gÝVwîQ> hmoZo go nyd© nwZ~©bZ

hmoVm h¡& n¡gm EH$ nwZ~©bZ H$m gmYZ h¡, naÝVw Bggo àË¶j ê$n go {H$gr

àmW{‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© Zht hmoVr, O~ VH$ {H$ Bggo {H$gr MrO H$s

àm{á Zht H$a br OmVr h¡& AV… hb Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ nwZ~©bZ A{^H$aU EH$

Eogr n[apñW{V Ho$ ê$n ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| Eogo CÛrnZm| H$m EH$ ¶m¡{JH$

g‘wÀM¶ hmoo {OgH$m Amdí¶H$Vm ‘| H$‘r Ho$ gmW {ZH$Q> Am¡a gwg§JV gå~ÝY

ahm hmo& Bgr H$mo {ÛVr¶H$ nwZ~©bZ H$hm OmVm h¡&

6.7.3 hb Ho$ à¶moJhb Zo EH$ Xmo ImZm| dmbm {nÝOam {b¶m& Xÿgao ImZo ‘| OmZo Ho$ {bE ~rM H$s

Xrdma ‘| EH$ gwamI Wm& EH$ ImZo ‘| Myhm aIm J¶m VWm ~rM H$s Xrdma ‘|

{dÚwV-Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Bg CÎmoOH$ go Myhm AZoH$ àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mE±

H$aZo bJm, CN>b-Hy$X H$aZo bJm, {nÝOao H$s N>‹S>m| H$mo H$mQ>Zo bJm& AÝV

‘|, dh Cg N>oX Ho$ Ûmam Xÿgao ImZo ‘| Hy$X J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² Xÿgao ImZo ‘|

{dÚwV Ymam àdm{hV H$s JB©& Eogm V~$ VH$ Xmoham¶m J¶m, O~ VH$ Myho Zo Xÿgao

ImZo ‘| Hy$XZm Zhr§ grI {b¶m& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ Bg àH$ma H$m grIZm n[aUm‘

Ho$ {Z¶‘ Ho$ H$maU hþAm&

Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘| {~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go Xmo g¡H$ÊS> nhbo EH$ KÊQ>r

~OmB© OmVr h¡& Myhm KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO gwZH$a erK« hr Hy$XZm grI J¶m& Myhm

{~Obr H$m PQ>H$m XoZo go nyd© hr Hy$XZo bJVm h¡, ¶h grIZm gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m

Ho$ H$maU hþAm&

6.7.4 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. hb grIZo H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y¶m| VH$ hr

gr{‘V aIVo h¢&2. hb grIZo ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm na ~b Z XoH$a {ZfoYmË‘H$ àoaUm

na ~b XoVo h¢& N>mÌ {dÚmb¶m| ‘| Bg H$maU Zht OmVo {H$ CÝh| OmZm hr h¡& do dhm± Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE OmVo h¢, Hw$N> H$m¡Vwhb VWm ImoO Ho$ H$maUde ^r OmVo h¢&

3. Q>m°b‘¡Z grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| nwZ~©bZ H$mo Amdí¶H$ Zht ‘mZVm& Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ¶h Amn{Îm CR>mB© JB© {H$ ¶{X àmUr H$s grIZo H$s AZw{H«$¶m nwZ~©bZ go hr Ñ‹T> hmoVr h¡, Vmo H$îQ> H$s n[apñW{V ‘| àmUr H¡$go grIVm h¡?

4. hb H$m {gÕmÝV Myhm| H$mo grIZo ‘| Mmho {H$VZm hr ghr ³¶m| Z hmo, CgH$mo ‘mZd Ho$ grIZo ‘| ghr Zht ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡&

5. hb H$mo J{UV go AË¶{YH$ ào‘ Wm& Bg{bE CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV

Ho$ AÝVJ©V ñd¶§ {g{Õ¶m| H$s ì¶m»¶m AZmdí¶H$ ê$n go A§H$m|

‘| H$s h¡& ¶mZr CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ‘mÌmË‘H$ ~ZmZo H$m nyU© à¶mg {H$¶m h¡&

6.7.5 hb Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm1. hb H$m {gÕmÝV A{YH$ Znm-Vwbm VWm ewÕ h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm|

na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m h¡, ³¶m|{H$ do àmUr H$s ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmAm|

go gå~Õ h¡&2. hb Zo grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| Ho$db CÎmoOZm Am¡a à{H«$¶m na hr ~b

Zht {X¶m, A{nVw grIZo dmbm| H$s ‘ZmoXem, Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm

bú¶m| H$mo r C{MV ñWmZ {X¶m h¡& dmñdV ‘| hb H$s ¶h g§H$ënZm

g‘H$mbrZ {ejm ‘| g~go ~‹S>m ¶moJ Xo gH$Vr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ dh H$jm ‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {H«$¶mH$bmnm| H$m ~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$

gmW gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE EH$ Vm{H©$H$ AmYma àXmZ H$aVr h¡&






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3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m H$jm {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h

{gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s

Amdí¶H$VmAm| VWm é{M¶m| na ~b {X¶m Om¶o&

4. ~mbH$m| H$s g’$bVm na CÝh| nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmE&

5. nmR²>¶dñVw ~mbH$ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm go gå~pÝYV hmoZr Mm{hE&

6. N>mÌm| H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$aZr

Mm{hE&

7. H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr nmR²>¶dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{hE&

6.8 gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶m AZwHy${bV

AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝVgå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ earaemñÌr AmB©.

nr. nmdbm°d Zo 1904 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$m AW© h¡ Añdm^m{dH$

(~ZmdQ>r) CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ (dmñV{dH$) à{V{H«$¶m ¶m AZw{H«$¶m

H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m h¡&

~Zm©S>© Ho$ eãXm| ‘| AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m CÎmoOZm H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Ûmam ì¶dhma

H$m ñdMmbZ h¡, {Og‘| CÎmoOZm nhbo {H$gr {deof AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ gmW bJr

ahVr h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| dh {H$gr ì¶dhma H$m H$maU ~Z OmVr h¡, Omo nhbo ‘mÌ

gmW bJr hþB© Wr&

^moOZ XoIH$a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJVr h¡& ¶hm± ^moOZ

EH$ ñdm^m{dV CÎmoOH$ ¶m CÔrnH$ h¡ Am¡a Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zm EH$

ñdm^m{dH$ {H«$¶m ¶m ghO à{H«$¶m h¡, na ¶{X {H$gr Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$

Ho$ H$maU hr Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJo, Vmo Bgo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m

¶m gå~Õ à{V{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V

ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m

H$hVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$

g‘mZ hmoZo dmbr à{V{H«$¶m H$mo gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m H$hVo h¢& BgHo$ AW© H$mo

Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘ b¢S>b Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ gå~Õ

ghO-{H«$¶m ‘| H$m¶© Ho$ à{V ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ ~Om¶ EH$ à^mdhrZ

CÎmoOH$ hmoVm h¡, Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ go gå~pÝYV {H$¶o OmZo Ho$ H$maU

à^mdnyU© hmo OmVm h¡&

O~ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ Am¡a H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ AZoH$ ~ma gmW-gmW AmVo

h¢, Vmo XmoZm| ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY BVZm à^mdembr

hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ H¥${Ì‘ CÔrnH$ àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s gmar {deofVmE± J«hU H$a

boVm h¡ VWm àmH¥${VH$ CÔrnH$ H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| Ho$db Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$

go hr AZw{H«$¶m gå^d hmo OmVr h¡&

6.8.1 nmdbm°d H$m à¶moJgå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m gå~ÝY eara {dkmZ go h¡& BgHo$ ‘mZZo

dmbo {deof ê$n go ì¶dhmadmXr h¢& CZH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ grIZm EH$ àH$ma

go CÔrnH$ Am¡a à{V{H«$¶m H$m gå~ÝY h¡& Bg {dMma H$mo gË¶ {gÕ H$aZo Ho$

{bE ê$gr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ nmdbm°d Zo Hw$Îmo na EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m& CgZo Hw$Îmo H$mo

^moOZ XoZo go nhbo Hw$N> {XZm| VH$ KÊQ>r ~OmB©& CgHo$ ~mX CgZo ^moOZ Z

XoH$a Ho$db KÊQ>r ~OmB©& V~ ^r Hw$Îmo Ho$ ‘w±h go bma Q>nH$Zo bJr& BgH$m

H$maU ¶h Wm {H$ Hw$Îmo Zo KÊQ>r ~OZo go ¶h grI {b¶m Wm {H$ Cgo ^moOZ

{‘boJm& KÊQ>r Ho$ à{V Hw$Îmo H$s Bg à{V{H«$¶m H$mo nmdbm°d Zo gå~Õ ghO-

{H«$¶m H$s g§km Xr&

Hw$Îmo Ho$ g‘mZ ~mbH$ Am¡a ì¶p³V r gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m Ûmam grIVo

h¢& nHo$ hþE Am‘m| ¶m {‘R>mB© H$mo XoIH$a ~mbH$m| Ho$ ‘w±h ‘| nmZr Am OmVm h¢,

CëQ>r H$aZm AZoH$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ghO-{H«$¶m h¡, na AZoH$ ‘| ¶h gå~Õ

ghO-{H«$¶m ^r h¡& nhm‹S> na ~g ‘| ¶mÌm H$aVo g‘¶ Hw$N> ì¶p³V CëQ>r H$aZo

bJVo h¢& CZ‘| go Hw$N> Eogo ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZH$mo ¶mÌm àmaå^ hmoZo go nhbo hr

CëQ>r hmoZo bJVr h¡& Hw$N> bmoJ Xÿgam| H$mo CëQ>r H$aVo hþE XoIH$a CëQ>r H$aZo

bJVo h¢&

Ohm± Añdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ H$m ñWmZ J«hU H$a

bo, dhm± ghO-à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm hmoVm h¡& ghO-à{V{H«$¶m H$m VÝÌ Bg

AmYma na {dH${gV hmoVm h¡-1. ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m

^moOZ (UCS) - bma (UCR)2. Añdm^m{dH$+ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ (UCR) - ñdm^m{dH$ AZw{H«$¶m

KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO+ ^moOZ (UCS)- bma H$m Q>nH$Zm& (UCR)

3. AZwHy${bV CÎmoOH$ (CS)- AZwHy${bV AZw{H«$¶m (CR)

UCS - Unconditioned Stimulus UCR - Unconditioned Response CS - Conditioned Stimulus

CR - Conditioned Response

6.8.2 nmdbm°d Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ JwU Ed§ {deofVmE±1. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo H$s ñdm^m{dH$ {d{Y ~VmVm h¡& AV… ¶h

~mbH$m| H$mo {ejm XoZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&2. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU Am¡a dmVmdaU go CZH$m

gm‘§Oñ¶ ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡&















3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^¶-gå~ÝYr amoJm| H$m

CnMma {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

4. g‘mO-‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ {dÛmZm| Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$m g‘yh Ho$

{Z‘m©U ‘| ~hþV ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&

5. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m| ‘|

AÀN>o ì¶dhma Am¡a CÎm‘ AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡&

6. H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma ¶h {gÕmÝV CZ {df¶m| H$s {ejm Ho$ {bE

~hþV Cn¶moJr h¡, {OZ‘| {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡, O¡go-

gwboI Am¡a Aja-{dÝ¶mg&

7. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma gå~Õ ghO-{H«$¶m AmYma^yV {gÕmÝV h¡,

{Og na grIZm {Z^©a ahVm h¡&

6.8.3 dmQ>gZ H$m à¶moJCÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV ‘mZd ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z bmVo h¢

Am¡a ¶h Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ d CZHo$ gh¶moJr Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ go {gÕ hþAm&

CÔrnH$ AZw{H«$¶m AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV na gZ² 1920 ‘| à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr

Om°Z ~r. dmQ>gZ Ed§ CZHo$ gh¶moJr amogmobr aoZmoa Ûmam AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m J¶m&

CÝhm|Zo EH$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Zo H¡$go g§doJmË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI {b¶m,

Bg na à¶moJ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo EH$ 11 ‘mh Ho$ N>moQ>o ~ÀMo Eë~Q>© na à¶moJ {H$¶m&

g~go nhbo CÝhm|Zo ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo bmoho H$s am°S> na hWm¡‹S>o go MmoQ> bJmB©, {Ogo

gwZH$a ~ÀMm ~ma-~ma S>a OmVm Wm ¶m CN>b n‹S>Vm Wm& ~ÀMo H$m ~ma-~ma

S>a OmZm EH$ AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m h¡& Bgo h‘ ñdV… ào[aV à{V{H«$¶m

^r H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$m OÝ‘ {OgHo$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡, Cgo

AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ H$hVo h¢& BZ UCS XmoZm| Am¡a UCR H$m gå~ÝY

aoâbo³g AmH©$ H$hbmVm h¡& AWm©V²

AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH $" AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m

UCS - VoO AmdmO " UCR - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm

Bg àH$ma ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW S>aH$a amoZm ZE CÎmoOH$ Ho$

gmW {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ H$maU ñd¶§ CËnÝZ hþAm ì¶dhma h¡& dmQ>gZ

Ûmam Bgr à¶moJ ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo VoO AmdmO Ho$ gmW hr EH$ g’o$X IaJmoe ^r

{XIm¶m J¶m Am¡a Bgo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m, {Oggo AmdmO Am¡a IaJmoe ‘|

{ZH$Q> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m Am¡a {’$a ~mX ‘| {g’©$ IaJmoe {XImE OmZo

na ^r ~ÀMm Cgr Vah go S>aH$a amoZo bJm, O¡go VoO AmdmO gwZH$a amoVm Wm,

{Oggo ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ IaJmoe (CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$) Am¡a VoO AmdmO

XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM AZw~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo J¶m&

AWm©V² CXmgrZ CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ Ho$ O¡gm hr H$m¶© {H$¶m&

Bg‘| AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ Zo ñdm^m{dH$ CÎmoOH$ IaJmoe Am¡a AZw~pÝYV

AZw{H«$¶m ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm h¡& O¡go-

1. AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ CÎmoOH$ - AZw~ÝYZ{dhrZ AZw{H«$¶m

UCS (VoO AmdmO) - UCR (~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm)

2. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - ~ÀMo H$m S>aH$a amoZm

CS+ UCS (g’o$X IaJmoe + VoO AmdmO)

3. AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ - AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m

CS (g’o$X IaJmoe) - CR (S>aH$a amoZm)

Cn¶w©³V à¶moJ Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {ZH$Q>Vm Ho$ {gÕmÝV

H$m ~ma-~ma Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ h‘ ~ÀMo ‘| IaJmoe (AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$) Ûmam S>a

CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bgr àH$ma h‘ AÝ¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ^r ñdm^m{dH$ d

AZw~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gH$Vo h¢&

6.8.4 {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶VmBg {gÕmÝV H$m H$m’$s e¡{jH$ ‘hÎd h¡& EH$ Hw$eb {ejH$ H$jm {ejU ‘| BgH$m

gH$mamË‘H$ Cn¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$s é{M AnZo {df¶ ‘| OmJ«V² H$a gH$Vm h¡&

ghO {H«$¶m ‘| ^¶, ào‘, é{M, K¥Um Am{X CËnÝZ {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& AÜ¶mnH$

AnZo {df¶ ‘| é{M {ZåZ{b{IV VarH$m| go CËnÝZ H$a gH$Vm h¡-

1. ~mbH$m| go ghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aHo$&2. Ñí¶-lì¶ gm‘J«r O¡go- {MÌ, MmQ>©, {’$ë‘ Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$

nmR> H$mo é{MH$a ~ZmH$a&3. J¥h-H$m¶© H$s Om±M ‘| ZH$mamË‘H$ {Q>ßnUr Z XoH$a gH$mamË‘H$

{Q>ßnUr XoZm& Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVo hþE ^r J¥h-H$m¶© ‘| AÀN>o {~ÝXþ ImoOH$a nhbo CZH$s àe§gm H$aZm {’$a H${‘¶m| na {Q>ßnUr H$aZm& O¡go- ¶{X {H$gr ~mbH$ H$m boI gwÝXa h¡, {H$ÝVw dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± H$m’$s h¢, Vmo {ZåZ{b{IV {Q>ßnUr XoZm- AmnH$m boI gwÝXa h¡& CÎma H$mo dV©Zr H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± gwYmH$a Am¡a ^r AÀN>m ~Zm gH$Vo h¢&

Eogm H$aZo na ~mbH$ Cg AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| é{M boZo bJoJm VWm

Cg {df¶ H$mo H$‘ g‘¶ ‘| AÀN>r Vah go grI gHo$Jm& BgHo$ {dnarV ¶{X

AÜ¶mnH$ ~mbH$ go AghmZw^y{VnyU© ì¶dhma H$aoJm VWm Jb{V¶m| na gXm

àVm{‹S>V H$aVm ahoJm, Vmo ~mbH$ Cg AÜ¶mnH$ go VWm CgHo$ Ûmam n‹T>m¶o OmZo

dmbo {df¶ go H$VamZo bJoJm& dh H$jm go ^mJZo bJoJm& Cg‘| VZmd, ^½Zmem

Am{X CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢, {OZgo emar[aH$ amoJ ^r CËnÝZ hmo gH$Vo h¢&

6.9 ES>{dZ Ama. JwWar H$m gm{ÝZÜ¶dmQ>gZ Ho$ ‘yb {dMmam| go gh‘{V àH$Q> H$aVo hþE JwWar Zo AnZo {dMmam| H$m

à{VnmXZ {H$¶m& BZH$m {dMma h¡ {H$ CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m EH$ ~ma ^r EH$

gmW ¶{X K{Q>V hmo OmVr h¡, Vmo CZ‘| EH$ gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a

^{dî¶ ‘| O~ ^r dh gå~pÝYV CÎmoOH$ àñVwV hmoVm h¡, Vmo dhr à{V{H«$¶m

^r hmo gH$Vr h¡&

JwWar Zo CÎmoOH$ H$mo Xmo ^mJm| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡- ^m¡{VH$ CÎmoOH$ VWm J{V

CÎmoOH$& JwWar Zo J{V CÎmoOH$ H$mo àmapå^H$ Ed§ ‘yb CÎmoOZm ‘mZm h¡ VWm

J{V CÎmoOH$ H$s àYmZVm H$mo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m h¡& O~ àmUr EH$ J{V H$a boVm

h¡, Vmo dhr J{V AmJo H$s J{V Ho$ {bE CÎmoOH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgH$m AW©

¶h ^r h¡ {H$ J{V hr CÎmoOH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& ¶hr CÎmoOH$ àXm¶H$ J{V H$hr

Om gH$Vr h¡& AV… grIZm J{V go gå~pÝYV h¡, {H«$¶m go gå~pÝYV Zht

h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m à^md H$m {Z¶‘ J{V H$s Anojm {H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm

h¡& Bg àH$ma JwWar Zo Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam grIZo Ho$ ‘yb {Z¶‘ H$s Cnojm H$aHo$






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AmbmoMZm H$s h¡& JwWar H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr g^r {Z¶‘m| H$mo

EH$ hr {Z¶‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&

JwWar Zo à¶moJ n[aUm‘ na AmYm[aV ¶h {ZîH$f© kmV {H$¶m h¡ {H$

CÎmoOH$ VWm à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gå~ÝY gd©àW‘ à¶mg go hr ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar VWm hm°Q>©Z Ûmam {~ëbr na {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ Ho$

AmYma na H$s JB© Wr& JwWar Ho$ à¶moJ go {~ëbr {Og àH$ma H$s J{V go {nÝOao

Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm ImVr h¡, AÝ¶ à¶mgm| go dhr {H«$¶m ~ma-~ma XþhamVr

h¡, {Og {H«$¶m H$mo CgZo àW‘ ~ma H$aHo$ {nÝOao go ~mha {ZH$bH$a ImZm

àmá {H$¶m Wm& A{YJ‘ H$s g‘m{á H$s ì¶m»¶m JwWar gmhM¶© Ho$ hr AmYma na

H$aVo h¢& ¶{X CÎmoOH$ à{V{H«$¶m ‘| gmhM¶© hmo OmZo Ho$ ~mX r CÎmoOH$ Ho$ à{V

H$moB© Xÿgar J{V {gIm¶r OmVr h¡, Vmo ZdrZ J{V H$mo Adamo{YV H$a XoVr h¡&

6.10 CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV AWdm

g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝVBZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ ì¶dhmadmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m

gå~ÝY) Ho$ {damoY Ho$ ’$bñdê$n {H$¶m J¶m h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ à{VnmXZ

H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ¶ÝÌdV² à{H«$¶m

Zht hmoVr, daZ² grIZm, AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWdm gyP, g‘P, VH©$, ñ‘¥{V Am¡a AÝ¶

‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& BZ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s

n[apñW{V ‘| H$B© g‘ñ¶mE± ¶m CÔrnZ hmoVo h¢& grIZo dmbo ì¶p³V H$mo BZ

CÔrnZm| Ho$ AW© Ed§ BZ‘§o hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh

BZHo$ AW© Am¡a BZ‘| hmoZo dmbo gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘P boVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$

‘| g^r g‘ñ¶mAm| (CÔrnZm|) H$m EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Z³em {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡

Am¡a Bgo hr gr»mZm H$hVo h¢& Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$s ^y{‘H$m

‘w»¶ hmoVr h¡& Bg loUr ‘| dXu‘a, H$mohba, H$moâH$m, {n¶mOo, Q>m°b‘¡Z,

Cgy~ob, ~y«Za Am{X Ho$ {gÕmÝV AmVo h¢& Hw$N> à‘wI CÔrnZ-CÔrnZ {gÕmÝV

AWdm g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. gyP H$m {gÕmÝV2. g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV3. d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV

4. H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝV

5. A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV6. ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

6.11 gyP H$m {gÕmÝVBg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘J«mH¥${V H$m {gÕmÝV, AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV, JoñQ>mëQ>

{gÕmÝV Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r OmZm OmVm h¡& O‘©Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX JoñQ>mëQ> H$m

AW© h¡- AmH$ma, g§aMZm AWdm à{Vê$n& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {deofH$a

dXu‘a, H$moâH$m Am¡a H$mohba Zo {H$¶m& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V

AWdm àmUr {H$gr ^r à{H«$¶m H$mo gyP Ûmam grIVm h¡& gyP H$mo AÝVÑ©pîQ>

^r H$hVo h¢& O~ ^r àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Hw$N> grIVm h¡, Vmo dh grIZo go

gå~pÝYV ha n[apñW{V Ed§ nhby H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡& BgHo$ {bE

dh n[apñW{V Ho$ àË¶oH$ nhby H$mo ZE T>§J go g‘P H$a CZHo$ ‘Ü¶ Amngr

gå~ÝYm| H$mo g‘PZo H$s H$mo{ee H$aVm h¡ Am¡a BZHo$ AmYma na CÝh| g§J{R>V

H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& Bgr Xm¡amZ CgHo$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| AMmZH$ H$moB© {dMma

H$m¢YVm h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam dh AnZr grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyar H$aVm h¡& Bg

AMmZH$ H$m¢YZo dmbo {dMma H$mo gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h gyP AMmZH$

hmoVr h¡, CgHo$ {bE {H$gr Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

’$Zm©ëS> Am¡a ’$Zm©ëS> Ho$ AZwgma -

gyP H$m VmËn¶© Bg ~mV go h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m gå~ÝYm|

Ho$ Yrao-Yrao ~ZZo go Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ CÔrnZm| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo AMmZH$

g‘PZo go hmoVm h¡&

grIZo dmbo Ho$ AÝXa AMmZH$ CËnÝZ gyP Ûmam àmUr ghr AZw{H«$¶m

H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg Vah dh EH$ ~ma ‘| ghr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo H$aZm grI boVm h¡&

¶h {gÕmÝV H$mohba Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> à¶moJm| na AmYm[aV h¡&

H$mohba Zo H$B© Vah Ho$ newAm|, dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, ‘wJu VWm Hw$Îmo na à¶moJ {H$E&

H$mohba Zo AnZo BZ à¶moJm| go {ZåZ{b{IV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo-1. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g~go nhbo gånyU© n[apñW{V H$m

àË¶jrH$aU H$aVm h¡&2. grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V gyP H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡&3. grIZo dmbm àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V Ag’$b à¶moJ Ho$ ~mX {dMma

H$aVm h¡, gmoMVm h¡ Am¡a Cgo AMmZH$ g’$b AZw{H«$¶m gyPVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$mo H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$m grIZm nyU© hmoVm h¡&

4. g‘ñ¶m H$m hb EH$ à¶mg ‘| ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a H$B© à¶mgm| Ûmam ^r&

5. gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡ Am¡a àË¶oH$ ì¶dhma AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmoVm h¡&

6. O~ àmUr AWdm ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ

àH$ma Ho$ AÝdofUmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² ^r g’$b Zht hmoVm h¡, Vmo dh Wmo‹S>r Xoa Ho$ {bE CXmg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZpîH«$¶ hmoH$a MwnMmn ~¡R> OmVm h¡&

7. H$mohba Ho$ AZwgma O~ àmUr AWdm ‘Zwî¶ bJmVma Ag’$bVm

Ho$ H$maU {ZpîH«$¶ hmoH$a ~¡R> OmVm h¡, Vmo Hw$N> g‘¶ Ho$ ~mX Cgo AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb gyPVm h¡& ¶h gyP AnZo Amn Am OmVr h¡ Am¡a dh g‘ñ¶m H$m hb H$a boVm h¡& gyP CËnÝZ hmoZo go

ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ Am¡a Cnm¶ Ho$ ‘Ü¶ EH$ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> {XImB©

XoZo bJVm h¡&8. H$mohba Zo gyP Ûmam grIo JE kmZ Ho$ ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ JwU H$mo

naIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ narjU {H$¶m& Bggo CÝhm|Zo ¶h {ZîH$f©

{ZH$mbm {H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo H$m ñWmZmÝVaU hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma

grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m O~ gyP Ûmam hmoVr h¡, Vmo dh AMmZH$ hmoVr h¡&

H$mohba Zo BZ g~ {ZîH$fm] H$mo g§J{R>V ê$n ‘| g‘J«mH¥${V {gÕmÝV H$s

g§km Xr& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| gyP Ûmam grIm OmVm h¡& Bg{bE Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Bgo

gyP H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo h¢ Am¡a Bg àH$ma Ho$ grIZo H$mo gyP Ûmam grIZm H$hVo h¢&















6.11.1 H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJH$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| H$m {d{YdV² AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ CgHo$ gyP ¶m AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {gÕmÝV

H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& H$mohba Zo Q>o{Z[a’$ Ûrn ‘| N>h yIo dZ‘mZwfm|

H$mo EH$ bH$‹S>r Ho$ H$Q>Kao ‘| aIH$a AnZm à¶moJ àmaå^ {H$¶m& BZ N>h dZ‘mZwfm| ‘|

EH$ gdm©{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ dZ‘mZwf H$m M¶Z {H$¶m, {OgH$m Zm‘ H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ

aIm& H$mohba Zo AnZo A{YH$m§e à¶moJ gwëVmZ na hr {H$E& H$mohba Zo AnZo

A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE gwëVmZ Ho$ gm‘Zo Xmo àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m¶|

H«$‘e… N>‹S>r g‘ñ¶m VWm ~³gm g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$s-

1. N>‹S>r g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ

H$mohba Zo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$aHo$ Cgo nmg

EH$ ZwH$sbr N>‹S>r aI Xr VWm {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo BVZr Xÿa aIo {H$ dZ‘mZwf

hmW ’¡$bmH$a CÝh| àmá Z H$a gHo$& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZo hmW ’¡$bmH$a

Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m, bo{H$Z dh g’$b Zht hmo gH$m& ^yI go

ì¶mHw$b dZ‘mZwf H$s ZOa H$Q>Ka ‘| aIr hþB© N>‹S>r na n‹S>r& N>‹S>r H$mo CR>mH$a

CgHo$ ghmao dh Ho$bo AnZo g‘rn ItMH$a VWm CZgo AnZr jwYm emÝV

H$aHo$ gÝVwîQ> hmo J¶m& BgHo$ níMmV² H$mohba Zo {nÝOao ‘| Xmo N>[‹S>¶m± aIr, Omo

EH$ Xÿgao ‘| {’$Q> hmoH$a bå~r hmo gH$Vr Wr& {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha A~ AnojmH¥$V

A{YH$ Xÿar na Ho$bo aIo JE& ^yIo dZ‘mZwf Zo nwZ… hmW ’¡$bmH$a Ho$bo àmá

H$aZo Mmho, bo{H$Z dh AnZo à¶mg ‘| g’$b Zht hþAm& nwZ… CgZo ~‹S>r N>‹S>r

H$mo nH$‹S>H$a Ho$bo àmßV H$aZo Mmho {’$a ^r Cgo Ho$bm| H$s àm{á ‘| g’$bVm

Zht {‘br& Ho$bo nmZo H$s ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| dh XmoZm| N>{‹S>¶m| go IobZo bJm& EH$mEH$

N>moQ>r N>‹S>r, ~‹S>r N>‹S>r ‘| {’$Q> hmo JB©, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n N>‹S>r bå~r hmo JB©

Am¡a A~ Bg bå~r N>‹S>s H$s ghm¶Vm go dh Ho$bo nmZo ‘| g’$b hmo J¶m VWm

CÝh| ImH$a dh gÝVwîQ> hþAm& Xÿgao {XZ nwZ… dZ‘mZwf H$mo Cgr pñW{V ‘| aIm

J¶m, Vmo nm¶m J¶m {H$ dh {~Zm A{YH$ g‘¶ bJm¶o N>{‹S>¶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a erK«

Ho$bm| H$mo ItM boVm h¡& dZ‘mZwf Zo AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ EH$mEH$ {‘br

gyP H$s ghm¶Vm go {H$¶m& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ hoVw gyP {‘bZo go nhbo dZ‘mZwf

Zo {nÝOao H$s pñW{V, Ho$bo H$s Xÿar, N>‹S>r H$s bå~mB© Am{X ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV

H$aHo$ gyP Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$ bú¶ H$mo àmá {H$¶m& h‘mao A{YJ‘

‘| Bg àH$ma gyP H$m VÎd ‘w»¶ hmoVm h¡&

2. ~³gm g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr à¶moJ

H$mohba ‘hmoX¶ Zo ^yIo gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¡ÝOr ¶m dZ‘mZwf H$mo EH$ {nÝOao

‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m& {nÝOao H$s N>V ‘| Hw$N> Ho$bo Bg àH$ma Q>m±J {XE {H$ hmW

’¡$bmZo na ^r do CgH$s nhþ±M Ho$ ~mha Wo& {nÝOao ‘| VrZ-VrZ Imbr ~³go

S>mb {XE OmVo h¡& dZ‘mZwf Ho$bm| H$mo XoIH$a CN>b-Hy$X H$a CZH$mo àmá H$aZo

H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡& dh Ho$bm| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| AnZo H$mo Ag’$b nmVm h¡&

ì¶mHw$bVm ‘| Hw$N> g‘¶ níMmV² dh ’$e© na n‹S>o hþE Imbr ~³gm| H$mo XoIVm h¡&

nhbo dh EH$ ~³go H$mo Ho$bo Ho$ ZrMo aIVm h¡ Am¡a Cg na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá

H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, bo{H$Z Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& Hw$N> g‘¶ ~mX

dh Xÿgam ~³gm nhbo ~³go na aIH$a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, na

{’$a ^r Cgo g’$bVm Zht {‘bVr h¡& BgHo$ níMmV dh nwZ… gånyU© n[apñW{V

H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AMmZH$ Vrgam ~³gm ^r Cgo {XImB© XoVm h¡& dh

Vrgao ~³go H$mo Xÿgao na aIH$a Cg na M‹T> OmVm h¡ Am¡a Ho$bo àmá H$aZo ‘|

g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Xÿgao {XZ ^r ^yIo dZ‘mZwf H$mo Bgr pñW{V ‘| aIm OmVm

h¡, Vmo dh Ho$bm| H$mo nhbo H$s Anojm H$‘ g‘¶ ‘o§ hr àmá H$a boVm h¡&

H$mohba Ho$ Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| à¶moJm| go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$

AÝVJ©V A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ Ho$ Xmo ñVam| na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡-1. àË¶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- àË¶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na

àmUr kmZopÝÐ¶m| H$s ghm¶Vm go g‘J« n[apñW{V H$m àË¶j kmZ hmoZo na à{V{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡, V~ dh grIVm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ ~³go gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘| A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m àË¶j kmZmË‘H$ ñVa na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&

2. àË¶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘- àË¶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m ‘| ‘pñVîH$ V~ ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡, O~ {H$gr Ho$ gm‘Zo O{Q>b g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a emar[aH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ gmW ~w{Õ H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡& H$mohba Ho$ N>‹S>r gå~ÝYr à¶moJ ‘|o

A{YJ‘ H$s {H«$¶m àË¶¶mË‘H$ ñVa na gånm{XV hmoVr h¡&

6.11.2 dXu‘a H$m à¶moJdXu‘a Zo 1880 ‘| {dkmnZmo§ Ho$ g§Ho$Vm| ‘| bmBQ> Ho$ Ky‘Zo Ho$ Ñí¶ H$m AÜ¶¶Z

{H$¶m& BZ {dkmnZm| ‘| bmBQ> EH$ ñWmZ go Xÿgao ñWmZ H$s Amoa MbVr ZOa

AmVr h¡, O~{H$ dmñVd ‘| EH$ Ho$ AÝVa dmbo ~ë~ gmW ObVo h¢ Am¡a AÝ¶






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~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& Bg àH$ma ¶{X ~ë~ 1,3,5,7, ObVo h¢, Vmo 2,4,6,8

g§»¶m dmbo ~ë~ ~ÝX hmoVo h¢& à{Vnb ~ë~m| H$m EH$ Ho$ AÝVa go ObZm Ed§

~ÝX hmoZm Eogm àH$Q> H$aVm h¡ {H$ ~ë~ H$s bmBQ> Mb ahr h¡& Bg Ñí¶ go

ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ gånyU© {H$g àH$ma CgHo$ ^mJm| go {^ÝZVm aIVm h¡& Bg

{gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡ {H$ gånyU© Ho$ JwU CgHo$ A§Jm| H$m

àË¶jrH$aU H$aZo H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢ Am¡a g‘¶ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm

CgHo$ {d{^ÝZ VÎdm| H$s {deofVmAm| Ûmam Zht, A{nVw CgH$s AmÝV[aH$ àH¥${V

Ûmam bJm¶m OmVm h¡&

6.11.3 à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> VWm gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| AÝVa1. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| àmUr n[apñW{V H$mo Zht g‘P nmVm

h¡, O~{H$ gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| dh Cgo AÀN>r Vah g‘PVm h¡&

2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ {d[Y emar[aH$ Hw$ebVm na A{YH$ ~b XoVr h¡ O~{H$ gyP Ûmam A{YJ‘ ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ Hw$ebVm na Omoa {X¶m OmVm h¡&

3. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m g^r à¶moJ H$a gH$Vo h¢, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE gm‘mÝ¶ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

4. à¶mg Am¡a Ìw{Q> {d{Y Ûmam g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g^r emar[aH$ A§Jm| H$m {Z¶moOZ Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| grIZm àË¶jrH$aU na {Z^©a hmoVm h¡&

5. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$s ÑpîQ> bú¶ na ahVr h¡ VWm {H«$¶m bú¶ àm{á H$s Va’$ hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| MoVZ {H«$¶mAm| H$s Anojm AMoVZ ‘Z A{YH$ {H«$¶merb hmoVm h¡&

6. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y ‘| XjVm Yrao-Yrao AmVr h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| XjVm EH$mEH$ {‘b OmVr h¡&

7. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg Am¡a n[al‘ na {Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m hb AMmZH$ àmá hmoVm h¡&

8. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y Aä¶mg àoaUm VWm g§doXZ na {deof ê$n go {Z^©a h¡, O~{H$ gyP {d{Y àË¶jrH$aU na {Z^©a h¡&

9. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZo ‘| àË¶oH$ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CnpñWV hmoZo na Z¶o {gao go à¶ËZ H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& gyP Ûmam kmZ H$m ñWmZmÝVaU A{YH$ gå^d h¡ VWm àmUr gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU VWm {ddoXrH$aU H$aZo

‘| g‘W© hmoVm h¡&

6.11.4 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±1. ¶h {gÕmÝV dZ‘mZwf na à¶moJ H$aHo$ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m h¡,

{Og‘| Hw$N> ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gyP hmoVr h¡& Bg{bE ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s ghr ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& {H$gr ^r

Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| ~w{Õ hmoVr h¡, gyP hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do àm¶… gyP Ûmam hr grIVo h¢&

2. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr ^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m Ho$ CgHo$ nyU© ê$n ‘| àË¶jrH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr

^r dñVw, pñW{V AWdm {H«$¶m H$m àË¶jrH$aU àm¶… CgHo$ nyU©

ê$n ‘| hr H$aVo h¢&

3. ¶h {gÕmÝV nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa MbH$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡,

àË¶jrH$aU nyU© H$m, kmZ CgHo$ EH$-EH$ A§e H$m& Bg àH$ma

grIm hþAm kmZ ñnîQ> Ed§ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡&

4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na ~b XoVm h¡& Bggo VrZ bm^ hmoVo

h¢- nhbm ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go gyP AWdm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ go

grIm hþAm kmZ ñWm¶r hmoVm h¡, Xÿgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIo

hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a

Vrgam ¶h {H$ Bg {d{Y go grIZo dmbo AnZo OrdZ ‘| AmZo dmbr

g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmoVo h¢&

5. gyP H$m ~w{Õ go gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& A{YH$ ~w{Õ dmbo àm{U¶m| ‘| gyP

A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& gmW hr gyP Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘Zwî¶m| Ho$ nyd© Ho$

AZw^dm| H$m ^r à^md n‹S>Vm h¡, na BgH$m ¶h AW© H$Xm{n Zht h¡

{H$ A{YH$ AZw^dr H$s gyP ^r A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&

6.11.5 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. àË¶oH$ kmZ H$mo gyP Ûmam Zht grIm Om gH$Vm& BgHo$ gmW hr

àË¶oH$ g‘¶ ^r ì¶p³V gyP Ûmam Zht grI gH$Vm&2. grIZo ‘| Ho$db gyP hr H$m‘ Zhr§ XoVr, BgHo$ gmW hr AZwHy$b

n[apñW{V¶m± ^r Amdí¶H$ h¢& N>‹S>r, ~m°³g, gr‹T>r Am{X n[apñW{V H$m {hñgm h¡&

3. ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo ‘| n[apñW{V H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht H$aVm&4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr gmYZ

hmoZo Amdí¶H$ h¢, bo{H$Z grIZm H$^r-H$^r {~Zm gmYZm| Ho$ ^r hmoVm h¡&

5. ¶h {gÕmÝV à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm Zht XoVm, bo{H$Z grIZo H$s Bg à{H$¶m ‘| àmaå^ Vmo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go hr hmoVm h¡&

6. grIZo Ho$ {bE Ho$db gyP hr Zht, Aä¶mg Ed§ AZw^y{V ^r

Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&7. Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwgma àË¶oH$ àH$ma H$m

A{YJ‘ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go- {bIZm, n‹T>Zm, ~mobZm

Am{X&8. gyP {gÕmÝV na ~hþV go ~mø H$maH$ à^md S>mbVo h¢& BZ H$maH$m|

‘o§ Hw$N> H«$‘e… emar[aH$ j‘Vm, Am¶w, d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±,

d§emZwH«$‘ VWm A{YJ‘ H$s XemE± Am{X h¢&

9. ¶h {gÕmÝV newAm| VWm N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| na bmJy Zht hmoVm h¡&10. Hw$N> {dÛmZm| H$m ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ g§¶moJ

H$s ~mV h¡, AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$s Zht&

6.11.6 gyP Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm1. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZm nyU© go A§e H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡&

AV… {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ do ~mbH$m| H$mo {gImVo g‘¶ gånyU©

n[apñW{V H$mo gm‘Zo aIo Am¡a CÝh| AnZr gyP Ûmam grIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&

2. {ejH$m| H$mo ~ÀMm| H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm Ed§ ~w{Õ Ho$ AZwê$n hr

CZHo$ gm‘Zo g‘ñ¶m àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE&















3. {ejH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna Am¡a

grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ CÝh| g‘¶-g‘¶ na àmoËgm{hV H$aVo

ahZm Mm{hE&

4. gyP Am¡a ~w{Õ ‘| gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE ~ÀMm| H$s nmR²>¶gm‘J«r

H$m {Z‘m©Êm H$aVo g‘¶ CZHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$m Ü¶mZ aIZm

Mm{hE&

5. gyP H$m gå~ÝY n[an³dVm go ^r hmoVm h¡& Bg{bE nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m

{Z‘m©U H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ n[an³dVm H$m Ü¶mZ aIZm

Mm{hE&

6. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| ~ÀMm| H$s ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m|

O¡go- H$ënZm, VH©$, {MÝVZ VWm gå~ÝY XoIZo H$s ep³V Am{X

H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

7. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶m{ÝÌH$ VarH$m| go grIZo H$m IÊS>Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-aQ>Zm&

8. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ A§H$J{UV, aoImJ{UV, {dkmZ, ì¶mH$aU Am{X {df¶m| H$s {ejm ‘| ^br-^m±{V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶{³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&

10. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP n¡Xm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&

11. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| ‘| grIZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&12. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU© hb àñVwV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$

{gÕ hmoVm h¡&13. ¶h {gÕmÝV {df¶ dñVw H$m gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm

h¡&14. ¶h {gÕmÝV EH$ n[apñW{V ‘| grIo hþE kmZ H$m Xÿgar n[apñW{V

‘| ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡&15. ¶h {gÕmÝV H$bm, g§JrV Am¡a gm{hË¶ H$s {ejm ‘| A{YH$ Cn¶moJr

h¡&

16. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^dm| Ho$ g§JR>Z Ed§ nyU©Vm na ~b XoVm h¡&17. ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m àñVwVrH$aU Am§{eH$ ê$n go Z

H$aHo$, ~{ëH $g‘J« ê$n go H$aZo na ~b XoVm h¡&

18. ¶h {gÕmÝV aMZmË‘H$ H$m¶m] ‘| A{YH$ ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

19. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ûmam grIr OmZo dmbo gm‘J«r H$mo N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÔoí¶nyU© VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ~Zm¶o OmZo na ~b XoVm h¡&

20. Bg {gÕmÝV go ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb àmá {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡&

6.12 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝVpñdg ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {n¶mOo ‘yb ê$n go àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ {deofk Wo, naÝVw

AmJo MbH$a CÝhm|Zo Y‘© Ed§ Xe©Z H$m JhZ AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m Am¡a Xe©Z H$s

kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm àmUr {dkmZ Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝYm| H$s ImoO H$s, {OgZo CÝh|

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ~Zm {X¶m& CÝhm|Zo ¶yamon H$s AZoH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ à¶moJembmAm| ‘|

H$m¶© {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo g§{H«$¶m ’«$mÝg ‘| {~Zo Ho$ gmW ^r H$B© df© VH$ H$m¶© {H$¶m

Wm& CÝhm|Zo ~w{Õ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Mbr Am ahr nyd©YmaUm {H$ ~w{Õ OÝ‘OmV hmoVr

h¡, H$m IÊS>Z {H$¶m Am¡a ~mb{H«$¶mAm| H$m ~‹S>r ~marH$s go AÜ¶¶Z H$a Bg

n[aUm‘ na nhþ±Mo {H$ O¡go-O¡go ~ÀMo H$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$m

H$m¶© joÌ ~‹T>Vm OmVm h¡, d¡go-d¡go CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoVm OmVm

h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~ÀMm àmaå^ ‘o§ gab àË¶¶m| H$mo hr J«hU H$aVm

h¡, naÝVw O¡go-O¡go ~‹S>m hmoVm OmVm h¡, H${R>Z go H${R>ZVa àË¶¶m| H$mo J«hU

H$aZo bJVm h¡& hm±, ¶h ~mV Adí¶ h¡ {H$ BZ g~go grIZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V

dmVmdaU Ed§ {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¢&

{n¶mOo Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ grIZm H$moB© ¶mpÝÌH$ {H«$¶m Zht h¡ O¡gm

{H$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Am¡a nmdbm°d Am{X gå~ÝYdmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ‘mZm h¡, naÝVw

¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, gåàË¶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a ¶h gåàË¶¶

{Z‘m©U ~ÀÀmm| H$s Am¶w Ho$ AZwgma gab gåàË¶¶m| go H${R>Z gåàË¶¶m| Ho$

H«$‘ ‘| hmoVm h¡, ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ O¡go-O¡go {dH${gV hmoVm OmVm h¡, CZ‘|

gab go AnojmH¥$V O{Q>b àË¶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U Ed§ CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$s j‘Vm

{dH${gV hmoVr OmVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ àË¶¶$ {Z‘m©U H$m {gÕmÝV H$hVo

h¢& CÝhm|Zo AmJo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ~mbH$m| ‘| dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ

H$aZo H$s ep³V Z Ho$db CZHo$ n[an³dVm ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Z

Ho$db CZHo$ AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡, A{nVw BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m

Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡& Bgo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ^mfm ‘| AÝV…{H«$¶mdmXr {dMmaYmam

H$hVo h¢&

6.12.1 {gÕmÝV Ho$ gåàË¶¶

1. AZwHy$bZ

{n¶mOo Zo gd©àW‘ ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> H$s {H$ ~ÀMm| ‘§o AnZo n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW

g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡, {Ogo AZwHy$bZ H$hVo h¢& CZHo$

AZwgma ~mbH$ àmaå^ go hr n¶m©daU Ho$ gmW AZwHy$bZ H$aZo bJVm h¡&

{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m Xmo Cnà{H«$¶mAm| ‘| hmoVr h¡- EH$

AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a Xÿgar g‘m¶moOZ& AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m

h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE nyd© grIr ¶moOZmAm| ¶m ‘mZ{gH$

à{H«$¶mAm| H$m ghmam boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV g‘m¶moOZ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo

nyd© ‘| grIr ¶moOZm ¶m ‘mZ{gH$ n«{H«$¶mAm| go H$m‘ Z MbZo na g‘m¶moOZ

Ho$ {bE H$s OmVr h¡&

2. gmå¶YmaU

gmå¶YmaU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m go h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ~mbH$

AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU Am¡a g‘m¶moOZ H$s à{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ H$m¶‘ H$aVm

h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma O~ ~ÀMo Ho$ gm‘Zo H$moB© ZB© g‘ñ¶m CnpñWV hmoVr

h¡, Vmo Cg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ AgÝVwbZ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, {Ogo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE

dh AmË‘gmË‘rH$aU ¶m g‘m¶moOZ ¶m ¶o XmoZm| à{H«$¶mE± H$aZm àmaå^ H$a

XoVm h¡& {n¶mOo Zo ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡ {H$ gmå¶YmaU H$s à{H$¶m ~ÀMm| Ho$ nyd©

AZw^dm| na hr {Z^©a Zht H$aVr, A{nVw CZH$s emar[aH$ n[an³dVm na ^r






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{Z^©a H$aVr h¡&

3. g§ajU

g§ajU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z VWm pñWaVm BZ XmoZm| H$mo

nhMmZZo Ed§ g‘PZo H$s j‘Vm VWm {H$gr dñVw Ho$ ñdê$n ‘| n[adV©Z H$mo Cg

dñVw Ho$ VÎd ‘| n[adV©Z go AbJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm go h¡&

4. g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm

{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z

go h¡&

5. ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m

{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m go VmËn¶© ~mbH$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

Ho$ {bE {H$E OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go h¡&

6. ñH$såg

{n¶mOo Zo ì¶dhmamo| Ho$ CZ g§J{R>V n¡Q>Zm] H$mo ñH$såg H$s g§km Xr h¡, {OÝh|

gabVm go Xmoham¶m Om gHo$& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ ñH$såg ‘mZ{gH$ g§{H«$¶m H$m

A{^ì¶p³V ê$n h¡&

7. ñH$s‘m

ñH$s‘m go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© EH$ Eogr ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZm go h¡, {OgH$m

gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

8. {dHo$ÝÐU

{dHo$ÝÐU go {n¶mOo H$m VmËn¶© {H$gr dñVw Ho$ {df¶ ‘| dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go gmoMZo

H$s j‘Vm go h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$ ‘| Bg j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg 2 df© H$s

Am¶w ‘| ewê$ hmo OmVm h¡&

6.12.2 g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s AdñWmE±{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo ‘w»¶ ê$n go Mma H$mbm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m

h¡-1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

1. g§doXr noer¶ AdñWm

{n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go Xmo df© VH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| ~mbH$ AnZr BpÝÐ¶m| Ûmam

àmW{‘H$ AZw^d àmá H$aVo h¡§& {n¶mOo Zo Bg H$mb H$mo g§doXr noer¶ àmW{‘H$

AdñWm H$hm h¡& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ go 2 df© VH$ ~mbH$ H$m g§kmZmË‘H$

{dH$mg {ZåZ{b{IV N>h CnAdñWmAm| ‘| hmoVm h¡-1. ghO {H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm OÝ‘ go 30 {XZ VH$

H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$db ghO {H«$¶mE±

H$aVm h¡& BZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| {H$gr ^r dñVw H$mo ‘w±h ‘§o boH$a MygZo H$s

{H«$¶m g~go A{YH$ à~b hmoVr h¡&2. à‘wI d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 1 go 4 ‘mh

VH$ H$s hmoVr h¡& 1 ‘mh go 4 ‘mh VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMm| H$s ghO {H«$¶mE±

Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ CZH$s AZw^y{V¶m| Ûmam n[ad{V©V hmoVr h¡, XmohamB©

OmVr h¡ Am¡a EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ gmW g‘pÝdV hmoVr h¡& BZ AZw{H«$¶mAm|

H$mo à‘wI Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$$ ¶o ~ÀMm| Ho$ eara H$s

à‘wI AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a BÝh| d¥Îmr¶ Bg{bE H$hm OmVm h¡,

³¶m|{H$ BÝh| ~ma-~ma XmohamVo h¢& Bg AdñWm VH$ Ho$ ~ÀMo AnZo

AZw^dm| H$mo {~Zm ^¶ Ho$ A{^ì¶³V H$aVo h¢&

3. Jm¡U d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 ‘mh go 6

‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm hmoVr h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo

ñne© H$aZo Am¡a BÝh| BYa-CYa H$aZo H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢ Am¡a

gmW hr Hw$N> Eogr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢, {OZgo CÝh| gwI {‘bVm

h¡& 6 ‘mh Ho$ hmoVo-hmoVo ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw Ho$ A^md ‘| ^r CgHo$

hmoZo H$mo OmZZo bJVo h¢&

4. Jm¡U ñH$s‘oQ>mo Ho$ g‘Ýd¶ H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 8 ‘mh go 12

‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm CÔoí¶ Am¡a CgH$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ gmYZ ‘| AÝVa H$aZo bJVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr AnZo go ~‹S>m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m AZwH$aU H$aZo bJVm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo Omo ñH$s‘m grIVo h¢, CZH$m gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU ^r H$aZo bJVo h¢&

5. V¥Vr¶ d¥Îmr¶ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 12 ‘mh go 18 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm| H$mo à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIH$a OmZVo h¢&

6. ‘mZ{gH$ g§¶moJ Ûmam ZE gmYZm| H$s ImoO H$s AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 18 ‘mh go 24 ‘mh VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo XoIr JB© dñVw H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘| ^r CgHo$ ApñVËd H$mo g‘PZo bJVo h¢&

2. àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

{n¶mOo Zo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ÑpîQ> go 2 gmb go 7 gmb H$s AdñWm H$mo

àmH²$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm H$mo {n¶mOo Zo {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo

Cn AdñWmAm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-1. àmH²$ gåàË¶mË‘H$ Ad{Y - ¶h Ad{Y 2 df© go 4 df© H$s hmoVr

h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo AnZo BX©-{JX© H$s dñVwAm| Am¡a àm{U¶m|, dñVwAm| Am¡a eãXm| ‘| gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aZo bJVo h¢& do ¶h g~

àm¶… AZwH$aÊm Ed§ Iob Ûmam grIVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma 4 df© VH$ H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo g^r {ZOud dñVwAm| H$mo gOrd àm{U¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo-g‘PVo h¢& Bgo CÝhm|Zo OrddmX H$s g§km Xr h¡&

Bg AdñWm ‘| hmoZo dmbo g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Xÿgar {deofVm

¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ ~ÀMo AnZo {dMma H$mo ghr ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a do Hw$N> Eogm g‘PVo h¢ {H$ gmar Xþ{Z¶m± CZHo$ BX©-{JX© hr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOoo Zo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐVm H$s g§km Xr h¡&

2. AÝVX©eu AdñWm - ¶h AdñWm 4 df© go 7 df© VH$ MbVr h¡&

Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ^mfm grIZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$ H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw CZHo$ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$ ‘| H$moB© H«$‘~ÕVm Zht

hmoVr& O¡go do 2 2 4# = Vmo g‘PVo h¢, naÝVw 224 = H¡$go hþAm,

¶h Zhr§ g‘PVo h¢& 6 df© H$s Am¶w nyar H$aVo-H$aVo ~mbH$m| ‘| ‘yV© àË¶¶m| Ho$ gmW-gmW A‘yV© àË¶¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U ^r hmoZo bJVm h¡&















3. ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

{n¶mOo Zo 7 df© go boH$a 11 df© VH$ H$s Am¶w/AdñWm H$mo ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$

AdñWm H$hm h¡& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMo A{YH$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Ed§ ¶WmW©dmXr hmoVo

h¢& Bg AdñWm ‘| ~ÀMm| ‘| VH©$ Ed§ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg

hmoZo bJVm h¢& do ‘yV© g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$mo Ty>±‹T>Zo bJVo h¢, naÝVw A‘yV©

g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| Zht gmoM nmVo& Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMo dñVwAm| H$mo CZHo$

JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘~Õ H$aZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a dJuH¥$V H$aZo bJVo h¢, naÝVw

Bg AdñWm Ho$ ~ÀMm| Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm Zht hmoVr h¡&

4. Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

¶h AdñWm 12 df© H$s Am¶w go d¶ñH$ hmoZo VH$ H$s AdñWm h¡& 12 df© Ho$

hmoVo hmoVo ~ÀMm| H$m ‘pñVîH$ n[an³d hmoZo bJVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm

AmZr ewê$ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a O¡go-O¡go CZH$s Am¶w ~‹T>Vr OmVr h¡ Am¡a CZHo$

AZw^d ~‹T>Vo OmVo h¢, d¡go-d¡go CZH$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm ^r ~‹T>Vr

OmVr h¡& Bgo {n¶mOo Zo Am¡nMm[aH$ gåàË¶¶ {MÝVZ H$s g§km Xr h¡& {n¶mOo

Ho$ AZwgma Bg Am¶w Ho$ ~ÀMo àVrH$mË‘H$ eãXm|, ê$nH$m| Ed§ Cn‘mZm| H$m

Ame¶ ^r g‘PZo bJVo h¢ Am¡a A‘yV© àË¶¶m| Ho$ {Z‘m©Êm ‘| D±$Mr-D±$Mr C‹S>mZ

âZo bJVo h¢& {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma àË¶¶ {Z‘m©U H$s ¶h {H«$¶m AZdaV ê$n go

‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ â MbVr h¡, naÝVw BgH$m àH$ma Ed§ ñVa CgH$s {ejm Ed§

AZw^dm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&

6.12.3 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±

1. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm EH$ H«${‘H$ Ed§ Amamohr à{H«$¶m h¡& A~ ¶h ~mV g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

2. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©daU Am¡a {H«$¶m ‘yb Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢& AmO ¶o ~mV ^r g^r ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

3. {n¶mOo Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ ImoO H$aZo H$s e{³V CZH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm, AZw^d Ed§ BZ XmoZm| H$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| Ûmam {ZYm©[aV hmoVr h¡&

4. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| Ho$ A‘yV© {MÝVZ na CZH$s {ejm H$m à^md hmoVm h¡& {ZåZ {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$‘ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CÀM {ejm ñVa Ho$ ~mbH$m| H$m

A‘yV© {MÝVZ H$m’$s D±$Mm hmoVm h¡&

5. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma Am¡nMm[aH$ g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm Ho$ ~mX ~mbH$ H$s gånyU© ~m¡{ÕH$ e{³V H$m {dH$mg hmo OmVm h¡ Am¡a dh AnZr ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ à¶moJ go g‘ñ¶mAm|o H$m g‘mYmZ

H«$‘~Õ Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ T>§J (d¡km{ZH$ T>§J) go H$a gH$Vm h¡&

6.12.4 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. {n¶mOo Zo AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ ~ÀMm| H$s {H«$¶mAm|

H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& AV… ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶{³V{ZîR> A{YH$ Am¡a dñVw{ZîR> AnojmH¥$V H$‘ h¡&

2. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg YmaUm na AmYm[aV h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$

eara Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$s Vah CgH$s ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg ^r

Yrao-Yrao hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ ¶h ~mV AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go gË¶ Zht

h¡& {Ogo {n¶mOo ~w{Õ H$m {dH$mg H$hVo h¢, dh dñVwV… ~m¡{ÕH$

j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg h¡&

3. ¶h {gÕmÝV ~ÀMm| Ho$ Ho$db g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm

h¡, CgHo$ H$m¡ebmË‘H$ Ed§ ^mdZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m Zht

H$aVm&

4. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| ^r Ho$db àË¶¶ kmZ Ho$

{dH$mg H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡, AV… ¶h AYyam h¡&

5. {n¶mOo H$m ¶h ‘mZZm h¡ {H$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg EH$ {deof H«$‘ ‘|

hmoVm h¡& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| nyU© ê$n go gË¶ Zhr§ h¡&

6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶{³V Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$m

CgH$s O¡{dH$ n[an³dVm go grYm gå~ÝY h¡, bo{H$Z H$B© à¶moJm|

Ed§ emoYm| Zo BgHo$ {dnarV n[aUm‘ {XE h¢&7. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm go nhbo

~mbH$ Vm{H©$H$ Ed§ H«$‘~Õ {MÝVZ Zhr§ H$a gH$Vm h¡, bo{H$Z H$B© emoY H$m¶m] Ho$ n[aUm‘ ¶h Xem©Vo h¢ {H$ ~mbH$ Bg AdñWm go nhbo Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

6.12.5 {n¶mOo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm

1. {n¶mOo Zo ~ÀMm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg H$mo {d{dY lo{U¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma {H$gr ^r Am¶w Ho$ {bE nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$m {Z‘m©U CZHo$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ed§ àË¶¶ {Z‘m©U Ho$ AmYma na H$aZm Mm{hE&

2. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo ñd{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZo Ho$ Adga XoZo Mm{hE&

3. {n¶mOo Zo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob H$s {H«$¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo AZwH$aU Ed§ Iob {d{Y go n‹T>mZm-{gImZm Mm{hE&

4. ¶h {gÕmÝV ¶h ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡ {H$ 11 df© H$s AdñWm nyar H$aVo-

H$aVo ~ÀÀmm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZo bJVm

h¡& AV… 11 df© go ~‹S>o ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{gImZo Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

5. grIZo ‘| àJ{V Z H$aZo dmbo N>mÌm| H$mo XÊS> Zht XoZm Mm{hE&

6. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma MmbH$ Am¡a A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ Ed§

{dH$mg Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& AV… {ejH$m| H$mo {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| BZH$m C{MV à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

7. {n¶mOo Zo ~w{Õ H$m ‘mnZ CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ Cn¶moJ (dmVmdaU Ho$

gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m) H$s j‘Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m h¡& AV… ~w{Õ narjUm|

Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n ‘| à¶moJ go gå~pÝYV {H«$¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE&

8. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ kmZ go {ejH$ Ed§ A{^^mdH$ ~mbH$m| H$s VH©$ Ed§ {dMmaUm e{³V H$s àH¥${V H$mo CZH$s AbJ-AbJ

AdñWmAm| ‘| g‘P Ed§ nhMmZ gH$Vo h¢&






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9. {n¶mOo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ~mbH$m| H$mo n‹T>mZo-{bImZo Ho$ {bE

Eogo AZw^d Ed§ A{YJ‘ gm‘J«r àñVwV H$aZr Mm{hE, {OÝh| do

AmË‘gmV H$a gHo$ Am¡a AmJo Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ {bE MwZm¡Vr Ho$ ê$n

‘| gm‘Zo AmE&

10. {n¶mOo Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm ~mbH$ Ho$ ñd¶§ Am¡a

CgHo$ n¶m©daU go AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoVm h¡& AV… {ejH$m|

Ed§ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE C{MV Ed§ àoaUmXm¶H$ dmVmdaU

H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm Mm{hE&

6.13 d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$m {gÕmÝVà{gÕ A‘o[aH$Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ab~Q>© d¡ÊSw>am Zo {H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam AÝ¶

ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$a CZHo$ O¡gm ì¶dhma AnZo ñd^md ‘|

bmZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE EH$ ge³V ‘mÜ¶‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ñdrH$ma

{H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZarjU Ûmam grIZo H$mo ‘m°S>qbJ H$s g§km

Xr h¡& grIZo ‘| àojU AWdm {ZarjU Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$a d¡ÊSw>am Zo

grIZo Ho$ EH$ ZE {gÕmÝV H$mo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m, {Ogo d¡ÊSw>am H$m gm‘m{OH$

grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV H$hm OmVm h¡& {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ H$aVo hþE d¡ÊSw>am

Zo H$hm -

h‘ n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V {~Zm gmoMo g‘Po AZw{H«$¶m Zhr§

H$aVo& h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa {dÚ‘mZ n¶m©daUr¶ VÎdm| ‘| go gyP Ed§ nyd© H$s AZw^y{V¶m|

Ho$ AmYma na Hw$N> H$m M¶Z H$aVo h¢ Am¡a ¶h H$m¶© h‘ h‘mao Mmam| Amoa ahZo dmbo

ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m {ZarjU H$a CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma h‘

àojU Ûmam grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo nyam H$aVo h¢&

d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hm {H$ ‘mZd H$m

ì¶dhma g§kmZmË‘H$, ì¶dhmamË‘H$ VWm n¶m©daUr¶ {ZYm©aH$m| Ho$ ~rM gVV²

AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m à{V’$b hmoVm h¡& CÝhm|Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd {H«$¶m ‘| VrZ

H$maH$m| H$m nañna à^md h‘oem n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶o H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV h¢ -1. ~mø dmVmdaU 2. g§kmZmË‘H$ Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ KQ>ZmE±

3. ì¶dhma

¶o VrZm| EH$-Xÿgao na {Z^©a hmoVo h¢ VWm EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo

h¢& ~mø dmVmdaU ‘| CnpñWV CÔrnZ (AÝ¶ ì¶{³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma) Am¡a

ì¶{³V Ho$ dmñV{dH$ ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘Ü¶ AmÝV[aH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ Mam| H$s ‘hÎdnyU©

^y{‘H$m hmoVr h¡&

6.13.1 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ à¶moJd¡ÊSw>am Zo EH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m, {Og‘| EH$ d¶ñH$ ì¶p³V Ûmam Hw$N> ~ÀMm| Ho$

gm‘Zo EH$ VrZ-Mma ’$sQ> bå~r Jw{‹S>¶m, {Ogo ~mo~ Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Zm‘ {X¶m, H$mo

CN>mbVo hþE, ‘maVo hþE Ed§ CgHo$ à{V AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$aVo hþE {XIbm¶m J¶m&

O~ BZ ~ÀMm| H$mo Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW AHo$bm N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m, Vmo XoIm J¶m

{H$ CZHo$ Ûmam ^r d¡gm hr AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma Cg Jw{‹S>¶m Ho$ gmW {H$¶m J¶m&

Hw$N> ~ÀMm| H$mo Q>r.dr. na Eogo hr AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ {XImE JE, Vmo ¶o ~ÀMo, {OZ

~ÀMm| Zo AmH«$m‘H$ Ñí¶ Zht XoIo, go A{YH$ AmH«$m‘H$ ì¶dhma H$aVo XoIo JE&

d¡ÊSw>am Zo AnZo emoY Ed§ à¶moJm| Ho$ AmYma na ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m {H$

‘m°S>b Ho$ VrZ H$maH$ A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© hmoVo h¢-

1. ‘m°S>b H$s {deofVmE±

2. àojH$ H$s {deofVmE±

3. ì¶dhma Ho$ nwañH$ma n[aUm‘&

‘m°S>b Ed§ àojH$ H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ gmW ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhmam| H$m

AZwH$aU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX {‘bZo dmbo nwañH$ma na ‘m°S>qbJ H$s à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡&

Bg àH$ma àojU Ûmam grIZm gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m AmYma

h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m {H$ Omo ^r h‘ grIVo h¢, dh Xÿgam|

H$mo XoIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ níMmV² AZwH$aU Ûmam A{O©V H$a grIVo h¢& ~mbH$

AnZr àmapå^H$ AdñWm go hr Xÿgam| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m gyú‘Vm go {ZarjU H$aVo

h¢& {OZHo$ ì¶dhma H$m ~mbH$ A{YH$Va {ZarjU H$aVo h¢, do hmoVo h¢-CZHo$

‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mogr, AÜ¶mnH$ Am¡a g‘mO Ho$ ~wOwJ© bmoJ Am{X& BZ {ZarjUm| Ho$

’$bñdê$n ~mbH$ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU H$aVo h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m AÀN>m CXmhaU

AmOH$b h‘ {H$emoam| Ed§ ¶wdmAm| ‘§o XoI gH$Vo h¢& A{YH$Va {H$emoa Ed§ ¶wdm

{’$ë‘m| ‘| Am¡a {dkmnZm| ‘| Omo Hw$N> ^r XoIVo h¢ CÝht H$m AZwH$aU AnZo OrdZ

‘| H$aVo h¢& {’$ë‘m| Ed§ {dkmnZm| Ho$ ‘m°S>ëg, CZHo$ {bE àoaUmXm¶r ì¶p³V hmoVo

h¢& do CÝht H$s Vah mfm H$m à¶moJ H$aVo h¢, H$n‹S>o nhZVo h¢, Am¡a CÝht H$s Vah

{eîQ>mMma Ed§ ì¶dhma H$aVo h¢& BZ g^r CXmhaUm| go Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo

g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& V¡aZm grIZm, ‘moQ>a~mBH$ MbmZm, ‘o{S>H$b Ho$ N>mÌm| Ûmam

gO©ar H$aZm, [ano¶[aJ H$m H$m‘ grIZm Am¡a XþH$mZ na H$m‘ H$aZm Am{X g~

AZwH$aU Ûmam hr à^mdnyU© T>§J go grIm OmVm h¡& àojU Ûmam grIZo ‘| ì¶{³V

H$mo ñdmZw dm| Ed§ àË¶j grIZo H$s VwbZm ‘| A{YH$ Adga {‘bVo h¢& Bg H$maU

Bggo à^mdr T§J go grIZm gånÝZ hmo nmVm h¡&

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$gr ‘m°S>b

H$mo XoIH$a CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$aZm Ed§ ^{dî¶ ‘| Cgo XmohamZo Ho$

{bE AnZo ì¶dhma ‘| AmË‘gmV H$a boZm hmoVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma ì¶p³V

grIVm h¡& Bg grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| gm‘mÝ¶V… {ZåZm§{H$V nXm| H$m AZwgaU

{H$¶m OmVm h¡-

1. ì¶dhma na Ü¶mZ XoZm Am¡a g‘PZm

Bg nX ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡ AWdm grIZo

dmbo H$mo {H$gr ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$am¶m OmVm h¡& ¶hm± ¶m Vmo

gånyU© ì¶dhma AWdm {H$gr {deof nhby go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma grIZo dmbo

H$m Ü¶mZ AmH${f©V H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Yrao-Yrao grIZo dmbm Bgr ì¶dhma na

Ü¶mZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo bJVm h¡&

2. ì¶dhma H$mo ¶mX H$aZm

Bg na grIZo dmbo Zo Omo Hw$N> ^r {ZarjU Ûmam XoIm, g‘Pm, Cgo AnZr

ñ‘¥{V ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{VÀN>m¶mAm| Ho$ ê$n ‘| A§{H$V H$a boVm h¡&

3. ñ‘¥{V H$mo {H«$¶m ‘| bmZm

Bg nX na grIZo dmbm n¶m©daU ‘| d¡gr n[apñW{V CËnÝZ hmoZo na AWdm

ñd¶§ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ {bE ‘m§J hmoZo na ñ‘¥{V ‘| A§{H$V Cg ì¶dhma H$m

AZwH$aU H$aVm h¡&















4. ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mX nwZ~©bZ

Bg A{ÝV‘ nX na AZwH$aU {H$E JE ì¶dhma H$mo gH$mamË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ {X¶m

OmVm h¡, Vm{H$ grIZo dmbm [Zar[jV ‘m°S>b Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {dî¶ ‘| r AnZo

ì¶dhma Ûmam àX{e©V H$a gHo$&

grIZo Ho$ BZ nXm| H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ho$ Ûmam ñnîQ> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

~r.ES>. H$jm ‘| {df¶mÜ¶mnH$ AnZo {df¶ ‘| CgHo$ Ûmam {Z{‘©V ‘m°S>b nmR> H$mo

N>mÌmÜ¶mnH$m| Ho$ gm‘Zo gå~pÝYV H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AmXe© ê$n ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡&

N>mÌmÜ¶mnH$ AnZo AÜ¶mnH$ H$s àË¶oH$ {H«$¶m Ed§ ì¶dhma H$m {ZarjU H$aVo h¢&

{ZarjU Ho$ níMmV² do AÜ¶mnH$ H$s àË¶oH$ {H«$¶m O¡go- àíZ nyN>Zo H$m VarH$m,

ghm¶H$ {ejU gm‘J«r H$mo àX{e©V H$aZo H$s {d{Y, N>mÌm|o H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZo H$s

{H«$¶m Am¡a {df¶ dñVw H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$ Am{X H$mo AnZo ñ‘¥{V nQ>b

na A§{H$V H$a boVo h¢& VËníMmV² O~ do ñd¶§ H$jm ‘| AnZm nmR> n‹T>mVo h¢, Vmo

do CZ g^r {H«$¶mAm| H$mo d¡go hr XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢ Am¡a O~ AÜ¶mnH$

CZH$s nmR> ¶moOZm S>m¶ar ‘| Cg nmR> na AZwHy$b {ZX}e {bIVm h¡, Vmo do CÝht

{H«$¶mAm| H$mo AmJo Ho$ nmR> ‘| ^r XmohamZo H$m à¶mg H$aVo h¢&

Bg àH$ma ‘m°S>qbJ à{H«$¶m Ûmam grIZo H$s {d{Y grIZo Ho$ {bE Ed§

ì¶dhma ‘| AÀN>r AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ê$n go ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr

h¡ Am¡a ì¶p³V AWdm N>mÌ Ho$ àË¶oH$ ì¶dhma Am¡a {H«$¶m H$mo AZwH$aU Ûmam

dm§{N>V {Xem àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

6.13.2 gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±1. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶{³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b

XoVm h¡&2. ¶h {gÕmÝV CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘Ü¶ g§kmZmË‘H$ AmÝV[aH$ Mam|

H$s CnpñW{V H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm XoVm h¡&3. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo dmbm CZ ì¶dhmam| H$mo hr grIVm

h¡, {OZ na CgH$m Ü¶mZ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {OZgo dh à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&4. gm‘m{OH$ grIZo H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZarjU, ñ‘¥{V nQ>b na

A§H$Z, AZwH$aU Ed§ nwZ~©bZ H$s à{H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV hmoVr h¢&

5. ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| A{YH$m§e ì¶dhma Bg {gÕmÝV Ûmam {ZX}{eV {d{Y go hr grIVm h¡&

6.13.3 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. Bg {gÕmÝV H$s g~go ~‹S>r H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ {gImZo Ho$ {bE AmXe©

‘m°S>b H$mo CnpñWV H$aZm ‘wpíH$b H$m‘ h¡&

2. ì¶p³V Ho$ AZwH$aU Ûmam g^r ì¶dhma Zht grIo Om gH$Vo&

6.13.4 d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ gm‘m{OH$ grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm

1. ¶h {gÕmÝV n¶m©daU ‘| CnbãY ì¶p³V, {H«$¶m AWdm KQ>Zm Am{X H$m AZwH$aU H$a grIZo na ~b XoVm h¡& AV… {dÚmb¶m| ‘| n¶m©daU

Eogm CËnÝZ H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ CÝh| XoI H$a grIo gHo$$&

2. àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Ed§ AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ñd¶§ H$mo EH$ ‘m°S>b Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE, Vm{H$ N>mÌ CZH$m AZwH$aU H$a AÀN>o ì¶dhma

H$mo grI gHo$&

3. AÜ¶mnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌVmnyd©H$ {ZarjU Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$ao&

4. N>mÌm| Ho$ {hV Ho$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo H$^r-H$^r Eogr ~ZmdQ>r

n[apñW{V¶m± n¡Xm H$aZr Mm{hE, Omo AZwH$aU Ûmam grIZo ‘|

ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmo gHo$&

5. {dÚmb¶m| ‘| AZwH$aUr¶ nmR²>¶ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aZm

Mm{hE&

6. N>mÌ Q>r.dr. Ed§ {dkmnZm| ‘| H$m¡Z go H$m¶©H«$‘m| H$mo XoIVm h¡, Bg

na AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE Ed§ AÀN>o AZwH$aUr¶ H$m¶©H«$‘m|

H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

6.14 H$Q>© bo{dZ H$m joÌ {gÕmÝVBg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ H$Q>© bo{dZ h¢& H$mohba Am¡a H$moâH$m Ho$ gmW H$m¶©

H$aZo Ho$ níMmV² bo{dZ O‘©Zr N>mo‹S>H$a A‘o[aH$m Mbo J¶o& CZH$m {gÕmÝV grIZo

Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV H$m

{dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡, ~pëH$ CgZo AnZo {gÕmÝV

Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s EH$ àUmbr àñVwV H$s h¡, {Ogo joÌr¶ ‘Zmo{dkmZ,

Vbê$n ¶m g{Xe ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$hVo h¢& dñVwV… joÌ {gÕmÝVm| H$m à{VnmXZ

gmhM¶© {gÕmÝVm| H$s à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n hþAm h¡&

bo{dZ H$m joÌr¶ {gÕmÝV nyUm©H$ma {gÕmÝV Ho$ hr g‘mZ h¡, naÝVw ¶h

Wmo‹S>m-gm {^ÝZ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ¶h AZw d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd

XoVm h¡ VWm ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaU na ^r ~b XoVm h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m

AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V H$mo ~Vm¶m& bo{dZ Zo OrdZ-ñWb Ho$

AmYma na ì¶p³V Ho$ AZw dm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡& CgHo$ AZwgma OrdZ-ñWb

dh dmVmdaU h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V ahVm h¡ Am¡a {Oggo à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& {H$gr

ì¶p³V H$m ¶h OrdZ-ñWb ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ep³V¶m| na {Z ©a H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$

AZwgma grIZm H$moB© AZmoIr {H«$¶m Zht h¡& CgZo ~Vm¶m {H$ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo

g‘PZo Ho$ {bE h‘| Ho$db ¶h g‘PZm hmoVm h¡ {H$ OrdZ-ñWb H$m Zd g§JR>Z

{H$g àH$ma hmoVm h¡ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm {H$g àH$ma hmoVr h¡&

AV… grIZm h‘mao AZw dm| ¶m OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZo go

hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AmJo ~Vm¶m {H$ dmñVd ‘|, grIZm dmVmdaU H$m g§JR>Z h¡&

H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo AnZo ‘V H$m AmYma dmVmdaU ‘| ì¶p³V H$s pñW{V

H$mo ~Vm¶m& CgHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s

pñW{V H$mo CÔoí¶m| go gå~pÝYV ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| {ZYm©[aV H$aZo Ed§ à¶ËZm| H$s

OmZH$mar Amdí¶H$ h¡&

6.14.1 {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m¶h {gÕmÝV ‘Zwî¶ VWm CgHo$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo {Zanoj ¶m ¶mpÝÌH$ Zht

‘mZVm h¡, daZ² gmno{jH$ AWm©V EH$-Xÿgao go gå~pÝYV ‘mZVm h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV

AZw d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡ VWm àoaUmAm| Am{X H$m

A{YH$ à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo ‘| J{UV Ho$

nm[a^m{fH$ eãXm|, O¡go- joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, do³Q>a Am{X H$m

à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡& grIZo H$s ì¶m»¶m r bo{dZ Zo ì¶p³V, dmVmdaU, ~mYmE±, ~mYmAm|






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na {dO¶ VWm CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aHo$ H$s h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma grIZo

H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| H$moB© {d{MÌ ~mV Zht h¡& A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZo H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go g‘PZo

Ho$ {bE BVZm hr g‘PZm n¶m©á hmoJm {H$ OrdZ {dñVma {H$g àH$ma nwZ… ì¶dpñWV

hmoVm h¡ Am¡a {H$g àH$ma ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§gma H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&

bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘§o ^Ëg©Zm, bú¶ VWm AdamoYH$ à‘wI VÎd h¢&

{H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE AdamoYH$ H$mo nma H$aZm Amdí¶H$

h¡& ¶h AdamoYH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AWdm ^m¡{VH$ hmo gH$Vm h¡& O¡gm {H$ D$na

g§Ho$V {X¶m Om MwH$m h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m {dH$mg grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$

ê$n ‘| Zht hþAm h¡& BgH$m {dH$mg A{^àoaUm Am¡a àË¶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV

Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm h¡, Bg{bE bo{dZ grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| àoaUm VWm àË¶jrH$aU

na ~b XoVo h¢& àË¶jrH$aU H$m AW© h¡ {H$ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr n[apñW{V H$mo

{H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ go ào[aV hmoVm h¡& bú¶

àm¶… YZmË‘H$ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V¶m| go n[anyU© hmoVo h¢&

ì¶p³V YZmË‘H$ ep³V go ào[aV hmoH$a bú¶ H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoVm h¡

Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ ep³V Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$

nhþ±MZo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| AZoH$ AdamoYH$ {‘bVo h¢, {Oggo dh gabVm go bú¶ H$s

àm{á Zht H$a nmVm& Bg{bE bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE BZ AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa

H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmo OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma OrdZ-ñWb H$s g§aMZm ¶m ì¶dñWm

~Xb OmVr h¡& AV… Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ grIZm

OrdZ-ñWb H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡& OrdZ-ñWb ‘| ì¶p³V Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ ~rM Ho$

AdamoYH$m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

Bg àH$ma ¶h grIZo H$m bú¶ gyP {gÕmÝV ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&

{ZåZ {MÌ go ¶h ~mV ñnîQ> hmo OmEJr-

{MÌ ‘o§ ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, naÝVw

CgHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| EH$ ¶y AmH$ma H$s ~mYm CnpñWV h¡& dh Bg ~mYm Ho$ H$maU

AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| Ag‘W© h¡& Bgr ~rM ‘mZd H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ>

CgHo$ OrdZ {dñVma ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡ VWm CgHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z

H$aHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| EH$ g§JR>Z CËnÝZ H$aVr h¡ VWm A~ dh Bg g‘ñ¶m

H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo$ Ho$ {bE ¶y Ho$ Iwbo {gao go M³H$a H$m ‘mJ© ~ZmVm h¡ Am¡a

AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma bo{dZ d CgHo$ g‘W©H$m| H$m H$hZm

h¡ {H$ grIZo ‘| H$moB© ZdrZ AWdm {d{^ÝZ g‘ñ¶m Zht h¡& ¶h Vmo OrdZ

{dñVma H$s nwZ… g§aMZm ‘mÌ H$m {df¶ h¡& ¶{X h‘ g§aMZm Ho$ ‘w»¶ {Z¶‘

AWdm OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ à~ÝY H$mo hb H$a gH$Vo h¢, Vmo h‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s

g^r ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo g‘P gH|$Jo VWm CZHo$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ H$mo

^r g‘P gH|$Jo&

6.14.2 joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à‘wI AmYmaH$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Hw$N> ‘hÎdnyU© àË¶¶ Bg àH$ma h¡-

1. joÌ

bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma joÌ H$m VmËn¶© ‘mZd Ho$ Cg gånyU© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ OJV² go

h¡, {Og‘| dh ahVm h¡ VWm {H$gr g‘¶ {deof ‘| ^«‘U H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ g§gma ‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§, CgHo$ {dMma, VÏ¶, YmaUmE±, H$ënZmE±,

{dídmg Ed§ AmemE± g~ Hw$N> Am OmVr h¡& ¶h joÌ àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE

AbJ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- EH$ ZjÌ doÎmm joÌ H$m à¶moJ Vmam| Ho$ {bE H$aVm h¡,

^m¡{VH$emñÌr na‘mUw g§aMZm Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ {bE Am{X&

2. OrdZ {dñVma

OrdZ {dñVma H$m Ame¶ Cg dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ‘Zwî¶ h¡ Am¡a Cg

dmVmdaU H$m à^md ì¶p³V na {ZaÝVa n‹S>Vm ahVm h¡& dmVmdaU go VmËn¶©

àmH¥${VH$, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU go h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³V bJmVma

g§Kf© H$aVm ahVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo à^m{dV hmoVm ahVm h¡& ‘mZd H$s AnZr Hw$N>

Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¡, Hw$N> ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢, Hw$N> gr‘mE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a CZ

g~Ho$ Mmam| Amoa CgH$m dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ VWm ¶h dmVmdaU OrdZ-{dñVma

H$s gr‘m go {Kam hmoVm h¡& bo{dZ OrdZ-{dñVma H$s g§aMZm Ho$ {bE BZ g^r

H$mo ~am~a ‘hÎd XoVo h¢&

3. ì¶p³V

bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V ¶m ‘mZd H$mo CgH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| hr

g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³V H$m Ame¶ ‘pñVîH$ ¶m eara ¶m XmoZm| go hr Zht

h¡& ¶h g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ ‘¢, ‘oam, ‘wPo Am{X& àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V H$s AnZr Hw$N>

Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$s {Xem {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¢ VWm ¶h

{Xem ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa ‘mo‹S> XoVr h¡, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| VZmd â XoVr h¡&

ì¶p³V O~ VH$ AdamoYm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþ±M OmVm, V~ VH$

dh ~am~a à¶ËZerb ~Zm ahVm h¡&

4. ~mø AmdaU

¶h AmdaU ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ ~mha Mmam| Amoa ahVm h¡&

¶h àmUr go gå~pÝYV dmVmdaU Ho$ CZ njm| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡, {OZH$m















àË¶jrH$aU ì¶p³V ñd¶§ Zht H$a nmVm, {H$ÝVw Cg ì¶p³V H$m AÜ¶¶Z

H$aZo dmbo bmoJ CZH$m àË¶jrH$aU H$a gH$Vo h¢, Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, g‘ñV

A‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VÏ¶m| H$m dh {‘lU, Omo OrdZ {dñVma Ho$ Mmam| Amoa {Kam

ahVm h¡, ~mø AmdaU H$hbmVm h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ emar[aH$ VWm

gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU Ho$ do ^mJ AmVo h¢, Omo g‘¶ {deof ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ-

{dñVma Ho$ A§J Zht hmoVo, bo{H$Z H$^r A§J hmo gH$Vo h¢& ¶h ì¶p³V H$s

ì¶mdhm[aH$ gå^mdZmAm| H$mo gr{‘V H$aVm h¡&

5. Vbê$n

joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo Vbê$n {gÕmÝV r H$hVo h¢& Vbê$n H$m ¶h àË¶¶ aoImJ{UV

go {b¶m J¶m h¡& H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo J{UV Ho$ AmYma na ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$mo g‘PmZo

H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡& Vbê$n ‘| Xÿar d AmH¥${V H$m H$moB© ‘hÎd Zht hmoVm AWm©V²

BgH$m bå~B©, Mm¡‹S>mB© VWm ‘moQ>mB© go H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm h¡, ~pëH$ Bg‘|

AÝXa, ~mha VWm gr‘m Ho$ àË¶¶m| H$s {ddoMZm H$s OmVr h¡& Vbê$n aoImJ{UV

H$s ÑpîQ> go d¥Îm, XrK©d¥Îm, g‘ ¶m {df‘ ~hþ^wOm| ‘| H$moB© AÝVa Zht hmoVm&

nmZr H$s EH$ ~yÝX VWm n¥Ïdr XmoZm| hr Vbê$n H$s ÑpîQ> go EH$ g‘mZ g‘Po

OmVo h¢& Vbê$n CÔoí¶ VWm CZH$s àm{á Ho$ ‘Ü¶ ~mYmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ì¶p³V

H$s pñW{V H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVm h¡&

6. g{Xe

g{Xe H$m àË¶¶ ^m¡{VH$ emñÌ go {b¶m J¶m h¡& ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| g{Xe EH$ ~b

H$m à{V{Z{YËd H$aVm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa AWdm

bú¶ go Xÿa OmZo H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡& g{Xe ‘| EH$ {deof {Xem ‘| OmZo

H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡ VWm ¶h ep³V Ed§ {Xem XmoZm| H$mo A{^ì¶³V H$aVm h¡&

ep³V Ed§ {Xem {‘bH$a àoaH$ H$mo ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g{Xe

‘| VrZ ~mV| {Z{hV hmoVr h¢- {Xem, ep³V VWm à¶moJ {~ÝXþ& g{Xe ¶h ^r

A{^ì¶³V H$aVm h¡ {H$ {H$g n[apñW{V ‘| ³¶m hmoZo dmbm h¡ AWdm ³¶m hmo

ahm h¡& gmW hr, ¶h OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {d{^ÝZ àXoem| H$s H$f©U ep³V¶m| H$mo

^r ì¶³V H$aVm h¡&

7. H$f©U ep³V

OrdZ-{dñVma Ho$ {H$gr joÌ ¶m àXoe ‘| Xmo àH$ma H$s ep³V¶m± hmoVr h¢,

{OÝh| AmH$f©U VWm à{VH$f©U ep³V¶m± H$hVo h¢& ¶o ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ VWm

ZH$mamË‘H$ Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& Bg ep³V¶m| ‘| {Xem VWm n[aUm‘ XmoZm|

hmoVo h¢& O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V {H$gr dñVw Ho$ à{V AmH${f©V hmoVm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo

h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| AmH$f©U ep³V h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ {dnarV, O~ H$moB© ì¶p³V

{H$gr dñVw go Xÿa hQ>Vm h¡, V~ h‘ H$hVo h¢ {H$ Cg dñVw ‘| {dH$f©U ep³V h¡&

H$f©U ep³V Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶hr {dMma ‘m¡[ag. Eb. {~½Jr Zo ^r ì¶³V {H$¶o h¢&

8. AdamoY

¶h dmVmdaU H$m EH$ JË¶mË‘H$ nhby h¡, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$

nhþ±MZo Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| Am I‹S>m hmoVm h¡ VWm CgHo$ AmJo ~‹T>Zo H$s J{V H$mo AdéÕ

H$a XoVm h¡& g§jon ‘|, ì¶p³V H$mo AnZo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm|

Ed§ AdamoYm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$mo BZ AdamoYm| H$mo Xÿa

H$aZo hoVw A{^àoaUm {‘bVr ahr, Vmo dh AnZo bú¶ H$mo AmgmZr go àmá H$a

boVm h¡& BgHo$ {dnarV pñW{V ‘| dh ¶m Vmo AnZm bú¶ hr ~Xb boVm h¡

AWdm hVme, {Zame Ed§ Hw$ÊR>m H$m {eH$ma hmo OmVm h¡& ~ma-~ma H$s g’$bVm

go ì¶p³V H$s AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa D$na CR>Vm h¡ VWm ~ma-~ma Ag’$b hmoZo

na AmH$m§jm H$m ñVa ZrMo {JaVm h¡&

9. ÛÝÛ

Eogm g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ joÌ ‘| Eogo CnjoÌ ^r hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|

{H$ EH$ hr g‘¶ ‘| {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ H$f©U g{H«$¶ hmoVo h¢& {deofH$a Cg

n[apñW{V ‘| O~ AmH$f©U Am¡a {dH$f©U CËnÝZ H$aZo dmbr XmoZm| ep³V¶m±

g‘mZ hmo& Eogr pñW{V ‘| ÛÝÛ H$m CËnÝZ hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ hr h¡& bo{dZ Zo ÛÝÛ

VrZ àH$ma Ho$ ~Vm¶o h¢- nhbm, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± gH$mamË‘H$ hmo&

O¡go- {H$gr ì¶p³V H$mo ~¢H$ ‘| ³bH©$ {Z¶w³V H$a {b¶m OmE Am¡a Eb.AmB©.

gr. ‘| ^r& Xÿgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| XmoZm| ep³V¶m± ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- AmJo

Hw$Am±, nrN>o ImB©& Vrgam, dh ÛÝÛ {Og‘| EH$ ep³V gH$mamË‘H$ d EH$

ZH$mamË‘H$ hmo& O¡go- EH$ N>moQ>r b‹S>H$s AmBgH«$s‘ ^r ImZm MmhVr h¡ Am¡a

Cgo Bg ~mV H$m ^r S>a h¡ {H$ H$ht Cgo OwH$m‘ Z hmo Om¶o&

6.14.3 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s H${‘¶m±1. bo{dZ Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$s ì¶m»¶m J{UV Ho$ n[a^m{fV eãXm|,

O¡go- joÌ’$b, OrdZ {dñVma, Vbê$n, ep³V, gÝVwbZ, do³Q>a Am{X Ho$ Ûmam H$s h¡& dmñVd ‘| BZ g~ eãXm| H$mo g‘PZm ~‹S>m H${R>Z h¡&

2. Bgr àH$ma ¶h {gÕmÝV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s Vah {dH${gV Zht hþAm, daZ² A{^àoaUm Ed§ àË¶jrH$aU Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ ê$n ‘| gm‘Zo Am¶m, naÝVw BVZm Adí¶ h¡ {H$ bo{dZ AnZo Bg {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo H$s n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| ^r H$aZm MmhVm h¡&

3. Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡ VWm dh gånyU© dmVmdaU Ho$ à^md go AnZm ì¶dhma àX{e©V H$aVm h¡, naÝVw ³¶m dmVmdaU hr g~go A{YH$ à^mdembr h¡? ì¶p³V H$s Hw$N> AmÝV[aH$ BÀN>mE±, Amdí¶H$VmE± ^r Cgo ì¶dhma H$aZo H$mo

ào[aV H$aVr h¢&4. dmñVd ‘| ¶h {gÕmÝV ‘mZdr¶ A{^àoaUm Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go gå~pÝYV

h¡&

5. ¶h {gÕmÝV AZw^d Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶dhma H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡&

6.14.4 H$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶VmH$Q>© bo{dZ Ho$ joÌ {gÕmÝV H$mo {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m

h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV {~ÝXþAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|

AmgmZr go g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. ¶h {gÕmÝV {ejm VWm ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ úmoÌ ‘| à^mdr T>±J go Cn¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo VWm g‘mO

‘Zmo{dkmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Bg {gÕmÝV H$m ‘hÎd Am¡a ^r A{YH$ ~‹T> OmVm h¡&

2. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZm OrdZ joÌ H$mo {d o{XV ~ZmZo H$s

à{H«$¶m h¡& {d oXrH¥$V OrdZ Ho$ úmoÌ go h‘mam Ame¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ OrdZ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AZoH$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o joÌ Ed§ àXoe g‘m{hV ahVo h¢&






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3. Bg {gÕmÝV H$m {ejU ‘| {deof ‘hÎd h¡& Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$ H$mo

Mm{hE {H$ dh grIZo Ho$ {bE C{MV dmVmdaU àñVwV H$ao VWm

N>mÌm| Ho$ gå‘wI Ano{jV ì¶mdhm[aH$ CÔoí¶m| H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU ^br

àH$ma H$ao, Vm{H$ CÝh| AmgmZr go àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$&

4. Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma {ejH$ H$mo ~hþV hr à^mdH$mar T>§J go

{dÚmWu, CgHo$ dmVmdaU, CgH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|, é{M¶m|,

ÑpîQ>H$moUm|, gr‘mAm|, j‘VmAm| Ed§ AÝ¶ gå~ÝYm| H$mo ~Iy~r

g‘PZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, {ejH$ H$mo {dÚmWu Ho$ OrdZ joÌ

H$mo nyar Vah go g‘PZm Mm{hE&

5. {ejH$m| H$mo Eogo à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE, {Oggo {H$ N>mÌm| Ho$ àË¶jrH$aU

H$m joÌ {dñV¥V hmo Am¡a OrdZ joÌ Am¡a A{YH$ bå~m Mm¡‹S>m hmoVm

Om¶& gmW hr {dÚmWu H$s grIZo go gå~pÝYV AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ^r

D±$Mm CR>mZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m Om¶o&6. {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m àmaå^ H$aZo go nyd© N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$

ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| ^r {ejH$ H$mo OmZH$mar àmá H$a boZr Mm{hE& CgH$m ¶h ha gå^d à¶mg hmoZm Mm{hE {H$ N>mÌ hVmem, Hw$ÊR>m, {Zamem, VZmd Am{X go Xÿa aho AÝ¶Wm Eogr n[apñW{V ‘| N>mÌ go dm{ÝN>V A{YJ‘ H$s Anojm H$aZm {ZamYma hr gm[~V hmoJm&

7. A{^àoaUm, A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ A{Zdm¶© eV© h¡& H$hm ^r J¶m h¡ {H$ {OVZm AÀN>m A{^àoaU, CVZm hr AÀN>m grIZm& ¶h {gÕmÝV Bgr{bE {ejU ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b XoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm hr N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo H$s {Xem ‘| CËgmh, Ü¶mZ Ed§ é{M H$m g‘w{MV {dH$mg H$aVr h¡&

8. ¶h {gÕmÝV Bg ~mV na ~hþV A{YH$ ~b XoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m dmVmdaU N>mÌm| H$s grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ~hþV A{YH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& AV… ¶h na‘ Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ H$jm H$m m¡{VH$ dmVmdaU, O¡go- àH$me, dm¶w Am{X CÀM ñVa H$m ~Zm¶m Om¶o& gmW hr N>mÌm| ‘o§ nañna gh¶moJ, ñZoh Am{X H$s ^mdZmE± {dH${gV H$a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ dmVmdaU H$m ^r {Z‘m©U {H$¶m Om¶o&

9. ¶h {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| H$s aQ>Zo H$s àH¥${V H$m {damoY H$aVm h¡ VWm

BgHo$ ñWmZ na CZ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVm h¡& gmW

hr N>mÌm| Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| kmZ H$mo R>±ygZo H$m à¶mg Zht H$aZm Mm{hE, ~pëH$ AmYw{ZH$ {ejU à{d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$a Cgo gwJ«mø ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE&

10. ¶h {gÕmÝV ì¶p³V H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& AV… {ejm ‘| N>mÌm|

Ho$ ñd H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE& O~ VH$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm|, j‘VmAm|, H${‘¶m|, dmVmdaU Ed§ CÔoí¶m| go n[a{MV Zht hmoJm, V~ VH$ dh Z Vmo à^mdr ì¶dhma hr H$a nmEJm Am¡a Z

hr Ano{jV A{YJ‘ àmá H$a gHo$Jm&

11. ¶h {gÕmÝV AdamoYm| Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ñdrH$ma H$aVm h¡& bo{dZ Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V AmH$f©U Ho$ H$maU bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE g~go

N>moQ>m VarH$m AnZm gH$Vm h¡, O¡go {H$ narjm ‘| ZH$b H$aZm& Bg{bE OrdZ joÌ ‘| AdamoY H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& XÊS> H$s pñW{V

‘| ì¶p³V n[apñW{V go nbm¶Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& AV… ì¶p³V H$mo

Cgr joÌ ‘| aIZo Ho$ {bE ge³V AdamoYm| H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡&

12. {H$gr {H«$¶m H$s nwZamd¥{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm

go CËnÝZ VZmd XmoZm| ‘| n[adV©Z bmVr h¡& n[aUm‘V… bú¶ H$s

AmH$f©U ep³V ‘| n[adV©Z Am OmVm h¡& H$f©U H$B© àH$ma go

n[ad{V©V hmoVo h¢, O¡go- AmH$f©U ¶w³V bú¶ AnZm AmH$f©U Imo

gH$Vo h¢& ¶{X ~ma-~ma Cgr {H«$¶m H$mo Xmoham¶m Om¶o, Vmo àmUr

V¥{á H$s AdñWm VH$ nhþ±M OmVm h¡, Xÿgao, ‘ybV… AZmH$f©U bú¶

AmH$f©U ¶w³V ~Z OmVo h¢, O¡go- nhbo gm§p»¶H$s ~war bJVr Wr,

bo{H$Z Aä¶mg go ag AmZo bJm VWm Vrgao, bú¶ H$m MwZmd

ì¶p³V H$s g’$bVm ¶m Ag’$bVm go gå~pÝYV nyd© AZw^dm| Ûmam

à^m{dV hmoVm h¡&

13. H$m¡Z-gr MrO ñ‘¥{V ‘| ahoJr, Bg gå~ÝY ‘| ^r bo{dZ Zo AnZo

{dMma gw{ZpíMV {H$¶o h¢, O¡go- Eogr MrO|, {OÝh| nyam H$aZo go

H$moB© à¶moOZ {gÕ Zht hmoVm, do ^yb OmVo h¢, AYyao H$m¶© nyao H$a {X¶o J¶o H$m¶m] H$s Anojm A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢ VWm Eogo H$m¶© Omo H$B© Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, do CZ H$m¶m] H$s Anojm Omo Ho$db EH$ hr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢, A{YH$ ¶mX ahVo h¢&

6.15 A{YJ‘ H$m gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝVBg ‘V H$m à{VnmXZ Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m Wm& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$m

AmYma nyUm©H$madmX h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$s ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶dhma CÔoí¶nyU©

hmoVm h¡& A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M• VWm AmemAm| H$mo dh A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVm h¡& CgHo$

AZwgma CÔrnZ ‘| AW© Cgr g‘¶ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, O~{H$ dh ì¶p³V

H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Am¡a CÔoí¶ ny{V© ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V

à¶moOZdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h à¶moOZ H$mo {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo

grIZo H$m Ho$ÝÐ {~ÝXþ ‘mZVo h¢& Or. boñQ>a EÊS>agZ Ho$ AZwgma- Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$

{gÕmÝV ‘o§ Ho$db J{V¶m| H$m hr A{YJ‘ Zht àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ~pëH$ {M•m|

¶m AmemAm| H$m A{YJ‘ ^r àmá {H$¶m OmVm h¡& H«${‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| J{V¶m±

EH$ O¡gr Zht ‘mZr Om gH$Vr& A{YJ‘H$Vm© n[apñW{V H$mo àË¶j go ‘mnVm

h¡ Am¡a BZ àË¶j kmZm| Ho$ AZwgma hr AZw{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶h ‘mZm OmVm h¡

{H$ BZ àË¶j kmZm| go VpÝÌH$m gå~ÝYr gh-gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, naÝVw CZH$m

ñdê$n A^r kmV Zht h¡, {H$ÝVw Q>m°b‘¡Z Am¡a AÝ¶ bmoJm| Zo Bg g§H$ënZm H$mo

A{^ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H$ VpÝÌH$m H$s aMZm ‘| H$hr {M•m|, AmemAm| Am¡a

bú¶m| Ho$ àË¶j kmZ Ho$ gmW gh gå~ÝY {dÚm‘mZ h¡, EH$ eãX H$m à¶moJ

{H$¶m J¶m h¡, ¶h eãX h¡ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, Omo A~ ^r nyar Vah go ñnîQ>

ê$n go d{U©V Zht {H$¶m J¶m, {H$ÝVw ¶h ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV EH$ AZw‘mZ h¡&

Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘o§ kmZmË‘H$ ì¶dhma H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m J¶m h¡&

Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V CÔoí¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡& Bg ‘V H$mo BZ Zm‘m|

go ^r nwH$mam OmVm h¡-

1. {M• J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV2. gå^mdZm {gÕmÝV

3. kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV

ES>dS>© gr. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ newAm| VWm ‘Zwî¶m|

‘| CÔoí¶mË‘H$, àoaH$, ¶wÕ H$s Amoa VWm Hw$N> {Z~ÝYm| ‘| {H$¶m h¡& Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo















ì¶dhma H$mo J«m‘mUw {db¶Z VWm AmU{dH$ H$s ^m±{V g‘Pm h¡& BgH$m AmYma

ñZm¶w, ‘m±gno{e¶m± VWm J«pÝW¶m± h¢& AZoH$ {M• A{YJ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ CâVo h¢,

Bg{bE Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m {gÕmÝV Ho$ {M• nyUm©H$ma ‘V ^r H$hm J¶m h¡&

Q>m°b‘¡Z H$m ¶h ‘V A{YJ‘ Ho$ {M•m| Ho$ Ad~moY na ~b XoVm h¡& ¶o

{M• H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVo h¢& CÔoí¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE amñVm|,

{d{Y¶m| Am{X H$m kmZ XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V O~ {H$gr ^r {H«$¶m H$m A{YJ‘ H$aVm

h¡, Vmo g~go nhbo dh g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw AZoH$ VÎd EH$Ì H$aVm h¡&

BZ VÎdm| Ho$ AZwê$n h‘ à{V{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢& A{YJ‘ H$m AW© {d[^ÝZ CÔrnZ

Ho$ gå~ÝYm| H$mo nhMmZZm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s à{V{H«$¶m H$m AmYma AmemAm| Ed§

CÔoí¶m| H$m àË¶jrH$aU h¡&

6.15.1 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE±1. ¶h {gÕmÝV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm na ~b XoVm h¡& Bg‘| {M• Amem

VWm bú¶m| H$m {Zdoe hmoVm h¡&2. ^m¡{VH$ {dkmZ ‘| J«m‘mUw H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& ¶hr AZwH$aU

‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| ^r {H$¶m J¶m h¡&3. grIZo dmbm AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m A{YJ‘ CÔrnZm| Ho$ àË¶j kmZ Ho$

ê$n ‘| H$aVm h¡&4. ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ bú¶ H$s ny{V© hmoVm h¡&

6.15.2 gmBZ-J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶VmQ>m°b‘¡Z H$m ‘V {ejm ‘| H${Vn¶ YmaUmAm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVm h¡& ¶Ú{n

AÜ¶mnH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZm, {M• Am{X eãXm| H$m à¶moJ Vmo Zht H$aVo, naÝVw

AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ g‘j BgH$m ³¶m AW© h¡, ³¶m g‘Po Am{X dm³¶m| H$m à¶moJ

Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$s nwpîQ> H$aVo h¢& Q>m°b‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma, CZ bmoJm| H$m

ì¶dhma Omo A{YJ‘ àmá H$aVo h¢, J{V¶m| H$s AÝ¶ VpÝÌH$m ûm¥§Ibm àX{e©V

Zht H$aVm, ~pëH$ ¶h àX{e©V H$aVm h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| ~w{Õ H$m¶© H$aVr h¡&1. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{YJ‘ H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶m

Ho$ CÔoí¶ àm{á Ho$ gmYZ Am{X H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU H$a Xo&2. ¶{X N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘j CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> h¡, Vmo do {H$gr {H«$¶m Ho$ A{YJ‘

‘| A{YH$ é{M b|Jo& AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh H$jm Ho$ ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a emar{aH$ ñVa VWm AmH$m§jmAm| H$m Ü¶mZ aIo&

6.16 ~y«Za H$m A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV{n¶mOo Ho$ {dMmam| Ho$ AZwJm‘r VWm {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdV©H$ Ho$ ê$n

‘| Oo. Eg. ~y«Za H$m Zm‘ {deof ê$n go CëboIZr¶ h¡& ~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

go gå~Õ ZdrZ gåàË¶¶m| H$s CX²^mdZm H$s&

grIZo hoVw Bg nmR>-¶moOZm ‘| ~y«Za Ûmam {dH${gV à{V‘mZ (‘m°S>b)

1956 ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm& BgH$m à¶moJ nmR>-¶moOZm gåàofU àË¶¶-

{Zîn{Îm à{V‘mZ gyMZm àH$aU ‘| à‘wI òmoV Ho$ ê$n ‘| {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

AmJ‘Z VH©$ Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw ¶h à{V‘mZ {deof Cn¶moJr h¡& ~y«Za VWm AÝ¶

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo AnZo emoYm| Ho$ Ûmam ¶h OmZZo H$m à¶ËZ {H$¶m {H$ ‘mZd

AnZo àË¶¶m| H$s aMZm H¡$go H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ AZwgma n¶m©daU ‘| dñVwAm|

Ho$ nañna gå~ÝYm| VWm gmÑí¶ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XoIVm h¡&

6.16.1 gåàË¶¶~y«Za Zo AnZo J«ÝW Towards Theory of Instruction ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV

gåàË¶¶ àH$Q> {H$E h¢-

1. ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg

~y«Za Zo ~m¡{ÕH$ [dH$mg Ho$ {ZåZm§{H$V VrZ MaU ¶m AdñWmE± ~VbmB© h¢-

1. ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ {~Zm ~mobo {H«$¶mE±

H$aVm h¡, O¡go- KwQ>Zm| Ho$ ~b MbZm, {H$gr dñVw H$mo nH$‹S>Zo hoVw

hmW-n¡a {hbmZm Am{X&

2. ‘yVm©dñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ‘yV© ê$n ‘| kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&

dh ì¶dñWmnH$s¶ AdñWm ‘| àË¶jrH$aU Ûmam {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡,

O~{H$ Bg AdñWm ‘| dh àË¶jrH$aU Ûmam ‘yV© H$ënZm H$a AnZo n¶m©daU H$m kmZ àmá H$aVm h¡&

3. àVrH$mË‘H$ AdñWm - Bg AdñWm ‘| ^mfm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡ VWm mfm {M•m| d g§Ho$Vm| Ho$ Ûmam CZH$m gå~ÝY dñVwAm| d {dMmam| go Omo‹S>m OmVm h¡& ¶h ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg H$s ApÝV‘ ¶m CÀMV‘ AdñWm h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo ^mfm go gå~Õ H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg Ho$ nyd© ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ZB© ì¶m»¶m H$a CÝh| ñnîQ> {H$¶m, {Oggo {ejm-joÌ ‘| {ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘br h¡&

2. ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘

~y«Za Zo Xÿgam gåàË¶¶ ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ H$m {X¶m, {OgHo$ AZwgma {eúmm ‘|

AÝdofU {d{Y H$m ‘hÎd ñnîQ> {H$¶m J¶m& ~y«Za Zo ~Vbm¶m {H$ AÝdofU ¶m

ImoO {d{Y go ~mbH$ ‘| g¥OZerbVm H$s d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡ VWm CgH$s ñ‘¥{V,

{MÝVZ d {ZU©¶ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

3. gåàË¶¶ {Z‘m©U

gåàË¶¶ {Z‘m©U H$m {dH$mgdmXr ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd h¡& ~y«Za Zo

~Vbm¶m {H$ gåàË¶¶ {Z‘m©U e¡edmdñWm go hr Amaå^ hmo OmVm h¡ VWm Yrao-

Yrao gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ g§JR>Z ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡& gåàË¶¶m| go hr

g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZH$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡&

4. ^mfm {dH$mg

~y«Za Zo ~mbH$ Ho$ ^mfm-{dH$mg gå~ÝYr gåàË¶¶ H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m& ^mfm H$m

{dH$mg àVrH$mË‘H$ ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡& ^mfm {dMmam| H$mo gwJ‘ ~Zm XoVr h¡& ^mfm

{dH$mg na gm§ñH¥${VH$aU H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ^mfm go ~mbH$ Ho$ {dMmam| H$m

‘m¡{IH$sH$aU hmoVm h¡& {ejm ‘| BZ {dMmam| H$m gXþn¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

5. ‘yb A{YJ‘

‘yb A{YJ‘ H$m AW© ZdrZ gåàË¶¶ Ed§ VH©$ dm³¶m| H$m kmZ hmoVm h¡& BZHo$

kmZ H$s gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y AÝdofU {d{Y h¡&

Cnamo³V {dMmam| go ~y«Za Zo {dH$mgmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m

VWm {ejm-joÌ ‘| ZdrZ gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ AZwà¶moJ H$m ‘mJ© Imobm& ~m¡{ÕH$

{dH$mg H$s AdñWmE± ñnîQ> H$a {ejU ‘| CZH$m ‘hÎd ~Vbm¶m& gåàË¶¶






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{Z‘m©U ‘| ImoOnyU© A{YJ‘ VWm ^mfm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘Pm H$a

{ejU H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m& ~y«Za Zo BZ {dMmam| go {ejH$

{ejU-A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m H$mo à^mdnyU© d gwJ‘ ~ZmZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VWm

g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg hoVw ZdrZ à¶moJm| H$s àoaUm Xr&

6.16.2 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s {deofVmE± 1. A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV - {ejU H$m gX¡d A{YJ‘ AmYm[aV hmoZm&

2. kmZ H$s g§aMZm - kmZ AWdm {df¶dñVw H$m {Z¶moOZ A{YJ‘ H$mo

gab ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmE&

3. VmaVå¶Vm - {df¶dñVw VWm A{YJ‘ AZw^dm| ‘| H«$‘~ÕVm hmo&

4. nwZ~©bZ - nwañH$ma, XÊS> Am{X go {ejU ‘| nwZ~©bZ {H$¶m Om¶o&

6.16.3 ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ CnmXo¶Vm1. {ejU {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ H$maU {ejm H$m Am¶moOZ H$jm-H$j ‘| ~mbH$m|

H$s Am¶w Ed§ kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmZo bJm&2. ~mbH$m| H$mo H$jm-H$j ‘| {X¶m OmZo dmbm kmZ nyd© A{YJ‘ na

AmYm[aV hmoZm Mm{hE&3. ~mbH$ {gÕmÝV H$m AZwgaU H$aVm h¡& AV… ~mbH$ H$mo g{H«$¶

aIZm Mm{hE, g{H«$¶Vm go ~mbH$ OëXr grIVm h¡&4. ~mbH$ dñVwAm| H$m àVrH$m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| AdbmoH$Z H$a grIVm h¡&5. ~y«Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm na ~b {X¶m&6. nmR²>¶H«$‘ {Z‘m©U Ed§ VmaVå¶Vm&7. nwZ~©bZ H$m A{YJ‘ ‘hÎd ~y«Za H$s XoZ h¡&8. {ejm ‘| AZwImoO A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ ~y«Za Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m&9. ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b ZdrZ {ejU H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm

Mm{hE&10. {ejm joÌ ‘| AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na hr Aä¶mg H$admZm Mm{hE&11. ~y«Za Ho$ {ejU {gÕmÝV Zo ~mb-‘Zmo{dkmZ ¶m ~mb-{dH$mg H$mo

ZB© {Xem àXmZ H$s******* *******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. à{V{H«$¶m H$m {dbmon hmoZm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$ ~mX A{YH$

H${R>Z h¡?(1) Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) {ZaÝVa nwZ~©bZ

(3) XÊS> (4) ‘m¡{IH$ ^Ëg©Zm

2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm g~go Á¶mXm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) ~ÀMo H$s AmZwd§{eH$Vm (2) grIZo H$s e¡br

(3) ~ÀMm| H$m narjm n[aUm‘ (4) ~ÀMo H$s Am{W©H$ {ñW{V

3. nwZ~©bZ H$m {gÕmÝV ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&(1) nmdbm°d (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$

(3) H$moh²b~J© (4) {ñH$Za

4. grIZo H$m dh {gÕmÝV Omo nyU© ê$n go Am¡a Ho$db AdbmoH$Zr¶

ì¶dhma na AmYm[aV h¡, grIZo Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV go gå~Õ h¡&(1) {dH$mgdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr

(3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr

5. grIZo Ho$ AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV H$mo {H$gZo ~‹T>mdm {X¶m?(1) JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝVdmXr (2) ì¶dhmadmXr

(3) aMZmdmXr (4) g§kmZdmXr

6. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?(1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$

(3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) AmÜ¶mpË‘H$

7. gyP H«${‘H$ VWm H«$‘~Õ hmoVr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?(1) H$mohba Zo (2) dXu‘a Zo

(3) H$moâH$m Zo (4) S>§H$a Zo

8. Amhm AZw^d grIZo Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV go gå~{ÝYV h¡?(1) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb {gÕmÝV go

(2) gyP {gÕmÝV go

(3) àdV©Z AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go

(4) AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go

9. à^md àgma H$m gå~ÝY h¡-(1) gyP {gÕmÝV go

(2) à¶ËZ VWm ^yb {gÕmÝV go

(3) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV go

(4) àdV©Z AZwHy$bZ {gÕmÝV go

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

(1) (2) (4) (2) (2) (2) (4) (2) (2)


aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm

Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo

H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535

























10. A{YJ‘ Ho$ g§H$bH$ (Eclectic) {gÕmÝV H$o à{VnmXH$ Wo-(1) J¡½Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z

(3) {ñH$Za (4) hm°b

11. O~ nyd© H$m A{YJ‘ ZB© pñW{V¶m| Ho$ grIZo H$mo {~ëHw$b à^m{dV Zht

H$aVm, Vmo ¶h ........... H$hbmVm h¡&(1) A{YJ‘ H$m eyÝ¶ ñWmZmÝVaU

(2) A{YJ‘ H$m {Zanoj ñWmZmÝVaU

(3) A{YJ‘ H$m gH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU

(4) A{YJ‘ H$m ZH$mamË‘H$ ñWmZmÝVaU

12. ì¶dhma H$m H$aZm nj ........... ‘| AmVm h¡&(1) grIZo Ho$ J{VH$ (H$moZo{Q>d) joÌ

(2) grIZo Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ joÌ

(3) grIZo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ joÌ

(4) grIZo Ho$ ^mdmË‘H$ joÌ

13. grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| ñH¡$’$mopëS>¨J ........... H$s Amoa g§Ho$V

H$aVm h¡&(1) AZwê${nV {ejH$

(2) nyd© A{YJ‘ H$s nwZamd¥{Îm

(3) grIZo ‘| d¶ñH$m| Ûmam AñWmB© gh¶moJ

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam H$s JB© Jb{V¶m| Ho$ H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZm

14. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$E JE à¶moJ ‘| Añdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$

{ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z Wm?(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO (2) ^moOZ

(3) bma òmd H$aZm (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

15. nmdbm°d Ûmam Hw$Îmo na {H$¶o JE à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ H$m¡Z Wm?(1) KÊQ>r H$s AmdmO

(2) bma òmd H$aZm

(3) ^moOZ

(4) ñd¶§ nmdbm°d

16. nmdbm°d Ho$ AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘|-(1) nhbo ^moOZMyU©, BgHo$ ~mX Üd{Z CnpñWV H$s J¶r Wr&

(2) nhbo Üd{Z, VËníMmV ^moOZMyU© àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m Wm&

(3) ^moOZ Ed§ Üd{Z XmoZm| gmW-gmW àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo&

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht

17. nmdbm°d Zo grIZo Ho$ AZw~ÝY-à{V{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ

........... na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {H$¶m Wm&(1) IaJmoe (2) Myho

(3) Hw$Îmo (4) {~ëbr

18. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Zgm ^ybZo H$m {gÕmÝV h¡?(1) à{VñnYm©Ë‘H$ AdamoY (2) àVrnH$mar AdamoY

(3) à{V~mo{YV AdamoY (4) à{VÀN>m{¶V AdamoY

19. dmQ>gZ VWm aoZa Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$m¡Zgr Wr?(1) CObm Myhm (2) S>a

(3) AmdmO (4) CObm amoE±Xma H$moQ>

20. {H$g ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ Zo Aì¶³V A{YJ‘ H$m àË¶¶ {X¶m?(1) Q>m°b‘¡Z (2) bo{dZ

(3) d¡ÊSw>am (4) {ñH$Za

21. {M•/g§Ho$V A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV {H$ggo gå~{ÝYV h¡?(1) g§kmZmË‘H$Vm (2) ì¶dhmadmX

(3) g§kmZmË‘H$ nyU©H$ma (4) àH$m¶©dmX

22. A{YJ‘ H$m Vbê$n {gÕmÝV {X¶m-(1) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo (2) bo{dZ Zo

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dmQ>gZ Zo

23. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h Xem©Vm h¡ {H$ Amno{jV ì¶dhma

Ho$ g{ÝZH$Q> gH$mamË‘H$ à{V{H«$¶m VWm nwZ~©bZ Ho$ ’$bñdê$n

ì¶dhmamË‘H$ {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) dmÚ AZw~ÝYZ

(3) Am°naoÝQ> AZw~ÝYZ (4) gm‘m{OH$ AZw~ÝYZ

24. àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo .......... ^r H$hm OmVm h¡&(1) Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ (2) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ

(3) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

25. {H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {H$gH$s XoZ ‘mZm OmVm h¡?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d

(3) {ñH$Za (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

26. S-R gå~ÝY nmE OmVo h¢-(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘|

(2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘|

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘|

(4) BZ g^r ‘|

27. R-R VWm R-S gå~ÝY XmoZm| hr {dÚ‘mZ hmoVo h¢-(1) naånamJV g‘m¶moOZ ‘|

(2) {H«$¶merb g‘m¶moOZ ‘|

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘|

(4) BZ g^r ‘|

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27.

(1) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3)













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28. S àH$ma H$m AZw~ÝYZ ³¶m hmoVm h¡?(1) naånamJV AZw~ÝYZ

(2) {H«$¶merb AZw~ÝYZ

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) ¶o g^r

29. AZw~ÝYZ à¶moJ ‘| Ho$db AZw~pÝYV CÔrnH$ (Üd{Z) Ho$ CnpñWV

H$aZo na hmoZo dmbr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?(1) AZmZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m

(3) Aì¶ñV AZw{H«$¶m (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht

30. nånamJV AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gZo à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m Wm?(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) BZ g^r Zo

31. H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo-(1) nmdbm°d (2) {ñH$Za

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) BZ g^r Ho$

32. A{YJ‘ Ho$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m

‘| ì¶{³V Jb{V¶m± H$a gH$Vm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~ma-~ma {H$E JE à¶mgm|

Ho$ ~mX dh grIZo ‘| g’$b hmo OmVm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ

{H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) H$moh²b~J© Zo

33. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go A{YJ‘ ‘| H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ Hw$N>

n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J«

ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV {H$¶m OmE?(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> ¶m gyP H$m {gÕmÝV

(2) g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV

(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV

(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV

34. grIZm {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) JoQ²>g H$m (2) dwS>dW H$m

(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) H$mohba H$m

35. A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ EH$ MaU Ho$ ê$n ‘| N>mÌm| H$s Ìw{Q>¶m| H$m nVm

bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| {H$gH$s OmZH$mar gdm©{YH$

Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) A{YJ‘ H$s d¡H$pënH$ AdYmaUmE±

(2) A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$

(3) A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$s gm‘m{OH$-Am{W©H$ {ñW{V

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

36. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘

Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ

{H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?(1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo

37. grIZo Ho$ CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ ‘w»¶ à{VnmXH$ H$m¡Z h¢?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) nmdbm°d

(3) H$mohba (4) {ñH$Za

38. grIZo H$s Ag’$bVmAm| H$m H$maU, g‘PZo H$s Ag’$bVmE± h¢& ¶h

H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) nmdbm°d H$m

(2) {ñH$Za H$m

(3) ‘g}b H$m

(4) dwS>dW© H$m

39. O~ {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Añdm^m{dH$

CÔrnH$ ^r dhr à{V{H«$¶m XoZo bJVm h¡ Omo ñdm^m{dH$ CÔrnH$ XoVm

h¡& ¶h A{YJ‘ H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV h¡?(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV

(2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV

(3) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) AZw^dOÝ¶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

40. A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ejmempñÌ¶m| Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{dY àH$ma

H$s n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢& BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AZwgma A{YJ‘ ..........

MbZo dmbr EH$ {ZaÝVa à{H«$¶m h¡&(1) OrdZ n¶©ÝV (2) {H$emoamdñWm VH$

(3) d¥ÕmdñWm VH$ (4) ¶wdmdñWm VH$

41. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V

ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡?(1) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV

(2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV

(3) AZwH$aU {gÕmÝV

(4) AZw^dOÝ¶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

42. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV ¶h ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZo hoVw H$m¶© H$mo

XmohamZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?(1) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV

(2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ H$m {gÕmÝV

(3) AZw^dOÝ¶ A{YJ‘ H$m {gÕmÝV

(4) AZwH$aU H$m {gÕmÝV

28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

(2) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (3)






















43. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV Ho$ AmYma na ~mbH$ ‘| ^¶, ào‘ Ed§ K¥Um

Ho$ ^md AmgmZr go CËnÝZ {H$E Om gH$Vo h¢?(1) AZw^dOÝ¶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV

(2) AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV

(3) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV

(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> H$m {gÕmÝV

44. {H$gr CÔrnZ Ho$ {ZaÝVa {XE OmZo go ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbm AñWm¶r

n[adV©Z H$hbmVm h¡-(1) Aä¶ñVVm (2) A{YJ‘

(3) AñWm¶r A{YJ‘ (4) A{^àoaUm

45. ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo ñWm¶r n[adV©Z, Omo Aä¶mg Ho$ H$maU hmoVo h¢,

H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) grIZm (2) gmoMZm

(3) {H«$¶m H$aZm (4) H$ënZm H$aZm

46. J¡½Zo {ZåZ ‘| go {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡?(1) A{YJ‘ H$m loUrH«$‘ (2) A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV

(3) A{YJ‘ H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) A{YJ‘ H$m à~ÝYZ

47. Am§{eH$ nwZ~©bZ-(1) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm A{YH$ à^mdr hmoVm h¡&

(2) gVV² nwZ~©bZ H$s Anojm H$‘ à^mdr hmoVm h¡&

(3) dmñV{dH$ H$jm H$j ‘| AZwà¶w³V Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&

(4) newAm| H$mo à{e{jV H$aZo ‘| gdm©{YH$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&

48. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ .......... Ho$ Ûmam

grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo

(2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo

49. EH$ {dÚmWu JwUZ Ho$ gdmbm| H$mo hb H$aZm grIVm h¡& dh AnZo Omo‹S>

Ho$ nyd© kmZ H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ A{YJ‘ AÝVaU H$mo

³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?(1) YZmË‘H$ AÝVaU (2) j¡{VO AÝVaU

(3) D$Üd© AÝVaU (4) {Ûnmpíd©H$ AÝVaU

50. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm n[an³dVm H$mo A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡?(1) ¶h EH$ ñdm^m{dH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&

(2) ¶h Aä¶mg na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡&

(3) ¶h àoaH$m| na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡&

(4) ¶h OrdZ n¶©ÝV MbZo dmbr à{H«$¶m h¡&

51. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{YJ‘ H$mo àX{e©V H$aVm h¡?(1) hmW Omo‹S>H$a AÜ¶mnH$ H$m A{^dmXZ H$aZm

(2) ñdm{XîQ> ^moOZ XoIH$a ‘w±h ‘| bma H$m AmZm

(3) M‹T>Zm, ^mJZm Ed§ ’|$H$Zm, VrZ go nm±M df© H$s AdñWm ‘|

(4) BZ‘| go g^r

52. AÝVÑ©pîQ> AWm©V² gyP Ho$ Ûmam grIZo H$m {gÕmÝV J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$s XoZ h¡& ¶h {gÕmÝV {H$gHo$ {bE gdm©{YH$ Cn¶moJr

h¡?(1) ‘ÝX~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE (2) Vrd«~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE

(3) nmJbm| Ho$ {bE (4) AZn‹T>m| Ho$ {bE

53. A{YJ‘ H$m H$m¡Zgm {gÕmÝV nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| Ho$ EH$sH$aÊm

na Omoa XoVm h¡?(1) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV

(2) gå~ÝY-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV

(3) J¡ñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

54. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m J¶m-(1) J¡ñQ>mëQ> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam (2) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam

(3) nmdbm°d Ûmam (4) dmBJmoËñH$s Ûmam

55. ^yb Am¡a à¶mg Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {ZåZ ‘| go

{H$gZo {H$¶m Wm?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) h|JmQ>r Zo

(3) H$mohba Zo (4) {n¶mOo Zo

56. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{YJ‘ H$m AZw~{ÝYV

AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m?(1) nmdbm°d Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo

(3) bm°¶S> ‘m°J©Z Zo (4) Ebo³OoÊS>a Zo

57. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Ho$ AZwgma AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¡-(1) ~w{Õ

(2) g‘ñ¶m H$s aMZm

(3) àË¶jrH$aU

(4) C³V g^r

58. H$mohba Zo AnZm A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶moJ

{H$¶m-(1) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na

(2) Ab~Q>© Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na

(3) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ ~ÝXa na

(4) gwëVmZ Zm‘H$ {Mån¢Or na

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

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59. N>… dZ‘mZwf d Ho$bm| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm-(1) H$mohba Zo (2) {ñH$Za Zo

(3) JwS> Zo (4) S>o{dg Zo

60. gyP dmñV{dH$ pñW{V H$m AmH$pñ‘H$, {ZpíMV Am¡a VmËH$m{bH$ kmZ

h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) H$mohba H$m (2) pñH$Za H$m

(3) JwS> H$m (4) S>o{dg H$m

61. {H$gr AmJÝVwH$ Ho$ AmZo na XadmμOm ImobZo Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo Amn ³¶m

H$h§oJo?(1) {H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (2) Am°naoÝQ> ì¶dhma

(3) à{V{H«$¶mË‘H$ ì¶dhma (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

62. JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo n[apñW{V Ho$ ghr àË¶jrH$aU H$mo ³¶m H$hm h¡?(1) àmË¶{jH$ ñW¶© (2) àmË¶{jH$ gwajm

(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) àmË¶{jH$ gVH©$Vm

63. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wo-(1) {~«Q>oZ Ho$ (2) A‘o[aH$m Ho$

(3) ^maV Ho$ (4) ê$g Ho$

64. {ñH$Za Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ gå~ÝYr à¶moJ {H$g na {H$¶m Wm?(1) {~ëbr na (2) Myho na

(3) Hw$Îmo na (4) ~ÝXa na

65. Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo AÝ¶ {H$g Zm‘ go OmZm OmVm h¡?(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ

(3) àmMrZ AZw~ÝYZ (4) {H«$¶m-àgyV AZw~ÝYZ

66. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘| go AgË¶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) {ñH$Za-Myhm (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$-{~ëbr

(3) nmdbm°d-Hw$Îmm (4) H$mohba-H$~yVa

67. Eogo ì¶dhma, Omo kmV Ed§ {ZpíMV CÔrnH$m| Ûmam hmoVo h¢, CÝh| H$hVo h¢-(1) K{Q>V ì¶dhma (2) à{VH¥$V ì¶dhma

(3) àË¶j ì¶dhma (4) AàË¶j ì¶dhma

68. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| {~ëbr Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma ñdê$n Wm-(1) CbPZ ~m°³g (2) à¶moJH$Vm©

(3) ^moOZ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

69. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$g na {deof ~b Zht

{X¶m J¶m h¡?(1) àoaUm (2) Aä¶mg

(3) g‘P (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht

70. EH$ ~mbH$ Zo EH$ Hw$Îmo H$mo S>ÊS>o go ‘maH$a ^Jm {X¶m& A~ O~ ^r

Hw$Îmm ~mbH$ H$mo XoIVm h¡, Vmo VwaÝV mJ OmVm h¡& Hw$Îmo H$s ¶h grIZo

H$s {H«$¶m {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡?(1) AZwH$aU àd¥{Îm Ûmam grIZm

(2) gå~Õ ghO {H«$¶m Ûmam grIZm

(3) gyP Ûmam grIZm

(4) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ûmam grIZm

71. ì¶dhma ‘| CÎmamoÎma AZwHy$bZ H$s à{H«$¶m hr A{YJ‘ h¡& ¶h {H$gZo

H$hm?(1) dwS>dW© Zo (2) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo

(3) B©. E. nrb Zo (4) {ñH$Za Zo

72. ~mbH$m| ‘| A{YJ‘ gå~ÝYr ¶mo½¶mVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡-(1) AmË‘m{^ì¶p³V go

(2) aMZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmnm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go

(3) AmË‘ ‘§WZ go

(4) gh¶moJmË‘H$ H$m¶m] go

73. n¶©dojU A{YJ‘ BZ‘| go {H$gH$s XoZ h¡?(1) {ñH$Za (2) dmQ>gZ

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (4) d¡ÊSw>am

74. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g A{YJ‘ àUmbr ‘| ‘mZd ‘pñVîH$ H$m g~go

A{YH$ à¶moJ hmoVm h¡?(1) AZwH$aU (2) AZw~ÝYZ

(3) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (4) AÝVÑ©pîQ>

75. EH$ pñW{V ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ Xÿgar pñW{V Ho$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo

H$m ³¶m Zm‘ h¡?(1) à{ejU AÝVaU (2) gånmofU

(3) AZw~ÝYZ (4) AZwH$aU

76. Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo grIZo H$mo {H$Z XmoZm| Ho$ ~rM gmhM¶© ñWm{nV hmoZm ‘mZm

h¡?(1) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m (2) AZw{H«$¶m-AZw{H«$¶m

(3) 1 d 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘§o go H$moB© Zht

77. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H¡$go hmoVr h¡?(1) AmH${ñ‘H$ (2) Yrao-Yrao

(3) A{Z{íMV (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

78. ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ H$m àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¡?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ (2) {ñH$Za

(3) hb (4) nmdbm°d

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78.

(1) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (2) (3) (3) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (1) (1) (4)















79. A{YJ‘ H$m gåàofU hmoVm h¡, O~ g‘mZVm hmo-(1) grIZo dmbm| ‘| (2) qbJm| ‘|

(3) C‘« dJ© ‘| (4) H$m¶m] ‘|

80. A{YJ‘ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ZåZ ‘§o go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?(1) ì¶ñV {dÚmb¶ H$m¶©H«$‘ (2) A{YH$ nmR²>¶ nwñVH|$

(3) A{YJ‘ CËào[aV dmVmdaU (4) CËgwH$ ‘mVm-{nVm

81. S>rdr grIZo H$m AmYma {H$go ‘mZVo Wo?(1) {H«$¶mAm| H$mo (2) AmË‘m H$mo

(3) ~w{Õ H$mo (4) kmZopÝÐ¶m| H$mo

82. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$m‘ {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go nhbo {H$¶m

OmVm h¡?(1) CÔoí¶m| H$m {ZYm©aU (2) aUZr{V¶m| H$m M¶Z

(3) CÔoí¶ {bIZm (4) H$m¶© {díbofU

83. JoñQ>mëQ> ñHy$b Am’$ gmBH$mobm°Or Ho$ àUoVm h¢-(1) H$mohba (2) {ñH$Za

(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) dmQ>gZ

84. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm?(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo

(3) H$mobog{ZH$ Zo$ (4) {gångZ Zo

85. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m

OmVm h¡-(1) CÔrnZ " AZw{H«$¶m " nwZ~©bZ

(2) CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ " AZw{H«$¶m

(3) AZw{H«$¶m " CÔrnZ " nwZ~©bZ


86. A{YJ‘ H$m gmB‘Z-JoñQ>mëQ> {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m h¡-(1) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo Zo (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo

(3) dmQ>gZ Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

87. gw‘o{bV H$s{OE-

gyMr I gyMr II

A. ~w{Õ 1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> H$m gå~ÝY àmUr H$s

~w{Õ go hmoVm h¡&

B. AZw^d 2. ^yb ‘| à¶ËZ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡&

C. àË¶jrH$aU 3. g‘ñ¶m H$m nyU©ê$noU àË¶jrH$aU

D. à¶mg VWm Ìw{Q> 4. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ‘hÎdnyU©

^y{‘H$m

Hy$Q>- A B C D

(1) 3 1 2 4

(2) 2 4 1 3

(3) 4 1 2 3

(4) 1 4 3 2

88. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. CÔrnZ VWm nwZ~©bZ ñdVÝÌ Ma h¢&

2. AZw{H«$¶m EH$ Am{lV Ma h¡&

Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

89. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. H$mohba Zo AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ {H$E&

2. H$mohba Ho$ à¶moJm| Zo ¶h {gÕ H$a {X¶m {H$ new ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ> CËnÝZ

hmoZo go nyd© g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g^r A§Jmo| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ gå~ÝY ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡,

V^r dh CZH$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡&

Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘| H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/ h¢?

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

90. hb H$m nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m Wm?(1) df© 1915 ‘| (2) df© 1916 ‘|

(3) df© 1917 ‘| (4) df© 1918 ‘|

91. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©H$ ‘w»¶ ê$n go O‘©Zr Ho$ JoñQ>mëddmXr

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢&

2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {dMmaYmam Ho$ d¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dMma h¡ {H$

ì¶p³V à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb Ûmam Zht grIVm&


(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

92. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam grIZo ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à¶mg {H$¶m

OmVm h¡&

2. AÝVÑ©pîQ> Ûmam A{YJ‘ H$s {d{Y Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ A{V[a³V new r grI

gH$Vo h¢&


(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92.

(3) (3) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (1)






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93. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma {Og H$m¶© H$mo H$aZo go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVmof {‘bVm

h¡, Cgo dh ~ma-~ma H$aVm h¡&

2. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ AZwgma O~ EH$ pñW{V Am¡a AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘Ü¶ EH$

n[adV©Zr¶ g§¶moJ ~ZVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr ¶m CgHo$ n[aUm‘ñdê$n

gÝVmofOZH$ AdñWm n¡Xm hmoVr h¡, Vmo Cg g§¶moJ H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmVr

h¡&


(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

94. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV ¶mpÝÌH$sH$aU na ~b XoVm h¡&

2. àm¡‹T> VWm n[an³d ‘Zwî¶ na Bg {gÕmÝV H$m à^md Zht n‹S>Vm&

Cnamo³V H$WZm| ‘§o H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ ghr h¡/h¢?

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

95. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. AZw~ÝYZ AZw{H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao ñd^md ~Z OmVr h¡& ñd^md H$m OrdZ

‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡&

2. AZw~ÝYZ-AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go ~mbH$m§o ‘| AÀN>r

A{^d¥{Îm¶m± {dH${gV H$s Om gH$Vr h¢&


(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

96. grIZo ¶m A{YJ‘ eãX ‘| dmVmdaU gå~ÝYr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V©

Ho$ {bE ì¶dhma ‘| hmoZo dmbo g^r àH$ma Ho$ n[adV©Z g{å‘{bV h¢&

Cnamo³V H$WZ {H$ggo gå~pÝYV h¡?(1) qH$½gbo Ed§ J¡ar go (2) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© go

(3) dmQ>gZ go (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

97. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ nwZ~©bZ {gÕmÝV H$s {ejm ‘|

Cn¶moJ Ho$ AmVm h¡?(1) Bg {gÕmÝV ‘| Bg ~mV na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mAm| ‘|

~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| na Ü¶mZ {X¶m OmE&

(2) g’$bVm àmßV H$aZo na ~mbH$m| H$mo nwañH$ma {X¶m OmE&

(3) H$jm ‘| n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr dñVw Ho$ CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hm|&

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

98. grIZm H$s n[a^mfm g~go AÀN>r ............ Ho$ AW© ‘| Xr OmVr h¡&(1) ì¶dhma n[adV©Z (2) ì¶dhma n[adO©Z

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

99. {ZåZ H$WZm| ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{YJ‘ H$m gyÌ Zht h¡?(1) gab go H${R>Z H$s Amoa

(2) {d{eîQ> go gm‘mÝ¶ H$s Amoa

(3) ‘yV© go A‘yV© H$s Amoa

(4) kmV go AkmV H$s Amoa

100. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| nmE OmZo dmbr A{YJ‘ e¡{b¶m| ‘| {^ÝZVm H$m H$maU

hmo gH$Vm h¡-(1) {dÚmWu Ho$ g‘mOrH$aU H$s à{H«$¶m

(2) {dÚmWu Ûmam AnZmB© OmZo dmbr {MÝVZ H$s ¶wp³V¶m±

(3) n[adma H$m Am{W©H$ ñVa

(4) ~mbH$ H$m nmbZ-nmofU

101. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm nmdbm°{d¶Z AZw~ÝYZ ‘| Amdí¶H$ Zht

h¡?(1) à~bZ (2) gm‘rß¶

(3) AmZwf§{JH$Vm (4) CËg{O©V AZw{H«$¶m

102. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ^mfm H$s Adm{ßV hmoVr h¡-(1) AZwH$aU Ûmam

(2) g§kmZmË‘H$ à{V{Z{YËd Ûmam

(3) CÔrnH$-AZw{H«$¶m à{V‘mZ Ûmam

(4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ Ûmam

103. H$moB© ^r àm¶mo{JH$ g§{H«$¶m, {Oggo {H$gr à{V{H«$¶m Ho$ K{Q>V hmoZo H$s

gå^mì¶Vm ~‹T> OmVr h¡, H$mo ............ H$hVo h¢&(1) à~bZ (2) g§Ho$V

(3) Amdí¶H$Vm (4) àUmoXZ

104. CZ CÔrnZ Ho$ à{V, Omo AZw~pÝYV CÔrnZm| Ho$ g‘ê$n hmoVo h¢, {H$ÝVw

H$^r CZHo$ gmW ¶wp½‘V Zht hþE, AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m XoZo H$s àd¥{Îm

H$mo ........... H$hVo h¢&(1) {dôXZ (2) AZw{H«$¶m gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU

(3) CÔrnZ gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU (4) {d{H$aU

105. d¡ÊSw>am Ho$ àojUmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm

EH$ KQ>H$ Zht h¢?(1) ñWmZmnÝZ nwZ~©bZ (2) à{V‘mZ

(3) g§H$oV (4) àbmo^H$

106. {H«$¶m àgyV A{YJ‘ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AYmoàXÎm ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ ~o‘ob

nX h¡?(1) {dñVmaU (2) g§M{¶V à{VdV©

(3) nwZ~©bZ AZwgyMr (4) àVrH$ {‘Vì¶{¶Vm

93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.

(3) (3) (3) (2) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1)















107. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Z {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ ‘yb ‘ÝVì¶ H$m

dU©Z H$aVm h¡?(1) Cn¶w³V n[a{ñW{V¶m| ‘| H$moB© àmUr H$moB© ^r AZw{H«$¶m H$aZm grI

gH$Vm h¡&

(2) àmUr CZ AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo {ZJ©V H$aZm grI boVo h¢, Omo CZHo$ {b¶o

A{YH$V‘ bm^H$maH$ hmo&

(3) ì¶dhmam| H$m ê$nm§H$Z CZHo$ AnZo n[aUm‘m| Ûmam hmoVm h¡&

(4) ì¶{³V Ho$db V^r grIVo h¢, O~ do grIZm MmhVo h¢&

108. {ñH$Za Ûmam à{Vnm{XV AZw~ÝYZ H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) Q>mB©n-Eg AZw~ÝYZ (2) Q>mB©n-Ama AZw~ÝYZ

(3) Q>mB©n-~r AZw~ÝYZ (4) Q>mB©n-E AZw~ÝYZ

109. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶o JE à¶moJm| ‘| nhobr ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ H$m’$s

{H$¶m J¶m Wm& {Og ~m°³g H$m Cn¶moJ grIZo Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| H$m’$s

{H$¶m J¶m h¡, dh h¡-(1) H$~yVa ~m°³g (2) {ñH$Za ~m°³g

(3) Ho$ba ~m°³g (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht

110. hb Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {gÕmÝV {Z‘m©U H$s {d{Y H$mo ³¶m H$hm OmVm h¡?(1) H$mën{ZH$ {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y

(2) H$mën{ZH$ AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {d{Y

(3) Vm{H©$H$ {d{Y

(4) {M• grIZm {d{Y

111. hb Ho$ Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| SHR H$mo ‘O~yV H$aZo

Ho$ {bE Oê$aV n‹S>Vr h¡-(1) nwZ~©bZ H$s (2) AÝVZm}X H$s

(3) àmoËgmhZ H$s (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$s ^r Zht

112. hb Ûmam à{Vnm{XV grIZo Ho$ {gÕmÝV, {OZH$m CÝhm|Zo 1952 B©. ‘|

g§§emoYZ {H$¶m Wm, ‘|-(1) Hw$b 17 A[^J¥hrV VWm 15 Cnà‘o¶ h¢&

(2) Hw$b 15 A{^J¥hrV VWm 17 Cnà‘o¶ h¢&

(3) Hw$b 17 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢&

(4) Hw$b 15 A{^J¥hrV Ed§ 133 Cnà‘o¶ h¢&

113. grIZo Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {gÕmÝV H$m à{VnmXZ {H$¶m J¶m Wm-(1) H$mohba Ûmam (2) Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam

(3) dXu‘a Ûmam (4) BZ‘| go {H$gr Ho$ Ûmam ^r Zht

114. empãXH$ grIZo Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$gH$m Cn¶moJ Zht

{H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) ^moOZ Ed§ nmZr H$m d§MZ (2) XÊS>

(3) R>mog nwañH$ma (4) S>a

115. ^yb^wb¡¶m ‘| Myhm| na Q>m°b‘¡Z Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o à¶moJ H$m CÔoí¶ AÜ¶¶Z

H$aZm Wm-(1) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m

(2) à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> A{YJ‘ H$m

(3) Aì¶³V A{YJ‘ H$m

(4) ³bm{gH$s AZw~ÝYZ A{YJ‘ H$m

116. {Og {ejU-dH«$ ‘| Aä¶mg VWm grIZo H$s ‘mÌm Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY

~Vbm¶m OmVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) CËnmXZ dH«$ (2) H$mb dH«$

(3) Ìw{Q> dH«$ (4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$

117. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU H$s J{V àmaå^ ‘| Vrd«

hmoVr h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝX hmo OmVr h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) g‘mZ-{ZînmXZ dH«$

(2) dÕ©‘mZ {ZînmXZ dH«$

(3) õmg-{ZînmXZ dH«$

(4) Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ZînmXZ dH«$

118. {Og {ejU-dH«$ go ¶h nVm Mbo {H$ {ejU J{V àmaå^ Ho$ à¶mgm|

‘§o Yr‘r h¡, naÝVw ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| ~‹T> ahr h¡, Vmo Bg Vah Ho$ dH«$

H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) CËnmXZ dH«$

(2) Eg-AmH$mar¶ dH«$

(3) dÕ©‘mZ {ZînmXZ dH«$

(4) õmg {ZînmXZ dH«$

119. {ejU-dH«$ Ho$ {Og mJ go ¶h nVm MbVm h¡ {H$ Aä¶mg XoZo Ho$ ~mX

^r {ejU J{V ‘| n[adV©Z Zht hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) nR>ma (2) ‘Ü¶ ñ’w$aU

(3) A{ÝV‘ ñ’w$aU (4) àma{å^H$ ñ’w$aU

120. {Og grIZo ‘| eara Ho$ {H«$¶mË‘H$ A§Jm| H$s ^y{‘H$m g§doXr A§Jm| go

VwbZmË‘H$ ê$n go A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) empãXH$ grIZm

(2) JË¶mË‘H$ grIZm

(3) g§doXr-JË¶mË‘H$ grIZm

(4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht

121. H$mohba Ho$ ~m°³g gå~ÝYr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à¶moJ ‘| dZ‘mZwf Ho$bo H$mo

Bg{bE àmßV H$a boVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) dh ~m°³g na M‹T> J¶m Wm&

(2) Cg‘| gyP {dH${gV hmo J¶r Wr&

(3) dh ^yIm Wm&

(4) dh Ho$bo H$mo H$m’$s ngÝX H$aVm Wm&

107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121.

(2) (2) (2) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (4) (3) (3) (1) (3) (2)













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122. {ejmWu Omo nhbo grI MwHo$ h¢, CgH$s nwZamd¥{Îm Am¡a àË¶mñ‘aU ‘|

{ejm{W©¶m| H$s ‘XX H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$-(1) ZB© OmZH$mar H$mo nyd© OmZH$mar go Omo‹S>Zm grIZo H$mo g‘¥Õ ~ZmVm h¡&

(2) nyd© nmR>m| H$mo XmohamZo H$m ¶h EH$ à^mdr VarH$m h¡&

(3) ¶h {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo ~‹T>mVm h¡, {Oggo grIZm gwÑ‹T> hmoVm h¡&

(4) ¶h {H$gr ^r H$jmZwXoeZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gw{dYmOZH$ ewê$AmV h¡&

123. gyP {gÕmÝV Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶ h¡?(1) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo H$s {H«$¶m Yrao-Yrao hmoVr h¡&

(2) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE Aä¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr

h¡&

(3) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo ‘| JV AZw^d ‘hÎdnyU© Zht hmoVm h¡&

(4) Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma grIZo Ho$ {bE nwZ~©bZ Amdí¶H$ h¡&

124. AZw^dOÝ¶ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$s e¡{jH$ Cn¶mo{JVm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘|

go H$m¡Zgr hmo gH$Vr h¡?(1) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ grIZm g^r Vah go EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© Am¡a

bú¶moÝ‘wI à{H«$¶m h¡&

(2) ¶h {gÕmÝV ~VmVm h¡ {H$ O~ Hw$N> n‹T>m¶m OmE AWdm Hw$N> grIZo Ho$

{bE H$hm OmE, Vmo Cgo AnZo g‘J« ê$n ‘| hr ~ÀMm| Ho$ gm‘Zo àñVwV

{H$¶m OmE&

(3) N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo dm§{N>V ñdê$n VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZo ‘| ¶h

{gÕmÝV {ejH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&

(4) Bg {gÕmÝV H$s ghm¶Vm go N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ òmoVm| Ed§ g§gmYZm|

H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

125. AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶{X CS VWm UCS Ho$ ~rM

H$m g‘¶ H$m’$s bå~m hmo, Vmo ³¶m hmoJm?(1) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V H$‘Omoa hmo OmEJr&

(2) AZw~pÝYV AZw{H«$¶m H$s e{³V ~‹T> OmEJr&

(3) àmUr CS H$s nhMmZ R>rH$ T>§J go Zht H$a nmEJm&

(4) àmUr CS VWm UCS ‘§o ñnîQ> AÝVa Zht H$a nmEJm&

126. ‘mZd grIZm ‘| àe§gm VWm ’$Q>H$ma Ho$ VwbZmË‘H$ AÜ¶¶Zm| go Hw$N>

VÏ¶ gm‘Zo Am¶o h¢& BZ‘| go {H$go g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm J¶m h¡?(1) àe§gm go {ZînmXZ ‘| d¥{Õ hmoVr h¡&

(2) ’$Q>H$ma go {ZînmXZ ‘| õmg hmoVm h¡&

(3) àe§gm VWm ’$Q>H$ma Ho$ n‹S>Zo dmbo à^md àË¶j Z hmoH$a BZ A{^àoaH$m|

H$mo àXmZ H$aZo dmbo VWm àmßV H$aZo dmbo ì¶{³V Ho$ Amngr gå~ÝY

na {Z^©a H$aVo h¡&

(4) BZ‘| go {H$gr H$mo ^r g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Zht ‘mZm J¶m h¡

127. amOy IaJmoe go S>aVm Wm& ewê$ ‘| IaJmoe H$mo amOy go H$m’$s Xÿa aIm

J¶m& AmZo dmbo {XZm| ‘o ha amoO IaJmoe Am¡a amOy Ho$ ~rM H$s Xÿar

H$‘ H$a Xr JB©& AÝV ‘| amOy H$s JmoX ‘| IaJmoe H$mo aIm J¶m Am¡a

amOy IaJmoe go IobZo bJm& ¶h à¶moJ CXmhaU h¡-(1) à¶ËZ Ed§ Ìw{Q> {gÕmÝV H$m

(2) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m

(3) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m

(4) BZ‘| go g^r

128. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. ‘mZd A{YJ‘ VWm à{ejU ‘| g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ {gÕmÝV H$m Cn¶moJ

à^mdembr T>§J go {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ go N>mÌm|

‘| Ano{jV ì¶dhma n[adV©Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

2. g{H«$¶ AZw~ÝYZ Ho$ AmYma na {ñH$Za Zo à{ejU à{V‘mZ H$m {dH$mg

{H$¶m h¡, {OgH$m ‘w»¶ bú¶ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z h¡&


(1) Ho$db 1

(2) H$dob 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2

(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

129. H$WZ (A) YZmË‘H$ CÔrnZ àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$

n[aUm‘ñdê$n A{YJ‘ AZw{H«$¶m A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| àH$Q> hmoVr h¡&H$maU (B) {ñH$Za Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| AZw{H«$¶m CÔrnZ Ho$ gå~ÝY H$mo ‘hÎd

Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡&

Hy$Q>-

(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¡&

(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| JbV h¡§&

(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&

(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&

130. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. hb Ho$ AZwgma àUmoXZ ep³V, àUmoXZ H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡, V~ AZoH$

àH$ma Ho$ CÔrnH$ CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢&

2. CÔrnZ ì¶p³V H$mo CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&


(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2 (4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

131. {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. hb Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝV H$m AmYma nwZ~©bZ h¡&

2. hb Zo Bg {dMma H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE {ZJ‘Z àUmbr H$m à¶moJ Zht {H$¶m&


(1) Ho$db 1

(2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Am¡a 2

(4) Z Vmo 1 Am¡a Z hr 2

122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131.

(1) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (3) (3) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ

níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr

OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶


www.praganya.org

















132. H$WZ (A) hb Zo Myhm| na à¶moJ {H$E&H$maU (R) hb Ho$ AZwgma CÔrnZ VWm AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘Ü¶ gå~ÝY àUmoXZ

Am¡a nwañH$ma na {Z^©a h¡&

Hy$Q>-

(1) A Am¡a R XmoZm| ghr h¡§&

(2) A Am¡a R XmoZm| JbV h¢&

(3) A ghr h¡, {H$ÝVw R JbV h¡&

(4) A JbV h¡, {H$ÝVw R ghr h¡&

133. nm±M df© H$m amOy AnZr {I‹S>H$s Ho$ ~mha Vy’$mZ H$mo XoIVm h¡& {~Obr

M‘H$Vr h¡ Am¡a H$‹S>H$Zo H$s AmdmO AmVr h¡& amOy emoa gwZH$a

CN>bVm h¡& ~ma-~ma ¶h KQ>Zm hmoVr h¡& {’$a Hw$N> Xoa empÝV Ho$

níMmV² {~Obr H$‹S>H$Vr h¡& amOy {~Obr H$s JO©Zm gwZH$a CN>bVm h¡&

amOy H$m CN>bZm grIZo Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV H$m CXmhaU h¡?(1) emñÌr¶ AZw~ÝYZ (2) {H«$¶m àgyV AZw~ÝYZ

(3) à¶ËZ Ed§ ^yb (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

134. EH$ H$m°boO OmZo dmbr b‹S>H$s Zo ’$e© na H$moQ> ’|$H$Zo H$s AmXV S>mb

br h¡& b‹S>H$s H$s ‘m± Zo Cggo H$hm {H$ H$‘ao go ~mha OmAmo Am¡a H$moQ>

H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±Jmo& b‹S>H$s AJbr ~ma Ka ‘| àdoe H$aVr h¡, H$moQ> H$mo

hmW na aIH$a Ab‘mar H$s Va’$ Om H$a H$moQ> H$mo Iy±Q>r na Q>m±J XoVr

h¡& ¶h CXmhaU h¡-(1) ûm¥§IbmJV A{YJ‘ H$m

(2) CÔrnZ-AZw{H«$¶m A{YJ‘ H$m

(3) àË¶¶ A{YJ‘ H$m

(4) BZ‘| go g^r

135. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go Eg-AmH$mar¶ {ejU-dH«$ H$s {deofVm H$hm

OmEJm?(1) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘| Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘§o

‘ÝXVm

(2) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘§o {ejU J{V ‘| ‘ÝXVm Am¡a {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘|

Vrd«Vm

(3) àma{å^H$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V ‘§o ‘ÝXVm, {’$a ~mX Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘|

Vrd«Vm Am¡a {’$a ApÝV‘ Hw$N> à¶mgm| ‘| ‘ÝXVm

(4) àmaå^ go AÝV VH$ Ho$ à¶mgm| ‘| {ejU J{V bJ^J g‘mZ hmoZm

*******

132. 133. 134. 135.

(1) (1) (1) (3)


aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm

Ho$ ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo

H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535




àJÊ¶ àH$meZ Ûmam CTET Ed§ àË¶oH$ amÁ¶ Ho$ TET (UPTET, MP Samvida, BTET, UTET, JTET, HTET, CGTET,

HPTET) Ho$ {bE ‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àH$m{eV H$s OmVr h¡&

‘m°S>b nona H$s ’«$s PDF àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp

No. AnZo H$m°boO Ho$ ³bmg J«wn ¶m H$moqMJ Ho$ ³bmg Jw«n ¶m AÝ¶ ñQ>S>r

Jw«n ‘| Om|S>o& AmnHo$ J«wn ‘| ‘m°S>b nona ôoO {XE OmE±J|&




àJÊ¶ ~mbH$m| ‘o§ {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 109



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AÜ¶m¶ 7

~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘

7.1 àñVmdZmA{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| Zo gX¡d {dkmZ {ejU-A{YJ‘ H$mo à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡&

{ejU gm‘J«r H$m {dH$mg Ed§ à¶moJ ^r A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| go à^m{dV hþE h¢&

ES>Joa S>ob Ûmam {dH${gV AZw^d e§Hw$ BZ à¶mgm| H$m ÚmoVH$ h¡&

{ÛVr¶ ‘hm¶wÕ Ho$ níMmV² VWm A³Qy>~a 1957 ‘| ê$g Ho$ àW‘

ñnyV{ZH$ Ho$ níMmV² {dkmZ {ejU ‘| A{YJ‘ ‘Zmo{dkmZ na A{YH$ ~b {X¶m

OmZo bJm& Bg à{d{Y ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| VWm {ejm{dXm| Zo ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma

{MÝVZ H$aVo h¢ VWm {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢? H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m VWm

¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m {H$ gåàË¶¶ {dH$mg Amdí¶H$ h¢, {Og‘| N>mÌ Ho$ÝÐ-{~ÝXþ

h¡& àmo. ~r. E’$. pñH$Za, àmo. OrZ {n¶mOo, àmo. Om°Z S>rdr VWm àmo. Amgw~ob

H$m ¶moJXmZ gamhZr¶ h¡&

7.2 ~mbH$ {H$g àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aVo h¢?^JdmZ Zo ‘Zwî¶ H$mo Omo ~hþV go daXmZ {X¶o h¢, CZ‘| {MÝVZ-à{H«$¶m H$m

‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ‘Zwî¶ AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| go

loîR> h¡& AÝ¶ àm{U¶m| H$s Anojm, ‘mZd-OrdZ A{YH$ JhZ h¡& Bg {MÝVZ

à{H«$¶m Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ~Zm¶o aI gH$Vm

h¡ Am¡a AnZo OrdZ Ho$ CÔoí¶m| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vm h¡& {dÛmZm| H$m H$WZ h¡

{H$ {MÝVZ, gmoMZo H$s EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ H$maU àmaå^

hmoVr h¡ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ VH$ ~am~a MbVr ahVr h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$m {MÝVZ

{OVZm g‘w{MV hmoJm, CVZm CgH$m ì¶dhma ^r g‘w{MV hmoJm Am¡a dh OrdZ

‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aoJm& Bg{bE ¶h {ZVmÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ Ho$

{d{^ÝZ {df¶m| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ~mbH$-~m{bH$mAm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg

{H$¶m OmE&

7.2.1 {MÝVZ H$m AW©X¡{ZH$ ~mobMmb H$s ^mfm ‘| {MÝVZ H$m AW© gmoMZo, g‘PZo, H$ënZm H$aZo,

{dMma-{d‘e© H$aZo Am{X go {b¶m OmVm h¡, naÝVw ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$

BVZo AñnîQ> ê$n go H$m‘ Zht Mb gH$Vm& {MÝVZ EH$ O{Q>b ‘mZ{gH$

à{H«$¶m h¡, CgH$mo grIZo, ñ‘aU, H$ënZm Am{X go AbJ H$aZm H${R>Z h¡&

S´>oda Zo {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Z H$s {H«$¶m H$hm h¡& CgZo$ {MÝVZ Am¡a {dMma

‘| AÝVa H$aVo hwE H$hm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, O~{H$ {dMma,

‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ g‘¶, ‘Z H$s {df¶-dñVw h¡& AVEd {MÝVZ go VmËn¶©

h¡ ‘Z Ho$ gm‘Zo àË¶¶m| H$m AmZm-OmZm, naÝVw {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg Am¡a

dmñV{dH$ {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa h¡& {XdmñdßZ ¶m ‘Zmo{dbmg ‘o§ àË¶¶ AñWm¶r

¶m j{UH$ hmoVo h¢& {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘Z, EH$ {deof

à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE àË¶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVm h¡& Bgo h‘ EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam

ñnîQ> H$aVo h¢-

draoída AnZo n[adma Ho$ gmW Jwê$ e§H$amMm¶© H$m àdMZ gwZZo OmVo

h¢& do AnZr H$moR>r Ho$ Cg H$‘ao ‘| Vmbm bJmH$a OmVo h¢, Omo ~mha Ho$ ~am‘Xo

‘| IwbVm h¡& nrN>o go g‘mMma nÌ dmbm AmVm h¡ Am¡a ~am‘Xo ‘§o g‘mMma-nÌ

S>mbH$a ’$mQ>H$ ~ÝX H$aHo$ Mbm OmVm h¡& dmng bm¡Q>Vo g‘¶, g‘mMma-nÌ

XoZo dmbm ‘mJ© ‘| CÝh| {‘b OmVm h¡ Am¡a ~VmVm h¡ {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ VWm

amîQ´>-Y‘© Zm‘H$ n{ÌH$m ~am‘Xo ‘| S>mb Am¶m h¡& AnZr H$moR>r ‘| nhþ±MZo na,

do XoIVo h¢ {H$ ~am‘Xo ‘| Z Vmo g‘mMma-nÌ h¡ Am¡a Z hr amîQ´>-Y‘©& A~ EH$

g‘ñ¶m I‹S>r hmo OmVr h¡- Am{Ia g‘mMma-nÌ H$mo H$m¡Z bo J¶m? nhbo Vmo

H$^r Eogm hþAm Zht Wm& g‘ñ¶m H$m CnpñWV hmo OmZm {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$s

àW‘mdñWm h¡&

A~ draoída nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Vm h¡ {H$ H$ht CÝhm|Zo g‘mMma-nÌ

Vmo Zht XoIm Cg {XZ a{ddma Wm Am¡a nmg-n‹S>mog dmbo Ka na hr Wo& ¶h

‘mby‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE nmg-n‹S>mog go nyN>Zm {H$ g‘mMma-nÌ H$m¡Z bo J¶m?

¶h {MÝVZ H$s {ÛVr¶mdñWm h¡&

BgH$o ~mX dh {nN>bo AZw^dm| H$m Ü¶mZ H$aZo bJVm h¡& dh gmoMZo

bJVm h¡ {H$ AmOH$b J‘u H$s Nw>[Å¶m± h¢& ñHy$bm| Ho$ ~‹S>o-~‹S>o b‹S>Ho$ Kam| ‘|

KwgH$a ’$b Vmo‹S>m H$aVo h¢& H$ht ¶h CZH$m H$m‘ Vmo Zht? CZH$m n‹S>mogr

CZgo A³ga g‘mMma-nÌ ‘m±Jm H$aVm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ dh g‘mMma-nÌ

‘m±JZo Am¶m hmo Am¡a CÝh| ~am‘Xo ‘| XoIH$a, CÝh| CR>mH$a bo J¶m hmo& ¶h

{MÝVZ H$s V¥Vr¶mdñWm h¡&

VËníMmV² dh AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na EH$ AZw^d MwZ

boVm h¡& AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na draoída H$m ¶h {ZpíMV ‘Z

hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ hmo Z hmo g‘mMma-nÌ H$s ¶h Mmoar CgHo$ n‹S>mogr Zo H$s h¡&

A~ CgH$s g‘ñV MoîQ>mE± Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ AZwgma hmoVr h¢& ¶h {MÝVZ H$s

MVwWm©dñWm h¡&

Cn¶w©³V CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ EH$ g{H«$¶

à{H«$¶m h¡ Am¡a Bg‘| ‘Z EH$ {deof à¶moOZ Ho$ {bE àË¶¶m| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV

H$aVm h¡&

Bg bå~o CXmhaU go ¶h ñnîQ> hmo J¶m hmoJm {H$ {MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m go

àmaå^ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ go g‘má hmoVm h¡& O~ VH$ gwbPmd Z

{ZH$bo ¶m O~ VH$ ì¶p³V g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZo Ho$ à¶ËZ ‘| WH$ Z OmE, V~

VH$ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m MbVr ahVr h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m Ho$ A^md ‘| {MÝVZ

Zht hmo gH$Vm& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ OrdZ ‘| g‘ñ¶mE± ~am~a Am¶m H$aVr h¢ Am¡a CgH$mo

{MÝVZ Ûmam CZH$m g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbZm n‹S>Vm h¡&











n¥îR> 110 ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJÊ¶




7.2.2 {MÝVZ H$s n[a^mfmE±{MÝVZ ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {bE {d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo BgH$mo H$B© àH$ma go n[a^m{fV

{H$¶m h¡& ZrMo Hw$N> n[a^mfmE± Xr Om ahr h¢-

1. S>rdr Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ g{H«$¶, g§b½ZnyU© Ed§ gmdYmZrnyU© {dMma H$aVm h¡& ¶h {H$gr {dídmg

¶m AZw‘m{ZV kmZ ¶m CgHo$ AmYmam| VWm àH$me ‘| {H$Ýht {ZîH$fm] na nhþ±MVm h¡&

2. am°g Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ g§kmZmË‘H$ gÝX^© ‘| EH$ ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡&

3. H$mbog{ZH$ Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ àË¶¶m| H$m nwZgªJR>Z h¡&

4. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE CËnÝZ AmXem©Ë‘H$

g‘ñ¶m h¡, Omo àH¥${V ‘| àVrH$mË‘H$ h¡ VWm ì¶p³V H$mo g{H«$¶ ~ZmVr h¡, {Oggo

à^m{dV hmoH$a Hw$N> gr‘m VH$ à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> go dh àVrH$mË‘H$ àH$ma H$s àË¶¶mË‘H$

à{H«$¶m H$aVm h¡&

5. Pm Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ EH$ {H«$¶merb à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| ‘pñVîH$ {dMmam| H$s J{V H$m {Z¶ÝÌU

VWm {Z¶‘Z gmoÔoí¶ ê$n go H$aVm h¡&

6. pñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma

g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ go VmËn¶© h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {ZU©¶ ¶m CgHo$ nyd©H$WZ Z¶o,

‘m¡{bH$, CX²^yV VWm d¡¶p³VH$ h¢& g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVH$ dh hmoVm h¡, Omo Z¶o joÌ

ImoOVm h¡, Z¶o {ZarjU H$aVm h¡, Z¶o nyd©H$WZ H$aVm h¡ VWm Z¶o {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVm

h¡&

7. doboÝQ>mBZ Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ eãX H$m à¶moJ Cg {H«$¶m Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| ûm¥§Ibm~Õ {dMma

{H$gr bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ H$s Amoa A{dam‘ J{V go àdm{hV hmoVo h¢&

8. ao~Z© Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ, BÀN>m-gå~ÝYr à{H««$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr AgÝVmof Ho$ H$maU àmaå^ hmoVr h¡

Am¡a à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ AmYma na MbVr hþB© Cg ApÝV‘ pñWV na nhþ±M OmVr h¡,

Omo BÀN>m H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVr h¡&

9. Hw«$O Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ EH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo OrdZ H$s {H$gr AÝ¶ à{H«$¶m H$s ^m±{V

MbVr ahVr h¡&

10. Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS©> Ho$ AZwgma

{MÝVZ àVrH$mËåH$ ì¶dhma h¡, Omo g^r àH$ma Ho$ à{VñWmnZ go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢&

BZ n[a^mfmAm| Ho$ AmYma na h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ {MÝVZ dh

‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {OgHo$ Ûmam ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|

na {dMma H$aHo$ Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ VbmeVm h¡& gab eãXm|, {H$gr

^r g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$aZo hoVw {dMma H$aZo dmbr ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m H$mo hr

{MÝVZ H$hVo h¢&

7.2.3 {MÝVZ H$s {deofVmE±1. {MÝVZ ‘| ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶m {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&

2. {MÝVZ H$m H$moB© EH$ ‘mÜ¶‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶h ‘mÜ¶‘ ^mfm ¶m

àVrH$mË‘H$ ì¶dhma hmo gH$Vo h¢&

3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr-Z-{H$gr àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ VH$ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m Zht hmoJr, {MÝVZ ^r Zht

hmoJm&

4. {MÝVZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> Ho$ VÎd {Z{hV ahVo h¢&

5. {MÝVZ ñWyb go gyú‘ H$s Amoa MbVm h¡&6. {MÝVZ ‘| {díbofU VWm g§íbofU H$s ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m ahVr h¡&7. {MÝVZ ‘| àË¶jrH$aU Z hmoH$a à‘wI ê$n go {dMma VWm àVrH$

hmoVo h¢&8. {MÝVZ AË¶ÝV hr O{Q>b à[H«$¶m h¡, {H$ÝVw Bg‘| g§kmZmË‘H$ nj

H$m AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&

7.2.4 {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma

1. àË¶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ

àË¶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY h‘mar kmZopÝÐ¶m| go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m

{MÝVZ A{YH$Va newAm| ¶m ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡& kmZopÝÐ¶m| go gå~pÝYV

kmZ H$mo hr àË¶j kmZ H$hm OmVm h¡& AmewVmof Xg df© H$m ~mbH$ h¡& dh

Hw$Îmm| H$mo XoIVo hr nËWa ‘maZo bJVm h¡& A~ O~ ^r Amgnmg Ho$ Kam| Ho$ Hw$Îmo

Cgo XoIVo h¢, Vmo S>aH$a ^mJZo bJVo h¢& AnZo {nN>bo AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na

Hw$Îmo gmoMVo h¢ {H$ AmewVmof CÝh| nËWa ‘maZo Am ahm h¡&

Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Z Vmo dñVwAm| Ho$ JwUm| Am¡a Zm‘m| H$mo OmZZo

H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Z hr Cg‘o§ H$ënZmAm| ¶m àË¶¶m| H$m H$moB© ñWmZ

hmoVm h¡&

2. H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ

Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| àË¶oH$ dñVw H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, naÝVw Bg H$‘r

H$s ny{V© H$ënZm Ûmam H$a br OmVr h¡& D$na d{U©V àË¶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m

gå~ÝY dV©‘mZ go ahVm h¡, naÝVw H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^{dî¶ go gå~pÝYV

hmoVm h¡& Bg‘| ñ‘¥{V H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡& H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘|, ñ‘¥{V

Ho$ AmYma na VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$s n¥îR>^y{‘ ‘| ì¶p³V ¶m dñVw go gå~pÝYV

‘mZ{gH$ à{V‘mAm| H$m àmXþ^m©d hmoVm h¡& H${dVm Ho$ {nVmOr gmo‘ZmW J¶o Wo,

Vmo CgHo$ {bE ‘mbm bmE Wo& A~ O~ ^r do Xÿgao ZJa OmVo h¢, Vmo H${dVm ZB©

‘mbm H$s H$ënZm H$aZo bJVr h¡& CgHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| Xmo ‘mZg à{V‘mE± CâVr

h¡- EH$ CgHo$ {nVmOr H$s Am¡a Xÿgar ‘mbm H$s&

3. àË¶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ

àË¶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$m AmYma àË¶¶ hmoVo h¢& àË¶¶m| H$mo gyú‘ {dMma H$hm Om

gH$Vm h¡& àË¶¶ ^mfm Ho$ gmW-gmW MbVo h¢& eãX Am¡a àË¶¶ H$mo AbJ-






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AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& EH$ O¡go nXmWm] Am¡a CZHo$ JwUm| H$m kmZ, {OZ

{deof eãXm| go hmoVm h¡, CÝh| àË¶¶ H$hVo h¢& O~ ~mbH$ {~ëbr eãX H$m

CÀMmaU H$aVo h¢, Vmo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© {deof {~ëbr Z hmoH$a g‘ñV

{~ëbr Om{V VWm CgHo$ JwU hmoVo h¢&

àË¶¶ Xmo àH$ma Ho$ hmoVo h¢- EH$ Vmo do àË¶¶ {OZH$m gå~ÝY ì¶p³V

H$s kmZopÝÐ¶m| go h¡, O¡go- {~ëbr, Jm¶, ‘Zwî¶, ‘moa, VmoVm Am{X& Xÿgao

àH$ma Ho$ àË¶¶m| H$m gå~ÝY JwUm| go hmoVm h¡, O¡go- X¶m, Ý¶m¶, gÀMmB©,

H$R>moaVm Am{X&

4. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ

¶h gdm}ÀM àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| H$moB© ì¶p³V

{d{^ÝZ {dMmam| H$m à¶moJ {H$gr {d{eîQ> bú¶ H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIH$a H$aVm h¡&

‘Zwî¶ Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ Xÿgar dñVw ¶m KQ>Zm Ho$ ‘Ü¶ gå~ÝY

ñWm{nV H$aZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡&

5. {ZX}{eV {MÝVZ

{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ go A{^àm¶ ì¶p³V Ho$ Ûmam {H$gr {d{eîQ> ¶m bú¶m| H$s àm{á

Ho$ {bE {H$¶o OmZo dmbo {MÝVZ go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V H$m

ì¶dhma CgHo$ OrdZ Ho$ kmV Ed§ ñnîQ> bú¶m| go {ZX}{eV hmoVm h¡&

6. A{ZX}{eV {MÝVZ

Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ {H$gr ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ Am¡a bú¶ Ho$ {~Zm hr

{ZX}{eV hþE {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$mo Omar aIVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ àm¶…

{Xdm ñdßZm|, ñdVÝÌ gmhM¶m], H$ënZm H$s C‹S>mZ O¡gr A{ZX}{eV KQ>ZmAm|

go n[aMm{bV hmoVm h¡&

7. namd{V©V {MÝVZ

‘Zwî¶ OrdZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZ‘| {H$¶o OmZo dmbo ì¶dhma à{V‘mZm|

H$mo gmW©H$ ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Bg àH$ma H$m {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h EH$ CÀM

ñVar¶ {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg {MÝVZ Ho$ Ûmam H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V

AnZo O{Q>b H$m¶m] ¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| nyd© AZw^dm| H$m

à¶moJ H$aVo hþE EH$ Z¶o T>§J go AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

7.2.5 {Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ àH$ma{Oå~mS>m} Ed§ ê$H$ Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ Xmo ‘w»¶ àH$ma ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢, Omo

{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. ñdbr {MÝVZ

¶h {MÝVZ H$ënZmË‘H$ {dMmam| Am¡a {Xdm-ñdßZm| na AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡,

{Og‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Zht hmo nmVm& ¶h Ho$db »¶mbr nwbm~

~ZmZm O¡gm hr h¡&

2. ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ

Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V¶m| ¶m KQ>ZmAm| go hr

hmoVm h¡, {OgH$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm

h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ¶WmW©dmXr {MÝVZ Ho$ VrZ ^mJ ~Vm¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV

h¢-

1. A{^gmar {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr Xr JB©

n[apñW{V ¶m dñVw-pñW{V ‘| VÏ¶m| Ho$ AmYma na hr g‘ñ¶m H$m

g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbVm h¡& Bgo {ZJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg‘|

g‘ñ¶m H$m {ZpíMV g‘mYmZ {ZH$mbm OmVm h¡&

2. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V Xr JB©

n[apñW{V ‘| nm¶o J¶o VÏ¶m| Ho$ gmW AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU Ho$ AmYma na

Z¶o VÏ¶m| H$mo Omo‹S>H$a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s Amoa ~‹T>Vm h¡& Bg‘|

g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE Z¶o VÏ¶m| H$m gO©Z {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo AmJ‘ZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ^r H$hVo h¢&

3. AmbmoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ - Bg àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr ^r

KQ>Zo dmbr KQ>Zm Ho$ à{V AmbmoMZmË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIVm h¡& dh

CnpñWV n[apñW{V ¶m KQ>Zm H$s dmñV{dH$Vm H$mo Om±M naIH$a

hr ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢& Bg‘| dñVw, KQ>Zm ¶m VÏ¶ H$s gÀMmB© H$mo CgHo$ JwUm| d Xmofm| H$s naI H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡& JoñQ>mëQ>dmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘¡³g dXu‘a Zo AnZo {gÕmÝV ‘| VrZ àH$ma Ho$ {MÝVZ H$s ~mV H$s h¡&

7.2.6 {MÝVZ Ho$ gmYZ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m {ZåZ gmYZm| Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go VoOr

go hmoVr h¡-

1. à{V~moYZ

{MÝVZ H$s {H«$¶m H$mo à{V~moYZ Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go CÎmoOZm {‘bVr h¡& O¡go- ¶{X

H$moB© AÜ¶mnH$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo {H$gr go PJ‹S>Vo hþE XoIVm h¡, Vmo dh AnZo

AZw^dm| go CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a gHo$Jm Am¡a CgH$s PJ‹S>Zo H$s

AmXV H$mo gwYma gHo$Jm&

2. à{V‘m

à{V‘m {MÝVZ H$m EH$ à‘wI gmYZ h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ nyd© AZw^d à{V‘mAm| Ho$

ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVo h¢& ¶o à{V‘mE± BVZr ep³Vembr hmoVr h¢ {H$ BZ‘| VWm

àË¶j ‘| ~hwV H$‘ AÝVa ahVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X ~mbH$ Ka ‘| ~¡R>m-~¡R>m AnZr

H$jm Ho$ ~mao ‘| {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo dh AÜ¶mnH$, ‘oO, Hw$gu, í¶m‘nÅ,

ghnmR>r Am{X H$s EH$ AñnîQ> ‘mZ{gH$ nwZéËn{Îm H$aVm h¡, {Ogo à{V‘m H$hm

OmVm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m nhbo Eogm ‘mZZm Wm {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V {H$gr

àH$ma H$s à{V‘m H$m à¶moJ Zht H$aVm, naÝVw AmYw{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ à¶moJm|

Ûmam ¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ ‘| à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¢& BZ à{V‘mAm| ‘|

A{YH$m§eV… ÑpîQ> à{V‘mE± hmoVr h¡, naÝVw H$^r-H$^r K«mU à{V‘mE± ¶m ldU

à{V‘mE± Am{X ^r hmoVr h¢&

3. àË¶¶

àË¶¶ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎdnyU© AmYma h¡& àË¶oH$ KQ>Zm ¶m dñVw H$m àË¶¶ ì¶p³V

Ho$ ‘Z ‘| hmoVm h¡, Omo {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X {H$gr

N>mÌ go nyN>m OmE {H$ Mma n¡a, EH$ ny±N>, aå^mZm, XÿY XoZo dmbm nmbVy Am{X

JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| H$m¡Zgr AdYm ¶m àË¶¶ AmVm h¡& BZ JwUm| Ho$

AmYma na N>mÌ EH$ gm‘mÝ¶ {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MVm h¡- Jm¶& ¶hm± na Jm¶ àË¶¶

H$m CXmhaU h¡& ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ àË¶¶ Ho$ AmYma na hr dñVwAm| H$m dJuH$aU















{H$¶m OmVm h¡ VWm àË¶¶ go {MÝVZ ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡& Bgr go {MÝVZ

^yV, ^{dî¶ VWm dV©‘mZ ‘o§ ì¶má hmo OmVm h¡&

4. ^mfm

{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³V ^mfm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ñd¶§ go ~mVMrV H$aVm h¡,

Bg{bE {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ mfU r H$hm OmVm h¡& {d{^ÝZ à¶moJm| Ûmam ¶h

ñnîQ> hþAm h¡ {H$ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVo g‘¶ {MÝVZ H$aZo dmbo

ì¶p³V H$s dmJrÝÐr¶ O¡go Or^ VWm ñda ¶ÝÌ ‘| Hw$N> noer¶ g§Hw$MZ hmoVo

h¢& O¡go- ì¶p³V AnZo Amn go ~mob ahm hmo& Hw$N> ì¶p³V {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶

Omoa-Omoa go ^r ~mobVo h¢& AV… ^mfm {MÝVZ H$m EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© gmYZ h¡&

5. g§Ho$V Ed§ {M•

{MÝVZ ‘| g§Ho$V Ed§ {M• ^r ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& O~ g§Ho$V {H$gr MoVZ ¶m

{H«$¶mË‘H$ AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE CÔrnZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, Vmo Bgo {M•

H$hVo h¢& AV… {M• ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aHo$ {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV

H$aVm h¡&

6. gyÌ

gyÌ {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& EH$ N>moQ>o gyÌ ‘| ì¶mnH$ AW© {Z{hV hmoVm h¡&

{dkmZ VWm J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo gyÌm| Ho$ ghmao hr {dH${gV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

7.2.7 {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±

1. ge³V àoaUm

{MÝVZ ‘| àoaUm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& àoaUm Ho$ A^md ‘| ì¶dpñWV Am¡a

{Z¶pÝÌV {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& O¡gm {H$ nhbo ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$

{MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg g‘ñ¶m H$mo gwbPmZo H$s

àoaUm {OVZr ge³V ¶m g~b hmoJr, Cg {df¶ H$m {MÝVZ H$aZo ‘| ‘pñVîH$

CVZm hr A{YH$ à¶ËZerb hmoJm& H$hmdV h¡ {H$ Ohm± Mmh h¡, dhm± amh h¡&

Mmh {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, amh Ty>±‹T>Zo H$m {MÝVZ ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ hmoJm Am¡a

amh {ZH$mbo {~Zm ì¶p³V H$^r M¡Z Zht nm gH$Vm& àoaUm go CËgmh ~Zm ahVm

h¡ Am¡a WH$mZ erK« Zht AmVr& àoaUm go {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ ep³V H$m

g§MmbZ AmgmZr go Zht hmo nmVm h¡&

2. Ü¶mZ Am¡a é{M

Ü¶mZ Am¡a é{M {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ AdñWmE± h¢& {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M

{~ëHw$b Zht h¡ Cg {df¶ ‘| àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ hmoZm Agå^d Zht, Vmo H${R>Z

Adí¶ h¡& é{M Ho$ A^md ‘| Cg na Ü¶mZ Zht bJm¶m Om gH$Vm& BgHo$

{dnarV, {Og {df¶ ‘| AmnH$s é{M h¡ Cg‘| Ü¶mZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go bJ

OmVm h¡ Am¡a {MÝVZ ^r ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go hmoZo bJVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X Amn

H$mo J{UV H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘o§ é{M h¡, Vmo AmnH$mo CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| AmZÝX

Am¶oJm, CZ‘| AmnH$m Ü¶mZ bJoJm Am¡a Amn AmgmZr go CZ‘| àJm‹T> {MÝVZ

H$a gH|$Jo&

3. gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ

gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ ^r àm‘m{UH$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE AZwHy$b n[apñW{V¶m±

h¢& gVH©$Vm go {MÝVZ ‘| Jb{V¶m± Am¡a hoËdm^mg Zht AmZo nmVo& bMrbonZ

go é{‹T>dm{XVm Am¡a AÝY{dídmg go ~Mmd hmoVm h¡& gVH©$ ahZo go ì¶p³V

Z¶o-Z¶o Cnm¶m| Am¡a {d{Y¶m| na ^r Ñ[îQ> aIVm h¡ Am¡a Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Zo na

CZH$m {MÝVZ ‘| g‘w{MV Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& gVH©$ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$

g§Ho$Vm|, à¶moJm|, {M•m| Am¡a gyÌm| Ho$ ghr AWm] H$mo VwaÝV g‘P OmVm h¡ Am¡a

CZH$m Cn¶moJ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd ImoOZm hmoVm h¡& AV…

Cg‘| Bg ~mV Ho$ {bE gVH©$ ahZm n‹S>Vm h¡ {H$ H$moB© JbVr Z hmo OmE Am¡a

H$moB© ~mV Ny>Q> Z OmE& Bg‘| gVH©$Vm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& {MÝVZ H$s g‘ñ¶m

H$mo gwbPmZo ‘| ¶{X EH$ {dH$ën go H$m‘ Zht {ZH$bVm, Vmo Cgo N>mo‹S>H$a Xÿgam

{dH$ën J«hU H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| bMrbonZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma

{MÝVZ ‘| gVH©$Vm Am¡a bMrbmnZ XmoZm| hr ghm¶H$ h¢&

4. ~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ

~w{Õ H$m {dñV¥V joÌ ^r {MÝVZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVm h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| AÝVÑ©pîQ>,

nyd©ÑpîQ> Am¡a níMmV²ÑpîQ> ~‹S>r ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¢& BZHo$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ joÌ Ho$

n¶m©á {dH$mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& {MÝVZ ‘| g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE

Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm| Am¡a CZHo$ nañna gå~ÝYm| na ÑpîQ> aIZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡& BZ g~Ho$ {bE ~w{Õ Ho$ {dñV¥V joÌ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&

5. g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$m H$R>moa Z hmoZm

{MÝVZ Z| g‘¶ bJVm h¡& O~ {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om ahm hmo,

Vmo Cg‘| g‘¶ H$s gr‘m H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE& gr‘m H$R>moa hmoZo na

{MÝVZ ñdm^m{dH$ ê$n go Zht hmo nmVm Am¡a Aàm‘m{UH$ hmo OmVm h¡& gr‘m

Ho$ AË¶{YH$ H$‘ hmoZo na Am¡a AË¶{YH$ H$R>moa hmoZo na {MÝVZ H$^r ^r

àm‘m{UH$ Zht hmo gHo$Jm& ¶{X {MÝVZ H$m {df¶ Aé{MH$a hmo, Vmo CgH$s

gr‘m {ZYm©[aV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, naÝVw ¶h gr‘m ^r H$R>moa Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&

amoMH$ g‘ñ¶m ‘| g‘¶ {ZYm©[aV H$aZm ì¶W© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³V ñd¶§

âgH$ à¶mg H$aVm h¡&

6. JûH$aU

JûH$aU ^r {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ AZwHy$b n[apñW{V h¡& ¶{X {MÝVZ ‘| {H$gr

g‘ñ¶m H$m H$moB© hb Z {ZH$b ahm hmo Am¡a ~ma-~ma Ag’$bVm {‘b ahr hmo,

Vmo AÀN>m ¶h h¡ {H$ CgH$mo Hw$N> Xoa Ho$ {bE ñW{JV H$a {X¶m OmE& Bggo O~

Amn Am¡a H$m‘m| ‘| bJo ah|Jo, V~ ‘pñVîH$ Cg g‘ñ¶m H$mo goVm ahoJm Am¡a

O¡go goZo go AWdm JûH$aU go AÊS>o ‘| ~ÀMm V¡¶ma hmo OmVm h¡, Cgr àH$ma

Bg ‘mZ{gH$ JûH$aU go g‘ñ¶m H$m gwbPmd {ZH$mbZm AmgmZ hmoJm& goZo

H$s à{H«$¶m ³¶m h¡, BgHo$ {df¶ ‘| A^r {ZpíMV ê$n go Hw$N> kmV Zht hmo

gH$m h¡, naÝVw ¶h X¡{ZH$ AZw^d H$s ~mV h¡ {H$ O~ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Bg àH$ma

N>mo‹S> {X¶m OmVm h¡, V~ H$^r-H$^r AH$ñ‘mV² CgH$m hb AnZo Amn g‘P

‘| Am OmVm h¡ AWdm Cg na {’$a {MÝVZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo CgH$m hb

{ZH$mbZo ‘| AmgmZr hmoVr h¡, naÝVw JûH$aU H$m AW© g‘ñ¶m go ^mJZm ¶m

CgHo$ gwbPmd Ho$ {bE n¶m©á gm‘J«r EH${ÌV H$aZo go ^mJZm Zht h¡, ³¶m|{H$

Eogr Xem ‘| JûH$aU ì¶W© h¡& AV… JûH$aU H$m bm^ V^r hmoVm h¡, O~{H$

g‘ñ¶m H$m ^br àH$ma {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgH$mo N>mo‹S> {X¶m J¶m hmo&






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7. g§doJ

g§doJmË‘H$ Xem ‘| {MÝVZ Zht hmo gH$Vm& ¶, H«$moY, ào‘ Am{X g§doJ h¡& AV…

{MÝVZ Ho$ {bE g§doJ-‘wp³V Mm{hE&

8. ^mfm

^mfm Ho$ {~Zm {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm& AV… ì¶p³V H$m ^mfm

{dH$mg {OVZm OëXr hmo gHo$, AÀN>m h¡&

9. àË¶¶

àË¶¶m| Ho$ {~Zm r {MÝVZ gå^d Zht h¡& Bg{bE àË¶¶mË‘H$ {dH$mg H$s Amoa

{deof Ü¶mZ {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

10. gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$

ì¶p³V g‘mO goo ~hþV Hw$N> J«hU H$aVm h¡& ^mfm H$m kmZ ^r ì¶p³V H$mo

gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gånH©$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ-

à{H«$¶m CÝZV hmoVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ CÝh| {MÝVZ H$s ZdrZ {XemE± àmá hmoVr h¢&

11. àË¶jmZw^d

{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo ñWyb nXmWm] H$m àË¶jmZw^d hmoVm h¡, CZH$s {MÝVZ j‘Vm

A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& EH$ H$Ý¶m AnZr nmR²>¶-nwñVH$ ‘| ‘moa go gå~pÝYV nmR>

n‹T>Vr h¡& A~ O~ VH$ dh ‘moa H$mo XoI Zht boVr, V~ VH$ dh ‘moa Ho$ ~mao

‘| {MÝVZ H$a hr Zht gH$Vr&

7.2.8 {MÝVZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ {Z¶‘{MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m EH$ O{Q>b à{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& ¶h à{H«$¶m O{Q>b hmoZo Ho$ gmW

hr gmW {Z¶{‘V ^r hmoVr h¡& Bg à{H«$¶m H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ à{gÕ

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo Hw$N> {Z¶‘ à{Vnm{XV {H$¶o Wo-

1. gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU

ñnr¶a‘¡Z H$m {MÝVZ H$m àW‘ {Z¶‘ gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU h¡& Bg {Z¶‘

Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| O~ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI AZoH$ dñVwE°§ CnpñWV

hmoVr h¢, Vmo CZ‘o§ Hw$N> gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a {bE OmVo h¢& ¶o gå~ÝY {ZH$Q>Vm,

AmH$ma VWm Xÿar Am{X na {Z^©a ahVo h¢& BZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY

‘mZm OmVm h¡& ñnr¶a‘¡Z Ho$ AZwgma BZ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝYm| na {ZåZ{b{IV

~mVm| H$m {deof à^md n‹S>Vm h¡-

1. JwU - àË¶oH$ dñVw Ho$ AnZo JwU hmoVo h¢& BZ JwUm| Ho$ gmW Cg dñVw H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- Z‘H$ EH$ dñVw h¡ VWm Z‘H$sZ hmoZm BgH$m JwU h¡& Bg pñW{V ‘| Z‘H$ VWm

Z‘H$sZnZ ‘| EH$ dmñV{dH$ gå~ÝY ‘mZm OmEJm& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo

{H$gr ^r pñW{V ‘| AbJ Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&2. H$mbJV gå~ÝY - EH$ AÝ¶ àH$ma H$m gå~ÝY H$mbJV gå~ÝY

hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm VÏ¶m| Ho$ ~rM H$mbJV gå~ÝY ^r

nm¶m OmVm h¡& O¡go- 9.30 na ñHy$b àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& Bg pñW{V

‘| 9.30 ~OZo VWm ñHy$b Ho$ àmaå^ hmoZo ‘| EH$ H$mbJV gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo OmVm h¡&

3. ñWmZJV gå~ÝY - H$mbJV gå~ÝY H$s hr ^m±{V ñWmZJV

gå~ÝY H$m ^r EH$ {d{eîQ> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& Hw$N> dñVwAm| ‘|

ñWmZJV gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& ¶h gå~ÝY ^r EH$ àH$ma go

A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡& O¡go- ‘oO Am¡a Hw$gu ‘| ñWmZJV gå~ÝY

hmoVm h¡& ¶o XmoZm| dñVwE± EH$ gmW nm¶r OmVr h¡&

4. H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwAm| AWdm VÏ¶m| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ H$m¶©-

H$maU gå~ÝY ^r nm¶m OmVm h¡& BZ dñVwAm| ‘| go ¶{X EH$ H$m¶©

hmoVr h¡, Vmo Xÿgar CgH$m H$maU& O¡go- ~’©$ VWm R>ÊS>H$ Ho$ ~rM

nañna H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡& Bgr àH$ma AmJ Ed§ J‘u ‘| ^r

H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY h¡&

5. dñVwJV gå~ÝY -¶h ^r EH$ àH$ma go A{^ÝZ gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&

O¡go- ~mOma VWm XþH$mZ, dm{Q>H$m VWm ’y$b H$m Amngr gå~ÝY

dñVwJV gå~ÝY hr H$hbmEJm&

6. {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY - Hw$N> dñVwE± {H$gr AÝ¶ gm‘J«r go ~Zr

hmoVr h¡& BZ dñVwAm| VWm gå~pÝYV gm‘J«r Ho$ ~rM Omo gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, Cgo {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY H$hm OmVm h¡& O¡go- H$n‹S>o VWm dñÌ, bH$‹S>r VWm ’$ZuMa, H$m±M VWm {Jbmg Ho$ ‘Ü¶ {Z‘m©UmË‘H$ gå~ÝY hr h¡&

7. AÝ¶ gå~ÝY - {d{^ÝZ dñVwAm| Ed§ VÏ¶m| Ho$ ~rM Cn¶w©³V d{U©V gå~ÝYm| Ho$ A{V[a³V Hw$N> AÝ¶ gå~ÝY ^r nmE OmVo h¢, {OZH$m dU©Z ñnr¶a‘¡Z Zo {H$¶m h¡& ¶o ‘mZ{gH$ gå~ÝY hmoVo h¢, BÝh| {dMmamË‘H$ gå~ÝY ^r H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ ‘w»¶ gå~ÝY h¢- g‘mZVm H$m gå~ÝY, g‘rnVm H$m gå~ÝY, nyd©nj VWm {ZîH$f© H$m gå~ÝY VWm {Z¶moOZmË‘H$ gå~ÝY&

2. gh gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU

H$^r-H$^r VÏ¶ H$mo gå~ÝYm| Ho$ g§Ho$V Ho$ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg

pñW{V ‘| gh-gå~ÝYm| H$m n¥W³H$sH$aU hmo OmVm h¡& O¡go- ¶{X H$hm OmE

{H$ AmJ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm ~’©$? Vmo {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go CÎma {‘boJm R>ÊS>r&

Bgr àH$ma ¶{X H$hm OmE, {H$ Mm¶ Ja‘ hmoVr h¡ VWm e~©V? Vmo ñdV… CÎma

{‘boJm R>ÊS>m& ¶h CÎma gh-gå~ÝYm| Ho$ n¥W³H$sH$aU H$m hr n[aUm‘ h¡&

7.2.9 {MÝVZ Ho$ {gÕmÝV{MÝVZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| Xmo {gÕmÝV àM{bV h¢& BÝh| Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV VWm noer¶

AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ Zm‘ go OmZVo h¢& BZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m dU©Z g§jon

‘| àñVwV h¡-

1. Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV

{MÝVZ H$m Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV àmMrZ {gÕmÝV h¡& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h

‘mZm OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m ‘pñVîH$ na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ‘pñVîH$ Ho$

CÀM Ho$ÝÐ O~ {MÝVZ Ho$ AmYma na O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m {ZdmaU H$aVo h¢

V~ ¶hr H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mE± Amdí¶H$

h¢& Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo H$moB© àYmZVm Zht Xr J¶r

h¡& Bg {dMmaYmam ‘| H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m

nyU©V… A^md ahVm h¡& {MÝVZ Ho$ Ho$ÝÐr¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo BVZm g‘W©Z Zht {‘bm

h¡, {OVZm ñZm¶w{dH$ AWdm noer¶ {gÕmÝV H$mo {‘bm h¡&















2. noer¶ AWdm ñZm¶w{dH$ {gÕmÝV

Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ¶h ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶

‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ A{V[a³V emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¢& ì¶dhmadmXr

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢& à{gÕ ì¶dhmadmXr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

dmQgZ Zo Bg {gÕmÝV Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ à¶moJ àñVwV {H$E h¢& BZHo$

AZwgma {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñda¶ÝÌ ‘| {H«$¶m hmoVr h¡& Bgr AmYma na BÝhm|Zo

{MÝVZ H$mo ‘m¡Z dmUr H$hH$a nwH$mam h¡& ñda¶ÝÌ H$s BZ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW

hr gmW AÝ¶ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mE± ^r hmoVr h¡& dV©‘mZ g‘¶ ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶

emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo A§{H$V H$aZo Ho$ {bE {dÚwV {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m

h¡& ñZm¶w-noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE O¡H$~gZ Ho$ à¶moJ A{V gamhZr¶

h¡& J¡ëdoZmo‘rQ>a Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m ^r Bg {gÕmÝV H$mo g‘W©Z àmá h¡& ‘¡³g Ho$

à¶moJ ^r {MÝVZ Ho$ g‘¶ ñZm¶w{dH$ noer¶ {H«$¶mAm| H$mo g‘W©Z XoVo h¢&

7.2.10 {MÝVZ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZg‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ O~ ì¶p³V {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡, Vmo {MÝVZ H$s

¶h AdñWm VH©$g§JV hmoVr h¡& g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶p³V {d{^ÝZ àH$ma go

{MÝVZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ hb H$aZo ‘| AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ gmYZ OwQ>mZo Ho$

à¶mg H$aVm h¡& O~ VH$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb Zht {ZH$b OmVm h¡, dh {ZaÝVa

Cgr Ho$ {df¶ ‘| gmoMVm ahVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb Ho$ g‘¶ Bg {MÝVZ Ho$

à^m{dV ê$n H$mo VH©$ H$hm OmVm h¡&

g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ ñdê$n H$r ì¶m»¶m H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|

Zo AnZo {dMma àñVwV {H$E h¢& gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n go g‘ñ¶m H$s àH¥${V H$mo n[a^m{fV

H$aVo hþE H$hm J¶m h¡ {H$ O~ H$^r ^r àmUr AnZo H$mo Eogr CÎmoOH$ pñW{V ‘|

nmVm h¡ {H$ {Og‘| Cgo {d{dY àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ

à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r AnZo bú¶ VH$ Zht nhþ±M nmVm h¡& Om°ZgZ Zo g‘ñ¶m

H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s CËn{Îm Cg g‘¶ hmoVr h¡, O~

ì¶p³V {H$gr bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV hmo, naÝVw CgHo$ àmapå^H$

à¶ËZ bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ghm¶H$ hmo OmVo hmo& EpÝS>¶mO Zo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V

H$m {díbofU {ZåZ{b{IV nm±M ^mJm| H$mo boH$a {H$¶m h¡-

1. àmUr Ho$ g‘j EH$ ¶m A{YH$ bú¶ hmoVo h¢&

2. àmUr H$mo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ CÎmoOH$ g§Ho$V {‘bVo h¢&3. àmUr {d{dY àH$ma H$s à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&4. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m àË¶oH$ g§Ho$V Cg n[apñW{V ‘| hmoZo dmbr

AbJ-AbJ à{V{H«$¶mAm| Ho$ gmW nyd© AZw^d Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ

àH$ma H$s Vrd«Vm Ho$ gmW grIm OmVm h¡&5. àmUr H$mo Ìw{Q>nyU© VWm gË¶ à{V{H«$¶mAm| H$m kmZ hmo OmVm h¡&

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ñdê$n new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm| ‘| hr {‘bVm

h¡& {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new ^r AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© hoVw g‘ñ¶m H$m

g‘mYmZ H$aVo h¢& O¡go- Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m {~ëbr na à¶moJ, H$mohba H$m dZ‘mZwf VWm ~r.E’$. pñH$Za H$m Myho na {H$¶m

J¶m à¶moJ& ¶o g^r g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| AmVo h¢& ‘mdaa Zo Z¡{‘{ÎmH$ AZw~ÝYZ H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s g§km Xr h¡, naÝVw

new-OJV ‘| gmYmaU g‘ñ¶m H$m hr hb hmo gH$Vm h¡& O{Q>b

g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ‘mZd OJV ‘| hr gå^d h¡& ‘mZd H$s Vm{H©$H$

ep³V H$mo hr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$m gmYZ H$hm J¶m h¡&

Vm{H©$H$ ep³V ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmE± ^r XoIr OmVr h¢& Hw$N> ì¶p³V

Xÿgam| H$s Anojm O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OëXr hb H$a boVo h¢& BgH$m à‘wI

H$maU ¶h h¡ {H$ CZ‘| O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$s {deof ¶mo½¶Vm hmoVr

h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$m hb r EH$ ñVa na gå^d Zht& ‘mZd VWm new-OJV XmoZm| ‘|

hr g‘ñ¶m gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ ñVa {‘bVo h¢& ‘mZd-OJV ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

Ho$ {ZåZ ñVa XoIo OmVo h¢-

1. g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V&

2. g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘PZm&

3. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gyMZm EH$Ì H$aZm VWm CÝh| ì¶d[ñWV

H$aZm&

4. nyd©H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶-{ZYm©aU H$aZm&

5. g‘mYmZ H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZm&

7.2.11 {ejH$ Ûmam ~mbH$m| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mgH«$mo VWm H«$mo H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b OrdZ¶mnZ Ho$ {bE ñnîQ> {MÝVZ H$s

¶mo½¶Vm Amdí¶H$ h¡& AVEd AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$

~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg hmo& ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg

H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV Cnm¶ H$m‘ ‘| bmE Om gH$Vo h¢-1. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$mo Bg ~mV H$m àmoËgmhZ XoZm Mm{hE {H$ do

{MÝVZ H$ao VWm AnZo {dMma IwbH$a àH$Q> H$ao&2. H$m¡Vyhb Am¡a é{M BZ XmoZm| H$m ~mb-{MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m

‘hÎd h¡& {ejH$ ~mbH$m§o H$s BZ àd¥{Îm¶m| H$mo gXm OmJ«V² aIo&3. ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎmaXm{¶ËdnyU© H$m¶© gm¢no OmZo Mm{hE, Vm{H$ do {MÝVZ

Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmo&4. Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE {H$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ^mfm kmZ ‘| d¥{Õ

hmoVr aho, ³¶m|{H$ ^mfm H$m {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ~‹S>m ‘hÎd h¡&5. {ejm ~mbH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘PZo VWm g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ

H$s {Xem ‘| àmoËgm{hV H$ao& ‘agob H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$s OmZH$mar VWm CgHo$ g‘mYmZ H$s ImoO-¶hr {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m

h¡ Am¡a ¶hr grIZo H$s ^r à{H«$¶m h¡&6. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo {ejU Ho$ g‘¶ VWm narjm ‘| Eogo àíZ ~mbH$m| go

nyN>Zo Mm{hE, Omo CÝh| {MÝVZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$ao&

7. {MÝVZ H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma kmZ h¡, AVEd AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$m

kmZ {dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE&8. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Bg ~mV H$m à¶mg H$aZm Mm{hE {H$ ~mbH$ VÏ¶m|

H$mo aQ>o Zht& aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm {MÝVZ Ho$ ‘mJ© ‘| g~go ~‹S>r ~mYm h¡&

9. VH©$, dmX-{ddmX VÏmm g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ BZgo ~mbH$ {MÝVZ

H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ ~mVm| H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

10. {ZarjU, AZw^d Am¡a à¶moJ ¶o g^r ~mbH$ H$s {MÝVZ ep³V H$mo {dH${gV H$aVo h¢& AVEd AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ {bE Eogr dñVwE±

OwQ>mZr Mm{hE VWm CÝh| Eogo ñWmZm| ‘| bo OmZm Mm{hE, Ohm± do

{ZarjU, AZw^d VWm à¶moJ H$a gHo$&






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11. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo AnZo {df¶ H$m AÀN>m kmZ hmoZo na hr N>mÌm| H$mo

dh Cg {df¶ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma g‘Pm gH$Vm h¡& {df¶ H$m kmZ

XoVo g‘¶ N>mÌm| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg na {ejH$ H$mo Ü¶mZ

XoZm Mm{hE&

12. {ejH$ H$mo n[apñW{V¶m± CËnÝZ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE

A{^ào[aV H$aZm Mm{hE&

7.2.12 {MÝVZ à{H«$¶m{MÝVZ à{H«$¶m H$m {ZåZ{b{IV Mma gmonmZm| ‘| {díbofU H$aHo$ AÀN>o T>§J go

g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. {H$gr bú¶ H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoZm

ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI O~ H$moB© g‘ñ¶m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, V~ dh Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m

g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ H$aVm h¡& {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ g‘ñ¶m H$mo Xÿa

H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {bE à¶mg H$aZm

{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo bú¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE à¶mgaV ahVm h¡& CgH$m

à¶mg hmoVm h¡ {H$ erK«m{VerK« g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ hmo OmE&

3. nyd© AZw^dm| H$m ñ‘aU H$aZm

{MÝVZ ‘| ì¶p³V AnZo nwamZo AZw^dm| H$m nwZ… ñ‘aU H$aVm h¡, {Oggo CZHo$

AmYma na dh dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo ‘| g‘W© hmo gHo$&

4. nyd© AZw^dm| H$mo dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m go g§¶mo{OV H$aZm

O~ ì¶p³V AnZo nyd© AZw^dm| Ho$ AmYma na dV©‘mZ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ

ImoOZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡, V~ CgHo$ gå‘wI g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AZoH$ gå^m{dV

g‘mYmZ CnpñWV hmoZo bJVo h¢&

7.2.13 øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m øyOmoO Ho$ AZwgma {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Mma gmonmZ h¡, {OZH$m g§{já {ddaU

{ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$bZ

{MÝVZ g‘ñ¶m Ho$ CËnÝZ hmoZo go àmaå^ hmoVm h¡& ‘yV© VWm A‘yV© g‘ñ¶mE±

{Okmgm Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go {MÝVZ H$m Amaå^ H$aVr h¢& Bg nX ‘| ‘yV© go A‘yV©

H$s Amoa ~‹T>m OmVm h¡&

2. gå~pÝYV VÏ¶m| H$m g§H$bZ

g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ ~mX CZ VÏ¶m| H$mo EH$Ì {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo g‘ñ¶m H$m

H$maU ImoOZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& VÏ¶m| Ho$ g§H$bZ ‘| àoaUm H$m ^r ‘hÎd hmoVm h¡&

3. {ZîH$f© na nhþ±MZm

VÏ¶m| H$m g§H$bZ H$a CZH$m {díbofU {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {díbofU go {H$gr

{ZîH$f© na nhþ±Mm OmVm h¡&

4. {ZîH$f© H$m narjU

{MÝVZ go àmá n[aUm‘m| H$m narjU H$a CZH$s Om±M H$s OmVr h¡& Bggo

{MÝVZ H$s d¡YVm VWm {dídgZr¶Vm H$s narjm hmo OmVr h¡&

7.2.14 {MÝVZ H$m e¡{jH$ ‘hÎdg’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE {MÝVZ AË¶ÝV Amdí¶H$ h¡& {MÝVZ dñVwV… ì¶p³V

H$s dh ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶m h¡, Omo Cgo AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| go loîR> ~ZmVr h¡& e¡{jH$

AWdm ì¶mdgm{¶H$ joÌm| ‘| g’$bVm àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³V H$s {MÝVZ ep³V

H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJXmZ ahVm h¡& AV… AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V

H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ ¶Wmgå^d à¶mg H$aZo Mm{hE& àË¶jrH$aU, {dñV¥V

AZw^d, àË¶¶-{Z‘m©U, ^mfm {dH$mg, {dMma A{^ì¶p³V Am{X H$mo àmoËgm{hV

H$aHo$ AÜ¶mnH$ ~mbH$m| H$s {MÝVZ ep³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo

h¢& ~mbH$m| H$s {Okmgm ep³V H$mo OmJ«V² H$aHo$ CZ‘| Ü¶mZ VWm é{M H$m

{dH$mg H$aHo$, àoaUm àXmZ H$aHo$, Xm{¶Ëd gm¢nH$a, dmX-{ddmX Ho$ Adga

àXmZ H$aHo$ VWm CZ‘| aQ>ÝV ñ‘aU H$r AmXV H$mo Xÿa H$aHo$ ^r ~mbH$m| H$s

{MÝVZ ep³V H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

7.3 NmÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢?AZwXoemË‘H$ à{H«$¶m ‘| {dkmZ {ejH$ {d{dY g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm H$aVo

h¢ Am¡a N>mÌm| Ho$ g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg ‘| H${R>ZVm go g’$bVm {‘bVr h¢&

¶{X {ejH$ ¶h OmZ gHo$ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma grIVo h¢, Vmo N>mÌm| H$s

~m¡{ÕH$ {dH$mg à{d{Y gab ~Z gHo$Jr& gmW hr gmW N>mÌ ¶h g‘P

gHo$ {H$ gyMZm H$mo {H$g àH$ma A{O©V {H$¶m Om¶o, Vmo AZwXoeZ gab hmo

gHo$Jm& N>mÌm| H$mo ñ‘¥{VH$aU Ho$ ñWmZ na gåàË¶¶, gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU, g‘ñ¶m

g‘mYmZ H$m¡eb VWm ‘yë¶ {ZYm©aU aUZr{V A{O©V H$aZr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$

CÀM ñVar¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| VWm {dkmZ {ejH$m| H$mo kmZ H$s àm{á

H$s à{H«$¶m g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ kmZ H$m gwa{jV ^ÊS>maU H$a gHo$,

Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CgH$m àË¶mñ‘aU H$a gHo$& Am¡a Cn¶w³V à¶moJ H$a gHo$,

Bgo à^mdr {ejU A{YJ‘ à{d{Y ‘mZm Om¶oJm& ¶{X N>mÌ A{O©V kmZ Ed§

H$m¡eb H$m à¶moJ ZdrZ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| H$a gHo$, Vmo ¶h EH$ CÎm‘ A{YJ‘

hmoJm& N>mÌm| H$mo {ddoMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ A{O©V H$aZm hmoJm {Og‘| dh kmZ,

H$m¡eb H$m C{MV à¶moJ H$a gHo$&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo g‘¶-g‘¶ na à¶moJ Am¡a AZw^d go ¶h OmZZo

H$m à¶mg {H$¶m h¡ {H$ N>mÌ H¡$go grIVm h¡? Am¡a CgHo$ {bE Hw$N> {gÕmÝV

{dH${gV {H$¶o h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-

1. {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX2. AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ

4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

5. ImoO

7.4 {Z{‘©VdmX/kmZ g§aMZmdmX{Z{‘©VdmX H$s CËn{Îm g§kmZmË‘H$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ joÌ go hþB© h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr à{V‘mZ

OrZ {n¶mOo, bod dmBJmoËñH$s, Oo. Eg. ~«yZa, hmadS>© JmS>©Za VWm ZobgZ JwS>goZ

Ho$ H$m¶m} na AmYm[aV h¡& Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ AZw d Ed§ {MÝVZ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§ {ejm















H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$m {Z{‘©VdmX na à^md h¢& Bg gÝX ©

‘| A{YJ‘ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr ì¶dñWm H$m Bg{bE ê$nmÝVa H$aVr h¡

{H$ {H$gr g‘pîQ> go {b¶o {H$¶o J¶o H$m¶m] Ho$ nadVu {ZînmXZ H$mo Ý¶yZm{YH$

An[adV©Zr¶ ê$n go gwYmam Om gHo$& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$s g{H«$¶Vm go

nyd© kmZ Ed§ ZdrZ kmZ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m go kmZ H$s g§aMZm hmoVr h¡&

7.4.1 {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AW©{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ Eogm {gÕmÝV h¡, Omo ¶h ‘mZVm h¡ {H$ kmZ H$m g§kmZr àm{U¶m|

Ho$ ~mha ApñVËd Zht hmo gH$Vm h¡, kmZ dmñV{dH$Vm/¶WmW© H$s g§aMZm h¡&

{Z{‘©VdmX H$s ‘w»¶ ‘mÝ¶Vm ¶h h¡ {H$ kmZ ~mha dñVwJV dmñV{dH$Vm ‘|

{dÚ‘mZ Zht h¡& kmZ grIZo dmbo N>mÌ Ûmam ‘Z hr ‘Z g§a{MV {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& grIZo dmbm N>mÌ O~ {H$gr ZdrZ pñW{V Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$

nmg nyd© kmZ hmoVm h¡, Omo nwamZo AZw^dm| na AmYm[aV h¡, CgHo$ gånH©$ ‘|

AmVm h¡& ZdrZ kmZ H$s g§aMZm nyd© kmZ Ho$ EH$sH$aU go hmoVr h¡&

{Z{‘©VdmX nyd© A{YJ‘ Ed§ Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go àË¶oH$ N>mÌ

Ho$ Ûmam kmZ H$s g§aMZm Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo ~b XoVm h¡&

{Z{‘©VdmX EH$ {gÕmÝV h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌ H¡$go grIVo h¢, ñnîQ> {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| N>mÌ AË¶ÝV d¡¶p³VH$ T>§J go kmZ H$m g{H«$¶ ê$n go g¥OZ Ed§

nwZJ©R>Z H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ {bE N>mÌ BZ AñWm¶r ~m¡{ÕH$ g§ê$nm§o H$mo gm‘m{OH$-

gm§ñH¥${VH$ gÝX^m] ‘| K{Q>V AnZo Am¡nMm[aH$ e¡j{UH$ AZw dm|, Ý¶yZm{YH$

d¡¶p³VH$ {gÕmÝV VWm ~moY Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo dmbo AÝ¶ AZoH$

à^mdm| na AmYm[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h g‘ñV {H«$¶m ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡ {H$ OmZZo dmbo

H$s ì¶m»¶mË‘H$ AÝV…{H«$¶m VWm AmZw m{dH$ VÏ¶ Ûmam g§gma H$mo OmZm OmVm h¡&

{Z{‘©VdmX AZoH$ A{YJ‘ n[aàoú¶mo§ H$m g§íbofU h¡& {~«Q>oZ, AmñQ´>o{b¶m,

Ý¶yOrb¡ÊS> VWm A‘o[aH$m ‘| emoYH$Vm©Am| Zo Eo{Vhm{gH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|, Xme©{ZH$m|

VWm emoYH$Vm©Am§§o Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| VWm {d{Y¶m| H$s gh{H«$¶m H$mo AmYw{ZH$

~Zm¶m h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| Om°Z S>rdr Ho$ grYo AZw^d Ed§ {MÝVZ, ~«yZa

Ho$ {d{eîQ> AZw^d Ûmam {Z{‘©V Cn¶w³V ‘mZ{gH$ g§aMZmAm| na ~b XoZm

Am{X gpå‘{bV h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ g‘W©Z ‘| AZoH$ emoY à‘mU h¢& {Z{‘©VdmX

Zo g‘ñV ^mfm AÜ¶¶Z H$mo {~«Q>oZ ‘| à^m{dV {H$¶m h¡& BgH$m à^md J{UV

{ejU, {dkmZ {ejU na ^r h¡&

{Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ ~moY Ho$ {bE ‘Zmo{dkmZ, kmZ ‘r‘m§gm VWm Xe©Z Am{X

H$m AÜ¶¶Z Amdí¶H$ h¡, ³¶m|{H$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV ‘| BZH$s ‘w»¶ y{‘H$m h¡&

7.4.2 {Z{‘©VdmX Ho$ àH$ma{ejm{dXm| Zo bJ^J ~mah {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ ‘moS²>¶yb H$s ì¶m»¶m H$s h¡,

{OZH$m AmYma ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ed§ kmZ-‘r‘m§gm h¡& {ejm ‘| {Z{‘©VdmX {gÕmÝV

Ho$ Xmo ‘yb àmê$n h¡-

1. {n¶mOo H$m g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX

OrZ {n¶mOo H$m H$m¶© g§kmZmË‘H$ {Z{‘©VdmX H$m AmYma h¡, {Og‘| {H$g àH$ma

{ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go AnZo g§gma ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ g§aMZmAm| H$mo ñdrH$maVo h¢?

Bg‘| ì¶p³V AHo$bm AW© {ZH$mbVm h¡& {ejH$m| H$mo N>mÌm| ‘| {d{eîQ> H¥$Ë¶m|

Ûmam H${R>ZmB© àñVwV H$aVo hþE g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z H$aZm Mm{hE&

2. gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX

gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡ {H$ kmZ Ho$ d¡¶p³VH$ Ed§

gm‘m{OH$ Xmo ^mJ h¢ Am¡a BÝh| {H$gr ^r AW©nyU© ê$n ‘§o AbJ go Zht XoIm

Om gH$Vm& ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| kmZ H$s g§aMZm H$aVm h¡, Omo

n¶m©daU H$mo ^mfm, nyd© {ZYm©[aV gåàË¶¶ VWm kmZ g¥OZ H$aZo Am¡a Cgo

naIZo H$s ñdrH¥$V {d{Y¶m| go {Z¶pÝÌV H$aVo h¢& AZoH$ {ejm{dX² g§kmZmË‘H$

Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ {Z{‘©VdmX n[aàoú¶ Ho$ Cn¶moJr g§íbofU na ~b XoVo h¢ VWm

¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ kmZ H$s g§aMZm d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n go hmoVr h¡ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$

‘Ü¶ñWVm go ñdrH$mar OmVr h¡&

Bg‘| Xmo à{d{Y¶m± h¢-

1. pñW{V kmZ

2. gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ kmZ&

¶o XmoZm| à{d{Y¶m± n¶m©daU Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘

A{YJ‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$mo àYmZVm XoVr h¢& pñW{V kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX ‘| ¶h nhMmZVo

h¢ {H$ N>mÌ gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU ‘| kmZ H$m ê$nmÝVaU H$aVo h¢ VWm Bg AÝV…

{H«$¶m go XmoZm| N>mÌ Ed§ n¶m©daU ‘| n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$

kmZ {Z{‘©VdmX AW©nyU© EH$sH¥$V A{YJ‘ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aVm h¡& ¶h à{d{Y

AW©nyU© H$m¶moª Ho$ {dH$mg na ~b XoVr h¡& BZ‘| AZoH$ {df¶m| H$mo gpå‘[bV

H$aHo$ à¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&

7.4.3 {Z{‘©VdmX go CËnÝZ e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV{Z{‘©VdmX go AZoH$ e¡[jH$ {gÕmÝVm| H$s ì¶wËn{Îm hþB© h¡, Hw$N> e¡{jH$ {gÕmÝV

{ZåZ{b{IV h¡- 1. AZwXoeZ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ gåàË¶¶ {dH$mg Ed§ JhZ ~moY h¡&

AZwXoeZ H$m AW© ‘mÌ H$m¡eb Ed§ ì¶dhma {dH$mg Zht h¡&2. A{YJ‘ {Z{‘©VdmXr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo N>mÌm| H$mo nyam H$aZm h¢& N>mÌ

g{H«$¶ {dÚmWu h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo dh Adga CnbãY H$amZm h¡, {OZgo N>mÌ kmZ H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gHo$&

3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gå~pÝYV àmg§{JH$ ~moY Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$

{bE {ejH$m| H$mo AW©nyU© à‘m{UH$ {H«$¶mE± CnbãY H$amZm h¡&

4. {df¶-dñVw Am¡a A{YJ‘ à{d{Y XmoZm| H$m {MÝVZ gdm}n[a h¡&5. gh¶moJr g‘yh Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ ~moY H$m narjU {H$¶m Om¶o VWm

{d{eîQ> g‘ñ¶m gå~pÝYV ~moY H$mo ~‹T>m¶m Om¶o&

6. {ejH$m| Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE ZdrZ kmZ, Omo H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m J¶m h¡

VWm N>mÌm| Ho$ {dJV AZw^dm| ‘| gwñnîQ> gå~ÝY Omo‹S>m Om¶o& {ejH$ nmR> AWdm BH$mB© Ho$ ‘w»¶ gåàË¶¶m| VWm {ddoMZmË‘H$ {~ÝXþAm| H$m gå~ÝY gmam§e Ûmam, Aä¶mg Ûmam ~Zm¶o aIo&

7. nyd© kmZ Omo N>mÌ A{YJ‘ pñW{V ‘| Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢, gX¡d

gåàË¶¶mË‘H$ ~moY H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¢, Bg nyd© kmZ H$mo nydm©J«h, gab {gÕmÝV, d¡H$pënH$ T>m±Mm VWm {dMma ^«mpÝV H$hVo h¢&

8. {ejH$m| H$mo nydm©J«h Ûmam N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo MwZm¡Vr XoZr Mm{hE&9. {Z[‘©VdmX nyd©kmZ Ho$ AZw^d Ho$ narjU na ~b XoVm h¡&

10. {Z{‘©VdmX H$m ‘yb {gÕmÝV h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoH$a AnZo kmZ

H$s, g§aMZm H$s, ZdrZ kmZ H$s AnZo nyd© kmZ go VwbZm H$ao,






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{Oggo ZdrZ ~moY H$a gHo$&

11. AZoH {ejm{dX² {Z{‘©VdmX H$mo {dH$ën Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢, O¡go-

{Z{‘©VdmX H$s kmZ ‘r‘m§gm {df¶{ZîR>dmX H$m {dH$ën h¡& {Z{‘©VdmX

N>mÌ-Ho$pÝÐV h¡, Omo {ejH$-Ho$pÝÐV H$jm H$m {dH$ën h¡ VWm

e¡j{UH$ gÝX^© ‘| BgH$m ‘hÎd ~b A{YJ‘ H$s ImoO {d{Y¶m| na

h¡, Omo AZwXoemË‘H$ A{YJ‘ H$m {dH$ën h¡&

7.4.4 EH$ {Z{‘©VdmX àmê$n{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| JhZ ~moY H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {ejm{dXm| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$

g‘ñV ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| CZH$m ñd¶§ H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡ VWm O~ VH$ do ñd¶§ Ho$

{bE g§aMZm Zht H$aVo, CÝh| {dídmg Zht hmoVm& EboZ VWm ~oH$Z (1994)

Ho$ AZwgma {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV na AmYm[aV A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘m°S>b ~Zm¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU Ho$ {bE gw{dYmE± CnbãY H$am¶|, Vm{H$ do

gm‘J«r H$mo ñd¶§ à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$& CZgo àíZ nyN>o Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Cn¶moJr Ed§

CËnmXH$ àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE à[aV H$ao& N>mÌm| H$mo CZH$s ì¶m»¶m ‘| g§aMZm

hoVw CZHo$ {dMmam| ‘| g‘mZVm Ed§ AÝVa na {MÝVZ H$aZo Xo VWm CZHo$ {dMmam|

‘| gå~ÝYm| H$s g§aMZm H$aZo Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ n¶m©daU, Q>o³Zmobm°Or Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$

{dMmam| H$mo ì¶mnH$Vm Xo, {Og‘| {dkmZ à{d{Y¶m±, H$m¡eb Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b

hmo& Bggo N>mÌm| Ho$ {MÝVZ H$mo àmoËgmhZ {‘boJm& CZHo$ {dMmam| VWm {MÝVZ

H$m¡ebm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| CÝho ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo Xo&

7.4.5 {ejU {H«$¶mE±N>mÌm| H$mo AÝdofU hoVw àmoËgmhZ Xo, g‘yh gh¶moJ, àíZ nyN>Zo na ~b Xo&

N>mÌm| go AÝV…{H«$¶m, CZHo$ {dMma OmZo, CÝh| gåàË¶¶ g§aMZm ‘| gh¶moJ

Xo& ^m¡{VH$, ‘mZ{gH$ à{H«$¶mAm| Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo {dMmam| H$m {dñVma H$aZo Xo&

{dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$ à¶moJ na ~b Xo& N>mÌm| Ho$ {dkmZ à{d{Y H$m¡ebm| Ho$

ñdm{‘Ëd Ed§ {dMmam| Ho$ n[adV©Z H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao& Bg‘| VËH$mb hmoZo dmbo

à¶moJm| na ~b Xo&

7.4.6 {Z{‘©VdmX EH$ gm§ñH¥${VH$ àUmbr Ho$ ê$n ‘|{Z{‘©VdmXr {ejU ‘§o {dkmZ {ejH$ {Z{‘©VdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ à¶moJ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm|

H$mo gh¶moJ Xo gH$Vo h¢& gm‘mÝ¶V… {dkmZ {ejH$ kmZ g§aMZm gabrH$aU

H$aZo dmbm ì¶p³V h¡ Am¡a {ZåZ{b{IV ^y{‘H$m go dh N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY g§aMZm

‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡, {Og‘| H$jm ‘| hmoZo dmbr n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo g‘PZm

hmoJm, {OZgo kmZ H$m g¥OZ hmoVm h¡ Am¡a nwZ… g§aMZm hmoVr h¡-

1. gd©àW‘ N>mÌm| H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm hmoJm {H$ do kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a ¶h g‘PZm hmoJm {H$ kmZ CZHo$ ~mha {dÚ‘mZ Zht

h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ¶h ñdrH$maZm h¡ {H$ O~ N>mÌ g§gma H$mo g‘P aho h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ kmZ H$m g¥OZ H$a aho h¢& ¶{X N>mÌm| H$mo ~m¡{ÕH$

Adga {‘b|Jo, Vmo do {df¶dñVw H$mo g‘P|Jo Am¡a ñd¶§ ~moY A{O©V H$ao§Jo& Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| {ejH$ EH$ ‘mJ©Xe©H$, àoaUm XoZo dmbm,

Adga CnbãY H$amZo dmbm, N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW ~moY {dH${gV H$aZo

dmbm ghm¶H$ h¡& N>mÌ {ejH$ Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam gåàË¶¶, eãXmdbr VWm Iob aUZr{V¶m| H$mo àmá H$aVm h¡&

2. ¶h ‘hÎdnyU© h¡ {H$ N>mÌ {H$g àH$ma {df¶dñVw H$mo H$m‘ ‘§o bmVo

h¢& N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ à{d{Y Ûmam M¶{ZV gåàË¶¶m| H$mo OmZZo

H$m à¶mg H$aVo hþE CZH$mo g‘P nmVo h¢& ¶h EH$ ~m¡{ÕH$ {H«$¶m h¡,

{Og‘| {df¶dñVw EH$sH¥$V h¡&

3. N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE {df¶dñVw Ed§ Cgo OmZZo H$s à{d{Y XmoZm| ‘hÎdnyU© h¢&

A{YH$ g‘¶ VH$ H$m¶©aV ahZo go ~moY hmoVm h¡& {dkmZ ‘| ge³V

gåàË¶¶ M¶Z N>mÌm| H$mo ~moY ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoJm& {Z{‘©VdmXr A{YJ‘

XrK©H$mbrZ g{H«$¶Vm na ~b XoVm h¡, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y

H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌ à‘mU EH${ÌV H$ao VWm

CZH$s ì¶m»¶m H$ao& {ejH$ H$s y{‘H$m N>mÌm| H$mo gw{dYmE± CnbãY

H$amZm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| nyd© kmZ H$mo AmYma ‘mZH$a ZdrZ kmZ H$mo A{O©V

H$aZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, {Og‘| ImoO AmYm[aV àíZ, {H«$¶mE± gpå‘{bV

h¢ AWm©V² {ejH$ CÀM H$m¡eb àmá A{YJ‘ gabrH$aU H$aZo dmbm h¡& {Z{‘©VdmXr g§ñH¥${V ‘| {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌ nmañn[aH$ ~mVMrV go grIVo h¢ VWm N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CZHo$ {ZînmXZ na AmYm[aV h¡, Bg{bE {Z{‘©VdmXr H$jm H$mo EH$ g§ñH¥${V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡&

7.5 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘A{YJ‘ AZw^d Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go K{Q>V hmoVm h¡& ~mbH$ H$m g§gma, {deof ê$n go

àmW{‘H$ embm ‘|, g§doXr-JË¶mË‘H$ g§gma hmoVm h¡& dh CZ dñVwAm| ‘| é{M

boVm h¡, {OÝh| dh XoI gH$Vm h¡, gwZ gH$Vm h¡, ñne© H$a gH$Vm h¡, {OZH$m

ñdmX bo gH$Vm h¡, {Z¶mo{OV H$a gH$Vm h¡, ~Zm gH$Vm h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a

Om±M H$a gH$Vm h¡ AWm©V² à¶moJ H$a gH$Vm h¡& Omo AZw^d ~mbH$ Ho$ VwaÝV

H$ë¶mU go gå~pÝYV Zht hmoVo AWdm g‘¶ Am¡a Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na XÿañW

hmoVo h¢, CZ AZw^dm| ‘| ~mbH$ H$s é{M Zht ahVr& ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñHy$b ñVa H$s

AdñWm ‘| ¶o é{M¶m± n[ad{V©V hmo gH$Vr h¢, {H$ÝVw AZw^d H$s Amdí¶H$Vm

à‘wI ‘hÎd H$s hr ~Zr ahVr h¡& ~mbH$ Ho$ Amapå^H$ dfm] ‘| AZw^d H$s

gdm©{YH$ Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo AZw^d Ûmam grIZm

¶m AZw^d go grIZm Ho$ ê$n ‘| n[a^m{fV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

7.5.1 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${VAmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s àH¥${V H$m {ZYm©aU {ZåZ{b{IV H$maH$m| go hmoVm h¡-

1. H$aHo$ grIZm

BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H$m¶© H$aZo Am¡a àË¶j AZw^d H$mo ‘hÎd {X¶m OmVm h¡&

à¶moJembm H$m¶©, IobHy$X à{ejU, d¥jmamonU Am{X BgHo$ AZoH$ CXmhaU

{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&

2. X¡{ZH$ AZw^d Ho$ Ûmam ì¶p³VJV A{YJ‘

A{YJ‘ Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V H$m AnZo AZw^dm| H$s {deofVmAm|, àmê$nm| Am¡a

n[aUm‘m| go AdJV hmoZm AmVm h¡&

3. AmZw^{dH$ gm‘m{OH$ g‘yh à{H«$¶mE±

AZw^d Ûmam grIZo H$m {dñVma, gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡ebm| Ho$ grIZo VH$ {H$¶m

J¶m h¡&















4. H$jm ‘| AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘

g‘yh à{H«$¶m J{V{d{Y¶m| go, {Og‘| H$B© ZdrZ AÝVd£¶p³VH$ H$m¶©H$bmn

gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢; H$jm A{YJ‘ g§d¥Õ hmoVm h¡& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶, Iob d

AZwê$nU VWm ‘yë¶ Aä¶mg Am{X go A{YJ‘H$Vm© H$mo R>mog AZw^d àmá hmoVo

h¢, {OgHo$ àH«$‘U Ho$ níMmV² g§kmZmË‘H$ n[adV©Z Vmo hmoVm hr h¡, gmW hr

A{^d¥{Îm Ed§ ì¶dhma ‘| ^r n[adV©Z hmoVm h¡&

AÝ¶ H$m¶©H$bmnm| ‘| lì¶-Ñí¶ gmYZm| H$m BñVo‘mb, H$bm, ZmQ>H$,

g§JrV, Z¥Ë¶ Am¡a Iob gpå‘{bV h¢&

7.5.2 H$m°~ Ho$ AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWmE±H$m°~ Zo AZwgma AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$r Mma AdñWmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. R>mog ì¶p³VJV AZw^d&

2. Cg AZw^d H$m àojU Am¡a ‘ZZ&3. A‘yV© AdYmaUmE± Am¡a gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU&4. g{H«$¶ à¶moJrH$aU AWm©V² ZdrZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$m narjU&

Bg Mma AdñWr¶ MH«$ H$mo EH$ CXmhaU Ûmam g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¢-

O~ gXu ‘| ~ÀMo H$mo R>ÊS> bJVr h¡, V~ ‘m± Cgo ñdoQ>a nhZZo Ho$ {bE XoVr h¡&

Cgo ñdoQ>a go J‘u {‘bVr h¡& CgH$s R>ÊS> H$‘ hmoVr h¡& ¶h R>mog AZw^d H$s

nhbr AdñWm h¡& ñdoQ>a, em°b Am{X J‘© H$n‹S>m| go ~ÀMm Bg VÏ¶ H$m àojU

H$aVm h¡& ¶h Xÿgar AdñWm& CgHo$ àojU go Cgo gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU ‘| ghm¶Vm

{‘bVr h¡ {H$ J‘© H$n‹S>o R>ÊS> H$‘ H$aVo h¢ ¶h Vrgar AdñWm h¡& ApÝV‘

AdñWm dh h¡, O~ ~ÀMm J‘© H$n‹S>m| Ho$ gmW à¶moJ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AnZo Hw$Îmo

Ho$ Mmam| Amoa J‘© H$n‹S>m bnoQ>Vm h¡&

EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| h‘| AZw^d Bg àH$ma Am¶mo{OV H$aZo Mm{hE,

{Oggo ~mbH$ H$mo AZw^d H$s Mmam| AdñWmAm| go {ZH$bZo Ho$ Adga {‘bo&

BZ‘| go H$moB© EH$ AdñWm ghr ê$n go A{YJ‘ H$m {Z‘m©U Zht H$aVr&

7.5.3 A{YJ‘ H$mo gwJ‘ ~ZmZo dmbo AZw^d

1. CX²^mgZ

XoIZm, àojU H$aZm, gy±KZm, ñdmX MIZm, ñne© H$aZm, Ü¶mZ go XoIZm,

à{V{H«$¶m H$aZm, nhMmZZm&

2. gh^m{JVm

àojU, {ddoMZm H$aZm, AÝdofU H$aZm, AmH$bZ H$aZm, g§H$ënZm H$aZm,

{ZXo{eV H$aZm, AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, g§Mm{bV H$aZm, H«$‘~Õ

H$aZm, g§J«h H$aZm, à{Vê${nV H$aZm, n[a^m{fV H$aZm, gwZZm&

3. A{^kmZ

gmhM¶© ñWm{nV dJuH$aU H$aZm, dJuH¥$V H$aZm, ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, à¶moJ H$aZm,

‘mZ{MÌU, AZw‘m{ZV H$aZm, AZwà¶wp³V, nhMmZ, AÝdofU H$aZm, {bIZm,

{MÌ ~ZmZm, n[aH$ënZm {Z‘m©U, MmQ>© ~ZmZm, n‹T>Zm, gyMZm Ho$ {bE àojU&

4. AmÝVarH$aU (ì¶m»¶m)

{díbofU H$aZm, VwbZm H$aZm ¶m g§jonU, ImoO~rZ H$aZm ({ZJ‘Z {ZîH$f©U),

{dôXZ H$aZm, gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU, JhZ N>mZ~rZ, ñWmZmÝVaU&

5. {dñVmaU

gåàofU, àX{e©V H$aZm, àñVwVrH$aU, A{^ào[aV H$aZm&

7.5.4 AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE e¡j{UH$ H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ Ho$ CÔoí¶m|o H$s àm{á Ho$ {bE ~mbH$m| H$mo dm§{N>V Adga

àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo {ejU-H$m¶©Zr[V {Z¶mo{OV H$aZr Mm{hE&

bo³Ma/ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y¶m| H$s OJh A{YH$ AÝV{H«©$¶mË‘H$ ¶m H$m¶©H$bmnm|

na AmYm[aV {d{Y¶m± à¶moJ H$aZr Mm{hE& EH$-Va’$m gåàofU Ho$ ñWmZ na

XmoVa’$m AWdm ~hþVa’$m gåàofU H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& {ejU gmYZm|/

gm‘J«r H$mo H$‘ H$aHo$ A{YJ‘ gmYZm|/gm‘J«r H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&

do H$m¶©Zr{V¶m± AnZmZr Mm{hE {OZgo {dÚmWr© H$m g§gma ‘| Am‘Zm-

gm‘Zm hmo gHo$& BgHo$ ~mX MMm©, ñnîQ>rH$aU Ed§ {ddoMZm Ho$ {bE n¶m©á g‘¶

XoZm Mm{hE& ^y{‘H$m A{^Z¶ Iob, AZwê$nU, Aä¶mg O¡gr H$m¶©Zr{V¶m±,

AZw^d àmá H$aZo, ‘hgyg H$aZo Am¡a ‘hÎd g‘PZo Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aVr h¢&

à¶moJembm H$m¶©, joÌ-^«‘U, MMm©E±, ZmQ>H$sH$aU, go[‘Zma VWm n[a¶moOZmE±,

do {d[Y¶m± h¢ {OZgo {dÚmWu A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶mAm| ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma hmoVm h¡

Am¡a AnZo A{YJ‘ H$mo A{YH$ MwZm¡VrnyU©, AmZÝX‘¶ Am¡a gmhgnyU© ~ZmVm h¡&

AmZw^{dH$ A{YJ‘ H$mo à^mdr ~ZmZo hoVw {ejH$ Ûmam {ejU ‘| ImoO

à{ejU ‘m°S>b Ed§ AdYmaUm CnbpãY ‘m°S>b H$m à¶moJ H$aZm Mm{hE& ñd¶§

AZw^d H$aHo$ N>mÌ ~ohVa VarHo$ go grI nmVo h¢& {d{^ÝZ {H«$¶mH$bmn, Omo

{dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ^mJrXma ~ZmVo h¢, CÝh| g§d{Õ©V

AZw^d r àXmZ H$aVo h¢& AV… {ejU ‘o§ Eogo H$m¶©H$bmnm| H$m Am¶moOZ Adí¶

{H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE& Bggo N>mÌ é{Mnyd©H$ {ejU à{H«$¶m ‘| g{H«$¶ ahVo hþE

A{YJ‘ H$a gH|$Jo&

7.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌg§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ CnbãY H$amZm

gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejm H$m AË¶ÝV AmemOZH$ ZdmMma

ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| H$mo gyMZm g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE

àË¶j Ñí¶ àñVwV H$aVo h¢&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ g§{H«$¶ A{YJ‘ gmYZ h¡ Am¡a {d{^ÝZ

ê$n go BgH$m à¶moJ {ejU ‘| gå^d h¡, O¡go-{Z¶moOZ, {ejU, g§emoYZ

VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z& AmO g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo {ejU ‘| EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© A{V

g§kmZmË‘H$ CnH$aU ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg AÜ¶m¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m

AW©, {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y VWm H$jm ‘| BgHo$ à¶moJ na n[aMMm© H$s JB© h¡&

~moY EH$ ¶mo½¶Vm h¡ {Og‘| {H$gr gåàË¶¶, {dMma AWdm g‘ñ¶m H$s

àH¥${V, ‘hÎd Ed§ ì¶m»¶m H$s g‘P Am¡a CgH$m ñnîQ> gånyU© d¡Mm[aH$ kmZ

H$s CnbãYVm hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¢& g§{já ‘| ~moY g‘P H$s ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&

~moY, nyd© A{O©V kmZ H$mo ZdrZ AZw^dm| Ed§ n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|o à¶moJ

‘| bmZo H$s CnbpãY h¡& ~moY, N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶[³Vd$ Ed§ n¶m©daUr¶ AZwHy$bVm

H$mo gj‘ ~ZmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam ~moY A{O©V H$aZm EH$ e¡{jH$

ZdmMma h¡& {OgHo$ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ A{O©V H$aVo h¡& AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘|






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N>mÌ AZwXoeZ Ho$ H$maU nyd© kmZ H$m ZdrZ kmZ go gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo h¡&

Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ ZdrZ AW© àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h Cg {dMma H$m ~moY h¡& Bg

à{H«$¶m go kmZ ‘| gVV² d¥{Õ hmoVr h¢, {Og‘| nyd© kmZ go ZdrZ kmZ g§¶moOZ

~ZVm h¡& ’$bñdê$n Bg à{H«$¶m ‘| aQ>Zo na H$‘ ~b hmoVm h¡ Am¡a ~moY gab

hmoVm h¡& {ejm H$m AW© N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| ZdrZ AW© Ty>±‹T>Zm h¡, {Ogo h‘

AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ H$hVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam grIZo ‘| VrZ àH$ma Ho$

kmZ H$m à¶moJ hmoVm h¡- VÏ¶, gåàË¶¶ Ed§ gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {ejU ‘| gwYma gå^d h¡ Am¡a N>mÌm| ‘|

{dÚ‘mZ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$mo Xÿa {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg joÌ ‘| emoYH$Vm©

{Z{‘©VdmX ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$s CËn{Îm XoIVo h¢, {Oggo ¶h {d{XV hmoVm

h¡ {H$ N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s ì¶p³VJV {d{eîQ>Vm go gåàË¶¶m| H$m ~moY H$aVo h¢&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$mo ~moY Ho$ {bE EH$ ‘hÎdnyU© {ZX}emË‘H$

aUZr{V ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& {ejU ‘| ~moY H$s {d{dY aUZr{V¶m| H$mo à¶moJ ‘|

bm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& O¡go-grIZo Ho$ {bE boIZ, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm,

~moY Ho$ {bE dmMZ, {MÌm| H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aZm, g‘yh H$m¶© Ûmam ì¶m»¶m VWm

{MÌm| Ed§ ‘m°S>b Ûmam gåàË¶¶ ñnîQ> H$aZm&

ì¶p³V H$s ¶mo½¶Vm VWm {MÝVZ, à{d{Y¶m| H$s OmZH$mar VWm CgH$m|

‘m°[ZQ>a H$aZm hr A{V-g§kmZ h¡& EH$ A{V g§kmZr ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ Ed§

A{YJ‘ na {dMma H$aHo$ CZ‘| Amdí¶H$ n[adV©Z H$a boVm h¡& Bg àH$ma dh

AZdaV g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡& AV… A{V-g§kmZ g’$b ì¶p³V¶m| go Ow‹S>m

hþAm h¡& ñd-{Z¶‘Z BgH$m ‘hÎdnyU© H$m¡eb h¡&

ñd¶§ Ho$ {MÝVZ AWdm A{YJ‘ H$s OmZH$mar H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo

A{Vg§kmZ H$hVo h¢, Omo ñd-{Z^©aVm Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ ZdrZ nj {XImVo

h¢& Bg‘| CÎm‘ {MÝVZerb ì¶p³V AnZo {MÝVZ ‘| gwYma bm gH$Vo h¢, ³¶m|{H$

dh {d{Y ñd¶§ na bmJy hmoVr h¡& ¶h {MÝVZ H$mo Xÿgao ñVa na bo OmVr h¡&

ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ Eogm H$m¡eb h¡, Omo g~ na (ñd¶§ na ^r) bmJy hmoVm h¡& Amn

AnZo Ûmam àñVwV ì¶m»¶m H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Cg‘| dm§{N>V gwYma

H$a gH$Vo h¢& ñd-{Z¶‘Z EH$ g§kmZmË‘H$ H$m¡eb h¡, {OgH$mo à‘wIVm go

^mdZmË‘H$ ‘Z…pñW{V H$m ^mJ ñdrH$mam J¶m h¡& Bg‘| gOJVm go ñd¶§ H$s

g§kmZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gH$Vo h¢& Bg‘| ghH$m¡eb, O¡go-ñd-

narjU Ed§ ñd-gwYma gpå‘{bV h¡&

{ejH$ H$mo N>mÌmo§ ‘| ñd-A[YJ‘ H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo H$m CÎmaXm{¶Ëd

{dH${gV H$aZm Mm{hE& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘|, A{V g§kmZ H$m¡eb VWm aUZr{V H$s

OmZH$mar N>mÌm| H$mo XoZr Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ ñd¶§ H$s g§kmZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mAm|

H$mo ‘m°[ZQ>a H$a gHo$& Bg àH$ma Ho$ H$m¡eb nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {H$gr ^r àH$aU

‘| {dH${gV {H$¶o Om gH$Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma Ho$ Hw$N> H$m¡eb {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-1. ñd-àíZ H$aZm

2. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm

3. ñd-‘yë¶m§H$Z

7.6.1 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m AW©g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ AmboIr {MÌ àUmbr h¡, {Oggo gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ gh-

gå~ÝY H$m ~moY hmoVm h¡& gZ² 1960 Ho$ XeH$ ‘| Omogo’$ S>r. ZmodH$ Zo H$mZ}b

{díd{dÚmb¶ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ VH$ZrH$s H$m AÜ¶¶Z àmaå^ {H$¶m Wm&

CZH$m H$m¶© S>o{dS> Amgw~ob Ho$ A{YJ‘ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¢, {Og‘|

ZdrZ gåàË¶¶ grIZo Ho$ {bE nyd©kmZ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ~b {X¶m J¶m h¡& ZmodH$

Ho$ AZwgma AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ ‘| ZdrZ gåàË¶¶m| H$m AmË‘rH$aU VWm g§¶moOZ

CnpñWV g§kmZmË‘H$ aMZmAm§o ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡& ZmodH$ (1977, 1984) Zo

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$mo ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡, {Og‘| N>mÌ

àm¶mo{JH$ H$m¶© H$aVo hþE {d{^ÝZ gåàË¶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$a gHo$&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m Xmo Am¶m‘r AmboIr aoIm{MÌ h¡, Omo {d{^ÝZ

gåàË¶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY Omo‹S>Vm h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ boIm{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$mo àñVwV H$aZo H$s VH$ZrH$

h¡& kmZ aoIm{MÌ gåàË¶¶m| H$s ûm¥§IbmAm| ‘| J«pÝW¶m± VWm H${‹S>¶m± EH$b

AWdm Xmo {XemË‘H$ hmo gH$Vr h¡& gåàË¶¶m| Ed§ H${‹S>¶m| H$mo loÊrm~Õ {H$¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡, O¡g-ghMa, {d{eîQ> AWdm A{Z¶{‘V AWdm AñWm¶r Am{X&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ nyU© {dH${gV hmoZo na EH$ boIm{MÌ X¥í¶ h¡, Omo {H$gr

àH$aU AWdm {df¶ na g¥OZ H$aZo dmbo H$m {MÝVZ àñVwV H$aVm h¡&

{H$gr ì¶p³V Ûmam kmZ {H$g àH$ma g§J{R>V {H$¶m OmVm h¢, Eogr

pñW{V H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ‘m{Q>©Z (1994)

Ho$ AZwgma, g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ g§kmZmË‘H$ g§aMZm Ho$ {Û-Am¶m‘r {MÌU

h¢, Omo {H$gr {df¶ AWdm àH$aU Ho$ gåàË¶¶m| H$s loUr~ÕVm VWm AÝV…

gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢& ¶h àX{e©V H$aVo h¢ {H$ ì¶p³V {H$g àH$ma kmZ H$mo

g§J{R>V H$aVm h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE gåàË¶¶ A‘yV© YmaUmE±

h¢& Xÿgar Amoa g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h Kmo{fV H$aZo dmbo AmboIr {ZX}eZ h¢

{H$ H$moB© EH$b gåàË¶¶ Cgr loUr Ho$ AÝ¶ gåàË¶¶m| H$o gmW {H$g àH$ma

gå~pÝYV h¢ ?

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ, {OÝh| AmWu g¶wO Am¡a ‘mZg ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘|

ämr ‘mZm OmVm h¢, {ejmWu Ho$ gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ ~rM g§¶moOZm| Am¡a gå~ÝYm| Ho$

~moY H$mo AmaoIr¶ ê$n ‘| {Zê${nV H$aZo H$m EH$ VarH$m h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr {df¶ AWdm kmZ Ho$ joÌ Ho$ boIm{MÌr¶

‘mZ{MÌ h¢, {OZgo {d{^ÝZ gåàË¶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY Xem©¶m OmVm h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘w»¶ {dMmam| H$m X¥í¶ CXmhaU h¢& EH$ g§H$ënZm

‘mZ{MÌ {d{dY AYrZñW gån«Ë¶¶mo H$m AZwH«${‘H$ gå~ÝYr AYrZñW

(à‘wI,) gåàË¶¶m| go {XImVo h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ d¡¶p³VH$ N>mÌ Ûmam

a{MV kmZ H$s {dbjU g§aMZmE± h¢&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dMmam|/gåàË¶¶m| H$m gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢,

{Oggo g‘ñV gåàË¶¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW g‘J«Vm ‘| XoIZo ‘| gabVm ahVr h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{^ÝZ {dMmam| ‘| Ñí¶ {MÌ ñWm{nV H$aHo$ CZHo$

g§¶moOZ H$mo g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s VH$ZrH$ h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AmnH$mo -

1. {dMmam| ‘| g§¶moOZ XoIZo Ho$ {bE2. {dMmam| H$mo kmZ go Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE

3. {dMmam| H$mo Vm{H©$H$ T>§J go g§J{R>V H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$ {d{Y h¡&

‘mZ{MÌ EH$ JwÀN>o H$s Vah {XImB© XoVo h¢ Am¡a {dMmam| Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY

H$mo {XImVo h¢& ZmodH$ (1993) Ho$ AZwgma-















EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ dh {Û-Am¶m‘r gyMZm à{V{Z{Y h¡, Omo Xmo AWdm Xmo go

A{YH$ gåàË¶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImVo h¢&

O~ N>mÌ EH$ AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåàË¶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg kmZ go

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmVo h¢, Vmo do ZdrZ AÝVÑ©pîQ> àmá H$aVo h¢& ¶h {dMma

ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z àmá h¡& CZH$m ‘V h¡ {H$ N>mÌ Ed§

{ejH$ EH$ ZdrZ gh-gå~ÝY H$mo nhMmZVo h¢, Omo CÝhm§oZo nhbo Zht XoIm Wm&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ àË¶oH$ Am¶w Ho$ N>mÌ H$mo {gIm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡

Am¡a BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$r ¶mo½¶VmAm| O¡go {dMmam| H$m {Z¶‘Z Ed§ àñVwVrH$aU

‘§o d¥{Õ hmoVr (pñQ>H$, 1987) h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dkmZ, ^mfm {ejU ‘|

à¶moJ ‘| {b¶o J¶o h¢&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZm EH$ à{d{Y h¡, {Og‘| AmnHo$ A{YJ‘ Am¡a

~moY Ho$ {bE kmZ H$s d¥{Õ H$m g§JR>Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {H$gr

{df¶ ‘| EH$ {MÌ aoIm h¡, {Og‘| {dMmam| H$m g§JR>Z H$aZm Am¡a gh-gå~ÝY

{XImZm h¡&

7.6.2 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ³¶m| {dH${gV {H$¶o OmE?g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ EH$ àH$ma H$m kmZ {MÌU H$aZm h¡& Om°ZgZ VWm J«o~moñH$s

(1993) H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo EH$ {^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ kmZ Ho$

ê$n ‘| XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&

g§aMZmË‘H$ kmZ H$mo A{YH$Va EH$ àH$ma Ho$ gåàË¶¶ ‘mZ{MÌ ‘|

{M{ÌV {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo Ñí¶ ê$n go (ñnîQ>V¶m) Cg kmZ nj Ho$ {dMmam|

Ho$ gh-gå~ÝY H$m dU©Z H$aVo h¢& Bg àH$ma kmZ H$mo ñnîQ> ê$n go gåàË¶¶

‘mZ{MÌ Cg kmZ nj H$m D$nar Ñí¶ {XImVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ J«pÝW ‘mÌ g§Ho$V

eãX {XImVo h¢ Am¡a A{YH$ ì¶m»¶m Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&

g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ AZoH$ CÔoí¶mo§ Ho$ {bE à¶moJ ‘| bm¶o OmVo h¢-1. ZdrZ {dMma {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE&2. O{Q>b g§aMZmAm| H$r ê$naoIm ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE&3. O{Q>b {dMmam| Ho$ gåàofU Ho$ {bE&4. ZdrZ Ed§ nyd© kmZ H$mo EH$sH¥$V H$aHo$ ñnîQ>Vm go grIZo Ho$ {bE&

5. ~moY ‘| ghm¶Vm Ho$ {bE&

6. {dMma ^«mpÝV Ho$ {ZXmZ Ho$ {bE&

7.6.3 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ gmonmZao eoZoS>a Ho$ AZwgma h‘ g~ {H$gr Z {H$gr {dMma H$m ‘mZ{MÌ AnZo ‘pñVîH$

‘| CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢& O~ h‘mao ‘Z ‘| g§doXZm hmo, Vmo h‘ {dídmg‘V ~ZmZm

àmaå^ H$a XoVo h¢& ¶h {dH${gV {H$¶m hþAm ‘V h‘mam AnZm hmoVm h¡ VWm

^mfm Ûmam Cgo Xÿgam| Ho$ gmW ~m±Q>Vo h¢& Bg à{H«$¶m H$mo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$hm

J¶m h¡& ¶h ‘mÌ {dH${gV ‘V H$mo {Zê${nV H$aVm h¡, {Oggo h‘ Bgo A{YH$

AÀN>m g‘P gHo$ Am¡a à¶moJ ‘| bm gHo$&

EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ gånyU© {df¶ Ho$ {bE, EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ {bE

AWdm EH$ àH$aU Ho$ {bE {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ

{dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mobhZ Am¡a ³bmH©$ (1990) Zo AZoH$ gmonmZ ñnîQ>

{H$¶o h¢-

1. {Og {df¶ AWdm àH$aU na g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm

h¡, CgH$m ì¶mnH$ AÜ¶¶Z H$s{OE& Cg‘| go 10-15 gåàË¶¶m|

H$m M¶Z H$s{OE VWm CZ‘| go Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma (gåàË¶¶) H$mo

nhMm{Z¶o& ¶h Ho$ÝÐr¶ {dMma AÝ¶ gåàË¶¶m| go AW©nyU© T>§J go

gå~pÝYV h¡ AWm©V² gd©àW‘ g‘ñV gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ {b{I¶o&

CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU, amgm¶{ZH$ D$Om©, gm¡a D$Om©, hao

nm¡Yo H$m h[aV bdH$, àH$m{eH$ nX, Ob, hmBS´>moOZ, H$m~©Z S>mB

Am°³gmBS>, AàH$m{eH$ nX&

2. BZ gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ Abmdm ¶{X H$moB© {d{eîQ> VÏ¶ (CXmhaU), Omo

N>mÌm| Ho$ grIZo Ho$ {bE A{Zdm¶© h¡ Cgo ^r {b{IE&

3. M¶{ZV gåàË¶¶m| H$s Vm{bH$m ‘| go AYrZñW (à‘wI) gåàË¶¶

H$mo nhMmZo Am¡a g~go D$na {bIo& CXmhaU- àH$me g§íbofU&

4. AYrZñW gåàË¶¶ Ho$ ZrMo àW‘ ñVa Ho$ AYrZñW gåàË¶¶m| H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$ao& Bg ñVa na g§¶moOZ AWdm Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãX, O¡go- XoVm h¡, àH$ma, BZ‘| go h¡, H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am{X H$m à¶moJ H$ao, {OZgo à‘wI gåàË¶¶ Ed§ AYrññW gåàË¶¶m| ‘| Cn¶w³V gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$&

5. EH$ ~ma g‘mZ gåàË¶¶m| H$s nhMmZ hmoZo Ho$ ~mX AYrZñW gåàË¶¶m| H$mo ì¶dpñWV H$aZm àmaå^ H$a Xr{OE, Omo Bggo D$na Ho$ ñVa Ho$ gåàË¶¶m| go grYo Ow‹S>o hþE h¢& Bg àH$ma EH$ nXmZwH«$‘ ~ZmBE&

6. gåàË¶¶m| Ho$ Mmam| Amoa n[a{Y It{M¶o VWm g‘mZ, AYrZñW gåàË¶¶m| ‘| gh-gå~ÝY {XImZo Ho$ {bE AZwàñW aoImE± Ir§M|& BZH$mo Omo‹S>Zo dmbo eãXm| H$mo aoImAm| Ho$ D$na {bI {Oggo BZH$m gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$& ¶h gå~ÝY EH$ {gÕmÝV ~ZmVo h¢&

7. g‘ñV ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ Mmam| Amoa H$‘ go H$‘ Koao ~Zm¶o VWm ‘w»¶ AÜ¶¶Z {~ÝXþAm§o H$m gÝVwbZ ~Zm¶o aIo&

7.6.4 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| CâZo dmbo Hw$N> g§kmZmË‘H$ ñdê$n

1. emImE±

EH$ {dMma nmg Am¡a Xÿa Ho$ gå~pÝYV {dMmam| H$mo {‘bmZo Ho$ {bE AZoH$

emImAm§o ‘| {d^m{OV hmo gH$Vm h¡&

2. Vra Ho$ {ZemZ

{d{^ÝZ emImAm| go {dMma Omo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE Amn Vra Ho$ {ZemZ H$m à¶moJ H$a|Jo&

3. g‘yhrH$aU

¶{X H$B© emImE± gå~pÝYV {dMma h¢, Vmo Amn g‘ñV joÌ na Mmam| Amoa Jmobm

~ZmZm Mmh|Jo&

7.6.5 A{YJ‘ {ejU ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$m ‘hÎd Ed§ bm^

1. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam AW©nyU© A{YJ‘ gå^d h¡&2. {dkmZ ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ[MÌ {Z¶moOZ Am¡a {ejU Ho$ gmYZ h¢&






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3. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ àË¶mñ‘aU ‘| ghm¶H$ h¡&

4. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam N>mÌ ‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡&

5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m| H$m {ZXmZ hmoVm h¡&

6. {dkmZ AZwXoeZ gwYma ‘| g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Cn¶moJr h¡, A{YJ‘

{ejU ‘| BZHo$ Ûmam CÎm‘Vm AmVr h¡&

7. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam {d{eîQ> gåàË¶¶m| ‘| nmañn[aH$ gå~ÝYm|

Ho$ VH©$ AWdm H$maU OmZZo H$m Adga {‘bVm h¡&

8. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$jm ‘| AZwXoeZ H$mo {Xem XoVo h¢ Am¡a Cg g‘¶

¶h ‘mJ© ‘mZ{MÌ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&

9. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ N>mÌm| Ho$ Ü¶mZ H$mo Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo VWm {df¶ H$m

ì¶mnH$ ê$n XoIZo Ho$ {bE A{J«‘ ì¶dñWmnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| ‘mJ©Xe©Z

H$aVo h¢&

10. O~ {df¶ Ho$ M¶{ZV AÝVa gå~pÝYV gåàË¶¶m| na AmYm[aV nmR> ¶moOZm hmoVr h¢, Vmo g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Eogo nmR> {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢&

11. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ go grIZo na H$‘ go H$‘ {dMma ^«m{ÝV¶m± hmoVr h¢& ¶h gË¶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| ‘| {dMma ^«mpÝV Am‘ nmB© OmVr h¡ Am¡a EH$ ~ma ~ZZo Ho$ níMmV² bå~o g‘¶ VH$ ~Zr ahVr h¡& O~ N>mÌ kmZ g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Cg g‘¶ {dMma ^«mpÝV¶m± ~ZVr h¢, {OZH$m ‘w»¶ H$maU AnyU© kmZ VÏmm Ìw{Q>nyU© ì¶m»¶m AWdm JbV AZw^d H$aZm h¡&

12. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ûmam kmZ H$m bå~o g‘¶ VH$ R>hamd VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z gå^d h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {dH${gV H$aZm N>mÌ H$s kmZ pñW{V H$mo Xem©Vm h¡ VWm aoImAm| H$m ~ZmZm CgHo$ R>hamd Am¡a n[adV©Z H$mo ~VbmVm h¡& ¶h ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&

13. O~ N>mÌ AYrZñW gåàË¶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg Ho$ kmZ go EH$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ H$s g§aMZm H$aVo h¢, Vmo do EH$ ZdrZ AÝVÑpîQ> àmá H$aVo h¢& Bg AdYmaUm H$mo ZmodH$ Ed§ Jmo{dZ (1984) Ûmam g‘W©Z {X¶m J¶m h¡- N>mÌ Ed§ {ejH$ ¶h ñdrH$maVo h¢ {H$ g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ à{H«$¶m ‘| do gåàË¶¶mo§ ‘| CZ gå~ÝYm| H$mo XoIVo h¢, Omo nhbo H$^r

Zht XoIo&

14. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ~ZmZo go A{YJ‘ gab ~ZVm h¡ Ed§ ~moY {dH${gV H$aVm h¡& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ‘| nmR²>¶-gm‘J«r ‘pñVîH$ nQ>b na A§{H$V hmo OmVr h¡, Omo à^mdr ~moY H$m n[aMm¶H$ h¡&

7.6.6 g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ Ho$ CXmhaU¶h ‘mZm J¶m h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ‘pñVîH$ ‘§o VrZ {^ÝZ, {H$ÝVw gå~pÝYV gyMZm

à{d{Y ñVa h¢��g§doXr, AënH$mbrZ Ed§ XrK©H$mbrZ& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V XoIZo,

gwZZo Ed§ AÝ¶ kmZopÝÐ¶m| go àmá hmoVr h¢, Omo AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ^ÊS>ma ‘|

ñWmZmÝV[aV H$a Xr OmVr h¡& g§doXr ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J EH$ goH$ÊS> Ho$ {bE

¶mX ahVr h¡ VWm AënH$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V gyMZm bJ^J 30 goH$ÊS> VH$ VWm

XrK©H$mbrZ g‘¥{V Hw$N> {‘ZQ> Ho$ {bE AWdm OrdZ-n¶©ÝV àË¶mñ‘aU Ho$

{bE h¡& ‘w»¶ MwZm¡Vr h¡, ZdrZ kmZ H$mo {H$g àH$ma XrK©H$mbrZ ñ‘¥{V ‘| {b¶m

Om¶o Omo Am¡a ZdrZ kmZ A{YJ‘ H$m gabrH$aU H$a gHo$& ¶h gå^d h¡ ¶{X

ZdrZ kmZ H$mo M¡VÝ¶ go, nyd© kmZ go AWdm {dÚ‘mZ gåàË¶¶m| H$mo g§¶moOZm|

go Omo‹S> gH|$& ¶hm± ¶h OmZZm Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ gåàË¶¶ VWm g§¶moOZ ³¶m h¢

? gåàË¶¶ KQ>ZmAm| AWdm dñVwAm| ‘| EH$ gwì¶dpñWV {H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr

g§Ho$V AWdm àVrH$ go Cëbo{IV hmoVm h¡& g§¶moOZ AWdm ¶moOH$ eãX Xmo

AWdm A{YH$ gåàË¶¶m| ‘| EH$ {d{eîQ> gh-gå~ÝY h¡, O¡go- Kmg har h¡

Am{X& ¶{X gåàË¶¶m| ‘| AW©nyU© g§¶moOZ Ûmam gå~ÝY ñWm{nV hmo gHo$, Vmo

gåàË¶¶ AW© ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVo h¢, O¡go- S>r.EZ.E. ‘| AmZwd§{eH$ gyMZm h¡&

N>mÌm| H$m| gåàË¶¶ A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {d{Y Ûmam

gå^mdZmE± ~‹T>r h¢& g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ {gImZo hoVw-

1. gab gåàË¶¶ H$m M¶Z H$ao, O¡go-n¶m©daU&

2. à‘wI gåàË¶¶ Ho$ Amgnmg gm‘mÝ¶ gåàË¶¶ {bIo, O¡go-

gm‘m{OH$ n¶m©daU AWdm ~mYm dmbm n¶m©daU&

3. BZH$mo aoImAm| go Omo‹S>o Am¡a ¶moOH$ eãXm| go Zm‘m§{H$V H$ao, O¡go-¶h BgH$m EH$ ^mJ h¡ AWdm AÝ¶moÝ¶m{lV h¡&

4. Bg àH$ma N>mÌ {d{^ÝZ gåàË¶¶m| H$m AW©nyU© gå~ÝY XoI gH|$Jo&5. g§H$ënZm ‘mZ{MÌ ¶h àX{e©V H$aZo ‘| g‘W© h¡ {H$ {H$g àH$ma

A{YH$Va g{ÝZdoeZ, d[aîR> A{YJ‘ àJ{Verb {dôXrH$aU VWm g‘mH$bZmË‘H$ g‘mYmZ H$m¶© H$aVo h¢&

7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ~mbH$ ‘| BÀN>mAm| H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& ¶o BÀN>mE± {Zîà¶moOZ Zht hmoVr h¢& àË¶oH$

BÀN>m H$m H$moB© Z H$moB© bú¶ Adí¶ hmoVm h¡& h‘ AnZr BÀN>m H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE

Cg bú¶ ¶m CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm MmhVo h¢, {H$ÝVw AZoH$ ~mYmAm| Ho$ H$maU

g‘ñ¶m H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m n[a^m{fV H$aVo hþE ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$

g‘ñ¶m Cg n[apñW{V H$mo H$hVo h¢, {OgHo$ {bE ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ nmg nhbo go V¡¶ma

H$moB© à{H«$¶m Zht hmoVr& O~ h‘ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aHo$ bú¶ VH$

nhþ±M OmVo h¢, Vmo Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$hVo h¢&

AmBOoZH$ Ho$ ‘VmZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmmZ dh à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘|

àmW{‘H$ n[apñW{V¶m| (g§kmZmË‘H$) go àmaå^ H$a dm§pN>V bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZm

Ano{jV h¡& CÔrnZ pñW{V ‘| O~ àmUr AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aZo na ^r bú¶ VH$

Zht nhþ±M nmVm, Eogr pñW{V ‘§o ¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ àmUr gm‘mÝ¶

pñW{V ‘| Zht h¡&

lr ‘mWwa Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ àmá H$aZo H$m T>§J

¶m g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m, Omo Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb hr

g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo

{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm nhþ±MmVr h¡, hb

hr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$hbmVm h¡& g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| pñH$Za Zo

{bIm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr bú¶ H$s àm{á ‘| ~mYm S>mbVr àVrV

hmoVr H${R>ZmB¶m| na {dO¶ nmZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡& ¶h ~mYmAm| Ho$ ~mdOyX g‘§OZ

H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&

ñQ>mZbo J«o Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{Vê$n h¡, {OgHo$ ^rVa

g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ hmoVm h¡& A‘yV© BÀN>mAm| go CËnÝZ VZmd ì¶p³V

H$mo A{YH$V‘ à¶ËZ H$aZo H$mo ào[aV H$aVm h¡& ãboAa, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ















Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡ {H$ h‘ do {d{Y¶m± grIo, {OZHo$

Ûmam h‘ {d{dY àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&

AV… gma ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m ‘Vb~

Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ àmá H$aZm h¡, {OZHo$ à¶moJ go h‘ AmJm‘r OrdZ ‘|

AmZo dmbr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$a gHo$&

g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Omo AZw{H«$¶mE± hmoVr h¡, Cg‘| Hw$N> {deofVmE±

nm¶r OmVr h¢& AV… {deofVmAm| H$m dU©Z Om°ÝgZ Zo Bg àH$ma {H$¶m h¡-

1. àmUr H$m ì¶dhma bú¶ H$s Amoa hmoVm h¡ VWm Cg ì¶dhma ‘|

{ZaÝVaVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&

2. bú¶ àm{á Ho$ ~mX ì¶dhma ‘| {ZaÝVaVm g‘má hmo OmVr h¡&

3. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| àmUr {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡&

4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢&

5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ àmUr àW‘ ~ma A{YH$ g‘¶ boVm h¡ VWm nwZamd¥{Îm Ho$ g‘¶ H$‘ g‘¶ boVm h¡ VWm ¶h g‘¶ KQ>Vm Mbm OmVm h¡&

6. {MÝVZ H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> ê$n g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma h¡&

A{YJ‘ Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma ‘| ôX H$aVo hþE S>§H$Z Zo

~Vm¶m {H$ A{YJ‘ Aä¶mg Ed§ à~bZ Ho$ H$maU AZw{H«$¶m H$s XjVm ‘§o

d¥{Õ h¡, O~{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {H$gr O{Q>b pñW{V ‘| ghr AZw[H«$¶m H$m

Am{dîH$ma h¡& Bg àH$ma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ g¥OZmË‘H$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma h¡,

³¶m|{H$ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm àË¶oH$ A{YJ‘ ì¶dhma ‘| Zht {‘bVr h¡&

7.7.1 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ ñVag‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ Xmo ñVa H$ho Om gH$Vo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. gab ñVa

gab ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ, Cg g‘¶, {~Zm {H$gr àH$ma H$s

H${R>ZmB© Ho$ hmo OmVm h¡, O¡go J‘u bJZo na {~Obr H$m n§Im Imob XoZm Am¡a

CgH$s hdm ‘| ~¡R>Zm&

2. O{Q>b ñVa

O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m hb VmËH$m{bH$ ê$n go Zht hmoVm& BgHo$ hb

Ho$ {bE H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& O¡go- ‘éñWb ‘| qgMmB© H$s

g‘ñ¶m Eogr hr h¡& ‘éñWb ‘| Ob H$hm± go bm¶m Om¶o? ZXr {H$VZr Xÿa h¡?

³¶m dhm± go Zha bmB© Om gH$Vr h¡? Cg na {H$VZm ì¶¶ hmoJm? BË¶m{X

H$B© ~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ hr Bg O{Q>b ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m hb {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡&

7.7.2 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m±g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± h¡, {OZH$m dJuH$aU H$aVo g‘¶ pñH$Za

Zo ~Vm¶m h¡ {H$ Hw$N> {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ newAm| Ho$ Ûmam ‘w»¶V… hmoVm h¡ Am¡a

Hw$N> CÀM ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm dmbr {d{Y¶m± h¢, {OZH$m à¶moJ {MÝVZ Ed§ VH©$-

ep³V go gwgpÁOV ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& ¶hm± XmoZm| hr {d{Y¶m| H$m {ddaU

àñVwV h¡-

1. {~Zm grIo Ed§ AmXV Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {ZåZ H$mo{Q> Ho$ new Ed§ H$sQ>-nV§Jm| Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& ¶o AnZr Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© dmVmdaU go Z H$aHo$ ñd¶§ H$s OÝ‘OmV

àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$aVo h¢& Xÿgao eãXm| ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ¶o AnZr

BÀN>mAm| H$mo ¶mpÝÌH$ VarHo$ go nyam H$aVo h¢& new {H$gr ^r n[apñW{V ‘|

AnZr BÀN>m ny{V© Ho$ {bE {~Zm grIo {ZpíMV T>§J go AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo h¢, O¡go-

‘Yw‘³Ir H$mo moOZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ’y$bm| H$s gwJÝY Ho$ à{V CZH$s mdmË‘H$

à{V{H«$¶m Ûmam nyar hmoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma IVao go ~MZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm eÌw H$mo

S>§H$ ‘maH$a nyar hmoVr h¡, {Oggo A³ga ñd¶§ ‘Yw‘³Ir H$s ^r ‘¥Ë¶w hmo OmVr

h¡, {H$ÝVw H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ à{V Bg àH$ma H$s ghO {H«$¶mE± V~ VH$ g’$b Zht

hmoVr h¢, O~ VH$ H${R>ZmB¶m± gmYmaU hmoVr h¢& H${R>ZmB¶m| Ho$ O{Q>b hmoZo na

¶o ghO à{V{H«$¶mE± {d’$b hmo OmVr h¢& {~Zm grIo ì¶dhma go g‘ñ¶m H$m hb

{ZH$mbZm Om{V H$mo Or{dV aIZo H$s ÑpîQ> go Cn¶moJr h¡, {H$ÝVw ¶h Amdí¶H$

Zht h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV ê$n go ^r ¶h {d{Y Cn¶moJr hmo&

2. à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$

H$m {~ëbr na {H$¶m J¶m à¶moJ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& CgZo EH$ ^yIr {~ëbr H$mo EH$

{nÝOao ‘| ~ÝX H$a {X¶m Am¡a CgHo$ nmg ^moOZ go âr ßboQ> aI Xr& {~ëbr

{nÝOao Ho$ XadmOo go hmoH$a hr ~mha Am gH$Vr Wr, Omo {H$ EH$ añgr Ho$

ItMZo na hr Iwb gH$Vm Wm& Bg à¶moJ ‘| ^yI à¶moOZ Wm, {nÝOao Ho$

~mha aIr ßboQ> CgH$m bú¶ Wm Am¡a g‘ñ¶m H$m hb añgr ItMH$a XadmOm

ImobZm Wm& {~ëbr Zo ^moOZ àmá H$aZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go {nÝOao Ho$ ~mha {ZH$bZo

Ho$ g^r à¶mg {H$¶o& AH$ñ‘mV² CgHo$ nÝOo go añgr [I§M JB© Am¡a XadmOm

Iwb J¶m& g‘ñ¶m Ho$ hb hmoZo na CgZo ^moOZ àmá H$aHo$ AnZr BÀN>m nyar

H$s& Xÿgar ~ma {~ëbr H$mo nwZ… {nÝOao ‘| ¶h OmZZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ go ~ÝX {H$¶m

{H$ CgZo XadmOm ImobZm grI {b¶m ¶m Zht& Xÿgar ~ma CgZo nhbr dmbr

{H«$¶mAm| H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$s, bo{H$Z EH$ à¶mg H$aZo na XadmOm Imob {b¶m&

AÝV ‘| {~ëbr Zo {nÝOao ‘| OmVo hr añgr ItMH$a XadmOm Imob {b¶m Am¡a

~mha Am JB©& Bg à¶moJ go ñnîQ> hþAm {H$ OmZda à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> {d{Y go

g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ Ty>±‹T>Vo h¢&

3. AÝVÑpîQ> Ûmam g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

àm{U¶m| Ho$ Ûmam g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYZ Ho$ {bE AÝVÑpîQ> {d{Y H$m ^r à¶moJ {H$¶m

OmVm h¡& Bg VÏ¶ H$mo {gÕ H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$mohba Zo A’«$sH$m Ho$ npíM‘r VQ>

Ho$ {ZH$Q> EH$ Ûrn na {Mån¡pÝO¶m| na à¶moJ {H$¶m& Bg à¶moJ ‘| EH$ {nÝOao

H$s N>V go Ho$bo bQ>H$m¶o, Omo {Mån¡ÝOr H$s nhþ±M go nao Wo VWm Cg {nÝOao ‘|

Xmo ~³go ^r aIo J¶o& Ho$bo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Mån¡ÝOr Zo CZ ~³gm| H$mo EH$

Ho$ D$na EH$ aIH$a Am¡a CZ na M‹T>H$a Ho$bo àmá H$a {b¶o& Xÿgao à¶moJ ‘|

{nÝOao Ho$ ~mha Ho$bo aIo J¶o Am¡a {nÝOao ‘| {Mån¡ÝOr VWm Xmo N>‹S>m| H$mo aIm

J¶m& {Mån¡ÝOr Ho$bm| VH$ nhþ±MZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm ahm, {H$ÝVw Ho$bo àmá Zhr§

H$a gH$m& ~mX ‘| N>‹S>m| go IobVm ahm& AH$ñ‘mV² CgZo XmoZm§o N>‹S>m| H$mo Omo‹S>

{b¶m& BgHo$ ~mX CgZo Cg N>‹S> go Ho$bo ItMH$a àmá {H$¶o& H$mohba Zo H$hm

{H$ new gyP ¶m AÝVÑpîQ> Ho$ H$maU Ho$bo àmá H$a gH$m& BZ à¶moJm| go ñnîQ>






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hmoVm h¡ {H$ new à¶mg Ed§ Ìw{Q> AWdm gyP go g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aVm h¡&

BZ {d{Y¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ àmUr H$s ~w{Õ VWm bú¶ Am¡a gmYZhrZ gå~ÝYm| na

{Z^©a H$aVm h¡&

4. dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm {d{Y

Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ho$ Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd ‘| hr ^mfm H$m

Cn¶moJ H$aZo H$s j‘Vm {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ‘mZd ‘| hr ¶h ep³V hmoVr h¡ {H$

dh AnZo AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& BZ AVrV Ho$ AZw^dm|

Ho$ AmYma na CZ n[aUm‘m| H$m nyd© H$WZ H$a gH$Vm h¡, Omo A^r K{Q>V Zht

hþE h¢& dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ÑpîQ> go gånyU© gä¶Vm H$m

AmYma h¡& ^mfm ‘mZd Ho$ nmg Eogm ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgHo$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go

dh AnZo AZw^dm| H$mo AJbr nr‹T>r VH$ hñVmÝV[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& O~ ^mfm

H$mo ‘Z hr ‘Z ‘| ~mobH$a à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Vmo Bg AdñWm H$mo {MÝVZ

H$hVo h¢& pñH$Za Zo {bIm h¡ {H$ {MÝVZ H$m AW© h¡ {H$ dm³¶mË‘H$ ^mfm H$m

Cn¶moJ, Mmho dh ñnîQ> ê$n go ~mobr OmVr hmo, Mmho AñnîQ> ê$n go, Mmho ~mobr

hþB©, Mmho {b{IV Am¡a Mmho g§Ho$VmË‘H$&

5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y

AmO ‘mZd Zo BVZr ~m¡{ÕH$ àJ{V H$a br h¡ {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|

d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm h¡& d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘mZd Ûmam

d¡km{ZH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ gmW-gmW ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {b¶o

^r {H$¶m OmVm h¡& pñH$Za Zo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y Ho$ ~mao ‘| {bIm h¡ {H$ ¶h

EH$ Eogr à{H«$¶m h¡, {Ogo ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V H${R>Z Am¡a O{Q>b g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m

g‘mYmZ H$aVo hþE Cn¶moJ ‘| bmVo h¢&

S²>¶ydr Zo AnZr nwñVH$ How We Think ‘| gZ² 1911 ‘|

g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nXm| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m h¡& Bgr H$mo g‘ñ¶m

g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$hVo h¢& S²>¶ydr Zo AJ«{b{IV gmonmZm| H$m

CëboI {H$¶m h¡-1. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm - àW‘ gmonmZ g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo go

gå~pÝYV h¡& g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ~mbH$

AnZr BÀN>mAm| Ho$ à{V gMoV hmo& CgH$mo Bg ~mV H$m kmZ hmo {H$ BÀN>m ny{V© ‘| ³¶m H${R>ZmB¶m± h¢ ¶m hmo gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CZH$m g‘mYmZ ³¶m hmoJm? AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Bg ñVa na g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo

‘| ~mbH$m| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&

2. OmZH$mar ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m g§J«h - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m {ÛVr¶ gmonmZ Cg g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV gyMZmAm| ¶m XÎm gm‘J«r H$m g§J«h H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡& AZm‹S>r ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ

‘| VwaÝV OwQ> OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ~w{Õ‘mZ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘|

g§b½Z hmoZo go nyd© ¶h nVm bJmZo H$m à¶mg H$aoJm {H$ Bgr àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| Xÿgam| Zo ³¶m {H$¶m& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m go

gå~pÝYV àXÎm {H$gr Zo nhbo g§J«h {H$¶o hmo& ¶{X nhbo {H$gr Zo Omo Ìw{Q> H$s h¡, do kmV hmo Om¶o, Vmo CZgo$ ~Mm Om gH$Vm h¡,

{H$ÝVw g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZm gab H$m¶©

Zht h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo XÎm g§J«h ‘| ~mbH$m| H$mo gyMZmAm| Ho$ òmoVm| H$m AmboI aIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{h¶o, g§{já {ddaU

{bIZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE VWm nyao H$mJO H$s Anojm

H$mS²>©g na {ddaU {bIZo Ho$ {bE H$hZm Mm{hE&

3. gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| ¶m àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U - g‘ñ¶m go

gå~pÝYV àXÎmm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE

gå^m{dV Cnm¶ ‘pñVîH$ ‘| n¡Xm hmoVo h¢& BZH$mo hr àm³H$ënZmAm|

‘| {Zê${nV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& EH$ {d{eîQ> n[apñW{V Ho$

gå^m{dV n[aUm‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| H$moB© {gÕmÝV ¶m AZw‘mZ bJmZm hr

àm³H$ënZm H$hbmVr h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$

ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV

àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$s ewÕVm N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$

ñVa na {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ EH$ ~ma {ZYm©[aV

àm³H$ënZm ghr hmo& àm³H$ënZmAm| ‘| AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ ~mX n[adV©Z

^r {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ Ûmam N>mÌm| H$mo ñd¶§ AZw‘mZ bJmZo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m AmYma AZw^d hmoVo h¢&

4. àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m Mm¡Wm gmonmZ àmH$³ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo go gå~pÝYV h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³V nyd© {ZYm©[aV n[aUm‘m| H$s Om±M H$aVm h¡& ¶{X dh nyd© H$WZ ‘| Hw$N> Ìw{Q> H$s Amem H$aVm h¡, Vmo Eogr pñW{V ‘| dh nwZ… VÏ¶m| Ed§ gyMZmAm| H$m nwZJ©R>Z H$aHo$ ZdrZ àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U H$a gH$Vm h¡& àm³H$ënZmAm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z ~hþV Hw$N> ì¶p³V H$s ~w{Õ Am¡a Hw$N> g§J«h H$s JB© gyMZmAm| na {Z^©a H$aVm h¡&

5. {ZîH$fm] H$m {Zê$nU - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| nm±Mdm± gmonmZ {ZîH$fm] H$m {Zê$nU h¡& àm³H$ënZm H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Ed§ narjU H$aZo Ho$ ~mX ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s {d{Y¶m| go gå~pÝYV {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbVm h¡& Bg {ZîH$f© Ho$ ê$n ‘| dh ¶h AZw‘mZ bJmVm h¡ {H$ AZoH$ gå^m{dV {d{Y¶m| ‘| go H$m¡Z-gr {d{Y g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE Cn¶w³V hmoJr&

6. g‘mYmZ H$m à¶moJ- g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {Og hb H$mo {ZîH$f© Ho$ ê$n ‘| {ZH$mbm h¡, CgH$mo à¶moJ ‘| bmZo na hr gË¶Vm H$s ghr Om±M hmo gH$Vr h¡& à¶moJmË‘H$ àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m ‘| Vmo g‘mYmZ

H$mo H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV H$a {X¶m OmVm h¡, {H$ÝVw ‘mZ{gH$ g‘ñ¶m

Ho$ {ZîH$f© H$mo BVZr gabVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© ê$n ‘| n[a{UV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

7. gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$aZm- ~Zm©S>© Ho$ AZwgma g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m

ApÝV‘ gmonmZ àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU h¡, {H$ÝVw Am¡a CÀM VH©$

Ed§ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE EH$ Am¡a Z¶m gmonmZ gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$aZo go gå~pÝYV Omo‹S>m Om gH$Vm h¡& gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU emoY H$mo ì¶mnH$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ ê$n XoZo H$m à¶ËZ h¡& gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$aZo ‘| ¶o àíZ

ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vo h¢- AÝ¶ {H$g n[apñW{V Ho$ {bE àñVwV hb

Cn¶w³V àVrV hmoVm h¡? àXÎmm| H$m g§J«h H$aZo Ed§ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo H$s {d{Y AÝ¶ g‘ñ¶m ‘| H¡$go à¶moJ ‘| Am gH$Vr h¡? Om±M Ho$

n[aUm‘m| H$mo H¡$go g§{já ê$n ‘| àH$Q> {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?















d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$s AmbmoMZm

1. ¶h {d{Y à¶moJ ‘| A{YH$ bå~r hmoVr h¡&

2. BgHo$ {bE A{YH$ à{ejU Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡&

3. Bg‘| g‘¶ ^r A{YH$ bJVm h¡&

4. Bg {d{Y go ^r ^{dî¶dm{U¶m± A³ga JbV hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Jb{V¶m±

hmo OmVr h¢&

7.7.3 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| à{ejUh‘mao Xoe H$s {ejm àUmbr Ho$ AZoH$ Xmofm| ‘| go EH$ Xmof ¶h ^r h¡ {H$ ¶hm±

N>mÌm| H$mo g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| H$moB© à{ejU Zht {X¶m OmVm h¡& OZgmYmaU H$s

¶h ‘mÝ¶Vm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ BVZm n[an³d Am¡a AZw^dr

Zht hmoVm {H$ dh g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$a gHo$& BgHo$ {dnarV ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m|

H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ e¡edmdñWm go hr ~mbH$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| g§b½Z hmoVm h¡&

h‘mao ¶hm± Ho$ AÜ¶mnH$ ^r {ejU ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aZo go H$VamVo h¢,

³¶m|{H$ Bg‘| A{YH$ n[al‘ Am¡a {MÝVZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡& Hw$N> ^r

hmo, g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ {d{Y H$m ‘yë¶ AÜ¶mnZ H$s ÑpîQ> go Am¡a ~mbH$ Ho$

OrdZ H$s ÑpîQ> go ‘hÎdnyU© h¡& Bg {d{Y go {ejU amoMH$ ~ZVm h¡& ~mbH$

H$m mdr OrdZ AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶w³V hmoVm h¡& à{ejU ‘| A^md Ho$ H$maU

AZoH$ ì¶p³V g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ hmoZo na K~am OmVo h¢& AVEd ~mbH$ H$mo

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m à{ejU Adí¶ XoZm Mm{hE VWm BgHo$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$m|

H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ~mV| Ü¶mZ ‘| aIZr Mm{hE-

1. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ñVam| H$mo nhMmZZo H$m A{YJ‘

{H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$s CnpñW{V H$mo nhMmZZm H${R>Z h¡& Cg g‘ñ¶m H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z

H$aZm, CgHo$ ‘hÎd Am¡a O{Q>bVm H$mo nhMmZZm Am¡a ^r H${R>Z h¡& ~hþYm

AÜ¶mnH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶mE± CnpñWV H$aVo h¢, Omo ~mbH$m| H$s g‘P go CÀM

ñVa H$s hmoVr h¢ AWdm à¶moOZhrZ hmoVr h¢& n[aUm‘ ¶h hmoVm h¡ {H$ ~mbH$

Cg g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ H$s AmdíH$Vm hr AZw^d Zht H$aVm h¡& ~mbH$ CZ

g‘ñ¶m¶mAm| ‘| A{YH$ ê${M boVo h¢, {OZH$m VmËH$m{bH$ ‘yë¶ D±$Mm hmoVm

h¡& AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$mo nhMmZZo ‘| N>mÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&

pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ g’$b g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m Ho$ ‘hÎd

Am¡a CgHo$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ n[aUm‘ H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

¶h ¶mo½¶Vm Xmo VÎdm| na {Z^©a h¡- EH$ ~w{Õ VWm Xÿgao g‘mYmZ H$s j‘Vm

‘| à{ejU& AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$mo X¡{ZH$ OrdZ H$s

g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘§oo H${R>ZmB© Ho$ ñVa H$mo OmZZo H$s {ejm Xo& BgHo$ gmW hr nmR²>¶H«$‘

‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ em{‘b hmoZm Mm{hE&

2. VÏ¶m| Ho$ g§J«h dJuH$aU Ed§ {díbofU H$m A{YJ‘

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| VÏ¶m|, gyMZmAm|, AZw^dm| H$m {deof ‘hÎd h¡& N>mÌm| H$mo

VÏ¶m| Ho$ g§J«h H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$aZm é{MH$a H$m¶©

Zht h¡& Bg‘| g‘¶ Am¡a n[al‘ XmoZm| hr bJVo h¢& AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$

do N>mÌm| H$mo Bg H$m¶© hoVw Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m kmZ H$amE, {Oggo {H$ ¶h H$m¶©

é{MH$a hmo OmE& ~mbH$m| H$mo BZ gyMZmAm| H$mo Cn¶moJ ‘| bmZo H$s {d{Y ^r

{gImZr Mm{hE& VÏ¶m| Ho$ dJuH$aU H$aZo Ho$ T>§J Am¡a {díbofU H$aZo H$s

VH$ZrH$ H$s ^r {ejm XoZr Mm{hE&

3. {MÝVZ Am¡a VH©$ H$m à[ejU

g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ ‘| BZ XmoZm| ep³V¶m| H$m ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ hmoVm h¡& gyMZmE±

EH${ÌV H$aZo Ho$ ~mX CZH$m hb Ty>±‹T>Zo ‘| ³¶m ¶moJXmZ hmo gH$Vm h¡, ¶h VH©$

H$m {df¶ h¡& pñH$Za Zo g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ H$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$mo ~VmVo hþE BgH$mo

{gImZo na ~b {X¶m h¡&

4. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ

{H$gr ^r àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo H$s d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m kmZ

{ejH$ H$mo hmoZm Mm{hE& AÜ¶mnH$ Ûmam Bg {d{Y H$m kmZ Ed§ Aä¶mg ~mbH$m|

H$mo ^r H$admZm Mm{hE&

5. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ àË¶oH$ MaU na ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aZm

N>mÌ O~ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| ì¶ñV hmo, Vmo àË¶oH$ gmonmZ H$mo R>rH$ àH$ma

go gånm{XV H$aZo na AÜ¶mnH$ Ûmam nwañH$ma XoH$a CZH$mo CËgm{hV H$aZm

Mm{hE&

7.7.4 àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«rg‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVo g‘¶ new VWm ‘mZd XmoZm|

Ho$ {bE AbJ-AbJ àH$ma H$s àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

{OZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. newAm| Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r

newAm| Ho$ {bE {OZ àm¶mo{JH$ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo à¶moJ ‘| bm¶m OmVm h¡, CZH$m

dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-1. ~hþ{dH$ën g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m Cn¶moJ ~hþYm Myhm| Ûmam

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m OmVm h¡& Q>r Am¡a dmB© àH$ma H$s ^yb-^wb¡¶m H$m Cn¶moJ Bgr àH$ma H$s pñW[V ‘| hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| Myhm Xm{hZr AWdm ~m¶t Amoa ‘w‹S>H$a ^moOZ H$mo àmá H$a bú¶ H$s àm{á H$a boVm h¡&

2. nhobr noQ>r g‘ñ¶mE± - Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| EH$ Eogo ~³go H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡, {Og‘| go à¶moÁ¶m| H$m XadmOm ImobH$a ~mha OmZm n‹S>Vm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ~mha à¶moÁ¶ H$mo bú¶ ^moOZ hmoVm h¡& ~m°³g H$s

Xrdma| H$m±M H$s ~ZmB© OmVr h¢, {Oggo bú¶ {XImB© XoVm ahVm h¡&

~³go Ho$ XadmOo H$s IwbZo H$s à{H«$¶m ¶m MQ>IZr Ho$ X~mZo go ¶m à¶moJH$Vm© Ûmam {ZpíMV {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m {deof Ho$ H$aZo go hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| go ¶h OmZH$mar {‘bVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶

{H$gr àH$ma VWm {H$VZo g‘¶ ‘| ~mha {ZH$bH$a bú¶ H$s àm{á

H$a boVm h¡& Wm°Z©S>mBH$ VWm hm°Q>©Z Ho$ nhobr ~³go Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢&

3. AàË¶j nW g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ

dZ‘mZwf, ~ÝXa, Hw$Îmo VWm ~ÀMm| na {H$E JE h¢& Eogr g‘ñ¶mAm|

‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MmZo H$m ‘mJ© {N>nm ahVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {N>no bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo na nwañH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mE± - Myhm| na à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hÊQ>a Zo Bg àH$ma H$s Xþhar H«$‘mÝVaU g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo OÝ‘ {X¶m& Bg

àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE à¶moÁ¶ H$mo EH$






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H«$‘ {deof ‘| {XE JE ñVynm| H$m M³H$a bJmZm n‹S>Vm h¡&

5. nhobr-a{hV g‘ñ¶mE± - hm°~ hmCg Ho$ àm¶mo{JH$ AÜ¶¶Zm| go

Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶m H$mo OÝ‘ {‘bm& Bg‘| añgr {dôXZ, Xmo ¶m

A{YH$ N>{‹S>¶m VWm Zbr Am¡a N>‹S>r O¡gr nhobr a{hV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo

{Z{‘©V H$aHo$ à¶moÁ¶ go dm§{N>V H$m¶© H$am¶m OmVm h¡&

2. ‘mZd Ho$ {bE àm¶mo{JH$ gm‘J«r

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ joÌ Ho$ AÝVJ©V newAm| na {OZ g‘ñ¶m

nhobr H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m J¶m h¡, ‘mZd na CZgo {^ÝZ ê$n go gm‘J«r H$mo à¶moJ

‘| bm¶m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-

1. EZm J«måg - EZm J«måg nhobr ‘| eãXm| H$mo {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ ghr

eãX ~Zdm¶m OmVm h¢ O¡go- PALPE EH$ EZm J«måg h¡, {OgHo$

Ajam| H$mo ¶{X {VVa-{~Va H$ao, Vmo APPLE eãX ~Z OmVm h¡&

à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Eogo EZm J«måg H$s gyMr {‘bVr h¡, {Ogo dh gmW©H$ eãXm| ‘| {VVa-{~Va H$aHo$ nyar H$aVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Ûmam {b¶m J¶m g‘¶ VWm AnZmB© JB© à{H«$¶m g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$s n[aMm¶H$ h¡&

2. dm{MH$ nho{b¶m± - X¡{ZH$-OrdZ ‘| Eogr dm{MH$ nho{b¶m| H$m Cn¶moJ H$aVo hþE àm¶… Kam| ‘| XoIm OmVm h¡& BZH$m Cn¶moJ ‘Zmoa§OZ H$s ÑpîQ> go hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| {XE JE àíZ H$m hb {ZH$mbZm hmoVm h¡& eoH$br VWm OmoÝg Zo Bg àH$ma hr nho{b¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m h¡&

3. Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AWdm {M{ÌV CÔrnH$ gm‘J«r - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mE± à¶moÁ¶ Á¶m{‘Vr¶ AmH¥${V¶m| VWm {MÌm§o H$s ghm¶Vm go n[a^m{fV H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m àm¶mo{JH$ AÜ¶¶Z hm°db¡ÊS> Zo {H$¶m h¡&

4. {Z‘m©U g‘ñ¶mE± - Bg àH$ma H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| àË¶jnaH$ g§JR>Z VWm XjVm H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Hw$N> dñVwAm| H$s ghm¶Vm go {Z‘m©U H$aZm grIVm h¡& Bgr {Z‘m©U ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {Z{hV hmoVm h¡& eãX g‘ñ¶mE± Bgr dJ© Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVr h¢& eãX g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| eãXm| H$s ghm¶mVm go àË¶jnaH$ nwZJ©R>Z,

AÝV…Ñ©pîQ> g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| ~m¡{ÕH$ j‘Vm ì¶dhma VWm H$m¶© g‘mYmZ g‘ñ¶mAm| ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam H$m¶© g‘mYmZ ‘| {b¶m J¶m g‘¶ VWm {d{Y Ho$ AmYma na Hw$ebVm H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡& g’$b

ar{V go {H$¶m J¶m g‘mYmZ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$m g§Ho$V

XoVm h¡&

7.7.5 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo H$maH$

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ì¶dhma Ho$ à¶moJm| ‘| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {d{^ÝZ àH$ma Ho$ n[adVu

Ho$ à^md H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m h¡, {OZH$mo g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm|,

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| VWm g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| Ho$ AmYma

na à‘wI VrZ ^mJmo§ ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& BZH$m dU©Z {ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma go h¡-

1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s pñW{V H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYZ H$s pñW{V H$s Hw$N> {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| à‘wI

^y{‘H$m {Z^mVr h¡& O¡go g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma, g‘ñ¶m VWm g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m|

‘| g‘mZVm, g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z Am{X à‘wI h¡& BZH$mo {ZåZ

àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go AÜ¶¶Z H$aHo$ {gÕ {H$¶m J¶m h¡-

1. g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ AmH$ma H$m à^md

BgHo$$ AÝVJ©©V bJZo dmbo g‘¶ na n‹S>Vm h¡& àm¶mo{JH$ ar{V go

¶h ñnîQ> hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoJm,

CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& Zo‘mH©$ VWm d¡½Za Zo

‘mZd à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI EH$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$mo XoIm& à¶moÁ¶m|

H$mo ~hwV go {MÌm| ‘| go EH$ ‘mZH$ {MÌ Ho$ ~am~a {MÌ N>m±Q>Zo H$mo

{X¶m& ~hþV go {MÌm| H$s AmH¥${V H$mo ^r KQ>m¶m-~‹T>m¶m& bJZo dmbo

g‘¶ H$mo ZmoQ> H$aZo go ¶h à‘m{UV hþAm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m AmH$ma

g‘mYmZ ‘| bJZo dmbo g‘¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡& C³V à¶moJ ‘§o

¶h nm¶m J¶m {H$ {MÌm| H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoJr, g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr {dbå~ go hmoJm& H¡$nbmZ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ^r ¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg H$s g§»¶m {OVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, g‘mYmZ ‘| g‘¶ ^r CVZm hr bJVm h¡& BZ à¶moJm| go ¶h {ZîH$f© {ZH$bVm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m AmH$ma {OVZm ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡, CgH$m g‘mYmZ CVZm hr H${R>Z hmoVm h¡&

2. g‘ñ¶m Ed§ g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| g‘mZVm - ¶h ~mV ~‹S>r hr gabVm go n{aH$ënZm go {Z{‘©V H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m Ed§ g‘mYmZ pñW{V¶m| ‘| {OVZr A{YH$ g‘mZVm hmoJr, à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Cg pñW{V H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr nwZJ©R>Z H$‘ H$aZm n‹S>oJm Am¡a BgH$m ¶h à^md n‹S>oJm {H$ g‘ñ¶m H$m hb CVZm hr gab hmo OmEJm& S>m¡‘rZmoñH$s Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ Omo EZm J«måg Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ ~mX {ZH$mbo hþE h¡, ¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ EZm J«måg ‘| EH$ Aja H$m n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hb gdm©{YH$ gab hmoVm h¡&

3. g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V H$m g§JR>Z - g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V ‘| CnpñWV KQ>H$m| H$m gwg§JR>Z g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& g§J{R>V g‘ñ¶mE± g‘mYmZ H$mo gab ~ZmVr h¢ VWm Ag§J{R>V H${R>Z& Bgr

àH$ma Ho$ g§J{R>V VWm Ag§J{R>V EZm J«måg H$mo boH$a dmB{bZ VWm hmZ© Zo à¶moJmË‘H$ {ZîH$f© kmV {H$E h¢& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg H$m CXmhaU COLOUR h¡ VWm Ag§J{R>V H$m RLOUCO

h¡& g§J{R>V EZm J«måg go eãX ~ZmZo ‘| H$‘ g‘¶ bJVm h¡ VWm

Ag§J{R>V go A{YH$ g‘¶ bJVm h¡&

2. g‘mYmZ H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s àH¥${V ‘| O{Q>bVm hmo gH$Vr h¡& g‘mYmZ ‘| ¶{X MaU

A[YH$ h¢, Vmo g‘mYmZ AnojmH¥$V H${R>Z hmoJm& BgHo$ gmW hr {d{^ÝZ MaUm|

Ho$ gmW à¶moÁ¶ H$m n[a{MV hmoZm ^r EH$ AÝ¶ {deofVm h¡& BZH$m dU©Z

{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-1. g‘mYmZ H$s O{Q>bVm - ho¶og VWm AÝ¶ Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ¶h

{gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘mYmZ ‘| {OVZo MaU hmoVo h¢, g‘mYmZ H$aZo

‘| CVZr hr H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ ho¶og Zo Omgyg g‘ñ¶m VWm J¡½Zr Ed§ pñ‘W Zo {nam{‘S> nhobr na à¶moJ H$aHo$ ¶h

{gÕ {H$¶m {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| ‘| d¥{Õ Ho$ H$maU g‘ñ¶m















A{YH$ H${R>Z hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a Bgr H${R>ZmB© Ho$ H$maU g‘mYmZ ^r

{dbå~ go hmoVm h¡&

2. g‘mYmZ Ho$ MaUm| H$s gm‘mÝ¶Vm - g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶

n[a{MV CÔrnH$ g§Ho$V à¶moÁ¶ H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢& ¶h nyd©

n[aM¶ g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVm h¡ Am¡a Bgr gw{dYm Ho$ H$maU

g‘mYmZ gabVm go hmoVm h¡&

3. g‘mYmZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| H$m à^md

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s gå^mdZm g‘mYZH$Vm© H$s {deofVmAm| na ^r {Z^©a

H$aVr h¡& Bg‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ goQ> ‘hÎdnyU© {deofVmAm| Ho$

ê$n ‘| OmZo OmVo h¢& BZH$m dU©Z àñVwV h¡-

1. A{^àoaUm ñVa - ¶h ñnîQ> h¡ {H$ A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V hr H$m¶© H$aZo

H$mo V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUmË‘H$ d¥{Îm {MÝVm Ho$ hmoZo go {ZînmXZ ‘|

^r Ìw{Q>¶m± hmoVr h¢& EH$ H$m¶© ‘| Ag’$b hmo OmZo go ^r Xÿgao H$m¶© Ho$ {ZînmXZ na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶h {ZînmXZ Xþ~©b hmo OmVm h¡&

2. Aä¶mg AWdm nyU© AZw^d H$m à^md - ‘m¶a Ho$ à¶moJ n[aUm‘ ¶h {gÕ H$aVo h¢ {H$ g‘ñ¶mË‘H$ pñW{V Ho$ Mam| H$m nyd© AZw^d g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| bm^H$mar hmoVm h¡& ‘m¶a Zo Q>monr aIZo Ho$ {bE Iy±Q>r ~ZmZo H$s g‘ñ¶m VrZ g‘yhm| ‘| gm‘Zo aIr& àW‘ g‘yh Ho$ gå‘wI nyd© AZw^d dmbo Ma àË¶jrH$aU Ho$ {bE aIo JE, Xÿgao H$mo CZgo d§{MV aIm J¶m VWm Vrgam g‘yh nyd© AZw^d go a{hV& àm¶mo{JH$ n[aUm‘m| go kmV hþAm {H$ àW‘ g‘yh Ho$ n[aUm‘ {ÛVr¶ go VWm {ÛVr¶ Ho$ V¥Vr¶ g‘yh go AÀN>o Wo&

3. ‘mZ{gH$ goQ> H$m à^md - g‘mYmZ Ho$ g‘¶ {H$gr {deof àH$ma go AZw{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo goQ> H$hVo h¢& ¶h EH$ hr àH$ma H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$aVo ahZo Ho$ H$maU hmoVr h¡& Bg à^md H$mo dwS>dW© VWm íbmgdJ© Zo AÝYm H$aZo dmbm à^md H$hm h¡& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo EZm J«måg H$s ghm¶Vm go à¶moJ H$aHo$ goQ> Ho$ à^md H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$a ñnîQ> {H$¶m h¡& Bg goQ> Ho$ H$maU àË¶jrH$aU gå~ÝYr pñWaVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, Omo g‘mYmZ ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& bw{MÝg Zo Bgr

àH$ma Ho$ à¶moJ H$a goQ> Ho$ à^md H$mo à‘m{UV {H$¶m h¡&

7.7.6 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶mdmñVd ‘| XoIm Om¶o Vmo A{YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m hr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m

h¡& EH$ ‘| grIZo na ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡, Xÿgar ‘| g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ na& XmoZm|

hr pñW{V¶m| ‘| ì¶p³V AnZr {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$

gm‘Zo H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡& Bg CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á ‘| H$B© ~mYmE± hmoVr h¢&

~mYmAm| H$mo nma H$aHo$ CÔoí¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo ‘| Ohm± A{YJ‘ ¶m grIZm h¡, dhm±

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ^r h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo g‘ñ¶m H$s AZw^y{V hmoVr h¡, dh CgHo$

g‘mYmZ ‘| AnZr nyar ep³V bJm XoVm h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MVm

h¡ Am¡a O~ ì¶p³V AnZo {ZîH$f© H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡, V^r ¶h H$hm Om

gH$Vm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m nyar hþB© h¡&

{d{^ÝZ {dÛmZm| Zo g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {OZ gmonmZm| H$m CëboI

{H$¶m h¡, CZH$m dU©Z nhbo {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡& ãbo¶a, OmoÝg VWm {gångZ

Am¡a pñH$Za H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h Amdí¶H$ Zht {H$ BZ gmonmZm| go g‘ñ¶m

g‘mYmZ hmo hr& AVEd BZ na Amdí¶H$Vm go A{YH$ ~b XoZm C{MV Zht&

g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Vmo EH$ MH«$H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, {Og‘| EH$ àíZ H$mo hb

H$aVo Hw$N> Am¡a àíZ CËnÝZ hmo OmVo h¢& ¶h ~mV ì¶p³V Am¡a g‘yh XmoZm| na

hr bmJy hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo H$hm h¡ {H$ {dÚmb¶ H$m H$m¶© g‘ñ¶m

g‘mYmZ hr Zht, g‘ñ¶mE± CËnÝZ H$aZm ^r h¡&

7.7.7 g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Am¡a {ejm{dÚmb¶m| ‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| H$m Ü¶mZ aIm

OmZm Mm{hE-

1. g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| Ho$ gm‘Zo ì¶mdhm[aH$ g‘ñ¶mE±

aIr OmE&

2. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {H$¶m Om gHo$, Omo

‘hÎdnyU© hmo VWm {OgH$m gå~ÝY AmYw{ZH$ H$mb go hmo&3. g‘ñ¶m Eogr hmo, {Og‘| g‘ñ¶m-g‘mYmZ Ho$ g^r gmonmZ Am OmE&4. {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa, e¡{jH$ ñVa VWm nydm©Zw^dm| H$mo ÑpîQ>

‘| aIVo hþE g‘ñ¶m MwZr Om¶o&5. ewé-ewé ‘| Ho$db AmJ‘Z {d{Y H$m hr à¶moJ {H$¶m Om¶o& ~mX

‘| {ZJ‘Z VWm AmJ‘Z XmoZm| {d{Y¶m| H$m g§¶w³V à¶moJ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

6. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘o§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ {bE àíZmoÎma {d{Y, dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm VWm AÜ¶¶Z JmoîR>r Am{X H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om¶o&

7. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| AZwgÝYmZ H$s A{^d¥{Îm H$m, ‘Z H$s EH$mJ«Vm H$m, bJZ H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o, ³¶m|{H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ ‘| BZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¡&

8. g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZm, VÏ¶m| H$m g§J«h, CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {Z‘m©U, CZH$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z, {ZîH$f© VH$ nhþ±MZm, {ZîH$f© H$m à¶moJ Am{X ~mVm| H$m nyam nyam {ejU {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo {‘bZm Mm{hE&

9. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ {d{Y¶m| VWm ‘yë¶m| Am{X H$mo {d{^ÝZ n[apñW{V¶m|

‘| grIm OmZm Mm{hE&10. H«$mo VWm H«$mo Zo {ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ‘| H$hm h¡ {H$ g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s

ÑpîQ> go AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo d¡km{ZH$ {d{Y H$m à{ejU XoZm Mm{hE& V^r

do N>mÌ-N>mÌmAm| H$m C{MV ‘mJ©Xe©Z H$a gH|$Jo&

7.8 ImoOBgH$mo gm‘mÝ¶ ^mfm ‘| nyNVmN> H$aZm ^r H$hVo h¢& àm¶… XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$

N>moQ>o ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm à~b hmoVr h¡& BgH$m H$maU ¶h h¡

{H$ dh CgHo$ {bE BZ ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$mo OmZZo H$s Vrd« CËH$ÊR>m hmoVr h¡&

Bg{bE XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ àm¶… N>moQ>o ~mbH$ AnZo ‘mVm-{nVm, XmXm-XmXr go

AZoH$ àH$ma Ho$ ImoOnyU© àíZ nyN>Vo ahVo h¢& O¡go- am{Ì Ho$ g‘¶ ‘| Iwbo ‘|

~¡R>o hmoZo na MÝÐ‘m Am¡a Vmam| Ho$ ~mao ‘| AZ{JZV àíZ nyN>Vo h¢& Bg àH$ma

àíZm| H$s P‹S>r bJZo na CÎma XoVo-XoVo ‘mVm-{nVm ¶m Vmo Pw±Pbm OmVo h¢ ¶m

{’$a CZH$mo S>m±Q> XoVo h¢& Bggo ~mbH$m| H$s ImoO gå~ÝYr {Okmgm H$m X‘Z






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hmoVm h¡& ZdrZ AZw^d, ZdrZ kmZ, ZdrZ dñVwAm| H$m n[aM¶ ¶m OmZH$mar

àmá H$aZo H$s {Okmgm hr ~mbH$m| ‘| ImoO H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm H$mo OmJ«V² H$aVr

h¡& n[adma Ho$ gXñ¶ VWm {ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ Bg ImoO H$s àd¥{Îm H$m

bm^ Zht CR>mVo h¢&

ImoO A{YJ‘ H$s EH$ CÎm‘ {d{Y h¡, {Og‘| ~mbH$ ñd¶§ A{YJ‘ Ho$

{bE ào[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$mo ~mbH$m| H$s Bg àd¥{Îm H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm Mm{h¶o&

{ejH$ H$mo gX¡d ^moOZ nH$mH$a namogZo H$s àd¥{Îm go ~MZm Mm{hE& ImoO Ûmam

Omo kmZ Am¡a AZw^d A{O©V {H$E OmVo h¢, do A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoVo h¢&

ImoO {ejU H$m EH$ CnmJ‘ h¡& Bgo {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| {b¶m

OmVm h¡& {ejU à{V‘mZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| BgH$m {dH$mg gZ² 1962 ‘| [aMS>© gM‘¡Z

Zo {H$¶m Wm& {ejU H$m ¶h CnmJ‘ g¥OZmË‘H$ AZwgÝYmZ na AmYm[aV h¡& ¶h

CnmJ‘ N>mÌm| ‘| gm‘m{OH$ XjVmAm| H$m Bg àH$ma {dH$mg H$aVm h¡ {H$ Cggo

N>mÌ gw{dYmnyd©H$ g‘mO Ho$ gmW AnZm g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$a boVm h¡&

7.8.1 ImoO H$s ‘mÝ¶VmE±ImoO CnmJ‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘mÝ¶VmAm| na AmYm[aV h¡-

1. N>mÌ ZdrZ kmZ H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ Am¡a CËgwH$ hmoVm h¡&2. A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| N>mÌ H$s gh^m{JVm ~‹T>mZo Ho$ gmW A{YJ‘

à^mdr hmoVm OmEJm&3. ñdVÝÌ ImoO Ho$ Adga àXmZ H$aZo go A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| na

gH$mamË‘H$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&4. Amdí¶H$ {ZX}eZ d ghm¶Vm XoZo na N>mÌ A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$mo

gab, gwJ‘ Am¡a ì¶dpñWV H$a boVo h¢&5. gh¶moJ na AmYm[aV ImoO N>mÌm| Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ghm¶Vm

XoVr h¡&

7.8.2 ImoO H$s à{H«$¶mImoO CnmJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ CÔoí¶ N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ H$m¡ebm| H$m {dH$mg H$aZm

h¡, {Oggo do VÏ¶m| Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ImoO, {díbofU VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$a gH|$&

BgHo$ {bE N>mÌm| ‘| ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& ImoO

gå~ÝYr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE {ejH$ Am¡a N>mÌm| H$mo Mma ñVam| go JwOaZm n‹S>Vm h¡,

Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-1. g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ VWm n[a^mfrH$aU&2. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV VÏ¶m| H$m g§J«h H$aZm&

3. g§H${bV VÏ¶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZm&

4. VÏ¶ {díbofU Ho$ AmYma na A{YJ‘ n[apñW{V¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm&

7.8.3 ImoO Ho$ Cn¶moJImoO {d{Y ~‹S>r Cn¶moJr h¡& ImoO Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Cn¶moJ h¢-

1. N>mÌm| H$mo BgHo$ Ûmam AmË‘{Z^©a ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&

2. BgHo$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| H$m¶©-H$maU gå~ÝY g‘PZo ‘| ghm¶Vm {‘bVr h¡&

3. N>mÌm| ‘| d¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg gå^d h¡&

4. VÏ¶ EH${ÌV H$aZo H$s H$bm ‘| àdrU ~Zm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

5. VÏ¶m| H$m {díbofU H$aZo H$s {d{Y H$m {dH${gV hmoZm&

6. g‘ñ¶m go gå~pÝYV CnH$ënZmAm| H$m {dH$mg VWm CZH$s Om±M

H$aZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg hmoZm&

7. VÏ¶m| Ho$ AmYma na {ZîH$f© {ZH$mbZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm H$m {dH$mg&

******* AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©



h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535




àmá H$a gH|$&






















Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. {MÝVZ ‘| ........... em{‘b h¢-(1) à{V‘m, ^mfm, H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV

(2) à{V‘m, H$ënZm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV

(3) H$ënZm, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV

(4) à{V‘m, ^mfm, g§H$ënZm, à{Vk{ßV

2. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) VH©$Um (2) g‘ñ¶m

(3) gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU (4) ñ‘¥{V

3. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘w»¶ ê$n go ........... go gå~pÝYV h¡&(1) ‘m°S>qbJ

(2) AZwH$aU

(3) A{^gmar {MÝVZ

(4) Angmar (~hþ{dY) {MÝVZ

4. {MÝVZ A{Zdm¶© ê$n go h¡ EH$-(1) g§kmZmË‘H$ J{V{d{Y (2) ‘ZmoJ{VH$ à{H«$¶m

(3) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ n[aKQ>Zm (4) ^mdmË‘H$ ì¶dhma

5. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ gX¡d hmoVm h¡-(1) {dZmeH$mar (2) aMZmË‘H$

(3) A{^gmar (4) EH$ag

6. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| g~go H$‘ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) {MÌ (2) àVrH$ Ed§ {M•

(3) ‘m±gnoer¶ {H«$¶mE± (4) ^mfm

7. {MÝVZ H$s ÑpîQ> go {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| gd©loîR> {MÝVZ h¡-(1) H$ënZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ (2) àË¶jmË‘H$ {MÝVZ

(3) àË¶¶mË‘H$ {MÝVZ (4) Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ

8. g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ hmoVm h¡-(1) CÀM Angmar {MÝVZ (2) A{^gmar {MÝVZ

(3) ‘yë¶m§H$Z (4) ^mfm {dH$mg

9. {MÝVZ VWm VH©$ H$m CÔoí¶ h¡-(1) g‘ñ¶m H$mo O{Q>b ~ZmZm

(2) g§doJ H$mo g‘mßV H$aZm

(3) g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZm

(4) g§kmZ H$m AÝV H$aZm

10. Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m EH$ Amdí¶H$ A§J h¡?(1) gm‘mÝ¶ {ejm H$m (2) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$m

(3) gm‘wXm{¶H$ ‘m±J H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

11. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| ApÝV‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) VÏ¶ g§J«h (2) JûH$aU

(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M

12. aMZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| nhbr AdñWm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o go H$m¡Zgr h¡?(1) VÏ¶ g§J«h (2) JûH$aU

(3) ñ’w$Q>Z (4) Om±M

13. {dkmZ Am¡a J{UV ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$ZHo$ {~Zm gå^d

Zht h¡?(1) àË¶j (2) à{V‘m

(3) àVrH$ (4) {M• Am¡a gyÌ

14. dñVwAm| H$s AZwnpñW{V ‘§o CZHo$ {df¶ ‘| {MÝVZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go

{H$ggo hmoVm h¡?(1) àË¶j (2) à{V‘m

(3) gåàË¶j (4) àVrH$

15. ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| àW‘ gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go

H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) gd©OrddmX (2) gd©‘mZddmX

(3) ¶ÝÌdmX (4) ¶WmW©dmX

16. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ g~go A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© CnH$aU H$m¡Zgo

h¢?(1) àË¶j (2) à{V‘mE±

(3) gåàË¶j (4) gyÌ

17. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {MÝVZ Ho$ CnH$aU h¢-(1) àË¶j (2) à{V‘mE±

(3) gåàË¶j (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

18. à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ H$mo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m ‘mZm

h¡?(1) ‘yV© {MÝVZ (2) A‘yV© {MÝVZ

(3) 1 Ed§ 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht

19. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ^mfmhrZ Am¡a ^mfm¶w³V

{MÝVZ ‘| AÝVa {H$¶m h¡?(1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ‘wba$

(3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S>

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19.

(3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (2) (4) (1) (4) (4) (1) (3) (4) (2) (2)













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20. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {MÝVZ H$mo AmÝV[aH$ dmUr

H$hm h¡?(1) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ (2) ³bmH©$

(3) Wm°g©Z (4) h¡S>

21. ‘mZd ‘| {MÝVZ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| g~go nhbm g§àË¶¶ (Concept)

{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) Ah‘² H$m gåàË¶¶ (2) Xoe H$m gåàË¶¶

(3) H$mb H$m gåàË¶¶ (4) g§»¶m H$m gåàË¶¶

22. {MÝVZ H$m n[aUm‘ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU

(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd

23. {MÝVZ ‘| nhbm gmonmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) à¶ËZ Am¡a ^yb (2) {díbofU Am¡a g§íbofU

(3) AÝVÑ©pîQ> (4) g‘ñ¶m gwbPmd

24. {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI ê$n {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?(1) {dMma (2) gåàË¶j

(3) H$ënZm (4) VH©$

25. {MÝVZ H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m em{‘b h¡?(1) AÝVX©¥pîQ> (2) nyd©ÑpîQ>

(3) níMmVÑpîQ> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

26. {MÝVZ H$m bú¶ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?(1) AZwgÝYmZ (2) Am{dîH$ma

(3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht

27. {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Abmdm {ZåZ{b{IV g^r H$mo H$aVo hþE g‘ñ¶m

g‘mYmZ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE ‘OoXma ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&(1) O~ {dÚmWu go H$moB© H$m¶© H$amZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a aho hmo, Vmo CZgo

n[anyU©Vm H$s Anojm H$aZo

(2) ‘w³V AÝV dmbr gm‘J«r CnbãY H$amZo

(3) ‘w³V Iob Ho$ {bE g‘¶ XoZo

(4) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE Agr{‘V Adga CnbãY H$amZo

28. {MÝVZ Ho$ gyMZm àH«$‘U {gÕmÝV ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV MaU AmVo h¢-1. à{V{H«$¶m {H«$¶mÝd¶Z

2. à{V{H«$¶m M¶Z

3. nyd©-àH«$‘U

4. loUrH$aU

(1) 2,4,3,1 (2) 3,1,4,2

(3) 4,3,2,1 (4) 3,4,2,1

29. ~ÀMo Ûmam g§H$ënZm {Z‘m©U Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm

H$WZ ghr h¡?(1) g§H$ënZmE± g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go gwì¶dpñWV hmoVr h¢&

(2) g§H$ënZm {dH$mg H$s EH$ {ZpíMV g§aMZmË‘H$ ì¶dñWm hmoVr h¡&

(3) g§H$ënZmAm| H$s àH¥${V nXmZwH«${‘H$ Zht hmoVr h¡&

(4) g§H$ënZmE± d¡¶p³VH$ Zht hmoVr h¡&

30. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s d¡km{ZH$ nÕ{V H$m

nhbm MaU h¡?(1) àm³H$ënZm H$m {Z‘m©U H$aZm

(2) àm³H$ënZm H$m narjU H$aZm

(3) g‘ñ¶m Ho$ à{V OmJê$H$Vm

(4) àmg§{JH$ OmZH$mar H$mo EH$Ì H$aZm

31. {MÝVZ Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma H$s{OE-1. {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡&

2. {MÝVZ VH©$ àYmZ hmoVm h¡&

3. {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&

Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ gË¶ h¡/h¢?

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

32. {H$gr ~ÀMo Ho$ {MÝVZ ‘| Am¶w Ho$ ~‹T>Zo Ho$ gmW-gmW {H$gH$s

àYmZVm ~‹T>Vr h¡?(1) VH©$ H$s (2) gm‘mÝ¶rH$aU H$s

(3) AmË‘Ho$ÝÐrH$aU H$s (4) OrddmX H$s

33. {H$gr ~ÀMo ‘| {MÝVZ H$m à‘wI H$maU ³¶m h¡?1. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$aZm

2. {ZU©¶ boZo H$s ^mdZm

3. dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V M¡VÝ¶ g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo hoVw

(1) Ho$db 1 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) Ho$db 3 (4) ¶o g^r

34. {Jb’$moS>© Zo A{^gmar {MÝVZ nX H$m à¶moJ {H$gHo$ g‘mZ AW© ‘|

{H$¶m h¡?(1) ~w{Õ

(2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm

(3) ~w{Õ Ed§ g¥OZmË‘H$Vm


35. {n¶mOo H$s H$m¡Zgr AdñWm H$m gå~ÝY A‘yV© Ed§ Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ

go h¡?(1) g§doXr Jm‘H$ AdñWm (2) nyd© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

(3) A‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm (4) ‘yV© g§{H«$¶mË‘H$ AdñWm

20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35.

(1) (1) (4) (1) (4) (4) (3) (1) (4) (2) (3) (4) (1) (4) (2) (3)















36. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$s ¶mo½¶Vm CgHo$ g’$b OrdZ H$m ‘yb

AmYma h¡& ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) OrZ {n¶mOo H$m

(2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m

(3) habm°H$ H$m

(4) pñH$Za H$m

37. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m {MÝVZ H$s EH$ {deofVm Zht h¡?(1) {MÝVZ H$m gå~ÝY dmñV{dH$Vm go hmoVm h¡&

(2) {MÝVZ VH©$àYmZ hmoVm h¡&

(3) {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m hmoZm Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡&

(4) {MÝVZ H$ënZm go A{YH$ MoVZ hmoVm h¡&

38. ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ N>mÌm| ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$a

gH$Vm h¡-(1) N>mÌm| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m g‘mYmZ H$aHo$

(2) VH©$ Am¡a dmX-{ddmX H$s à{V¶mo{JVmAm| H$m Am¶moOZ H$aHo$

(3) N>mÌm| H$s ê${M¶m| H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

39. OÝ‘ Ho$ ~mX {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| {MÝVZ H$m {dH$mg H$~ àmaå^ hmoVm h¡?(1) Xmo df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX

(2) nm±M df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX

(3) gmV df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX

(4) nÝÐh df© H$s Am¶w Ho$ ~mX

40. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ a‘oe h‘oem AmnHo$ gmW VH©$ H$aVm hmo, Vmo

AmnH$s am¶ a‘oe Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m hmoJr?(1) a‘oe H$jm ‘| g~go A{YH$ ~mobZo dmbm N>mÌ h¡&

(2) a‘oe EH$ H$ënZmerb N>mÌ h¡&

(3) a‘oe EH$ {MÝVZerb N>mÌ h¡&

(4) a‘oe H$s nm[adm[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m°§ R>rH$ Zht h¡&

41. g¥OZmË‘H$Vm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶ h¡?(1) g¥OZmË‘H$ {MÝVZ ‘| EH$ gr‘m VH$ A{^gmar {MÝVZ ^r hmoVm h¡&

(2) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm EH$ bú¶ {ZX}{eV à{H«$¶m h¡&

(3) g¥OZmË‘H$Vm ‘| ì¶p³V Hw$N> Z¶r Ed§ {^ÝZ MrOm| H$s aMZm H$aVm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

42. Eb. Eg. dmBJmoËñH$s Ho$ AZwgma-(1) ^mfm Ed§ {MÝVZ EH$-Xÿgao go ñdVÝÌ ê$n go {dH${gV hmoVo h¢&

(2) ^mfm EH$ A{O©V ¶mo½¶Vm h¡&

(3) ^mfm {MÝVZ H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡&

(4) {MÝVZ ^mfm H$mo {ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡&

43. {Q>MZa H$s H$mZ}b à¶moJembm ‘| hþE à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV

ê$nm| ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘W©Z hþAm?(1) à{V‘mg{hV {MÝVZ (2) à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ

(3) 1 VWm 2 XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V H$moB© Zht

44. AnZr Xmo H$Ý¶mAm| na à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ H$m g‘W©Z {H$¶m?(1) B©. ~r. {Q>MZa (2) Eë’«o$S> {~Zo

(3) Or. B©. ‘wba (4) Oo. ~r. dmQ>gZ

45. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ ‘| {MÝVZ na nhbo à¶moJ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo {H$E?(1) Hw$ëno Zo (2) ‘m~} Zo

(3) ‘wba Zo (4) ‘oga Zo

46. D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ Zo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g àUmbr ‘| {MÝVZ H$mo

à{V‘mhrZ nm¶m?(1) {ZarjU (2) AÝVX©e©Z

(3) {díbofU (4) g§íbofU

47. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ {MÝVZ H$mo g§H${bV

à{H«$¶m ‘mZVm h¡?(1) ì¶dhmadmX (2) gmhM¶©dmX

(3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmX

48. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ho$ à¶moJm| go {MÝVZ ‘| {~å~ H$m

‘hÎd ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡?(1) dwÊQ> (2) dmQ>gZ

(3) ‘wba (4) ‘m~}

49. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ gåàXm¶ à{V‘mhrZ {MÝVZ

H$s nwpîQ> H$aVm h¡?(1) ì¶dhmadmXr (2) gmhM¶©dmXr

(3) D$O©~J© gåàXm¶ (4) J¡ñQ>mëQ>dmXr

50. {MÝVZ H$s g~go ~‹S>r nhMmZ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go ³¶m h¡?(1) {dMma (2) H$ënZm

(3) gåàË¶j (4) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ

51. ~ÀMm| ‘| grIZo Am¡a gwZZo Ho$ {bE A{YJ‘ ¶mo½¶ dmVmdaU Ho$ {bE

{ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z Cn¶w³V h¡?(1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo ¶h Ny>Q> XoZm {H$ ³¶m grIZm h¡ Am¡a H¡$go grIZm h¡

(2) EH$ bå~o g‘¶ Ho$ {bE [ZpîH«$¶ ê$n go gwZZm

(3) {ZaÝVa J¥hH$m¶© XoVo ahZm

(4) grIZo dmbo Ûmam ì¶p³VJV H$m¶© H$aZm

36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51.

(2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1)






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52. ~mbH$m| ‘| gmoMZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm g’$b OrdZ Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡& {ZåZ

‘o§ go ¶h ‘V {H$gH$m h¡?(1) {n¶mOo H$m (2) H«$mo Ed§ H«$mo H$m

(3) {ñH$Za H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m

53. ~ÀMo Ho$ gmoMZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| {H$g AmYma na gmoMZo H$mo g~go CÀM

‘mZm J¶m h¡?(1) ê${M Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm

(2) AZw^d Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm

(3) VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm

(4) AZwH$aU Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZm

54. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ Ho$ AmYma na gmoMZo H$s j‘Vm Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$

{bE Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¡-(1) ^mfm gåàofU ‘| {ZnwUVm

(2) Agr{‘V H$ënZm ep³V

(3) ~mbH$ Ho$ g‘j AZoH$ g‘ñ¶mE±

(4) CgH$s ~mobZo H$s J{V

55. h‘ H$aHo$ grIVo h¢& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm?(1) S>m°. ‘og Zo (2) ¶mo³‘ Zo

(3) H$mbg¡{ZH$ Zo (4) {gångZ Zo

56. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s à{H«$¶m H$m MaU Zht h¢-(1) n[aUm‘m| H$s Amem H$aZm

(2) g‘ñ¶m H$s nhMmZ

(3) g‘ñ¶m H$mo N>moQ>o {hñgm| ‘| ~m±Q>Zm

(4) gå^m{dV ¶wp³V¶m| H$mo ImoOZm

57. H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZo Ûmam {ZpíMV H$s JB© gdm}Îm‘ {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$aVm

h¡-(1) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE

(2) ñHy$b N>mo‹S>H$a ^mJ OmZo Ho$ {bE

(3) EH$ njr¶ {MÝVZ Ho$ {bE

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

58. O~ H$moB© ~ÀMm AnZr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ ñd¶§ H$aZo bJVm h¡, Vmo

Cg‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU {dH${gV hmo OmVm h¡?(1) d¡km{ZH$ AÝdofH$ H$m (2) à{VemoY H$m

(3) B©î¶m© H$m (4) g‘ñ¶m H$m

59. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| VH©$ VWm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s ep³V H$m {dH$mg

H$~ hmoVm h¡?(1) 15d| df© ‘| (2) 12d| df© ‘|

(3) 7d| df© ‘| (4) 8d| df© ‘|

60. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ dh à{V‘mZ h¡, {Og‘| Vm{H©$H$ {MÝVZ {Z{hV hmoVm

h¡& {ZåZ ‘| go ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m h¡?(1) ñQ>oZbo H$m (2) {ñH$Za H$m

(3) {n¶mOo H$m (4) nmdbm°d H$m

61. EH$ ~mbH$ Ûmam {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go

H$m¡Zgm JwU hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡?1. ^mfm H$m {dH$mg 2. ñdmdbå~r

3. ~ma-~ma à¶mg H$aZo H$s AmXV

(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) 2 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

62. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ gå^m{dV g‘mYmZm| H$m narjU H$hm± {H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) à¶moJembm ‘| (2) H$ht na ^r

(3) {dÚmb¶ ‘| (4) Ka na

63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof

{M• h¡?(1) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m hmoVm h¡&

(2) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&

(3) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mÝ¶V… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&

(4) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&

64. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$ {df¶ ‘| nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE H$‘

Cn¶moJr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {d{Y h¡-(1) à¶moJmË‘H$ {d{Y (2) {ZarjU {d{Y

(3) narjU {d{Y (4) d¡¶{³VH$ B{Vhmg {d{Y

65. {H$gr g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ hoVw Amdí¶H$ VÎd h¢-(1) OmZH$mar (2) VH©$

(3) AmH«$moe (4) ^¶

66. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ H$s AÝVÑ©pîQ> {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {H$gHo$ Ûmam

dZ‘mZwfm| na {H$E JE à¶moJ CëboIZr¶ h¢?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ûmam (2) H$mohba Ûmam

(3) pñH$Za Ûmam (4) OrZ {n¶mOo Ûmam

67. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo gmYZ gånÝZ hmoZm Mm{hE& BgH$m AW© h¡-(1) CZHo$ nmg n¶m©ßV YZ-gånXm hmoZr Mm{hE, Vm{H$ CÝh| {ejU XoZo H$s

Oê$aV Z n‹S>o&

(2) CZH$m A{YH$m[a¶m| Ho$ CÀM ñVa go gånH©$ hmoZm Mm{hE&

(3) CZH$mo AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZo H$m n¶m©ßV kmZ

hmoZm Mm{hE&

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM CZH$s à{g{Õ hmoZr Mm{hE&

52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(2) (3) (1) (1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (4) (2) (1) (3) (2) (2) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ

níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr

OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶


www.praganya.org

















68. EH$ {ejH$ Ho$ {bE g~go ‘hÎdnyU© ³¶m h¡?(1) H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZm

(2) H$jm ‘| g‘¶mZwdVu hmoZm

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s H${R>ZmB¶m| H$mo Xÿa H$aZm

(4) EH$ gwd³Vm hmoZm

69. g‘ñ¶m Ho$ AW© H$mo OmZZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm, dmVmdaU Ho$ Xmofm|, H${‘¶m| Ed§

[ap³V¶m| Ho$ à{V gOJVm {deofVm h¡?(1) à{V^membr ~mbH$m| H$s (2) gm‘mÝ¶ ~mbH$m| H$s

(3) g¥OZerb ~mbH$m| H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

70. g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ A{YJ‘ H$m àË¶j gå~ÝY h¡-(1) ñ‘¥{V ñVa go (2) Ad~moY ñVa go

(3) {MÝVZ ñVa go (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

71. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g go gå~pÝYV

h¡?(1) H$m¡Zgm {df¶ n‹T>m¶m Om ahm h¡?

(2) n‹T>m¶m Om ahm {df¶ {H$VZm amoMH$ h¡?

(3) N>mÌ H$jm ‘| H¡$go ~¡R>o h¢?

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

72. AZwemgZ H$s g‘ñ¶m Ho$ g‘mYmZ Ho$ {bE EH$ gwPmd ¶h ^r AÀN>m

h¡-(1) N>mÌm| H$mo Z¡{VH$ {ejm A{Zdm¶© ê$n go Xr OmE&

(2) N>mÌm| Ho$ AmMaU na ^r A§H$ {XE OmE±&

(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na ^mar XÊS> {X¶m OmE&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r&

73. N>mÌ g‘ñ¶m H$m g‘mYmZ gm‘y{hH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡-(1) AÝdofU {d{Y ‘| (2) n[a¶moOZm {d{Y ‘|

(3) ImoO {d{Y ‘| (4) BZ g^r ‘|

74. {ejU H$mo ~ohVa ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$-(1) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~ma-~ma Xmoham¶m OmE&

(2) J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&

(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àíZ nyN>Zo Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m OmE&

(4) N>mÌm| H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z Am¡a g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ gmW-gmW {H$¶m OmE&

75. {ejm Ho$ {H$g ñVa H$s g‘ñ¶m A{YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© h¡?(1) àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s (2) CÀM àmW{‘H$ ñVa H$s

(3) ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ ñVa H$s (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

76. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo H$m joÌ h¡?(1) ì¶mdgm{¶H$ (2) AmZw^{dH$

(3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) AmÜ¶mpË‘H$

77. A{YJ‘ à^mdembr ê$n ‘| hmoVm h¡, ¶{X-(1) ~ÀMo H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE VËna {H$¶m OmE&

(2) ~ÀMm, Omo dh grIVm h¡, Cgo XmohamE&

(3) ~ÀMm gÝVwîQ> AZw^d H$ao&

(4) ~ÀMm Cn¶w©³V g^r H$ao&

78. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ ~ÀMm {H$gr g‘ñ¶m H$mo g‘PZo H$m à¶mg H$a

ahm h¡& Amn Cg ~ÀMo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| ³¶m H$h|Jo?(1) ~ÀMm gm‘mÝ¶ gmoM dmbm h¡&

(2) ~ÀMo H$s ~w{ÕbpãY 70 go H$‘ h¡&

(3) ~ÀMo ‘| d¡km{ZH$ gmoM H$m {dH$mg hmo ahm h¡&

(4) ~ÀMo H$m ‘Z n‹T>mB© ‘| Z bJH$a BYa-CYa H$s ~mVm| ‘| bJm ahVm h¡&

79. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ CnmJ‘ H$m {deof

{M• h¡?(1) ghr CÎma àmßV H$aZo H$m gm‘mÝ¶V… EH$ CnmJ‘ hmoVm h¡&

(2) g‘ñ¶m Ho$db EH$ {gÕmÝV/àH$aU na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡&

(3) g‘ñ¶m H$WZ ‘| g§Ho$V AÝV{Z©{hV ê$n go {X¶m OmVm h¡&

(4) g‘ñ¶m ‘m¡{bH$ hmoVr h¡&

*******

68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79.

(3) (3) (3) (4) (1) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1) (3) (3)


aho h¢ Vmo Amngo {ZdoXZ h¡ {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV Whatsapp No. AnZr H$jm Ho$

ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ‘| Omo‹S>|& AJa AmnH$m ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n Zht ~Zm hþAm h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m

H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535






àJÊ¶ A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ n¥îR> 133



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AÜ¶m¶ 8

A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘

8.1 àñVmdZm{dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ {bE EH$ Eogr g‘ñ¶m h¡ {OgH$s Amoa

Ü¶mZ XoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AÜ¶mnH$ A{^àoaUm H$s

g‘ñ¶m H$mo EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© g‘ñ¶m g‘PVo h¢& àË¶oH$ ‘mZdr¶ H$m¶©

H$s Vh ‘| A{^àoaUm {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| {dÚ‘mZ ahVr h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘Zwî¶

{H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| Ame¶ ¶m ‘ZmoaW Ûmam {ZX}eZ àmá H$aVm h¡& OrdZ Ho$

ha joÌ ‘| VWm H$m¶moª Ho$ MaUm| ‘§o A{^àoaUm H$m à‘wI hmW hmoVm h¡ Bg{bE

h‘mao OrdZ ‘o§ g’$bVm H$s àm{á A{^àoaUm na hr {Z^©a H$aVr h¡& A{^àoaUm

H$mo grIZo H$m öX¶, grIZo H$s gwZhar g‹S>H$, A{Zdm¶© pñW{V Am¡a grIZo

H$m à‘wI H$maH$ H$hm OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ gmam grIZm ào[aV grIZm hmoVm h¡&

g‘w{MV A{^àoaUm {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V{~å~, Ü¶mZ, ê${M VWm à¶ËZ n¡Xm H$aHo$

grIZo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo CÝZV H$aVr h¡& grIZo H$m H$m¶© à^mdembr ¶m Hw$eb

VWm g’$b Zht hmo gH$Vm O~ VH$ {H$ {ZaÝVa ‘ZmoaW nyU© VWm M¶Z H$aZo

H$s H$mo{ee Z hmo& Bg{bE AÜ¶mnH$ H$s g‘ñ¶m ¶h h¡ {H$ dh BZ ‘ZmoaWm|

VWm é{M¶m| H$mo {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ho$ {bE ImoOo, {ZX}eZ H$ao VWm ‘ybYZ ‘|

~Xb Xo&

8.2 A{^àoaUm H$m AW©A{^àoaUm eãX H$s CËn{Îm b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ ‘moQ>‘ go hþB© h¡, {OgH$m AW© h¡

J{V H$aZm ¶m BÝgmBQ> Qw> Eo³eZ& AV… A{^àoaUm dh à{H«$¶m h¡ Omo H$‘© n¡Xm

H$aZo, CÝZ{V H$mo H$m¶‘ aIZo, H$m¶© Ho$ Z‘yZo H$mo {Z¶{‘V aIZo VWm {Xem

XoZo H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡& BgHo$ {bE ¶h eara ‘| VÝVwAm| ‘| e[³V Ûmam n[adV©Z

n¡Xm H$aVr h¡& ¶h {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| n‹T>mB© VWm AÝ¶ H$m¶moª Ho$ {bE ê${M n¡Xm H$aZo

VWm CZ‘| Omoe âZo H$s H$bm h¡&

àoaUm H$m AW© ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$ {bE h‘| BÀN>mAm| Am¡a àoaH$m| H$mo ñnîQ>

g‘PZm Amdí¶H$ h¡& O~ h‘| {H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm hmoVr h¡, Vmo h‘mao

AÝXa EH$ BÀN>m CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡, {OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n D$Om© CËnÝZ hmo OmVr

h¡, Omo àoaH$ e[³V H$mo J{Verb ~ZmVr h¡&

8.3 A{^àoaUm H$s n[a^mfmE±{d{^ÝZ [dÛmZm| Ûmam A{^àoaUm H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr JB© h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N>

n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h§¡-


{dÚmb¶ Ho$ grIZo ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m AW© Ano{jV ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV

H$aZm, Amaå^ H$aZm, Omar aIZm VWm {Xem àXmZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&


A{^àaoUm ì¶p³V H$s dh Xem h¡ Omo {H$gr {ZpíMV CÔoí¶ H$s ny{V© Ho$ {bE,

{ZpíMV ì¶dhma H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVr h¡&

3. JoQ²>g d AÝ¶ Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm àmUr Ho$ ^rVa H$s do emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Xem¶| h¢, Omo Cgo

{deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVr h¡&

4. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aZo, Omar aIZo VWm {Z¶{ÝÌV aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&

5. Om°ZgZ Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm gm‘mÝ¶ {H«$¶m H$bmnm| H$m à^md h¡, Omo àmUr Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo B§{JV Am¡a

{ZX}{eV H$aVr h¡&

6. ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm EH$ à{H«$¶m h¡ {Og‘| A{YJ‘ H$s AmÝV[aH$ ep³V¶m± ¶m Amdí¶H$VmE±

CgHo$ dmVmdaU ‘| {d{dY bú¶m| H$s Amoa {ZX}{eV hmoVr h¢&

7. bm°dob Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm EH$ Eogr ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ¶m AmÝV[aH$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo {H$gr Amdí¶H$Vm

H$s CnpñW{V ‘| CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& ¶h Eogr [H«$¶m H$s Amoa CÝ‘wI hmoVr h¡, Omo Cg

Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo g§VwîQ> H$aoJr&

8. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm H$moB© {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm Xem h¡, {Og‘| {H«$¶m H$mo Amaå^

H$aZo Ed§ ~Zm¶o aIZo H$s àH¥${V hmoVr h¡&

9. ~aZmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm Ûmam CZ {d{Y¶m| H$s ImoO H$s OmVr h¡ Omo ~mbH$ H$mo ñHy$b Ûmam àXÎm

A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE BÀNw>H$ ~ZmVr h¡&

10. ‘¡JmoM Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$ àmUr H$s H$moB© Xem h¡ Omo {XE J¶o H$m¶© Ho$ Aä¶mg H$s Amoa B§{JV H$aVr h¡

VWm Cg H$m¶© Ho$ gÝVmofàX g‘mnZ H$mo n[a^m{fV H$aVr h¡&

11. e¡’$a d AÝ¶ Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$s EH$ Eogr n«d¥{Îm h¡ Omo àUmoXZ Ûmam CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡ VWm

g‘m¶moOZ Ûmam g‘má hmoVr h¡&











n¥îR> 134 A{^àoaUm Ed§ A{YJ‘ àJÊ¶




12. nr. Q>r. ¶§J Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaU ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V H$aZo, {H«$¶m Ho$ {dH$mg H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Am¡a {H«$¶m Ho$

VarH$m| H$mo {Z¶{‘V H$aZo H$s à{H«$¶m h¡&

13. Ed[ab Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm H$m AW© h¡- gOrd à¶mg& ¶h H$ënZm H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVr h¡, ¶h

‘mZ{gH$ ep³V Jwá Am¡a AkmV òmoVm| H$mo OmJ«V Am¡a à¶w³V H$aVr h¡& ¶h öX¶ H$mo

ñnpÝXV H$aVr h¡ ¶h {ZíM¶, A{^bmfm Am¡a A{^àm¶ H$mo nyU©V¶m ‘w³V H$aVr h¡, ¶h

~mbH$ ‘| H$m¶© H$aZo, g’$b hmoZo Am¡a {dO¶ nmZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aVr h¡&

14. S>m°. nMm¡ar Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY CZ H$maH$m| go h¡ Omo ì¶p³V H$s {H«$¶m H$m ~b ~‹T>mVo h¢

¶m KQ>mVo h¢&

Cn¶w©³V n[a^mfmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aZo na {ZåZ{b{IV VÏ¶ ñnîQ>

hmoVo h¢-1. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo OmJ«V ¶m CÎmo{OV H$aVr h¡& ì¶dhma

H$m g§MmbZ àoaUm Ûmam hr hmoVm h¡&2. àoaUm ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa ep³V n[adV©Z go àmaå^ hmoVr h¡& A{YH$m§e

àoaH$m| Ho$ {b¶o CÎmaXm¶r ep³V n[adV©Zm| H$m dU©Z Zht [H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

3. àoaUm {H«$¶merbVm H$s ÚmoVH$ hmoVr h¡&4. àoaUm H$s A{^d¥{Îm ^mdmË‘H$ àXe©Z Ûmam hmoVr h¡& ^mdmË‘H$

OmJ«{V g§doJm| go Ow‹S>r hþB© h¡& AZoH$ ~ma ^mdmË‘H$ nj Jwá ahVm h¡&5. àoaUm gmYZ h¡, gmÜ¶ Zht& {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶h

EH$ gmYZ h¡& A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m ‘w»¶ Zht, ghm¶H$ A§J h¡&6. àoaUm EH$ ep³V h¡, Omo {H«$¶m H$mo àmaå^ H$aVr h¡ VWm {ZX}eZ

H$aVr h¡&7. àoaUm àmUr H$s AmÝV[aH$ pñW{V ¶m AdñWm h¡&8. àoaUm EH$ H$ënZmË‘H$ à{H«$¶m h¡, Omo ì¶dhma Ho$ {ZYm©aU go

gå~pÝYV hmoVr h¡&9. àoaUm na emar[aH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$, ~mø Ed§ AmÝV[aH$ n[apñW{V¶m|

H$m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡&

g§jon ‘|, h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ ì¶[³V H$s AmÝV[aH$ Xem H$s CnpñW{V

‘| O~ ì¶p³V H$moB© bú¶moÝ‘wI ì¶dhma H$aVm h¡, Vmo Cgo àoaUm H$hVo h¢&

8.4 A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo

{ZåZ{b{IV h¡-1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm

2. ~mø A{^àoaUm

1. AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm

AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s Amdí¶H$Vm

Zht hmoVr àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀN>m go {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s

A{^àoaUm ñd¶§ àmUr ‘| hr {Z{hV hmoVr h¡&

2. ~mø A{^àoaUm

Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ‘| {H$gr ^r AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ~mø CÔrnZ H$s

Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>Vr h¢& àmUr ñd¶§ AnZr BÀNm go {H$gr AZw{H«$¶m H$mo Zht H$aVm

h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ AÝVJ©V àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, à{VÛpÝXVm

Am{X AmVr h¡& ~mø A{^àoaUm H$m gå~ÝY {ZåZ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm|

go hmoVm h¡& Bg gÝX^© ‘| à¡gr, amo{~ÝgZ VWm hmoamo³g Ho$ {dMma {ZåZ h¡-

A{YJ‘ {d{Y Ho$ ê$n ‘| ~mø A{^àoaUm, AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm go {ZåZ H$mo{Q> H$s

hmoVr h¡&

8.4.1 ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$ma‘mñbmo Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo ‘w»¶V… Mma dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ

àH$ma h¡-

1. OÝ‘OmV àoaUm

Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm àmUr ‘| OÝ‘ go hr nmB© OmVr h¡& BgH$s gÝVwpîQ>

Ho$ A^md ‘| àmUr Or{dV Zht ah gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo h‘

eara O{ZV A{^àoaUm ¶m àmW{‘H$ A{^àoaUm r H$hVo h¡& OÝ‘OmV àoaH$m| ‘|

ß¶mg, ^yI, H$m‘, {dlm‘, ào‘, H«$moY, ‘b‘yÌ Ë¶mJZm Am{X AmVo h¢&

2. A{O©V àoaUm

Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³V, {ejm, ‘mZ{gH$ n[an³dVm Ed§ dmVmdaU

Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmH$a àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg àH$ma ¶h OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ Z hmoH$a

dmVmdaU Ho$ gånH©$ go nm¶r OmVr h¡&

3. ì¶p³VJV àoaUm

Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm, ì¶p³VJV AZw^d Ûmam àmá hmoVr h¡& Bg‘| ì¶p³VJV

{d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e…- AmXV, AmH$m§jm ñVa,

OrdZ bú¶, ‘X ì¶gZ, ê${M, ‘Zmod¥{Îm VWm AMoVZ A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¢&

4. gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm

Bg àH$ma H$s A{^àoaUm ì¶p³V H$mo gm‘m{OH$ ì¶dhma H$aZo H$s àoaUm XoVr

h¡& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V H«$‘e… gm‘y{hH$Vm, AmË‘ Jm¡ad, AmÜ¶m[Ë‘H$,$ gm‘m{OH$

gwajm Am{X AmVo h¢&

8.4.2 J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$maJ¡aoQ> Zo àoaUm H$mo VrZ àH$ma ‘§o dJuH¥$V {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-

1. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaUm2. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ A{^àoaUm

3. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaUm

8.4.3 Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm Ho$ àH$maWm°‘gZ Zo A{^àoaUm H$mo Xmo dJmoª ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡, Omo {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-






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1. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaUm

2. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaUm

8.5 A{^àoaUm Ho$ ñÌmoV ¶m MaUH$B© eãX Eogo h¢ Omo A{^àoaUm go {H$gr Z {H$gr AW© ‘| OwS>o hþE h¢& BZ eãXm|

H$m à¶moJ A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$B© ~ma hmoVm ahVm h¡, bo{H$Z BZ {d{^ÝZ

eãXm| H$m à¶moJ ^r {d{eîQ> hr hmoVm h¡& A{^àoaUm H$s g^r n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|

g^r eãXm| H$m à¶mg Zht {H$¶m OmVm& A{^àoaUm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| BZ eãXm| H$m

C{MV à¶moJ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CZ eãXm| H$mo d CZHo$ AWmoª H$mo g‘PZm ~hþV

Amdí¶H$ h¡ AÝ¶Wm A{^àoaUm H$s gånyU© à{H«$¶m H$mo g‘P nmZm H${R>Z hmo

OmVm h¡&

àoaUm Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV 4 òmoV h¢-1. Amdí¶H$VmE±2. MmbH$3. CÔrnZ4. àoaH$

1. Amdí¶H$VmE±

àË¶oH$ àmUr H$s Hw$N> AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ A^md ‘|

CgH$m ApñVËd Agå^d h¡, O¡go- Ob, dm¶w, ^moOZ Am{X& ¶{X CgH$s

H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© Zht hmoVr h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ímara ‘| VZmd Am¡a Ag§VwbZ

CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡ {Ogo ’$bñdê$n CgH$m {H«$¶merb hmoZm A{Zdm¶© hmo OmVm

h¡, O¡go- O~ àmUr H$mo ^yI bJVr h¡, V~ Cg‘| VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡,

{OgHo$ ’$bñdê$n dh ^moOZ H$s ImoO H$aZo Ho$ {bE {H«$¶merb hmo OmVm h¡&

O~ Cgo ^moOZ {‘b OmVm h¡¡, V~ CgH$s {H«$¶merbVm Am¡a CgHo$ gmW hr

CgHo$ emar[aH$ VZmd H$m AÝV hmo OmVm h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a§J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§

drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘o§ H$h gH$Vo h¡-

Amdí¶H$Vm, eara H$s H$moB© Oê$aV ¶m A^md h¡, {OgHo$ H$maU emar[aH$ AgÝVwbZ

¶m VZmd CËnÝZ hmo OmVm h¡, Bg VZmd ‘| Eogm ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm hmoVr

h¡ {Oggo Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbm AgÝVwbZ g‘má hmo OmVm h¡&

Bgr ~mV H$mo do Am¡a A{YH$ ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE H$hVo h¡-

Amdí¶H$VmE± àm{U¶m| Ho$ rVa H$m VZmd h¡, Omo Hw$N> CÔrnZm| (àmoËgmhZm|) ¶m bú¶m|

Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| àmUr Ho$ joÌ H$mo ì¶pñWV H$aZo ‘| àñVwV H$aVr h¡ Omo bú¶ àm{á hoVw {ZX}{eV

{H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡&

2. MmbH$

àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± CZgo gå~pÝYV MmbH$m| H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¢& CXmhaUmW©,

^moOZ àmUr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡& ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm Cg‘| ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘

XoVr h¡& Bgr àH$ma nmZr H$s Amdí¶H$Vm, ß¶mg-MmbH$ H$s CËn{Îm H$m H$maU

hmoVr h¡& MmbH$, àmUr H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$

{bE ào[aV H$aVm h¡, O¡go- yI-MmbH$ Cgo moOZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aVm

h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-

MmbH$, eara H$s EH$ AmÝV[aH$ {H«$¶m ¶m Xem h¡, Omo EH$ {deof àH$ma Ho$ ì¶dhma

Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$aVr h¡&

àoaH$m| H$mo AÝVZm}X AWdm MmbH$ ^r H$hVo h¢& àoaH$ {H«$¶m H$aZo H$s

ep³V ¶m D$Om h¡& S>o{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$ Am{X ep³V H$m ‘yb òmoV h¡ Omo ‘Z H$mo {H«$¶merb ~ZmVm h¡&

eo’$a VWm AÝ¶ Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$ EH$ gwÑ‹T> VWm AMb CÎmoOH$ h¡, Omo {H$gr g‘m¶moOH$ H$s AZw{H«$¶m H$s

‘m±J H$aVm h¡&

{hbJmS>© Ho$ AZwgma-

Cn¶w³V CÔrnZ H$s àm{á go AÝVZm}X H$s Vrd«Vm H$‘ hmo OmVr h¡ Am¡a ì¶[³V H$m

‘mZ{gH$ VZmd Xÿa hmo OmVm h¡&

3. CÔrnZ

{H$gr dñVw H$s Amdí¶H$Vm CËnÝZ hmoZo na CgH$mo nyU© H$aZo Ho$ {bE MmbH$

CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡& {Og dñVw go ¶h Amdí¶H$Vm nyU© hmoVr h¡, Cgo CÔrnZ H$hVo

h¢, O¡go- ^yI EH$ MmbH$ h¡, Am¡a ^yI-MmbH$ H$mo ^moOZ gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&

AV… ^yI-MmbH$ Ho$ {bE ^moOZ CÔrnZ h¡& Bgr àH$ma, H$m‘-MmbH$ H$m

CÔrnZ h¡- Xÿgao qbJ H$m ì¶p³V, ³¶m|{H$ Cgr go ¶h MmbH$ gÝVwîQ> hmoVm

h¡& AV… h‘ ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> Ed§ drëS> Ho$ eãXm| ‘| H$h gH$Vo h¢-

CÔrnZ H$s n[a^mfm Cg dñVw, pñW{V ¶m {H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo

ì¶dhma H$mo CÔrá, CËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&

Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ d CÔrnZ H$m gå~ÝY-

h‘Zo Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ Am¡a CÔrnZ Ho$ ~mao ‘| Omo Hw$N> {bIm h¡, Cggo

{gÕ hmo OmVm h¡ {H$ BZ VrZm| H$m EH$-Xÿgao go gå~ÝY h¡& Bg gå~ÝY H$mo

Amdí¶H$Vm MmbH$-CÔrnH$ gyÌ go ì¶³V H$aVo hþE {hbJmS>© Zo {bIm h¡-

Amdí¶H$Vm, MmbH$ H$mo OÝ‘ XoVr h¡& MmbH$ ~‹T>o hþE VZmd H$s {Xem h¡, Omo H$m¶©

Am¡a àmapå^H$ ì¶dhma H$s Amoa AJ«ga H$aVm h¡& CÔrnZ ~mø dmVmdaU H$s H$moB©

dñVw hmoVr h¡, Omo Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma {H«$¶m Ho$ Ûmam

MmbH$ H$mo H$‘ H$a XoVr h¡&

4. àoaH$

àoaH$m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V CÔrnZ Ho$ A{V[a³V MmbH$, VZmd, Amdí¶H$Vm Am{X

gpå‘{bV {H$¶o OmVo h¢& JoQ²>g d AÝ¶ Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$m| Ho$ {d{^ÝZ ñdê$n h¢ Am¡a BZH$mo {d{^ÝZ Zm‘m| go nwH$mam OmVm h¡, O¡go-

Amdí¶H$VmE±, BÀN>mE±, VZmd, ñdm^m{dH$ pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, A{^d¥{Îm¶m±,

ê${M¶m±, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am¡a Bgr àH$ma Ho$ AÝ¶ Zm‘&

àoaH$ ³¶m h¢? Bg gå~ÝY ‘o§ {dÛmZm| ‘§o n¶m©á ‘VôX h¢& Hw$N> BZH$mo

OÝ‘OmV ¶m A{O©V e[³V¶m± ‘mZVo h¢, Hw$N> BZH$mo ì¶[³V H$s emar[aH$ ¶m

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XemE± ‘mZVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> BZH$mo {ZpíMV {XemAm| ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo

H$s àd¥{Îm¶m± ‘mZVo h¡ na g^r {dÛmZ Bg ~mV go gh‘V h¢ {H$ àoaH$ ì¶[³V

H$mo {deof àH$ma H$s {H«$¶mAm| ¶m ì¶dhma H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÎmo{OV H$aVo h¢&

ãbo¶a, OmoÝg d {gångZ Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$ h‘mar AmYma^yV Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ hmoZo dmbr do ep³V¶m± h¢ Omo

ì¶dhma H$mo {Xem Am¡a CÔoí¶ àXmZ H$aVr h¢&















E{bg H«$mo Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaH$m| H$mo Eogr Am§V[aH$ XemE± ¶m ep³V¶m± ‘mZm Om gH$Vm h¡, Omo ì¶p³V H$mo

{ZpíMV bú¶m| H$s Amoa ào[aV H$aVr h¢&

{ZîH$f© ê$n ‘| h‘ H$h gH$Vo h¡ {H$ àoaH$ EH$ ì¶mnH$ eãX h¡ VWm

BgHo$ {d{^ÝZ ê$n h¢& àoaH$m| H$mo Amdí¶H$Vm, BÀN>m, VZmd, ñdm^m{dV

pñW{V¶m±, {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±, ê${M, ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ Am{X Zm‘m| go ^r nwH$mam

OmVm h¡& àoaH$ dmñVd ‘§o ì¶[³V H$mo CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$s Amoa bo OmVo h¢&

8.6 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVàoaUm Ho$ joÌ ‘| {gÕmÝVdmXr Hw$N> àíZm| na ~b XoVo h¢, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. à‘wI àoaUm VÝÌ ³¶m h¡ Am¡a dh VÝÌ {H$g àH$ma ào[aV H$aVm h¡?

2. {d{^ÝZ àoaUmE± nañna {H$g àH$ma gå~pÝYV h¢?3. ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| {H$g àH$ma nañna {H«$¶m à{V{H«$¶m hmoVr h¡ VWm

ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$, n¶m©daUr¶ VWm X¡{hH$ H$maU ³¶m ³¶m h¢?

BZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma ImoOZo go hr {d{^ÝZ {gÕmÝVm| Zo OÝ‘ {b¶m h¡,

{OZ‘| Ho$ Hw$N> à‘wI {gÕmÝVm| H$m g§jon ‘| dU©Z àñVwV h¢-

1. ‘¡H$Sy>Jb H$m ‘yb àd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV

BZHo$ AZwgma H$moB© ^r ì¶dhma ‘yb àd¥{Îm go ào[aV hmoZo na hr {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

2. AmZwd§{eH$s n¡Q>Z© {gÕmÝV

bm¡aoÝO Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ àoaUm AmZwd§{eH$ hmoVr h¡&

3. ‘Zmo{díbofU dmXr {gÕmÝV

¶h {gÕmÝV {gJ‘ÊS> ’$m¶S> Zo{S>¶m H$m h¡& BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma

H$mo AMoVZ àoaH$ à^m{dV H$aVm h¡, BÝhm|Zo ~Vm¶m {H$ ‘Z ‘| BX hmoVm h¡,

Omo AmZÝX MmhVm h¡ VWm Ah§ dmñV{dH$Vm Ho$ H$m¶© H$aVm h¡ VWm na‘ Ah§

AmXe©dmXr hmoVm h¡& Ah§, BX d na‘ Ah§ ‘| gÝVwbZ H$aVm h¡&

4. ‘mñbmo H$m Amdí¶H$Vm AZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV

BZHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$VmE± EH$ Ho$ ~mX EH$ nXmZwH«${‘H$ AdñWmAm|

‘§o nyU© hmoVr h¡& gd©àW‘ eara H$s Amdí¶H$Vm d CgHo$ ~mX gwajm H$s d

BgHo$ ~mX gm‘m{OH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± VWm gå‘mZ d AÝV ‘| AmË‘¶WmW©Vm H$s

Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© hmoVr h¡&

8.7 A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ àH$maA{^àoaH$m| H$m dJuH$aU H$B© àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma A{^àaH$m|

H$mo OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ VWm A{O©V A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& Wm°‘gZ

Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ VWm H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m

Om gH$Vm h¡& J¡aoQ> Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaH$m| H$mo O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

A{^àoaH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ g^r A{^àoaH$m|

H$m g§{já dU©Z {ZåZ àH$ma h¡-

1. OÝ‘OmV A[^àoaH$

OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ do A{^àoaH$ h¢, Omo ì¶p³V ‘| OÝ‘ go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go-

^yI, ß¶mg, {dlm‘, {ZÐm Am{X&

2. A{O©V A{^àoaH$

do àoaH$ {OÝh| àmUr AnZo à¶mgm| go àmá H$aVm h¡ A{O©V A{^àoaH$ H$hbmVo

h¢, O¡go- gm‘m{OH$Vm, ê${M, à{VîR>m Am{X&

3. ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$

ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ì¶p³V ‘| ñd^md go nm¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- IobZm, gwI

àmá H$aZm Am{X&

4. H¥${Ì‘ A{^àoaH$

¶o àoaH$ àmUr Ho$ H$m¶© AWdm ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo, àmoËgm{hV H$aZo

AWdm dm§{N>V {Xem XoZo Ho$ {bE ñdm^m{dH$ A{^àoaH$m| Ho$ nyaH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘|

à¶w³V {H$¶o OmVo h¢, O¡go- nwañH$ma, àe§gm, XÊS> Am{X&

5. O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$

O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ àmUr H$s O¡{dH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ ’$bñdê$n CËnÝZ hmoVo

h¢& BgHo$ AÝVJ©V àm¶… g§doJm| H$mo aIm OmVm h¡, O¡go- H«$moY, ^¶, ào‘ Am{X&

6. gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$

gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ gm‘m{OH$ ‘mÝ¶VmAm|, gå~ÝYm|, n[apñW[V¶m|, AmXemoª

Am{X Ho$ H$maU CËnÝZ hmoVo h¢, O¡go- à{VîR>m, gwajm, aMZmË‘H$Vm Am{X&

7. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$

{H$gr joÌ-{deof ‘§o A{YH$ go A{YH$ g’$bVm àm{á Ho$ {bE Cgr Ho$ AZwê$n

H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ hmoVr h¡& ‘Z, ’$Zm©ëS> H$o AZwgma-

CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ go VmËn¶© loîR>Vm H$m {deoîm ñVa àmá H$aZo go hmoVm h¡&

8. AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaH$

AZw‘moXZ H$s A{^àoaUm {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, do ì¶p³V Eogo H$m¶moª

H$mo H$aZm A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ {OZH$m H$aZo na AÝ¶ bmoJ CZHo$ H$m¶moª H$s

gamhZm d àe§gm H$a|& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡ {H$ do Omo H$m¶© H$a| AÝ¶

ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam Cgo ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmE& AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ûmam {H$gr ì¶dhma

{deof Ho$ à{V gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU aIZm hr AZw‘moXZ hmoVm h¡& {OZ ì¶p³V¶m|

‘| AZw‘moXZ àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ dh g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V ì¶dhma H$mo H$aZm

A{YH$ ngÝX H$aVo h¢ d H$B© ~ma AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| AWdm g‘yh Ho$ X~md ‘| AnZm

{ZU©¶ ~Xb XoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ gwPmd J«hUerbVm A{YH$ nm¶r OmVr h¡&






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Bg A{^àoaH$ H$s A{YH$Vm d¶ñH$m| H$s Anojm {H$emam| ‘| A{YH$ nm¶r

OmVr h¡& Eogm XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V AnZo AmË‘-gå‘mZ H$mo D$±Mm H$aZo H$s

BÀN>m go ^r Bg A{^àoaH$ H$mo AnZo AÝXa ~Zm¶o aIVo h¢ AWm©V² gm‘m{OH$

{Z¶‘m| Ho$ AZwê$n ì¶dhma H$aVo hþE XoIo OmVo h¢&

8.8 A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s {deofVmE±A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjU OmZZm AË¶mdí¶H$ h¡, Vm{H$ AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo

H$jm ‘o§ AnZr A{^àoaUm à{d{Y¶m| Ho$ à^md Am¡a CZH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m nyU©

Am¡a dmñV{dH$ kmZ hmo gHo$& ¶{X AÜ¶mnH$ A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ bjUm|

go n[a{MV Zht h¡, Vmo {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| AÜ¶mnH$

Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o g^r à¶ËZ ì¶W© Om gH$Vo h¢& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$

bjUm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z ^r A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ‘w»¶ bjU

{ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. Ü¶mZ Ho$pÝÐV hmoZm

A{^ào[aV ì¶p³V H$m Ü¶mZ EH$ hr ì¶p³V ¶m EH$ hr H$m¶© na Ho$pÝÐV ahVm

h¡& bú¶ àm{á H$m H$m¶© {dÚmWu Ho$ {bE gwJ‘ hmo OmVm h¡&

2. CËgwH$Vm

A{^àoaUm H$m à^md {dÚmWu H$s CËgwH$Vm Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoIm Om gH$Vm h¡&

A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$moB© ^r H$m¶© XoZo na ~‹S>r CËgwH$Vm go n[aUm‘ àmá H$aZo

Ho$ {bE Cg H$m¶© H$mo H$aoJm& CËgwH$Vmde dh H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha g‘¶

V¡¶ma ahVm h¡&

3. {ZaÝVaVm

A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma H$s EH$ {deoîmVm ¶h ^r hmoVr h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Cg H$m¶© ‘|

{ZaÝVaVm ~Zm¶o aIVm h¡& do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {ZaÝVa H$aVo ahVo h¢ O~ VH$ {H$

CZH$m bú¶ CÝh| àmá Zht hmo OmVm & ¶h CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$m hr à^md h¡&

4. Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V©

A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$s gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡,

My±{H$ Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$m gå~ÝY ^r {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘§o A{^àoaUm go

hmoVm h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ûmam Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm

{‘bVr h¡&

5. {H«$¶m-Ho$pÝÐV à{H«$¶m

A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma {H$gr Z {H$gr {H«$¶m H$mo OÝ‘ XoVm h¡& AV… A{^àoaUm Ûmam

CËnÝZ ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV aIZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡&

6. ~oM¡Zr H$m Xÿa hmoZm

Amdí¶H$Vm H$s ny{V© go ¶m bú¶ H$s àm{á na ì¶p³V Ho$ AÝXa CËnÝZ VZmd

¶m ~oM¡Zr H$‘ ¶m Xÿa hmo OmVr h¡& AV… A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma go H$moB© H$m¶© {H$¶m

OmE Vmo g§doJmË‘H$ nj {Z¶pÝÌV ahVm h¡&

7. ep³V g§MmbZ

A{^àoaUm Ho$ Xm¡amZ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| EH$ àH$ma H$s ep³V CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg ep³V

Ho$ g§MmbZ go H$moB© H$m¶© {~Zm WHo$ ¶m {~Zm ê$Ho$ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& ep³V

g§MmbZ Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$B©-H$B© KÊQ>m| VH$ bJmVma ì¶p³V H$m¶© H$aVo ahZo Ho$

{bE A{^ào[aV ahVm h¡&

8.9 A{^àoaUm H$s {d{Y¶m±{ejm{W©¶m| H$m {dÚmb¶ ‘| AmZm Bg ~mV H$r Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm h¡ {H$ do

grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV h¢, na {H$VZo A{YH$ AWdm H$‘, ¶h AbJ ~mV

h¡& CZH$s Bg A{^àoaUm Ho$ nrN>o H$moB© EH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡, Xmo

A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Xmo go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$ ^r hmo gH$Vo h¢& h‘

OmZVo h¢ {H$ grIZm ‘Zwî¶ H$s OÝ‘OmV àd¥{Îm h¡& hmo gH$Vm h¡ {H$ Hw$N>

{ejmWu AnZr Bg àH¥${V H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& h‘ OmZVo

h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ ‘| gm‘y{hH$Vm H$s ‘yb àd¥{Îm hmoVr h¡, hmo gH$Vm h¡ Hw$N> {ejmWu

Bg ‘yb àd¥{Îm H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE [dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& ¶h ^r hmo gH$Vm h¡

{H$ Hw$N> {ejmWu {‘Ìm| H$s g§JV Ho$ bmo^ go {dÚmb¶ AmVo hm|& Hw$N> {ejmWu

Iob-Hy$X gw{dYmAm| Ho$ H$maU ^r {dÚmb¶ Am gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> {ejm{W©¶m|

Ho$ {bE g‘mO ‘| n‹T>o-{bIo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m CÀM ñVa hmoZm CZH$s A{^àoaU H$m

AmYma hmo gH$Vm h¡& Hw$N> {ejmWu BZ‘| go {H$gr EH$ A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV

hmo gH$Vo h¡§ Am¡a Hw$N> EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go& H$moB© {ejmWu Mmho EH$

A{^àoaH$ go A{^ào[aV hmo Am¡a Mmho EH$ go A{YH$ A{^àoaH$m| go, dh {OVZm

A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoJm, grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m CVZr hr A{YH$ gwMmê$ ê$n go

MboJr Am¡a grIZm ^r CVZm hr A{YH$ ñWm¶r hmoJm& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo

Ho$ {bE nyÊm© ê$n go A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {dH${gV H$s

JB© Hw$N> à‘wI$ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb H$s Cn¶mo{JVm

Cn¶mo{JVm g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡& ¶{X {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo

¶h ñnîQ> H$a {X¶m OmE {H$ n‹T>m¶m OmZo dmbm {df¶ AWdm {gIm¶m OmZo

dmbm H$m¡eb CZHo$ OrdZ ‘| CZHo$ {bE {H$VZm Cn¶moJr h¡, Vmo {OVZm A{YH$

CÝh| CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm H$m Am^mg hmoJm, do grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$

A{^ào[aV hm|Jo&

2. n‹T>mE OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ à{ejU Ho$

CÔoí¶

{H$gr {df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb H$s OrdZ ‘| Cn¶mo{JVm Ho$ gmW {H$gr {XZ n‹T>mE

OmZo dmbo {df¶ AWdm {gImE OmZo dmbo H$m¡eb Ho$ CÔoí¶ Ed§ bú¶ r ñnîQ>

H$aZm Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡& ¶o àW‘ {d{Y go A{^ào[aV {ejm[W©¶m| H$mo grIZo

Ho$ {bE Am¡a A{YH$ A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIo OmZo dmbo kmZ

AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ grIZo Ho$ CÔoí¶ {OVZo A{YH$ ñnîQ> hmoVo h¢ do grIZo Ho$

{bE CVZo hr A[YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a CZH$s grIZo gå~ÝYr {H«$¶mE± ^r

CVZr hr A{YH$ CÔoí¶ b{jV hmoVr h¢&

3. {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa

Hw$N> {ejmWu Ho$db CÎmrU© hmoZo â H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> {ÛVr¶ loUr

‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s Am¡a Hw$N> àW‘ loUr ‘| CÎmrU© hmoZo H$s& Bgr àH$ma Hw$N>

{ejmWu N>moQ>o-‘moQ>o ì¶dgm¶ H$mo àmá H$aZo H$s AmH$m§jm aIVo h¢, Hw$N> H$s















AmH$m§jmE± Bggo A{YH$ hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$s AmH$m§jmE± Vmo Amg‘mZ H$mo Ny>Vr

h¢& ¶h XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ {OZ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa {OVZm A[YH$

D$±Mm hmoVm h¡ do VËgå~ÝYr kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb grIZo Ho$ {bE CVZo hr A{YH$

A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢& gm’$ Om{ha h¡ {H$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$m AmH$m§jm ñVa CR>mH$a h‘

CZH$s A{^àoaUm ‘| d¥{Õ H$a gH$Vo h¢&

4. {ejm[W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmE±

{H$gr {df¶ H$m kmZ Ed§ H$m¡eb H$m {ejU Ed§ à{ejU AnZo ‘| {H$VZm ^r

Cn¶moJr ³¶m| Z hmo, bo{H$Z ¶{X dh {ejm{W©¶m| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ>

Zht H$aVm Vmo {ejmWu Cgo grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV Zht hmoVo& {ejm{W©¶m|

H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ hmoVm h¡ {H$ {gImE OmZo dmbo kmZ

AWdm H$m¡eb H$m gå~ÝY CZH$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go Omo‹S>m OmE& N>mÌm| H$s

{df¶ AWdm H$m¡eb Ho$ à{V A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s ¶h CÎm‘ {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr

h¡, Am¡a dmñVd ‘§o hmoVr ^r h¡&

5. H$jm H$m dmVmdaU

H$jm H$m dmVmdaU ^r {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo ‘| A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©

H$aVm h¡& gwÝXa H$j, ewÕ hdm, n¶m©á àH$me, emÝV dmVmdaU, {ejH$-

{ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ~rM Ho$ gå~ÝY Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Amng Ho$ gå~ÝY, BZ g~go

H$jm H$m dmVmdaU V¡¶ma hmoVm h¡& {Og H$jm ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE {OVZm AÀN>m

dmVmdaU hmoVm h¡ Cg H$jm Ho$ {ejmWu CVZo hr A{YH$ A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢&

6. {ejH$ H$m ì¶dhma

{ejH$ H$m {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ à{V AmË‘^md EH$ AMyH$ am‘~mU hmoVm h¡& dh

AnZo ào‘, ghmZw^y{V Ed§ gh¶moJnyU© ì¶dhma go {ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm H$mo

gabVm go ~‹T>m gH$Vm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© dh N>mÌm| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m gå‘mZ H$aHo$,

CÝh| A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ ñdVÝÌ Adga àXmZ H$aHo$ Am¡a CZH$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m

VwaÝV hb H$aHo$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&

7. àe§gm Ed§ {ZÝXm

Bg gÝX^© ‘| {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Zm| go Xmo VÏ¶ COmJa hþE& àW‘

¶h {H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE àe§gm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©

H$aVr h¡ Am¡a N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE {ZÝXm AÀN>o A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¡

Am¡a Xÿgam ¶h {H$ {ZÝXm H$s Anojm àe§gm A{YH$ AÀN>m A{^àoaH$ hmoVm

h¡& ¶h H$m¶© {ejH$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ghr AZw{H«$¶m Ho$ {bE ß¶ma Ed§ ‘wñH$mZ

âr ñdrH¥${V Ed§ gwÝXa, ~hþV R>rH$ Am{X eãXm| Ho$ Ûmam H$a gH$Vo h¢& JbV

AZw{H«$¶m na {ZÝXm Ho$ ñWmZ na gh¶moJ A{YH$ CÎm‘ A{^àoaH$ hmoVm h¡&

¶{X H$moB© {ejmWu ~ma-~ma JbV AZw{H«$¶m H$ao Vmo ^r CgH$s {ZÝXm, ào‘ Ed§

ghmZw^y{V Ho$ gmW H$aZr Mm{hE&

8. à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm

H$^r-H$^r ñnYm© AmYm[aV à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm ^r AÀN>o A{^àoaH$

H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢& ¶h à{VÛpÝÛVm ì¶p³VJV Ho$ ñWmZ na gm‘y{hH$ ñVa na

A{YH$ à^mdembr hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VJV à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm, Ohm± AÀN>o

A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVr h¢ dhm± {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Ûof H$s mdZm r CËnÝZ H$aVr

h¢, naÝVw gm‘y{hH$ à{VÛpÝÛVm Ed§ à{V¶mo{JVm {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo AnZo g‘yh H$mo

{dO¶lr {XbmZo hoVw A{YH$ l‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVr h¡& {ejH$m|

H$mo à{VÛpÝÛVm Am¡a à{V¶mo{JVm H$m Cn¶moJ ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go H$aZm Mm{hE&

9. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS>

Bg gÝX^© ‘§o {H$E JE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÜ¶¶Zm| ‘| nm¶m J¶m {H$ {Og g‘yh

H$s àe§gm H$s JB© CgH$s {Zîn{Îm Cg g‘yh go A{YH$ Wr {OgH$s AmbmoMZm

H$s JB© Wr Am¡a {Ogo {Z¶ÝÌU ‘| aIm J¶m Wm& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ñnîQ> {H$¶m

{H$ nwañH$ma N>mÌm|o ‘| gÝVmof CËnÝZ H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b ~‹T>mVm h¡,

{Oggo do grIZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV ahVo h¢ Am¡a XÊS> N>mÌm| ‘| IrO CËnÝZ

H$aVm h¡ Am¡a CZH$m ‘Zmo~b {JamVm h¡ {Oggo N>mÌm| H$m grIZo ‘| ‘Z Zht

bJVm, naÝVw nwañH$ma ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go XoZm Mm{hE& H$ht Eogm Z hmo {H$

N>mÌ ‘yb CÔoí¶ go ^Q>H$ OmE± Am¡a nwañH$ma nmZm hr CZH$m CÔoí¶ hmo OmE&

nwañH$ma N>mÌm| H$s {deof g’$bVm na hr XoZm Mm{hE Am¡a VwaÝV XoZm Mm{hE

Am¡a àe§gm, à‘mU-nÌ AWdm nXH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘§o XoZm Mm{hE& Hw$N> n[apñW{V¶m|

‘| ~ÀMm§o H$mo XÊS> XoZm A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, O¡go- CÝh| AÝ¶Wm

AmMaU go amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE {XE OmZo dmbm XÊS>, naÝVw XÊS> ~‹S>r gmdYmZr go

XoZm Mm{hE& H«$moY H$s pñW{V ‘| XÊS> XoZm hm{ZH$maH$ hmoVm h¡& Bggo {ejmWu

A{^ào[aV hmoZo Ho$ ñWmZ na nbm¶Z H$a OmVo h¢&

10. g’$bVm H$m kmZ

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñH$sZa Zo AnZo à¶moJm| ‘| nm¶m {H$ ¶{X grIZo dmbo H$mo AnZr

g’$bVm H$m kmZ VwaÝV H$am {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh CgHo$ {bE A{^àoaH$ H$m H$m¶©

H$aVm h¡, dh Cggo AmJo Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ CËgmh go H$aVm h¡& ñH$sZa

Zo Bgo nwZ~©bZ H$s g§km Xr& CÝhmo§Zo {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ Bg àH$ma Ho$ nwZ~©bZ XoZo

hoVw A{^H«${‘V AÜ¶¶Z H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m&

11. Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ

{ejH$ Cn¶w³VV‘ {ejU {d{Y dh hmoVr h¡ {Og‘| N>mÌm| H$s é{M hmoVr h¡

Am¡a {OgHo$ Ûmam do erK« grIVo h¢& erK« g’$bVm go nwZ~©bZ {‘bVm h¡,

grIZo dmbo A{^ào[aV hmoVo h¢ Am¡a grIZo H$s {H«$¶m H$mo Am¡a A{YH$ J{V

àXmZ hmoVr h¡&

{ejm{W©¶m| H$s A{^àoaUm ~‹T>mZo H$s Am¡a ^r AZoH$ {d{Y¶m± hmo gH$Vr

h¢& {ejH$m| H$mo {H$gr ^r {d{Y H$m M¶Z {ejm{W©¶m|§ H$s Am¶w, n[an³dVm,

‘ZmoXem, {df¶dñVw AWdm H$m¡eb H$s àH¥${V Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ n¶m©daU,

BZ g~H$mo ÑpîQ> ‘| aIH$a H$aZm Mm{hE, O~ Omo {d{Y ¶m {d{Y¶m± Cn¶w³V

hm|, V~ CZHo$ Ûmam CZH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~‹T>mZm Mm{hE& ¶h ^r AnZo ‘| EH$

H$bm h¡, {ejH$ H$mo Bg H$bm ‘| {ZnwU hmoZm Mm{hE&

8.10 A{^àoaUm Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r H$maH$ì¶p³V H$m g‘ñV ì¶dhma A{^àoaUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVm h¡& {ejm à{H«$¶m

H$mo gwMmê$ ê$n go MbmZo Ho$ {bE VWm ~mbH$ H$mo kmZ àmá H$amZo Ho$ {bE Cgo

ào[aV H$aZm A{V Amdí¶H$ h¡& àoaUm {‘bZo go ~mbH$ H$s n‹T>Zo ‘| é{M hmo

OmVr h¡& Om°Z nr. {S>goH$s Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo Mma H$maH$m| H$m dU©Z {H$¶m

h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-






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1. CÎmoOZm

2. AmH$m§jm

3. àmoËgmhZ

4. XÊS> VWm AZwemgZ

8.10.1 CÎmoOZmCÎmoOZm ep³V àXmZ H$aVr h¡ naÝVw {ZX}eZ Zht àXmZ H$aVr& O¡go- {H$gr

‘erZ H$mo Mmby H$a {X¶m OmE naÝVw CgH$m ‘mJ© {ZpíMV Zht {H$¶m OmE&

CÎmoOZm ì¶p³V H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ KQ>H$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

CÎmoOZm Ho$ VrZ ñVa hmoVo h¢-

1. CÀM ñVa

2. ‘Ü¶ ñVa

3. {ZåZ ñVa

ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm Xmo òmoVm| go {‘bVr h¡-1. AmÝV[aH$ CÎmoOZm òmoV - emar[aH$ ê$n go emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm|

H$s gÝVwpîQ> Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& ì¶p³V ñd^md go hr g{H«$¶ hmoVm h¡& AmÝV[aH$ ¶moOZm ñÌmoV emar[aH$ {ZåZ ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| go boH$a CÀM ñVa H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| VH$ hmoVm h¡&

2. ~mø CÎmoOZm òmoV - gm‘mÝ¶V¶m dmVmdaU go ì¶p³V H$mo CÎmoOZm {‘bVr h¡& dmVmdaU Ho$ VÎd CÔrnZ H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& dmVmdaU H$s ZdrZVm ^r ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aVr h¡& ZragVm H$mo Xÿa H$aZo Ho$ {bE n[adV©Z VWm dmVmdaU H$s ZdrZVm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡& CËgwH$Vm VWm CÎmoOZm XmoZmo§ hr ^mdZm Ho$ ñVa H$mo CR>mZo ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo h¢& CÎmoOZm ‘| ^mdwH$Vm H$s ‘mÌm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡& CÎmoOZm H$m N>mÌ H$s {Zîn{Îm¶m| go YZmË‘H$ gh-gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡&

àmÊmr H$mo A{YH$m{YH$ Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Ü¶ ñVa H$s

OmJê$H$Vm n¶m©á hmoVr h¡& dh A{YH$Va hëHo$ CÔrnZm| H$mo J«hU H$aVm h¡ VWm

VoO CÔrnZm| go ~MZm MmhVm h¡& g§b½Z dH«$ go ¶h ñnîQ> hmoVm h¡ {H$ ñ‘aU

H$aZm, Omo‹S>Zo H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$mo hb H$aZm VWm Ajam| H$mo ¶mX H$aZm Am{X

{H«$¶mAm| ‘| ‘Ü¶ ñVa H$s OmJê$H$Vm Hw$ebVmnyd©H$ hmoVr h¡&

CÎmoOZm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©

{ejU ‘| CÎmoOZm go VmËn¶© N>mÌm| H$s g{H«$¶Vm Ho$ gm‘mÝ¶ ñVa go h¡& {ejH$

Ho$ g‘j N>mÌm| Ho$ {bE CÎmoOZm H$s g‘ñ¶m AmVr h¡& N>mÌm| H$s {Zîn{Îm Cgr

g‘¶ AÀN>r hmoVr h¡, O~{H$ N>mÌ Z A{YH$ ^mdwH$ Am¡a Z A{YH$ gwñV

hmoVm h¡& {ejH$ H$m H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$mo g{H«$¶ aIZm h¡& H$jm H$s X¡{ZH$ {H«$¶mAm|

H$s ZragVm H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZm Mm{hE& A‘yV©

àH$aU H$mo CXmhaUm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ñnîQ> H$aZm Mm{hE& AkmV àH$aU H$mo

gmÑí¶ AZw^d H$s ghm¶Vm go ~moYJå¶ ~ZmZm Mm{hE& CÎmoOZm Ho$ H$m¶© H$m

AW© {ejH$ Ho$ {bE N>mÌm| H$mo grIZo ‘| g§b½Z aIZo VWm g{H«$¶ ~ZmZo hoVw

à¶ËZ H$aZm h¡& BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo AÝdofU VWm ~oZ-ñQ>m°aq‘J {d{Y¶m|

H$mo àñVwV H$aZm Mm{hE& N>mÌm| Ho$ nyd© ì¶dhma Ho$ AmYma na {ejH$ CZH$s

Amdí¶H$VmZwgma CÎmoOZm ñVa H$‘ VWm A{YH$ H$a gH$Vm h¡&

8.10.2 AmH$m§jm{H$gr H$m¶© Ho$ {bE h‘ {H$VZr Anojm H$aVo h¢ Am¡a {H$VZm dmñVd ‘| H$a nmVo

h¢, ¶h AÝVa h‘| CÎmo{OV H$aVm h¡& ¶h CÎmoOZm àXmZ H$aZo H$m EH$ òmoV

^r ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

AZwXoeZ Ho$ CÔoí¶ ^r AmH$m§jm H$m H$m¶© H$aVo h¢& BZgo {ejH$ H$m

{deof gå~ÝY ahVm h¡, naÝVw {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| VWm ‘yë¶m| H$mo

Ü¶mZ ‘| aIZm Mm{hE&

N>mÌ {Og ep³V go AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$mo nmZo H$m à¶mg H$aVm h¡ dhr

CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V- gÝVwbZ H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡& Bg àH$ma N>mÌ

{Og àoaH$ H$mo nmZm MmhVm h¡& Cggo CgH$s AmH$m§jm VWm ep³V gÝVwbZ

H$m nVm MbVm h¡& ~«yZ Ho$ AZwgma-

AmH$m§jm EH$ j{UH$ {dídmg hmoVm h¡ {H$ EH$ {deof {H«$¶m Ho$ H$aZo go EH$ {deof

n[aUm‘ {ZH$boJm&

AmH$m§jm VWm àË¶jrH$aU ‘| AÝVa CÎmoOZm òmoV H$m H$m¶© H$aVm h¡&

AÝVa Ho$ AmH$ma H$mo N>mÌ H$s ^mdZm {ZYm©[aV H$aVr h¡& A{YH$ AÝVa hmoZo

na AgÝVwpîQ> H$s ^mdZm {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a H$‘ AÝVa hmoZo na àgÝZVm

H$m AZw^d H$aVm h¡& {Zîn{Îm A{^àoaUm Bgr H$m n[aUm‘ hmoVm h¡&

AmH$m§jm Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©

{ejH$ H$m ‘w»¶ H$m¶© N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jmAm| H$mo ~XbZm h¡, {Oggo dh

AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$& N>mÌm| H$s VËH$mbrZ AmH$m§jm H$mo ApÝV‘

AmH$m§jm go gå~{ÝV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo N>mÌ grIZo ‘| nyU©V… g§b½Z hmo

gH|$& AmH$m§jmE± nyd©-AZw^dm| VWm {Zîn[Îm¶m| na AmYm[aV hmoVr h¢& {ejH$ H$m

H$Îm©ì¶ hmoVm h¡ {H$ H$jm Ho$ AmH$m§jm ñVa H$mo D$±Mm CR>m¶o, ³¶m|{H$ AmH$m§jm

ñVa hr {Zîn{Îm ñVa Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r ‘mZm OmVm h¡, BgHo$ {bE {ejH$ H$mo

N>mÌm| H$s AmH$m§jm ‘| n[adV©Z bmZm Mm{hE, V^r dh AZwXoeZ CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á

H$aZo ‘| g’$b hmo gH$Vm h¡&

8.10.3 àmoËgmhZàmoËgmhZ dmñVd ‘| ‘mZd OrdZ H$m bú¶ hmoVm h¡& hb VWm ñnoÝg H$m ‘V h¡

{H$ àmUr H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo bú¶ AWdm àmoËgmhZ Ûmam ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm

h¡& Ord Omo ^r {H«$¶mE± H$aVm h¡ CZ‘| Hw$N> Z Hw$N> nmZm MmhVm h¡& {OVZm hr

àmoËgmhZ H$m AmH$ma ~‹S>m hmoVm h¡ CVZm hr A{YH$ àoaUm {‘bVr h¡& ì¶p³V















Ho$ H$m¶© H$s ep³V àmoËgmhZ H$s àH¥${V go à^m{dV hmoVr h¡&

àmoËgmhZ Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©

{ejH$ H$m H$Îm©ì¶ ¶h h¡ {H$ N>mÌm| H$s AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$mo Bg àH$ma nwZ~©bZ

àXmZ H$ao {Oggo dh AZwXoeZ H$o CÔoí¶m| H$s àm{á H$a gHo$, BgHo$ {bE

àe§gm, CËgmhdY©Z, narjm’$b, à{V¶mo{JVm Am{X H$mo à¶w³V H$aZm Mm{hE&

àe§gm H$aZo go N>mÌm| H$m {Zîn{Îm ñVa D$±Mm CR>Vm h¡&

narjm’$b n¥îR>nmofU Ho$ {bE A{YH$ à^mdembr ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

narjm’$b ‘| Amem go A{YH$ A§H$ nmZo na Cg {df¶ H$mo grIZo Ho$ {bE

àoaUm {‘bVr h¡ VWm grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m H$s J{V ‘| d¥{Õ ^r hmoVr h¡& {ejH$

H$mo J¥h-H$m¶moª H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZo ‘| CZH$m A§H$Z VWm ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aZm Mm{hE

VWm CÝh| erK« N>mÌm| H$mo dmng bm¡Q>mZm Mm{hE& Bggo A{YJ‘ Ho$ H$m¶moª ‘|

N>mÌm| H$s ê${M ~‹T>Vr h¡&

8.10.4 XÊS> VWm AZwemgZXÊS> EH$ CÔrnZ Ho$ g‘mZ hmoVm h¡ {Oggo ì¶p³V ~MZo H$mo à¶mg H$aVm h¡&

XÊS> ì¶dhma H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE CVZm hr {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE {OVZo go AnZm

CÔoí¶ àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& XÊS> Ho$ Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-1. Cg ì¶p³V H$mo [X¶m OmE {OgZo JbV ì¶dhma {H$¶m h¡, {Oggo

dh ^{dî¶ ‘| Cg ì¶dhma H$s nwZamd¥{Îm Z H$ao&2. AÝ¶ ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘j Bg{bE {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Oggo dh ì¶p³V

^r Eogo ì¶dhma Z H$ao&

XÊS> Ho$ {bE {ejH$ H$m H$m¶©

AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo N>mÌ Ho$ Adm§{N>V ì¶dhmam| H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmZm

Mm{hE& H$jm AZwemgZ VWm {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZwemgZ aIZo Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m

Om gH$Vm h¡& XÊS> AZwemgZ H$m hr ê$n hmoVm h¡& XÊS> Cg g‘¶ {deof

Cn¶moJr hmoVm h¡ O~{H$-1. nwañH$ma Ho$ gmW à¶w³V {H$¶m OmE, AÀN>o ì¶dhma H$s àe§gm VWm

Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| Ho$ {bE XÊS> {X¶m OmE&

2. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma H$m n[aUm‘ j{VnyU© hmo&

3. Adm§{N>V ì¶dhma Ho$ {bE VËH$mb hr XÊS> {X¶m OmE {Oggo, N>mÌ ¶h AZw^d H$a gHo$ {H$ CgH$mo Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶© Ho$ H$maU XÊS> {X¶m J¶m h¡&

pñH$Za Zo XÊS> H$mo ñd¶§ g§doJ Zht ‘mZm h¡, ³¶m|{H$ BgH$m AmYma

^¶ hmoVm h¡& CZH$m gwPmd h¡ {H$ Adm§N>Zr¶ H$m¶moª na Ü¶mZ Zht XoZm Mm{hE,

³¶m|{H$ XÊS> XoZo na Adm§N>Zr¶ ì¶dhmam| H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& N>mÌm| ‘| hrZ^mdZm

H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, {ejH$ Ho$ à{V gX²^mdZm Zht ahVr h¡& AV… BgH$m à¶moJ

H$^r-H$^r hr H$aZm Mm{hE&

8.11 A{YJ‘ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m ñWmZ{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{YJ‘ VWm A{YJ‘ Ho$ joÌ ‘| A{^àoaUm H$m {deof ñWmZ

hmoVm h¡& {H$gr ^r àH$ma H$m A{YJ‘ {~Zm A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå^d Zht hmoVm h¡&

Bg gÝX^© ‘| E§S>agZ H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$-

A{YJ‘ A{^àoaUm nmH$a gdm}Îm‘ T>§J go AmJo ~‹T>Vm h¡&

O~{H$ Bg gÝX^© ‘| Wm°‘gZ H$m {dMma h¡ {H$-

A[^àoaUm N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&

{ejU Ho$ {Z¶moOZ VWm ì¶dñWm H$mo Mmho {H$VZm hr AÀN>m ³¶m| Z

~Zm {b¶m Om¶o, naÝVw O~ VH$ N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo A[^ào[aV Zht {H$¶m

OmVm, V~ VH$ A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m VWm {ejU à{H«$¶m XmoZm| hr AmJo Zht ~‹T>

gH$Vr h¡& AV… N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo CËào[aV, àmoËgm{hV Am¡a {ZX}{eV H$aZo

Ho$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo A{^àoaUm H$m ghmam boZm n‹S>Vm h¡, {Oggo A{YJ‘

CÔoí¶m| H$mo ^br-^m±{V àmá {H$¶m Om gHo$& ‘mZd Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma Am¡a

{H«$¶mE± àaoUm na hr AmYm[aV hmoVr h¡& {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m ^r àoaUm Ho$ {~Zm

gå^d Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡& Bg àoaUm H$s ‘hÎmm na àH$me S>mbVo hþE H¡$br Zo

H$hm h¡ {H$-

A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m Ho$ C{MV ì¶dñWmnZ ‘| Ho$ÝÐr¶ H$maH$ hmoVm h¡& {H$gr

àH$ma H$s ^r A{^àoaUm g^r A{YJ‘ ‘| Adí¶ CnpñWV ahZr Mm{hE&

³bmg{‘¶a d JwS>{dZ Zo {bIm h¡-

grIZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd {Zñg§Xoh ê$n go gmYmaUV… ñdrH$ma {H$¶m OmVm

h¡&

¶h CÕaU Bg {dMma H$m g‘W©Z H$aVm h¡ {H$ grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m

‘| àoaUm Ho$ ‘hÎdnyU© ñWmZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ‘V-{d{^ÝZVm Zht hmo gH$Vr h¡&

àoaUm, grIZo H$m ‘hÎdnyU© A§J h¡& àoaUmhrZ {H«$¶m Ho$ grIZo ‘| ì¶p³V ê${M

Zhr boVm& grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ‘hÎd Bg àH$ma h¡-

1. ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z

{ejH$ àe§gm, {ZÝXm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Am{X H¥${Ì‘ àoaH$m| H$m ~w{Õ‘mZr go

à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV Am¡a n[ad{V©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&

2. M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm

{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CÎm‘ JwUm| Am¡a AmXemoª H$mo àmá H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a

gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ M[aÌ-{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

3. Ü¶mZ Ho$pÝÐV H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm


{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo ào[aV H$aHo$, CÝh| AnZo Ü¶mZ H$mo nmR>²¶-{df¶ na Ho$pÝÐV

H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

4. ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

H«$mo d H«$mo Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

àoaH$, N>mÌ H$mo AnZr grIZo H$s {H«$¶mAm| ‘| àmoËgmhZ XoVo h¢&

AV… {ejH$, àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ N>mÌm| H$mo kmZ H$m AO©Z H$aZo

Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ‘|

Anyd© ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡&






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5. ê${M H$m {dH$mg

Wm°‘gZ Ho$ AZwgma-

àoaUm, N>mÌ ‘| ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo H$s H$bm h¡&

AV… {ejH$, àoaUm H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| ‘| H$m¶© ¶m AÜ¶¶Z Ho$

à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma, dh CZHo$ {bE kmZ àmá H$aZo

H$m H$m¶© gab ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

6. AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg

{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo AÀN>o H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,

dh CZ‘| AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$ AZwemgZhrZVm H$s g‘ñ¶m

H$m g‘mYmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&


{ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo gm‘wXm{¶H$ H$m¶m] ‘| ^mJ boZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aHo$ CZ‘|

gm‘wXm{¶H$ ^mdZm Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bg àH$ma,

dh CZH$mo g‘mO Ho$ AÀN>o Am¡a Cn¶moJr gXñ¶ ~ZZo H$m à{ejU Xo gH$Vm h¡&

8. A{YH$ kmZ H$m AO©Z


{ejH$ ~mbH$m| ‘| à{V¶mo{JVm H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg H$aHo$, CÝh| A{YH$ kmZ H$m

AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE àoaUm àXmZ H$a gH$Vm h¡&

9. Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m AO©Z

{ejH$ CÎm‘ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ ~mbH$m| H$mo Vrd« J{V go kmZ H$m

AO©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡&

10. ì¶[³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V

àoaH$, ì¶p³V H$mo Cg {H«$¶m H$mo MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm XoVo h¢, {Ogo H$aZo H$s

CgH$s BÀN>m hmoVr h¡& AV… {ejH$ C{MV àoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$aHo$, ~mbH$m§o§ H$mo

AnZr BÀN>mZwgma H$m¶© ¶m {df¶ H$m MwZmd H$aZo ‘| ¶moJ Xo gH$Vm h¡& Bg

àH$ma, dh CZH$mo AnZr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AZwgma àJ{V H$aZo H$m

Adga Xo gH$Vm h¡&

no«aUm, {ejm H$s à{H«$¶m H$m ‘w»¶ AmYma Am¡a grIZo H$m Eogm

ep³Vembr gmYZ h¡, {OgH$m à¶moJ H$aHo$ {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo CZHo$ gmÜ¶

VH$ nhþ±Mm gH$Vm h¡, CZH$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo {H$gr ^r {Xem ‘| ‘mo‹S> gH$Vm h¡

CZHo$ ì¶dhma ‘| dm§N>Zr¶ n[adV©Z H$a gH$Vm h¡& Bgr{bE, Hw$ßnyñdm‘r Zo

{bIm h¡-

h‘mao {dÚmb¶ ‘| grIZo Ho$ {bE dmñV{dH$ Am¡a ñWm¶r àoaH$m| H$mo àXmZ {H$E OmZo

Ho$ à¶mg H$s Amdí¶H$Vm h¡&

8.12 A{^àoaUm ‘| {ejH$ Ho$ H$m¶©A[YJ‘ H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo ge³V Ed§ à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$s

^y{‘H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmo OmVr h¡& grIZo H$s {H«$¶m ‘| {ejU VWm A{YJ‘, XmoZm|

em{‘b hmoVo h¢& {ejH$ {gImVm h¡, N>mÌ grIVo h¢& N>mÌ Cg g‘¶ A{YH$

ê${M VWm J{V go grIVo h¢ O~ CÝh| AÜ¶Z àoaUm XoVm h¡& ¶h àoaUm nwañH$ma

VWm XÊS>, XmoZm| àH$ma go Xr Om gH$Vr h¡& {ejH$ H$mo N>mÌm| ‘o§ grIZo H$s J{V

H$mo Vrd« VWm à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {b¶o ¶o A{^àoaUmË‘H$ H$m¶© H$aZo Mm{hE -

1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o CÝh|

ZdrZ kmZ H$s àm{á Ho$ {b¶o àomËgmhZ Xo, Cgo {ejU gm‘J«r Ho$

CÔoí¶ ñnîQ> hmoZo Mm{h¶o& N>mÌm| ‘| {Z{hV JwUm| H$s nhMmZ H$aZm

Amdí¶H$ h¡&

2. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{h¶o {H$ dh N>mÌm| H$mo A{^àoaUm XoVo g‘¶ CZHo$

d¡¶p³VH$ JwUm| na Ü¶mZ Xo&

3. N>mÌm| ‘| g‘m[OH$Vm Ho$ JwUm| H$mo {dH${gV H$a CÝh| bú¶ àm{á H$s

Amoa AJ«ga {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

4. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$mo àoaUm XoH$a CZHo$ ì¶dhma H$mo {ZX}{eV H$aVm h¡&

bú¶ àm{á Ho$ {b¶o N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ào[aV {H$¶m OmZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

5. N>mÌm| H$mo ‘mJ©Xe©Z XoH$a CZHo$ OrdZ H$m bú¶ {ZYm©[aV H$a gH$Vm h¡&

6. {ejH$, N>mÌm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo g‘P H$a, CÝho§ CZH$s ny{V© hoVw àoaUm Xo gH$Vm h¡&

7. {ejH$, N>mÌm| ‘| A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam CÎmoOZm H$aVm h¡& Bggo Cg‘| ep³V g§Mma hmoVm h¡& ¶h ep³V N>mÌm| ‘| CËgmh âVr h¡&

8. A{^àoaUm àXmZ H$a N>mÌm| ‘| ê${M H$mo {dH${gV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

9. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ‘| AZwemgZ H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AÀN>r AmXVm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

10. A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam N>mÌm| ‘| kmZ àm{á VWm H$m¡eb H$mo grIZo H$s BÀN>m CËnÝZ H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

11. {ejH$, ~mbH$m| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$s {ejm A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam Xo gH$Vm h¡&

{ejH$, ¶{X A{^àoaUm H$m ghr Cn¶moJ H$ao Vmo dh {ejU H$s {H«$¶m

H$mo A[YH$ ‘hÎdnyU© ~Zm gH$Vm h& dh N>mÌm| Ho$ AÝXa CZ ep³V¶m| H$mo OÝ‘

Xo gH$Vm h¡ Omo ì¶p³V, g‘wXm¶ VWm g‘mO Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘§o ghm¶H$ hmo gH$Vr

h¡& g§Kf©, AÝVÛ©ÝX, VWm bú¶ H$s Amoa AZwgaU Ûmam dh {ejU-A{YJ‘

H$mo ge³V ~Zm gH$Vm h¡&

8.13 A{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| Cn¶moJA{^àoaUm H$m {ejm ‘| AË¶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡& ~mbH$ H$mo àe§gm Ed§ Xmof, ñdrH¥${V

Ed§ AñdrH¥${V Ho$ ‘Ü¶ AZoH$ H$m¶© H$aZo n‹S>Vo h¢& A{^àoaUm Ho$ Ûmam A{YJ‘

Ed§ ì¶dhma n[adV©Z Ho$ AmYma na g¡ÕmpÝVH$ ê$n ‘| Omo {dMma {H$¶m J¶m,

CgHo$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ nj na e¡{jH$ ÑpîQ> go {dMma H$a|, Vmo-

1. {ejH$ H$mo Mm{hE {H$ dh {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s {H«$¶mAm| AWm©V² ì¶dhma H$mo ~XbZo H$s Anojm CZH$s ^mdZmAm| H$mo ~XbZo H$m à¶mg H$ao&

2. H$jm ‘| H$^r ^r H$moB© Eogr ~mV Z H$h| {Oggo {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| hrZ ^mdZmE± CËnÝZ hm|&















3. {dÚmWu gå‘mZ MmhVo h¢, CÝh| gå‘mZ {X¶m OmE&

4. CZH$s {OZ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s ny{V© H$a gH$Vo h¢, CZH$s ny{V© H$aZo

H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmE&

5. àe§gm, nwañH$ma, ^Ëg©Zm Ed§ XÊS> Am{X H$mo H$^r ^r AnZo {ejU

H$m A§J Z ~Zm¶m OmE, AWm©V² BZH$m Cn¶moJ V^r {H$¶m OmE O~

Amdí¶H$Vm n‹S>o&

6. [dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| ^mdZm n[adV©Z H$s ÑpîQ> go CZ JwUm| H$m AZwgaU

ñd¶§ ^r {H$¶m OmE {OZH$s Anojm h‘ AnZo {dÚm{W©¶m| go H$aVo h¢&

7. nwañH$ma Ed§ àe§gm H$s Ad{Y bå~r hmo AWm©V² OëXr-OëXr ¶m

~ma-~ma àe§gm H$aZm VWm nwañH$ma XoZm ^r R>rH$ Zht&

8. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s ^mdZmAm| H$m H$^r ^r X‘Z Z {H$¶m OmE&

9. XÊS> Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm H$m V^r à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE O~ CËào[aV H$aZo H$m

H$moB© AÝ¶ CËàoaH$ H$m‘ Z H$ao VWm dh ^r Ho$db {Z¶‘ {dê$Õ H$m¶moª H$mo amoH$Zo Ho$ {bE&

10. àe§gm Ed§ nwañH$ma g‘yh ‘| g^r Ho$ gm‘Zo {X¶o OmE Am¡a ^Ëg©Zm ¶m XÊS> AHo$bo ‘|&

11. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CËào[aV H$aVo g‘¶ CZH$s Am¶w Ed§ qbJ H$m Ü¶mZ Adí¶ aIm OmE& g~Ho$ gmW AbJ-AbJ CËàoaH$ H$m¶© H$a|Jo&

12. XÊS> r XoZm hmo Vmo emar[aH$ ¶m Am{W©H$ XÊS> Z XoH$a n‹T>Zo ¶m H$m¶© H$aZo Ho$ ê$n ‘| {X¶m OmE&

13. ~mø CËàoaH$m| H$m à¶moJ H$‘ go H$‘ Am¡a AmÝV[aH$ CËàoaH$m| H$m Cn¶moJ A{YH$ go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmE&

14. gm‘y{hH$ ~mVm| H$mo g^r go Am¡a d¡¶p³VH$ ~mVm| H$mo gå~pÝYV {dÚmWu go hr H$hm OmE&

15. AÝV ‘|, {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ gmW gX¡d {Zînj ì¶dhma {H$¶m OmE&

*******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. A{^àoaU go VmËn¶© hmoVm h¡-(1) ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z go

(2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm n[adV©Z go

(3) EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo EH$ {ZpíMV {Xem

àXmZ H$aVm h¡&

(4) EH$ Eogo AmÝV[aH$ ~b go, Omo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {N>ÝZ-{^ÝZ H$a

XoVm h¡&

2. grIZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| A{^àoaUm-(1) {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ñ‘aU ep³V H$mo n¡Zm ~ZmVr h¡&

(2) {nN>bo grIo hþE H$mo Z¶o A{YJ‘ go AbJ H$aVr h¡&

(3) {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo EH$ {Xem ‘| gmoMZo ¶mo½¶ ~ZmVr h¡&

(4) [ejm{W©¶m| ‘| grIZo Ho$ à{V ê${M H$m {dH$mg H$aVr h¡&

3. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| goo A{^àoaUm MH«$ Ho$ g§KQ>H$m| H$m ghr H«$‘ h¡-(1) àmoËgmhZMmbZAmdí¶H$Vm

(2) MmbZAmdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZ

(3) Amdí¶H$VmMmbZàmoËgmhZ

(4) Amdí¶H$VmàmoËgmhZMmbZ

4. A{^àoaUm EH$-(1) d¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&

(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&

(3) ñdm^m{dH$ {dMmaYmam h¡&

(4) ^m¡{VH$dmXr dñVw h¡&

5. A{^àoaUm A{YJ‘ H$m h¡-(1) ‘w»¶ A§J (2) ghm¶H$ A§J

(3) H$moB© A§J Zht (4) H$m¶©

6. A{^àoaU H$m EH$ ‘w»¶ VÎd h¡-(1) àË¶jU (2) g§doJ

(3) {MÝVZ (4) AÝVZm}X

7. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VÎd ~mø A{^àoaUm ‘| ghm¶H$ Zht h¡?(1) nwañH$ma (2) AmXe©

(3) àe§gm (4) {ZÝXm

8. àoaUm {H$gH$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVr h¡?(1) ì¶dhma ³¶m h¡ (2) ì¶dhma Ho$ à^md

(3) ì¶dhma ³¶m| K{Q>V hmoVm h¡ (4) Cnamo³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

(3) (4) (3) (2) (2) (4) (4) (3)













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9. 6 go 10 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ ê${M boZm àmaå^ H$aVo h¢-(1) Y‘© ‘| (2) ‘mZd eara ‘|

(3) ¶m¡Z gå~ÝYm| ‘| (4) {dÚmb¶ ‘|

10. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) {ZÐm (2) IobZm

(3) àe§gm (4) H«$moY

11. A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| Ho$ AmYma na H$s Om

gH$Vr h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm h¡?(1) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Zo (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ Zo

(3) ’«$m¶S> Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo

12. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm OÝ‘OmV àoaH$ Zht h¡?(1) ^yI (2) ß¶mg

(3) AmXV (4) {ZÐm

13. N>mÌm| H$mo ào[aV H$aZo ‘| Ah‘ ^y{‘H$m h¡-(1) {ejH$-N>mÌ dmVm© H$s

(2) {ejH$ Ho$ AmXe© ì¶dhma H$s

(3) {ejH$ Ho$ CnXoe H$s

(4) g‘¶ na nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$s

14. Amn AnZr àe§gm na-(1) àgÝZ hmo OmVo h¢&

(2) AmnH$m {ga Jd© go D±$Mm hmo OmVm h¡&

(3) Amn na {deof ’$H©$ Zht n‹S>Vm&

(4) AnZo H$m‘ H$mo Am¡a AÀN>o VarHo$ go H$aVo h¢&

15. àoaUm H$m ñÌmoV Zht h¡-(1) MmbH$ (2) CÛrnZ

(3) àoaH$ (4) ^moOZ

16. A{^àoaUm go CËnÝZ {H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r hmoVr

h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) {~Zo H$m (2) S>Jbg H$m

(3) dr. E’$. pñH$Za H$m (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

17. àoaUm hmoVr h¡-(1) gH$mamË‘H$ (2) ZH$mamË‘H$

(3) ^mdmË‘H$ (4) 1 Am¡a 2 XmoZm|

18. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm A{^àoaU ‘| em{‘b Zht h¡?(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX

(3) ê${M (4) BÝgopÝQ>d

19. A{^àoaUm H$m àíZ ³¶m| H$m àíZ h¡& ¶h H$WZ h¡-(1) {hbJmS>© H$m (2) H«o$M d H«$M’«$sëS> H$m

(3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) pñH$Za H$m

20. ........... H$mo EH$ A{^ào[aV {ejU H$m g§Ho$VH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡&(1) H$jm ‘| A{YH$V‘ CnpñW{V

(2) {ejH$ Ûmam {X¶o J¶o CnMmamË‘H$ H$m¶©

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ûmam àíZ nyN>>Zo

(4) H$jm ‘| EH$X‘ Im‘moer

21. ~mbH$m| H$mo A{^àoaU àXmZ H$aZo hoVw CÎm‘ Cnm¶ h¡-(1) AÀN>m ì¶m»¶mZ XoZm

(2) A{^^mdH$m| go {eH$m¶V H$aZm

(3) ZdmMmam| H$m à¶moJ

(4) BZ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht

22. O~ A{YJ‘ H$aZo dmbo ‘| ñd¶§ hr A{YJ‘ H$m¶© na A{YH$ma àmá

H$aVo hþE VZmd CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡, ¶h pñW{V H$hbmVr h¡-(1) ‘Ü¶ A{^àoaUm (2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm

(3) ~mø A{^àoaUm (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

23. A{^àoaUm go gå~pÝYV AdYmZ Zht h¡-(1) ~w{Õ (2) A{^j‘Vm

(3) gm‘m{OH$ A¶mo½¶Vm (4) A{^d¥{Îm

24. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr {deofVm AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV ~ÀMm|

Ho$ {bE ghr Zht h¡?(1) CÝh| H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| AmZÝX AmVm h¡&

(2) do H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ CÀM ñVa H$s D$Om© àX{e©V H$aVo h¢&

(3) do MwZm¡Vr âo H$m¶m] H$mo ngÝX H$aVo h¢&

(4) do h‘oem g’$b hmoVo h¢&

25. A{^àoaUm Ho$ {gÕmÝVm| Ho$ AZwgma, EH$ {ejH$ ........... Ho$ Ûmam

grIZo H$mo g§d{Õ©V H$a gH$Vm h¡&(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go dmñV{dH$ AnojmE± aIZo

(2) AnojmAm| H$m EH$ê$n ñVa aIZo

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {H$gr àH$ma H$s AnojmE± Z aIZo

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| go ~hþV CÀM AnojmE± aIZo

26. EH$ {dÚmWu ‘o{S>H$b H$m°boO ‘§o Xm{Ibm boZo Ho$ {bE H${R>Z n[al‘

H$aVm h¡, Vm{H$ dh àdoe narjm ‘| CÎmrU© hmo gHo$& ¶h {dÚmWu

............ ê$n go A[^ào[aV h¡&(1) d¡¶p³VH$ (2) AmZw^{dH$

(3) AmÝV[aH$ (4) ~mø

9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26.

(4) (1) (1) (3) (3) (4) (4) (3) (4) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3)















27. ‘mo{hV H$mo ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mZm AÀN>m bJVm h¡, Bg{bE dh ~r.ES>. H$s

àdoe narjm Ho$ {bE Iy~ ‘ohZV H$aVm h¡& ‘mo{hV ........... A{^ào[aV h¡&(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go (2) ~mø ê$n go

(3) g{H«$¶ ê$n go (4) ~m¡{ÕH$ ê$n go

28. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV

H$aVm h¡?(1) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m§o H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm

(2) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ>

(3) ~mø H$maH$

(4) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaU

29. AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu-(1) Ho$ {bE nwañH$ma H$s {~ëHw$b ^r Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&

(2) Ho$ {bE ~mø nwañH$ma CgH$s A{^àoaUm H$mo ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE n¶m©á

Zht h¡&

(3) H$m ~mø ê$n go A{^ào[aV {dÚmWu H$s VwbZm ‘| A{^àoaUm ñVa H$‘

hmoVm h¡&

(4) Ho$ {bE Am¡nMm[aH$ {ejm H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&

30. CnbpãY A{^àoaUm h¡-(1) MwZm¡VrnyU© H$m¶© H$aZo ‘| S>Q>o ahZo H$s àd¥{Îm

(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo H$s àd¥{Îm

(3) g’$bVm d Ag’$bVm H$mo g‘mZ ê$n go ñdrH$ma H$aZo H$s VËnaVm

(4) {~Zm {dMmao, OëX~mOr ‘§o H$m¶© H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm

31. A{YJ‘ Ho$ àH«$‘ ‘| A{^àoaU-(1) grIZo dmbm§o H$s ñ‘¥{V H$mo VoO ~ZmVm h¡&

(2) nwamZo A{YJ‘ go Z¶o A{YJ‘ H$mo {dô{XV H$aVm h¡&

(3) EH${Xer¶ ê$n go gmoMZo ‘| grIZo dmbm| H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡&

(4) Z¶o grIZo dmbm| ‘| A{YJ‘ Ho$ {bE ê${M H$m g¥OZ H$aVm h¡&

32. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ {H$gr ~mbH$ H$mo n‹T>mZo hoVw Cgo ào[aV H$aZo H$m

H$m¡Zgm VarH$m Cn¶w³V ‘mZVo h¢?(1) ~mbH$ Ho$ AmË‘gå‘mZ H$mo gwa{jV H$aZm

(2) CgH$s àe§gm Xÿgao ~mbH$m| Ho$ g‘úm H$aZm

(3) Cgo gH$mamË‘H$ àbmo^Z XoZm

(4) ~mbH$ Ho$ àoaH$m| H$m ‘mJ©ÝVrH$aU H$aZm

33. grIZo ‘| àoaUm H$m ñWmZ AË¶ÝV ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, ³¶m|{H$ Bggo ~mbH$m|

‘|-(1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| ‘| H$‘r hmoVr h¡&

(2) emar[aH$ {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

(3) AZwemgZ H$s ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡&

(4) gm‘m{OH$ JwU gr{‘V ahVo h¢&

34. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$VmZwgma nXmZwH«$‘ {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma H$m¡Zgr

Amdí¶H$Vm g~go AÝV ‘| nyar hmoVr h¡?(1) gå‘mZ (2) AmË‘-¶WmW©Vm

(3) gwajm (4) gm‘m{OH$

35. ‘mñbmo Ho$ AZwgma, {ZåZ{b{IV àoaUmAm| ‘| g~go A{YH$ ep³Vembr

àaoUmE± H$m¡Zgr h¢?(1) X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ì¶p³VJV gm‘m{OH$

(3) A{O©V àoaUmE± (4) gm‘mÝ¶ gm‘m{OH$

36. àoaUm H$moB© ^r {deof AmÝV[aH$ H$maH$ AWdm AdñWm h¡, Omo {H«$¶m

H$mo Amaå^ H$aZo AWdm ~ZmE aIZo H$s àd¥{Îm aIVr h¡& ¶h H$WZ

{ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go {H$gH$m h¡?(1) Ama. Eg. dwS>dW© H$m

(2) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© H$m

(3) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© H$m

(4) EZ. Eb. EZ H$m

37. EH$ àoaUm ì¶p³V H$s EH$ AdñWm AWdm CÝ‘wIVm h¡, Omo {H$ Cgo

Hw$N> ì¶dhma H$aZo VWm Hw$N> bjUm| H$mo ImoOZo H$s Amoa bo OmVr h¡&

àoaUm H$s ¶h n[a^mfm {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gZo Xr h¡?(1) JmS>©Za ‘’$s© Zo (2) EZ. Eb. EZ. Zo

(3) Ama.Eg.dwS>dW© Zo (4) Oo. nr. {Jb’$moS>© Zo

38. AÝVZm}X CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡-(1) àmoËgmhZ go (2) ^yI go

(3) ß¶mg go (4) Amdí¶H$Vm go

39. {H$gr {deof hmoQ>b H$s {‘R>mB© ImZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm H$mo H$hm OmEJm-(1) ^yI (2) {d{eîQ> ^yI

(3) à~b Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go Hw$N> ^r Zht

40. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$go O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ ‘| Amn Zht aI|Jo?(1) ß¶mg (2) ^yI

(3) ¶m¡Z (4) CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm

41. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| {H$g A{^àoaH$ H$mo Hw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo O¡{dH$ VWm

A{O©V XmoZm§o hr lo{U¶m| ‘§o aIm h¡?(1) ^yI (2) ZtX

(3) qbJ (4) ß¶mg

42. {OZ A{^àoaH$m| H$mo ì¶p³V AnZo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| grIVm h¡,

CÝh| H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) A{O©V A{^àoaH$ (2) OÝ‘OmV A{^àoaH$

(3) AÝdofU A{^àoaH$ (4) ’$bH$mar A{^àoaH$

27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42.

(1) (2) (2) (1) (4) (4) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3) (4) (2) (4) (3) (1)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m

àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg

nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶


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43. {ZåZm§{H$V g‘wÀM¶ ‘| go H$m¡Z EH$ gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m g‘wÀM¶

h¡?(1) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, gÎmm Ed§ AZw‘moXZ

(2) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, H$m‘ BÀN>m Ed§ AZw‘moXZ

(3) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ, ^yI

(4) CnbpãY, gå~ÝYZ, AZw‘moXZ Ed§ ß¶mg

44. A{^àoaU Ho$ VrZ à‘wI VÎd ~Vbm¶o J¶o h¢& {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go

CZ VÎdm| H$s gyMr ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) Amdí¶H$Vm (2) àUmoX

(3) àmoËgmhZ (4) VZmd

45. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ H$mo {H$g loUr ‘o§ aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$

(2) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$

(3) à^mdmoËnmXH$ A{^àoaH$

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr ‘| Zht

46. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma ImgH$a X¡{hH$ A{^àoaH$ EH$ Img H«$‘ ‘| hmoVo h¢&

ghr H«$‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) àUmoX, bú¶, Amdí¶H$Vm, VwpîQ>

(2) bú¶, VwpîQ>, Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX

(3) Amdí¶H$Vm, àUmoX, bú¶, VwpîQ>

(4) VwpîQ>, bú¶, àUmoX Ed§ Amdí¶H$Vm

47. YZ H$‘mZo H$s BÀN>m H$mo {H$g loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ ‘mZm OmVm h¡?(1) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$

(2) ~mø A{^àoaH$

(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr ^r loUr H$m A{^àoaH$ Zht

48. ñdV… A{^ê${M EH$ CXmhaU h¡-(1) ~mø A{^àoaH$ H$m

(2) AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m

(3) O¡{dH$ A{^àoaH$ H$m

(4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go {H$gr H$m ^r Zht

49. AJa {H$gr ^yIo ì¶p³V H$mo Q>r. E. Q>r. {X¶m OmE, Vmo dh gå^dV…-(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a nm¶oJm, O~ VH$ {H$ Cgo Hw$N> ImZm Zht {X¶m OmVm hmo

(2) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {OgH$m {df¶ ^moOZ Ed§ ImZm ImZo go gå~Õ

ahoJm

(3) Eogr H$hmZr {bIoJm, {Og‘| moOZ Am¡a ImZo go g§~Õ ì¶dhma H$s MMm©

Zht hmoJr

(4) ânoQ> ^moOZ {H$¶o hþE ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘mZ hr H$hmZr {bIoJm&

50. A{^àoaU Ho$ {H$g {gÕmÝV ‘| X¡{hH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| na ~b S>mbm

OmVm h¡?(1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm {gÕmÝV ‘| (2) àUmoX {gÕmÝV ‘|

(3) àË¶mem {gÕmÝV ‘| (4) ì¶dhma {gÕmÝV ‘|

51. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go gm‘m{OH$ ‘yë¶ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) àmW{‘H$ bú¶ (2) ‘ybàd¥{Îm

(3) ghm¶VmnaH$ ì¶dhma (4) AmH«$m‘H$ Amdí¶H$Vm

52. PyR> H$m nVm bJmZo dmbm ¶ÝÌ gm‘mÝ¶V¶m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡-(1) J¡ëdo{ZH$ ËdMm à{V{H«$¶m Ed§ a³VMmn H$m

(2) ngrZm Ed§ noer¶ VZmd H$m

(3) ‘pñVîH$s¶ Va§Jmo§ H$m

(4) noQ> g§Hw$MZ Ed§ ídgZ H$m

53. AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma AÝVZm}X Ho$ H$maU A{^àoaUm hmoVr h¡&

AÝVZm}X {H$g na AmYm[aV h¡?(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm (2) àbmo^Z

(3) g§kmZ (4) Amdí¶H$Vm

54. O~ Xmo A{^àoaUmE± Amng ‘o§ ‘ob Zht ImVr h¢, Vmo n[aUm‘ hmoVm

h¡-(1) ‘ZñVmn (2) Hw$ÊR>m

(3) ÛÝÛ (4) àË¶mhma

55. ep³V A{^àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ àmW{‘H$V… {H$¶m J¶m h¡-(1) B©. nr. nr. Eg. Ûmam (2) 16 nr. E’$. Ûmam

(3) Q>r. E. Q>r. Ûmam (4) B©. nr. ³¶y. Ûmam

56. {ZåZ{bp»mV ‘| go H$m¡Z A[^àoaUm Ho$ H$f©U {gÕmÝV H$m à{V{Z{YËd

H$aVm h¡?(1) AÝVZm}X {gÕmÝV (2) CÔmobZ {gÕmÝV

(3) àË¶mem {gÕmÝV (4) Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ {gÕmÝV

57. ‘mñbmo Ho$ Amdí¶H$Vm gmonmZ H«$‘ ‘| O¡{dH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ R>rH$

~mX AmVr h¡-(1) gwajm Amdí¶H$VmE± (2) ñd-{g{Õ Amdí¶H$Vm

(3) ào‘ d gå~ÝYZ Amdí¶H$VmE± (4) ñd-gå‘mZ Amdí¶H$VmE±

58. {OZ ~ÀMm| ‘| CnbpãY A{^àoaUm A{YH$ hmoVr h¡, CZHo$ ‘mVm-{nVm

àm¶…-(1) ñdmVÝÍ¶ H$mo hVmoËgm{hV H$aVo h¢&

(2) ‘mZH$m| H$s àm{á hoVw Ag’$bVm na XpÊS>V H$aVo h¢&

(3) D±$Mo ‘mZXÊS> ñWm{nV H$aVo h¢&

(4) ~ÀMmo§ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo {~Zm eV© ñdrH$ma H$aVo h¢&

43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58.

(1) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (2) (2) (3) (1) (4) (3) (3) (3) (1) (3)















59. {Og CÔrnH$ go ì¶p³V H$mo gÝVwpîQ> hmoVr h¡, Cggo Cg‘|-(1) gwIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&

(2) XþIX ^md CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&

(3) g§doJ CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&

(4) A{^àoaU CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&

60. A{^ào[aV ì¶dhma Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Z ghr Zht h¡?(1) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m D$Om©H$aU

(2) ì¶dhmamË‘H$ ep³V Ed§ Hw$ebVm

(3) ì¶dhma H$s {Xem

(4) AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m gmhM¶©

61. {ZåZ{b{IV gbmhm| ‘| go H$m¡Z AmÝV[aH$ A{^àoaUm OmJ¥V H$aZo hoVw

gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V h¡?(1) ñHy$b H$m H$m¶© g‘má H$a boZo na N>mÌm| H$mo Nw>År H$m bm^ {X¶m OmE&

(2) AÀN>r lo{U¶m± àmá H$aZo hoVw àmoËgm{hV H$aZm&

(3) n[al‘r N>mÌm| H$s àe§gm AÝ¶ ghnm{R>¶m| H$s CnpñW{V ‘| H$aZm&

(4) AÀN>o e¡j{UH$ {ZînmXZ go Ow‹S>o YZmË‘H$ AZw^dm| H$mo àd{bV H$aZm&

62. ì¶p³V A{^ào[aV ³¶m| hmoVm h¡? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| dV©‘mZ ‘o§ H$m¡Zgr

AdYmaUm ‘mÝ¶ h¡?(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m| H$s AdYmaUm

(2) àbmo^Z gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm

(3) AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm

(4) AmË‘{g{Õ gå~ÝYr AdYmaUm

63. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ghr H$WZ h¡-(1) ep³V A{^àoaUm g‘mO Ûmam ñdrH¥$V Zht H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

(2) n[an³dVm Am¡a A{^àoaUm ‘| H$moB© gå~ÝY Zht hmoVm&

(3) àbmo^Z ~mbH$ ‘| AÝVZm}X gå~ÝYr ì¶dhma CËnÝZ H$aVo h¢&

(4) AZw‘moXZ A{^àoaU ‘| ì¶p³V Xÿgam| H$o H$m¶m] H$m AZw‘moXZ H$aVm h¡&

64. ~mbH$m| ‘| nmR> Ho$ à{V ê${M CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE-(1) {ZaÝVa ‘m¡{IH$ {ejU H$aZm Mm{hE&

(2) nmR> H$s nwZamd¥{Îm H$amZr Mm{hE&

(3) nmR> H$mo ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ go gå~pÝYV H$aZm Mm{hE&

(4) aQ>Zo H$s àd¥{Îm na ~b XoZm Mm{hE&

65. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ A{^àoaU EH$ à{H«$¶m Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| Cn¶w³V

Zht h¡?(1) dh ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ H$s Amoa bo OmVm h¡&

(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$s emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s gÝVwpîQ> H$aVm h¡&

(3) ¶h ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AmH$m§jm H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$aVm h¡&

(4) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo A{à¶ pñW{V go Xÿa aIVm h¡&

66. CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr

h¡?(1) CnbpãY A{^àoaH$ Or{dV ahZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡&

(2) ¶{X ì¶p³VJV j‘VmAm§o H$s gÝVwpîQ> ‘hÎdnyU© h¡, Vmo CnbpãY

A{^àoaH$ H$mo {dH$mg àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&

(3) ¶{X ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ à{V¶mo{JVm na ~b h¡, Vmo CnbpãY A{^àoaH$

H$mo gm‘m{OH$ A{^àoaH$ H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡&

(4) BZ‘| go g^r

67. EH$ N>mÌ Zo AmnHo$ àíZ H$m Omo CÎma {X¶m, dh nmR²>¶ nwñVH$ ‘| Zht

h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| Amn-(1) Cgo Zht ‘mZ|Jo&

(2) CÎma H$s g‘rjm H$a N>mÌ H$s ì¶p³VJV g‘P Ho$ {bE em~mer X|Jo&

(3) N>mÌ H$s eamaV ‘mZ|Jo&

(4) CgH$s Cnojm H$a|Jo&

68. ‘mZ br{OE {H$ AmnH$s {H$emoar nwÌr EH$ gh{ejm H$m°boO ‘| gh^mJr

h¡, Vmo AmnH$m ì¶dhma ³¶m hmoJm-(1) hR>rbm

(2) ghmZw^y{VnyU©

(3) X~§J

(4) àoaH$

69. ~mbH$m| ‘| AmË‘{Z^©aVm Ho$ JwU H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE ³¶m H$aZm

Mm{hE?(1) Amn CÝh| nmR²>¶ ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m ZoV¥Ëd gm¢n X|&

(2) Amn CÝh| AnZo ’$sg H$bo³eZ Ho$ H$m¶© ‘| ‘XX bo&

(3) Amn CÝh| ‘m°{ZQ>a ~Zm X|&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r H$a§o&

70. ZdrZ gÌ ‘| àdoe bo MwHo$ N>mÌm| go gwê${MnyU© gå~ÝY aIZo Ho$ {bE

Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?(1) à^wËd g§ajU H$o {bE Jå^raVm H$m àXe©Z

(2) N>mÌm| go AnopúmV gå‘mZ H$s H$m‘Zm

(3) N>mÌm| go g‘H$j {‘Ì H$s ^mdZm H$m àXe©Z

(4) N>mÌm| Ho$ gmW {‘ÌdV² ì¶dhma VWm ZdrZ dmVmdaU ‘| g‘m¶moOZ hoVw

‘mJ©Xe©Z

71. ¶{X Amn N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m C{MV gå‘mZ H$aVo h¢, Vmo AmnHo$

{dMma ‘| AmnH$s AZw^y{V H$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?(1) AmnH$s à^wgÎmm H$m g§ajU

(2) CÀMñVar¶ Z¡{VH$Vm àXe©Z

(3) N>mÌm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$aZo H$s EH$ Xem

(4) AmnH$s àm¡‹T> ‘mZ{gH$Vm

59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 68. 69. 70. 71.

(1) (1) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (3)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m

àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV

{H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg

nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶


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72. ¶{X Amn EH$ Eogo {dÚmb¶ ‘| n‹T>m aho h¢, Ohm± H$s A{YH$m§e OZg§»¶m

A§Y{dídmgm| Ed§ ê${‹T>¶m| go J«ñV h¡, Vmo Amn Eogo OZg‘yyh ‘| {ejm Ho$

à{V gH$mamË‘H$ A{^d¥{Îm CËnÝZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m H$a|Jo?(1) Eogo bmoJm| H$mo Y¡¶©nyd©H$ g‘PmE±Jo VWm n[aUm‘ àmá hmoZo VH$ à¶mg

Omar aI|Jo&

(2) Eogo bmoJm| H$m à{VdmX H$a|Jo VWm AnZo gwPmd CZ na Wmon|Jo&

(3) Ho$db AnZr Zm¡H$ar na Ü¶mZ X|Jo VWm ñWmZmÝVaU Ho$ {bE à¶mg

Omar aI|Jo&

(4) CÝh| {ejm Ho$ bm^ g‘PmH$a CZH$s g§H$sU© gmoM H$m n[a‘mO©Z H$a|Jo&

73. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$maH$ AmXVm| Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘| à^mdr ^y{‘H$m H$m

{Zdm©h H$aVm h¡?(1) {ZaÝVaVm (2) Aä¶mg

(3) nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

74. CnbpãY àoaH$ (Achievement Motive) EH$ àoaH$ h¡-(1) emar[aH$

(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

(3) emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ XmoZm|


75. Eogm àoaH$ {OgH$m AZw‘mZ ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶dhma go {H$¶m Om gH$o, naÝVw

ì¶p³V CgH$r CnpñW{V H$m AZw^d Zht H$aVm, Cgo H$hVo h¢-(1) AdMoVZ àoaH$ (2) AMoVZ àoaH$

(3) MoVZ àoaH$ (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

76. ^yI (Hunger) EH$ àoaH$ h¡-(1) A{O©V (2) àmW{‘H$

(3) AMoVZ (4) {ÛVr¶H$

77. ^yI {H$g àH$ma H$m AÝVZm}X (Drive) h¡?(1) YZmË‘H$ (2) G$UmË‘H$

(3) VQ>ñW (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

78. AMoVZ àoaH$ (Unconscious motive) H$m ‘hÎd gd©n«W‘

{H$gH$o Ûmam à{Vnm{XV {H$¶m J¶m?(1) dwÊQ>> Ûmam (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ûmam

(3) ’«$m¶S> Ûmam (4) dmQ>gZ Ûmam

79. O¡{dH$ (Biological) ¶m emar[aH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| go CËnÝZ AÝVZm}

X H$mo ³¶m H$hVo h¢?(1) Jm¡U ¶m {ÛVr¶H$ AÝVZm}X

(2) g‘mOOÝ¶ àoaH$

(3) àmW{‘H$ AÝVZm}X


80. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go H$m¡Zgm ¶w½‘ AgË¶ h¡?(1) ^yI-emar[aH$ AÝVZm}X

(2) CnbpãY àoaH$-OÝ‘OmV àoaH$

(3) AmH«$m‘H$Vm H$m àoaH$-A{O©V àoaH$

(4) H«$moY-g§doJ

81. nwañH$ma Ed§ XÊS> H$m EH$ àH$ma h¡-(1) ~mø àoaUm

(2) AmÝV[aH$ àoaUm

(3) ^mfm¶r àoaUm


82. {ZåZ{b{IV ¶w½‘m| ‘o§ go AgË¶ ¶w½‘ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) {ZfoYmË‘H$ nwZ~©bZ-Jmbr XoZm

(2) emar[aH$ àoaH$-{ZÐm

(3) ~mø no«aH$-nwañH$ma

(4) AmÝV[aH$ àoaH$-doVZ

83. {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo ‘| nwañH$ma {‘bZo H$m ³¶m à^md n‹S>Vm h¡?(1) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo Xoa go grIVm h¡&

(2) àmUr Cg H$m¶© H$mo OëXr grI boVm h¡&

(3) nwañH$ma H$m H$moB© à^md Zht n‹S>Vm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

84. àoaUm Ho$ bú¶ H$mo boH$a àoaUmOÝ¶ H$m¶© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr

{deofVm nm¶r OmVr h¡?(1) n[adV©Zerb (2) bú¶ àmá H$aZo H$s ~oM¡Zr

(3) bú¶ àm{á go empÝV (4) Cnamo³V g^r

85. {H«$¶m H$mo CÎmo{OV H$aZo, {Z¶{‘V H$aZo VWm Omar aIZo H$s à{H«$¶m

H$mo A{^àoaUm H$hVo h¢& ¶h {H$gH$m H$WZ h¡?(1) Om°ZgZ H$m (2) JwS> H$m

(3) ‘¡JmoM H$m (4) ~Zm©S>© H$m

86. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma A{^àoaUm H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$g AmYma na H$s Om

gH$Vr h¡?(1) CÎmoOH$ d AZw{H«$¶m (2) OrdZ MH«$ d bú¶ àm{á

(3) OÝ‘OmV ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± (4) CÎmoOH$ d AÕ©MoVZ

87. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñÏ¶ {gÕmÝV {H$gZo {X¶m?(1) S>r.h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo

(3) ’o«${S´>H$ hO©~J© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo

88. Om°Z nr. {S>ñH$mo Zo A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbo KQ>H$m| H$s g§»¶m ~VmB© h¡-(1) 2 (2) 4

(3) 7 (4) 10

72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85. 86. 87. 88.

(1) (4) (2) (2) (2) (1) (3) (3) (2) (1) (4) (2) (4) (2) (3) (3) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$

H$m àË¶oH$ 15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU

àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr

h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s


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89. A{^àoaUmE± àmUr H$s emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ AÝVX©emE± h¢& ¶h

H$WZ {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$m h¡?(1) S´>oda H$m (2) ‘¡³Sy>Jb H$m

(3) dwS>dW© H$m (4) {Jb’$moS>© H$m

90. ‘¡³Sy>Jb Ho$ AZwgma ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢-(1) A{O©V (2) OÝ‘OmV

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘o§ go H$moB© Zht

91. A{O©V àoaH$ Ho$ AÝVJ©V AmVo h¢-(1) OrdZ bú¶ d ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m± (2) ‘X-ì¶gZ

(3) AmXV H$s {ddeVm (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

92. ~mbH$ {H$gr H$m¶© H$mo AnZr BÀN>m go H$aVm h¡, dh h¡-(1) ì¶p³VJV àoaUm (2) gm‘m{OH$ àoaUm

(3) ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ àoaUm (4) gH$mamË‘H$ àoaUm

93. ’«$m¶S> Zo g~go A{YH$ ~b {H$g ‘yb àd¥{Îm na {X¶m h¡?(1) H$m‘ àd¥{Îm (2) aMZm àd¥{Îm

(3) g§M¶ àd¥{Îm (4) g‘yh àd¥{Îm

94. ‘yb àd¥{Îm A{^àoaUm {gÕmÝV Ho$ àdV©H$ H$m¡Z h¢?(1) ’«$m¶S> VWm Ow§J (2) H$Q>© bo{dZ

(3) ‘¡³Sy>Jb (4) pñH$Za

95. àoaH$m| H$mo nwH$mam OmVm h¡-(1) ñWm¶r CÔrnH$ (2) {ZYm©[aV àd¥{Îm¶m±

(3) Amdí¶H$Vm (4) BZ‘| go g^r

96. àoaH$ {gÕmÝV {X¶m-(1) hb Zo (2) dmQ>gZ Zo

(3) d¡ÊSw>am Zo (4) Q>m°b‘¡Z Zo

97. àoaUm Ho$ ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ {gÕmÝV ‘| {H$VZr ‘yb àd¥{Îm¶m± h¢?(1) 14 (2) 15

(3) 16 (4) 17

98. àoaUm H$m Amdí¶H$Vm {gÕmÝV {X¶m-(1) hb Zo (2) ‘ao Zo

(3) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> Zo (4) b¡Omag Zo

99. CnbpãY àoaUm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gH$o Ûmam {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y

(2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY narjU

(3) àíZmdbr {ZarjU

(4) {ZarjU

100. CnbpãY Amdí¶H$Vm H$m ‘mnZ {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) ‘ao Zo (2) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS Zo>

(3) EQ>{H©$gZ Zo (4) ‘¡³brb¡ÊS> VWm EQ>{H©$gZ Zo

101. gm‘m{OH$ AZwemgZ H$m AmYma hmoVm h¡-(1) ^¶ Am¡a XÊS>

(2) {ZÝXm Am¡a àe§gm

(3) AÀN>m ~ZZo H$s BÀN>m

(4) g§ñH$ma

102. H$jm ‘| ~ohVa AZwemgZ ahVm h¡, ¶{X-(1) {ejU gm‘J«r H$m H$maJa Cn¶moJ {H$¶m OmE&

(2) nmR²>¶ {df¶ ‘| ‘Zmoa§OZnyU© ~mV| hmo&

(3) AÜ¶mnH$ H$m ì¶p³VËd à^mdembr hmo&

(4) N>mÌm| H$mo nVm hmo {H$ àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ {H$gr ^r g‘¶ H$jm ‘| AmZo dmbo

h¢&

103. ~ÀMm| ‘| ñd-AZwemgZ H$s mdZm {H$g àH$ma n¡Xm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?(1) CÝh| H$R>moa AZwemgZ ‘| aIH$a

(2) CÝh| AZwemgZ ‘| ahZo Ho$ bm^ ~VmH$a

(3) AZwemgZhrZVm na CÝh| XÊS> XoH$a

(4) CÝh| {Oå‘oXmar gm¢nH$a

104. H$jm ‘| AZwemgZ gwYmaZo H$s ÑpîQ> go AÜ¶mnH$ H$m ³¶m H$aZm gdm}Îm‘

hmoJm?(1) AÜ¶mnH$ N>mÌm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZo dmbr {df¶ dñVw, n‹T>mZo H$s {d{Y Am¡a

N>mÌm| Ho$ à{V AnZo ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$ao&

(2) H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| H$r gh‘{V go AZwemgZhrZVm Ho$ {bE {X¶o OmZo dmbo

XÊS> H$m àH$ma/CgH$s ‘mÌm {ZYm©[aV H$ao&

(3) Bg g‘ñ¶m na {dMma H$aZo hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo ~wbmH$a ~mV H$ao&

(4) AZwemgZhrZ N>mÌm| Ho$ Zm‘ àYmZmÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ nmg ôO Xo&

105. g§H$moMr Am¡a e‘ubo N>mÌm| H$mo H$jm Ho$ {ejU H$m¶© ‘o§ ^mJ boZo H$s

àoaUm XoZo H$m Cnm¶ ¶h h¡ {H$-(1) CZH$mo J¥hH$m¶© go ‘w³V aIm OmE&

(2) CZH$mo H$jm ‘| AnZr ê${M Ho$ {df¶ na Hw$N> ~VmZo H$mo àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m

OmE&

(3) ¶{X do {H$gr àíZ H$m CÎma Z Xo gH|$, Vmo CÝh| e{‘©ÝXm {H$¶m OmE&

(4) CZH$mo {deof ñZoh {X¶m OmE&

106. AÝV^©yV A{^àoaUm H$m Ame¶ h¡ {H$ N>mÌ-(1) nwañH$ma nmZo H$s BÀN>m go H${R>Z n[al‘ H$aVm h¡

(2) XÊS> go ~MZo Ho$ {bE {ZË¶ nmR>embm AmVm h¡

(3) AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ S>a go J¥hH$m¶© nyam H$aVm h¡

(4) kmZ H$s d¥{Õ Ho$ {bE bJZ go n‹T>mB© H$aVm h¡

89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101. 102. 103. 104. 105. 106.

(2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (4) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (3) (1) (4) (1) (2) (4)

~mb {dH$mg Ed§ {ejm emñÌ H$s Bg nwñVH$ H$m àË¶oH$

15 {XZ níMmV² g§emo{YV g§ñH$aU àH$m{eV {H$¶m OmVm

h¡& AmnH$mo gbmh Xr OmVr h¡ {H$ Bg nwñVH$ H$s g§emo{YV

g§ñH$aU H$s ’«$s PDF àJÊ¶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ>

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107. {ejH$ H$mo M[aÌdmZ hmoZm Mm{hE, Bggo-(1) N>mÌm| na AÀN>m à^md n‹S>oJm&

(2) g‘mO ‘| CgH$s à{VîR>m ~‹T>oJr&

(3) CgHo$ N>mÌ ^r M[aÌdmZ ~ZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&

(4) dh H$^r H$moB© JbV H$m‘ Zht H$aoJm&

108. arVm H$jm IV H$s {dÚmWu, J{UV ‘| AÀN>o A§H$ àmá Zht H$a nm

aht h¡, hmbm±{H$ AÝ¶ {df¶m| ‘| CgH$s Cnb{ãY AÀN>r h¡& BgH$m

gå^m{dV H$maU hmo gH$Vm h¡-(1) b‹S>{H$¶m± J{UV ‘| H$‘Omoa hmoVr h¡&

(2) b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {bE J{UV Amdí¶H$ {df¶ Zht h¡&

(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo J{UV grIZo H$o {bE A{YH$ ~w{Õ‘mZ hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

(4) J{UV n‹T>mZo Ho$ T>§J ‘| Hw$N> g‘ñ¶m h¡&

109. A{^àoaUm Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘§o {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ ghr Zht h¡?(1) ¶h N>mÌm§o ‘| ê${M ~‹T>mZo H$s {H«$¶m h¡&

(2) ¶h ì¶p³V H$mo bú¶ VH$ nhþ±MZo Ho$ {bE ‘O~ya H$aVr h¡&

(3) ¶h AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø, XmoZm| àH$ma H$s à{H«$¶mE± h¢&

(4) ¶h {H«$¶m H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mVr VWm Cgo {Xem XoVr h¡&

110. O¡go hr A{^àoaUm H$s à{H«$¶m ê$H$Vr h¡-(1) ì¶{³V H$s {H«$¶m ^r ê$H$ OmVr h¡&

(2) H$m¶© H$aZo H$s Amdí¶H$Vm ^r ‘a OmVr h¡&

(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm|


111. H$jm ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo A{^ào[aV {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-(1) CZH$r g’$bVm H$s Xa H$mo ~‹T>mH$a

(2) ¶{X do à{V^mdmZ h¢, Vmo CZHo$ ‘mJ© ‘| ê$H$mdQ>| I‹S>r H$aHo$

(3) CZ‘| à{V¶moJr ^mdZm {dH${gV H$aHo$

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

112. pñH$Za H$m A{^àoaU {gÕmÝV AmYm[aV h¡-(1) ~mø ñnîQ> ì¶dhmam| na, Omo {H$ nwZ~©bZ XoH$a n[ad{V©V {H$¶o OmVo h¢&

(2) BpÀN>V ì¶dhma H$s nhMmZ na

(3) Cnamo³V XmoZm|


113. EH$ {ejH$, Omo AnZr H$jm ‘| CÎm‘ dmVmdaU V¡¶ma H$aZm MmhVm h¡,

Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$aZm Mm{hE-(1) Cgo H$R>moa AZwemgZ {gÕmÝVm| H$m AZwgaU H$aZm Mm{hE&

(2) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo MwZm¡VrnyU© ZdrZ AZw^d àXmZ H$aZo Mm{hE&

(3) Cgo N>mÌm| H$mo {ZaÝVa ‘m¡[IH$ Ed§ dñVw{ZîR> narjmAm| ‘| ì¶ñV aIZm

Mm{hE&

(4) Cgo H$R>moa {Z¶‘m| H$s ñWmnZm {~Zm {H$gr ôX^md Ho$ H$aZr Mm{hE&

114. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgo H$maH$ A[^àoaH$ go Ow‹S>o hþE Zht h¢?(1) ê${M Ed§ {Okmgm (2) OrdZ Ho$ bú¶

(3) emar[aH$ {’$Q>Zog (4) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶

115. H$jmZwemgZ ~ZmE aIZo Ho$ {bE Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ AÜ¶mnH$ N>mÌm| Ho$

‘Z ‘|-(1) ^¶ H$m ^md n¡Xm H$a|& (2) gH$mamË‘H$ ^md n¡Xm H$a|&

(3) {Okmgm n¡Xm H$a|& (4) Cnamo³V g^r

116. AZwemgZ Am¡a g§ñH$ma S>mbZo H$s àmapå^H$ {Oå‘oXmar h¡-(1) {dÚmb¶ H$s

(2) n[adma H$s

(3) AÜ¶mnH$ H$s

(4) AÜ¶mnH$ Am¡a n[adma XmoZm| H$s

117. nwañH$ma EH$ àoaUm h¡-(1) AàË¶j (2) àË¶j

(3) ZH$mamË‘H$ (4) gH$mamË‘H$

118. {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo nwañH$ma XoZo H$m CÔoí¶ hmoVm h¡-(1) CÎm‘ JwUmo§ H$m {dH$mg (2) àbmo^Z XoZo H$s AmXV

(3) [aídV H$m AW© g‘PmZm (4) g§doJm| H$mo CÔrá H$aZm

119. EH$ A{^ào[aV ~mbH$ {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm JwU àX{e©V Zht H$aVm?(1) grIZo H$s BÀN>m (2) grIZo ‘| AmdoîQ>Z

(3) AmH$m§jm ñVa (4) g‘yh go AbJmd

120. XÊS> ~mbH$mo§ na H¡$gm à^md S>mbVm h¡?(1) nmam{dH$Vm (2) gwYmamË‘H$

(3) AënH$m{bH$ (4) ~Xbm àoaH$

121. EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ h¡-(1) ^yI (2) ß¶mg

(3) AmË‘Jm¡ad (4) ào‘

122. àe§gm d {ZÝXm Xmo Eogr no«aUmE± h¢, Omo ~mbH$ ‘| d¥{Õ H$aVr h¡§-(1) AZwemgZ H$s (2) eara H$s

(3) gm‘m{OH$ àoaH$ H$s (4) Cnamo³V g^r

123. A{^àoaUm H$m ñdmñÏ¶ {gÕmÝV {X¶m h¡-(1) S>r h¡~ Zo (2) {S>ñH$mo Zo

(3) EM dJ© Zo (4) pñH$Za Zo

124. A{^àoaUm XoZo dmbm KQ>H$ h¡-(1) AmH$m§jm ñVa (2) CÎmoOZm XoZm

(3) àmoËgmhZ H$aZm (4) Cnamo³V g^r

107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119. 120. 121. 122. 123. 124.

(3) (4) (2) (3) (3) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2) (2) (1) (4) (2) (3) (1) (3) (4)















125. àoaH$ hmoVm h¡-(1) {Zîn{Îm (2) àJ{V

(3) CÎmaXm{¶Ëd (4) Cnamo³V g^r

126. ge³V A{^àoaUm grIZo H$m à^mdembr KQ>H$ h¡-(1) ~mbH$ ñdñW ahVm h¡& (2) ^p³V H$aVm h¡&

(3) erK« grIVm h¡& (4) àgÝZ ahVm h¡&

127. {dH$mg H$m AW© h¡-(1) n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm

(2) A{^àoaUm Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma ûm¥§Ibm

(3) A{^àoaUm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s CÎmamoÎma

ûm¥§Ibm

(4) n[an³dVm Ed§ AZw^d Ho$ ’$bñdê$n hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$s ûm¥§Ibm

128. gH$mamË‘H$ XÊS> H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU h¡?(1) {‘Ìm| Ho$ Ûmam Cnhmg

(2) {‘Ìm| Ho$ gmW g‘¶ ~~m©X H$aZm

(3) ‘rZ‘oI {ZH$mbZm ~ÝX H$aZm

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

129. ~ÀMm| ‘| AÀN>o M[aÌ Ho$ {Z‘m©U Ho$ {bE-(1) nmR²>¶ nwñVH$m| ‘| M[aÌ {Z‘m©U gå~ÝYr nmR> hmoZo Mm{hE&

(2) M[aÌ {Z‘m©U H$o {bE ì¶m»¶mZ {XE OmZo Mm{hE&

(3) H$jm H$j J{V{d{Y Bg àH$ma go hmo {H$ ~ÀMm| H$mo M[aÌ {Z‘m©U ‘|

ghm¶Vm {‘b gHo$&

(4) ‘hmnwê$fm| H$s OrdZr ~ÀMm| H$mo n‹T>mB© OmZr Mm{hE&

130. àoaUm H$m dhr gå~ÝY CnbpãY go h¡, Omo A{YJ‘ H$m .......... go h¡&(1) VH©$ (2) {MÝVZ

(3) ~moY (4) {ddoH$

131. N>moQ>o {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm H$j ‘| g‘d¶ñH$m| Ho$ gmW AÝV…{H«$¶m H$aZo

Ho$ {bE àmoËgm{hV H$aZm Mm{hE, {Oggo-(1) do EH$-Xÿgao H$o àíZm| go grI gH|$&

(2) nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo ~hþV OëXr nyam {H$¶m Om gHo$&

(3) do n‹T>Zo Ho$ Xm¡amZ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¡eb grI gH|$&

(4) {ejH$ H$jm H$j H$mo ~ohVa VarHo$ go {Z¶§{ÌV H$a gH|$&

132. {ZåZ{bpIV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm grIZo Ho$ {bE A{YH$V‘ ê$n go A{^ào[aV

H$aVm h¡?(1) ~mø H$maH$

(2) Ag’$bVm go ~MZo Ho$ {bE A[^àoaUm

(3) ~hþV gab ¶m H${R>Z bú¶m| H$m M¶Z H$aZo H$s àd¥{Îm

(4) bú¶m| H$mo àmá H$aZo ‘| ì¶p³VJV gÝVwpîQ>

133. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo hoVw A{^ào[aV H$aZo Ho$ {b¶o {ejH$ H$mo ~‹T>mdm XoZm

Mm{hE-(1) à{VñnYm©

(2) H$jm ‘| àW‘ AmZo dmbo ~ÀMo H$mo nwañH¥$V H$aHo$

(3) grIZo hoVw C{MV pñW{V Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m g¥OZ

(4) H$jm ‘| à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s àe§gm H$aHo$

134. ¶{X H$jm ‘| n‹T>mVo g‘¶ AmnH$mo ‘hgyg hmoVm h¡ {H$ AMmZH$ g^r

~ÀMo n‹T>Zo ‘| ê${M Zht bo aho h¢, Vmo Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?(1) H$moB© Ü¶mZ Zht Xo|Jo Am¡a n‹T>mZm Omar aI|Jo&

(2) n‹T>mZm ~ÝX H$a X§oJo&

(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo Ü¶mZ XoZo H$mo H$h|Jo&

(4) H$maU OmZZo H$s H$mo{ee H$a|Jo&

135. ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo-{gImZo H$s à{H«$¶m Ho$ Xm¡amZ, do Cg H$m¶© H$mo {H$g

àH$ma go H$a aho h¢, BgH$s OmZH$mar CÝh|-(1) H$m¶© g‘má hmoZo Ho$ níMmV² Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

(2) H$m¶© H$aVo g‘¶ gVV² ê$n go Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

(3) H$m¶© Ho$ ~rM ‘| EH$ ~ma Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

(4) BgH$s H$moB© Amdí¶H$Vm Zht h¡&

136. EH$ {ejH$ H$mo {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ VËnaVm ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZm h¡& Eogm H$aZo

Ho$ {bE g~go AÀN>m VarH$m H$m¡Zgm hmoJm?(1) {deof àH$aU go gå~pÝYV g¥OZmË‘H$ {H«$¶mH$bmn H$mo H$jm ‘| g§J{R>V

H$admH$a

(2) H$jm ‘| EH$ BZS>moa Jo‘ Am¶mo{OV H$admH$a

(3) H$hmZr H$WZ {d{Y Ûmam

(4) H$jm Ho$ {H$gr EH$ {dÚmWu Ûmam {Z¶ÝÌU H$admH$a

137. ¶{X AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$moB© ~ÀMm A{YJ‘ Aj‘ hmo, Vmo Amn ³¶m

H$a|Jo?(1) CgH$s Amoa H$moB© Ü¶mZ Zht X|oJo&

(2) CgH$s Aj‘Vm {H$g àH$ma H$s h¡ ¶h OmZH$a CgH$mo {gImZo H$m

à¶mg H$a|Jo&

(3) CgH$s A{V[a³V H$jm b|Jo&

(4) CgH$s ~¡R>H$ ì¶dñWm H$jm Ho$ ~w{Õ‘mZ ~ÀMm| Ho$ gmW H$a|Jo&

138. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g {ejm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo A{^àoaU Ed§ A{YJ‘

Ho$ ~rM gå~ÝY ñWm{nV H$aVo hþE ¶h H$hm {H$ A{^àoaU go CËnÝZ

{H«$¶merbVm hr grIZo Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r h¡?(1) H$mohba Zo

(2) pñH$Za Zo

(3) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo

(4) dwS>dW© Zo

125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136. 137. 138.

(4) (3) (3) (1) (4) (3) (1) (4) (3) (4) (2) (1) (2) (2)






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139. {dÚm{W©¶m| ‘| l‘ H$s ñ’y${V© H$m {dH$mg H$aZo Ho$ {bE-(1) {ejH$ AnZo hr l‘ ‘| àd¥{Îm {XImEJm&

(2) {ejH$ l‘ Ho$ ‘hÎd na ì¶m»¶mZ H$aooJm&

(3) g‘¶-g‘¶ na {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo H$m Adga XoZm n‹S>oJm&

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m§o H$mo l‘ H$aZo dmbo bmoJm§o H$m CXmhaU XoZm n‹So$Jm&

140. AmnH$mo {ejH$ {Xdg na Hw$N> {dÚm{W©¶m| Zo EH$ ~YmB© nÌ ôOm h¡,

Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?(1) Hw$N> Zht H$a|Jo&

(2) CÝh| YÝ¶dmX X|Jo&

(3) CÝh| n¡gm| H$s ~~m©Xr Zht H$aZo Ho$ {bE ~mob|Jo&

(4) CÝh| ~Xbo ‘| ew^H$m‘ZmE± X|Jo&

141. {dÚmb¶ ‘| {Z¶{‘V CnpñW{V Ho$ {bE d§{MV ~ÀMm| H$mo àmoËgm{hV

H$aZo H$m {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm VarH$m gdm©{YH$ Cn¶w³V hmoJm?(1) ~ÀMm| H$mo AmH${f©V H$aZo H$o {bE <5 XoZm

(2) Amdmgr¶ {dÚmb¶ ImobZm

(3) ~ÀMm| H$mo {dÚmb¶ AmZo H$s AZw‘{V Z XoZo H$mo H$mZyZZ XÊS>Zr¶

AnamY ~Zm¶m OmE&

(4) {dÚmb¶ Ûmam ~ÀMm| H$mo EH${ÌV H$aZo dmbo EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo {Z¶w³V

{H$¶m OmE, Omo à{V{XZ Kam| go ~ÀMm| H$mo boH$a AmE&

142. N>mÌm| H$mo R>rH$, em~me, ~hþV AÀN>m H$hZm h¡-(1) empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (2) AempãXH$ nwZ~©bZ

(3) gH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ (4) ZH$mamË‘H$ empãXH$ nwZ~©bZ

143. Z¥Ë¶, S´>m‘m Ed§ {eënH$bm H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) {d{eîQ> JwUm| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw

(2) ì¶p³VËd H$mo T>mbZo Ho$ {bE

(3) X~o Ed§ ~Xm©íV Z {H$¶o Om gH$Zo dmbo AÝVZm}X Ho$ àH$Q>rH$aU hoVw

(4) BZ‘| go g^r

144. amOoe A{V bmobwn nmR>H$ h¡& dh AnZo H$mog© H$s nwñVH§o$ n‹T>Zo Ho$

A{V[a³V àm¶… nwñVH$mb¶ OmVm h¡ Am¡a {^ÝZ àH$aUm| H$s nwñVH|$

n‹T>Vm h¡& BVZm hr Zht amOoe ^moOZ AdH$me ‘| AnZo n[a¶moOZm

H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& Cgo narjmAm| Ho$ {bE n‹T>Zo Ho$ {bE AnZo {ejH$m|

AWdm A{^^mdH$m§o Ûmam H$^r ^r H$hZo H$s Oê$aV Zht h¡ Am¡a dh

dmñVd ‘| grIZo H$m AmZÝX boVm ZOa AmVm h¡& Cgo .......... Ho$ ê$n

‘| gdm©{YH$ ~ohVa ê$n ‘| d{U©V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&(1) AmÝV[aH$ ê$n go A{^ào[aV {ejmWu

(2) VÏ¶ AmYm[aV {ejmWu

(3) {ejH$ A{^ào[aV {ejmWu

(4) ‘mnZ AmYm[aV [ejmWu

145. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm CXmhaU A{^àoaUm H$m n[aUm‘ Zht h¡?(1) H¥$îUm Zo Z¥Ë¶ H$m g‘¶ EH$ KÊQ>o go ~‹T>mH$a Xmo KÊQ>o H$a {X¶m h¡&

(2) Om°Z ñQw>AQ>© {‘b Zo 12 df© H$s C‘« ‘| Xe©Z H$m AÜ¶¶Z Amaå^ H$a

{X¶m Wm&

(3) OJZ Zo ídmg boZo H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ê${M {XImZr àmaå^ H$a Xr h¡&

(4) am‘ Zo VoOr go AmYw{ZH$ Ed§ àmMrZ Eo{Vhm{gH$ àd¥{Îm¶m| ‘o§ ghgå~ÝY

ñWm{nV H$aZo ‘| àJ{V H$s h¡&

146. {ZåZ ‘| go ³¶m EH$ à^mdr àe§gm Ho$ ê$n ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ Ho$ {bE H$m¶©

H$aoJm?(1) {dÚm{W©¶mo§ Ho$ AdYmZ H$mo CZHo$ H$m¶© go gå~pÝYV ì¶dhma na Ho$pÝÐV

H$aVm h¡&

(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ dV©‘mZ H$m¶© {ZînmXZ H$mo CZHo$ g‘yh Ho$ AÝ¶ gm{W¶m|

Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| d{U©V H$aVm h¡&

(3) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo CZH$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| AWdm H$m¶© {ZînmXZ Ho$ ‘hÎd H$s

gyMZm XoVm h¡&

(4) O~ {dÚmWu AnZo ì¶dhma H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV Zht H$a nmVo Vmo CÝh|

gH$mamË‘H$ ì¶dhmamË‘H$ g‘W©Z àXmZ H$aVm h¡&

*******

139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.

(3) (2) (2) (3) (4) (1) (3) (4)

AJa Amn B.Ed, D.Ed, BSTC ¶m {ejU AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ joÌ ‘| n‹T>mB©



h¡ Vmo H¥$n¶m H$‘ go H$‘ 20 {dÚmWu {‘bH$a ìhmQ²>gEn Jw«n ~Zm b|&UPTET - 95301 43210 MP Samvida - 95302 43210 BTET - 95302 43210 UTET - 72209 29294JTET - 72209 29239HTET - 72209 29266CGTET - 72209 28969HPTET - 72209 28535




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AÜ¶m¶ 9

ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±

9.1 àñVmdZmg§gma ‘| g^r dñVwE± J{Verb hmoVr h¢, {H$gr ‘| ^r g‘mZVm Zht nm¶r OmVr&

g^r O¡dr¶ nXmWm] ‘| g‘mZVm Zht hmoJr, ³¶m|{H$ CZH$m {dH$mg AnZr-AnZr

J{V go hmoVm h¡& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ‘Zwî¶m| ‘| g~go A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| nm¶r OmVr

h¡, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd àH¥${V H$s g~go J{Verb aMZm h¡& AV… H$h gH$Vo h¢ {H$

g§gma ‘| H$moB© ^r Xmo ‘mZd ¶m ‘Zwî¶ g‘mZ Zht hmoVo& ¶h {^ÝZVm emar[aH$,

‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ ê$n go nm¶r OmVr h¡&

H$moB© ^r Xmo ì¶p³V g‘mZ Zht hmoVo h¢& ¶hm± VH$ {H$ Ow‹S>dm± ~ÀMm| ‘|

^r {H$gr Z {H$gr AmYma na {^ÝZVm XoIr Om gH$Vr h¡& dh {^ÝZVm ‘Zwî¶m|

‘| hr Zht nm¶r OmVr daZ² ¶h OmZdam|, no‹S>-nm¡Ym| ‘§o ^r hmoVr h¡& O¡go Jwbm~

d J§oXo Ho$ g^r nm¡Yo EH$ O¡go Zht hmoVo h¢ d CZ‘| nwînm| ‘| ^r H$moB© g‘mZVm

Zht hmoVr&

dV©‘mZ H$mb ‘| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ AZwgma hr {ejm àXmZ H$s

OmVr h¡& ¶h EH$ ~hþV hr ‘hÎdnyU© nj h¡, {OgH$m Ü¶mZ AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo n‹T>mVo

g‘¶ aIZm Mm{hE&

9.2 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s n[a^mfmE±{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s AZoH$ n[a^mfmE± Xr h¡,

CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI n[a^mfmE± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. Q>m¶ba Ho$ AZwgma-

eara Ho$ AmH$ma Am¡a ñdê$n, emar[aH$ H$m¶m], J{V gå~ÝYr j‘VmAm|, ~w{Õ,

CnbpãY, kmZ, ê${M¶m|, A{^d¥[Îm¶m| d ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| ‘| ‘mn H$s Om gH$Zo dmbr

{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s CnpñW{V {gÕ H$s Om MwH$s h¢&


ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| go h‘mam VmËn¶© ì¶p³VËd Ho$ CZ g^r nhbwAm| go h¡,

{OZH$m ‘mnZ d ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

3. H$mQ>©a dr. JwS> Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm, ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| {H$gr EH$ {deofVm ¶m AZoH$ {deofVmAm| H$mo

boH$a nm¶r OmZo dmbr {d{^ÝZVm h¡, Omo gånyU© ê$n ‘| do gmao ôX d AÝVa h¢, Omo

EH$ ì¶p³V H$mo Xÿgao go AbJ H$aVr h¡&

4. Ooåg S>óda Ho$ AZwgma-

Am¡gV g‘yh go ‘mZ{gH$, emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶ Ho$

ê$n ‘| {^ÝZVm ¶m AÝVa H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ ôX H$hVo h¢&

AV… g§jon ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, gm§do{JH$

Am{X {H$gr ^r ÑpîQ> go Xmo ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd VWm {H«$¶mAm| ‘| Omo

{^ÝZVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± H$hVo h¢&

9.3 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ àH$maì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm go VmËn¶© {H$gr Z {H$gr ê$n ‘| ì¶p³V go {^ÝZ hmoZm h¡&

Q>‘©Z Ho$ AZwgma-

CÀM ¶mo½¶Vm dmbm| ¶m à{V^membr ~ÀMm| ‘| Hw$N> hX VH$ AnZr AZoH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm|

Ho$ ‘m‘bo ‘| AnZo hr ^rVa ¶m AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ gmW [^ÝZVmE± hmoVr h¢&

EH$ ì¶p³V Amdí¶H$ Zht h¡ {H$ Xÿgao go g^r ~mVmo§ ‘| g‘mZ hmo&

CgH$m AÝVa EH$ Zht AZoH$ ê$nm| ‘| hmo gH$Vm h¡& ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE±

{ZåZ{b{IV àH$ma H$s hmo gH$Vr h¡-

1. emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±

emar[aH$ {^ÝZVm go VmËn¶© a§J-ê$n, H$X, ¶m¡Z-ôX, emar[aH$ n[an³dVm

Am{X Ho$ AÝVa go h¡& bå~m ¶m N>moQ>m H$X, ‘moQ>m ¶m nVbm AmH$ma emar[aH$

[^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&

2. ~m¡{ÕH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±

~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na r ì¶p³V ‘| {d{^ÝZVm hmoVr h¡& ~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa Ho$ AmYma na

ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AgmYmaU à{V^membr go ‘y‹T> VH$ {d{^ÝZ lo{U¶m| ‘| {d^m{OV

H$a gH$Vo h¢&

3. ÑpîQ>H$moUm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±

CnbpãY narjUm| go ¶h {gÕ hmo MwH$m h¡ {H$ àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| AbJ-AbJ

CnbpãY ¶mo½¶VmE± hmoVr h¢& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm n‹T>Zo, {bIZo VWm J{UV grIZo ‘|

ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& EH$ hr ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ ~ÀMm| ‘| ^r ¶h CnbpãY

{d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& ~w{Õ Ho$ {d{dY VÎdm| H$s {d{^ÝZVm

VWm {d{dY AZw^dm|, ê${M¶m| VWm e¡j{UH$ n¥îR>^y{‘ Ho$ H$maU CnbpãY

{d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡&

4. JË¶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±

àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| JË¶mË‘H$ ¶mo½¶Vm ^r AbJ-AbJ hmoVr h¡& H$B© ì¶p³V

‘¡Ho${ZH$b H$m‘ AmgmZr go H$a gH$Vo h¢, naÝVw H$B© ì¶p³V EH$ hr Am¶w ñVa

Ho$ hmoZo na ^r H$m¶m] ‘| H${R>ZmB© AZw^d H$aVo h¢&

5. b¢{JH$ AmYma na {d{^ÝZVmE±

Q>‘©Z Zo Hw$N> AÜ¶¶Zm| Ho$ AmYma na ñÌr VWm nwê$fm| ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV

{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$s ImoO H$s h¢-












àJÊ¶ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¥îR> 153



1. pñÌ¶m± S>´m°B§J Xn©U ‘o AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ Hw$eb hmoVr h¢& dmUr Am{X

H$s Ìw{Q>¶m± nwê$fm| ‘| Zmar H$s Anojm VrZ JwZm hmoVr h¡&

2. Zm[a¶m± gwPmdm| Ho$ à{V A{YH$ J«hUerb hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ nwê$fm| ‘|

Zm[a¶m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ a§J-AÝYVm hmoVr h¡&

6. ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±

bmoJm| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZVmE± r hmoVr h¢& BZ {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ AmYma

na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H$B© dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m J¶m h¡& O¡go-

1. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>… dJ©- g¡ÕmpÝVH$,

Am{W©H$, gm‘m{OH$, gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$, amOZr{VH$ VWm Ym{‘©H ~Zm¶o h¢&

2. Ow§J Zo ì¶p³VËd [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na VrZ dJ©- AÝV‘w©Ir,

~{h‘©wIr VWm C^¶‘wIr ~Zm¶o h¢&

3. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo {MÝVZerbVm Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJ©- A‘yV© {MÝVH$,

{dMmamË‘H$ {MÝVH$, dñVwnaH$ {MÝVH$ VWm Am§{JH$ AZw^d àYmZ {MÝVH$ ~Zm¶o h¢&

4. Q>‘©Z Zo ~w{Õ ñVa Ho$ AmYma na Zm¡ dJ©- à{V^membr, à{V^membr Ho$ {ZH$Q>, A[V CÎm‘, CÎm‘, Am¡gV, {nN>‹S>o hþE, Xþ~©b ‘mZ{gH$Vm dmbo, ‘ÝX ~w{Õ VWm ‘y‹T ~Zm¶o h¢&

5. OmoS>©Z Zo ì¶p³VJV [^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- {H«$¶merb VWm {dMmamË‘H$ ~Zm¶o h¢&

6. Q´>mQ>a Zo ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na Xmo dJ©- pñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm gånÝZ VWm ApñWa ‘mZ{gH$Vm dmbo ~Zm¶o h¢&

7. ^mdmË‘H$ {d{^ÝZVmE±

h‘ XoIVo h¢ {H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V OëXr hr H«$mo{YV hmo OmVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> Xoa go&

Hw$N> ì¶p³V ~hþV hr emÝV ahVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> OëXr hr {M‹T> OmVo h¢& g§doJm| H$s

¶h {^ÝZVm ì¶p³VËd g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ {bE g‘ñ¶m hmoVr h¡&

8. M[aÌ ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE±

M[aÌ ^r g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m g‘mZ Zht hmoVm& Hw$N> AÀN>o M[aÌ dmbo hmoVo h¢

Am¡a Hw$N> Iam~, Hw$N> H$m‘wH$ hmoVo h¢, Hw$N> gÁOZ Am{X& M[aÌ H$s {deofVmE±

hr ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V ‘| ôX CËnÝZ H$aVr h¢&

9. CnbpãY H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±

g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$s e¡{jH$ AWdm ì¶mdhm[aH$ OrdZ ‘|o CnbpãY g‘mZ Zht

hmoVr, H$moB© H$‘ n[al‘ go A{YH$ n[aUm‘ àmá H$aVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© A{YH$

n[al‘ go H$‘& {ejH$ EH$ hr dmVmdaU ‘| n‹T>mVm h¡, naÝVw g^r N>mÌm| Ho$

A§H$ g‘mZ Zht AmVo&

10. A{YJ‘ H$s {d{^ÝZVmE±

{H$gr H$m¶© H$mo grIZo H$s ¶mo½¶Vm ^r àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& H$moB©

OëXr grIVm h¡, Vmo H$mooB© Xoa go& gmW grIr JB© {H«$¶m go bm^ CR>mZo H$s

¶mo½¶Vm ‘| ^r {^ÝZVm nmB© OmVr h¡&

9.4 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maUì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ nm¶o OmZo Ho$ AZoH$ H$maU {dÚ‘mZ h¢, {OZ‘| go

Hw$N> H$maU {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. d§emZwH«$‘

ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m EH$ à‘wI H$maU d§emZwH«$‘ h¡& ì¶p³V H$mo H$B© JwU

AnZo d§e go {damgV ‘| {‘bVr h¢, O¡g-Mohao Ho$ Z³e, Am±Im| H$m a§J, ~mb,

a§J-ê$n, {ga H$m AmH$ma; Hw$N> ~r‘m[a¶m±- a³VMmn, H¢$ga, Q>r.~r., Am{X H$s

Amoa àd¥{Îm, Hw$N> ‘mZ{gH$ {deofVmE±, O¡go- ~w[Õ, A‘yV© {MÝVZ, ÑpîQ>H$moU,

g§H$sU©VmE± Am{X& d§emZwJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ Ed§

‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg ^r AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| go {^ÝZ hmoVm h¡&

2. dmVmdaU

ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo ‘| dmVmdaU H$m ‘hÎdnyU© hmW h¡&

dmVmdaU ‘| n[adV©Z ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ n[adV©Z ‘| à{V{~på~V hmoVm h¡&

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³V Ho$ dmVmdaU ‘| do g^r CËàoaUmE± gpå‘{bV

h¢ Omo dh OÝ‘ go ‘aU VH$ àmá H$aVm h¡& Bg‘| ^m¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$,

Z¡{VH$, amOZr{VH$, Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ep³V¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢& AmYw{ZH$

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m {dídmg h¡ {H$ d§emZwH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU XmoZm| ì¶p³VJV

{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo à^m{dV H$aVo h¢&

3. Om{V, àOm{V Ed§ amîQ>´ H$m à^md

{d{^ÝZ Om{V¶m| H$o bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go {XImB© XoVr h¡& àm¶… ¶h

XoIm J¶m h¡ {H$ joÌr¶ Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ gmhg hmoVm h¡ Am¡a EH$

ì¶mnmar Ho$ b‹S>Ho$ ‘| ì¶mnma H$s A{YH$ àd¥[Îm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma {d{^ÝZ

amîQ>´m| Ho$ bmoJm| Ho$ M[aÌ, ì¶p³VËd VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶VmAm| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm

hmoVr h¡& ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ^m¡Jmo{bH$, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ dmVmdaU ‘| n¡Xm

hmoVr h¡& H$B© AÜ¶¶Zm| go ¶h ~mV {gÕ hmo MwH$s h¡ {H$ A‘o[aH$Z VWm ZrJ«mo

Om{V Ho$ bmoJm| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢, Mr{Z¶m| VWm Omnm{Z¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¢,

A§J«oOm| VWm ^maVr¶m| ‘| {d{^ÝZVmE± h¡ Am{X&

4. b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVmE±

b‹S>H$m| VWm b‹S>{H$¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CZH$s b¢{JH$ {d{^ÝZVm ñnîQ> ê$n go

ÑpîQ>JmoMa hmoVr h¡& b‹S>{H$¶m| H$m emar[aH$ {dH$mg b‹S>H$m| go EH$ ¶m Xmo gmb

nhbo hmoVm h¡& 11 go 14 df© H$s AdñWm Ho$ ~rM ‘| b‹S>{H$¶m± b‹S>H$m| H$s

Anojm A{YH$ bå~r Am¡a mar hmo OmVr h¢, naÝVw 15 df© H$s AdñWm ‘| b‹S>Ho$

A{YH$ VoOr go ~‹T>Zo bJVo h¢&

5. Am¶w VWm ~w{Õ

Am¶w H$s d¥{Õ go emar[aH$, ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm ^mdmË‘H$ {dH$mg ^r hmoVm h¡& ~w{Õ

{d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| ^r {d{^ÝZVm CËnÝZ hmoVr h¡& {OZ ~ÀMm| H$m

~m¡{ÕH$ ñVa VWm ‘mZ{gH$ AdñWm Am¡gV go ZrMo hmoVr h¡, CÝh| grIZo ‘|

~hþV H${R>ZmB© hmoVr h¢, O~{H$ Am¡gV ~w{Õ dmbo ~ÀMm| H$mo grIZo ‘| AmgmZr

hmoVr h¡&

6. ñd^md Am¡a ^mdm| ‘| pñWaVm

Hw$N> ì¶{³V ñd^md go hr OëXr H$m‘ H$aZo dmbo hmoVo h¢ O~{H$ Hw$N> ì¶p³V

Yrao-Yrao H$m‘ H$aVo h¢& Hw$N> ì¶{³V {dZmoX{à¶ hmoVo h¢, Vmo Hw$N> ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo

OëXr Jwñgm Am OmVm h¡& ì¶p³V H$s ^mdmË‘H$ pñWaVm emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$

VÎdm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ H$maU {d{^ÝZ ê$n YmaU H$a boVr h¢& ^mdmË‘H$






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pñWaVm H$r ¶h {d{^ÝZVm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¢

7. Am{W©H$ pñW{V Am¡a {ejm

‘mVm-{nVm H$s Am{W©H$ pñW{V VWm {ejm go ^r ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmE± n¡Xm

hmoVr h¢& Xmo Am{W©H$ dJm] Ho$ ~ÀMmo§ ‘| g‘mZVm hmoZm Agå^d h¡&

9.5 {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m

‘hÎd Ed§ Cn¶mo{JVm{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo H«$mpÝVH$mar n[adV©Z {H$E h¢& H$^r {ejm {ejH$

Ho$pÝÐV Wr, ‘Zmo{dkmZ Ho$ àdoe go dh ~mb Ho$pÝÐV hmo JB©& BVZm hr Zht

A{nVw d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z go Cgo nyU© ê$n go ~mb Ho$pÝÐV ~ZmZo

Ho$ à¶ËZ ewê$ hmo JE& dV©‘mZ ‘| {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd

~‹T> J¶m h¡, CgH$s Cn¶mo{JVm ~‹T> JB© h¡ Am¡a {ejm Ho$ ha joÌ ‘| CgH$m

Cn¶moJ {H$¶m Om ahm h¡& {ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘o| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m ‘hÎd {ZåZ

àH$ma g‘Pm Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ {ZYm©aU ‘|

dV©‘mZ ‘| {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s {ejm Ho$ CÔoí¶ Cg ñVa Ho$ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m|

H$s ÑpîQ> go {ZYm©[aV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a CÀM A§em| Ho$ ñWmZ na ¶WmW© Ho$

YamVb na {ZpíMV {H$E OmVo h¢&

2. [ejm H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© Ho$ {Z‘m©U ‘|

dV©‘mZ ‘| gd©àW‘ {H$gr ^r ñVa Ho$ {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$

AmYma na VrZ dJm]-{ZåZ, ‘Ü¶ Am¡a CÀM ‘| dJuH¥$V {H$¶m OmVm h¡, ³¶m|{H$

{H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| A{YH$Va (bJ^J 68 à{VeV) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ JwU {deof

‘| àmám§H$ ‘Ü¶‘mZ AWm©V² Am¡gV H$s Amoa PwHo$ hmoVo h¢, bJ^J 27 à{VeV

Ho$ Am¡gV go Hw$N> Xÿa hmoVo h¢ Am¡a bJ^J 4.5 à{VeV Ho$ àmám§H$ Am¡gV go

~hþV H$‘ AWdm ~hþV A{YH$ hmoVo h¢, Bgr{bE {H$gr ^r ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m©

H$m bJ^J 70 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV {ejm{W©¶m| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m OmVm

h¡, bJ^J 15 à{VeV ^mJ Am¡gV go ZrMo Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s ÑpîQ> go V¡¶ma {H$¶m

OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m bJ^J 15 à{VeV mJ Eogm hmoVm h¡, {Ogo CÀM ñVa Ho$

N>mÌ hr gabVm go g‘P gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ghnmR²>¶Mmar {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ {ZYm©aU

‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m Ü¶mZ aIm OmVm h¡&

3. N>mÌm| Ho$ dJuH$aU ‘|

dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg ~mV na ~hþV ~b {X¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ {H$gr ^r H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm|

H$m CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘VmAm| Ho$ AmYma na H$‘ go H$‘ VrZ

dJm] ‘| dJuH$aU {H$¶m OmE-{ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM& AmXe© pñW{V Vmo dh

‘mZr OmVr h¡, {Og‘| BZ VrZm| dJm] Ho$ N>mÌm| H$s {ejm ì¶dñWm AbJ-AbJ

H$s OmE, bo{H$Z Ohm± Eogm gå^d Z hmo, CZ na ì¶p³VJV ê$n go Ü¶mZ

{X¶m OmVm h¡&

4. H$jm H$o AmH$ma {ZYm©aU ‘|

¶{X d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na N>mÌm| H$mo {ZåZ, Am¡gV Am¡a CÀM VrZ

g‘ê$n g‘yhm| ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, Am¡a ¶{X CÝh| EH$ hr gmW

EH$ hr H$jm ‘| n‹T>m¶m OmVm h¡ Vmo ^r, H$jm H$m AmH$ma N>moQ>m hmoZm Mm{hE,

Cgr pñW{V ‘| {ejH$ CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VJV ê$n

go ghm¶Vm H$a gH$Vo h¢& {eew ñVa na EH$ H$jm dJ© ‘| 25, ~mb ñVa na

30, {H$emoa ñVa na 40 Am¡a Cggo D$na Ho$ ñVa na 50 go A{YH$ N>mÌ-

N>mÌmAm| H$s g§»¶m Zht hmoZr Mm{hE&

5. {ejU {d{Y¶m| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|

dV©‘mZ ‘| CZ {ejU {d{Y¶m§o H$mo AÀN>m ‘mZm OmVm h¡ Omo H$jm {deof Ho$

N>mÌm| Ho$ AZwHy$b hm|, {OZ‘| A{YH$Va N>mÌm| H$s ê${M hmo, {OZ‘| N>mÌ AnZr

d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na AnZr J{V go grI gH|$& Bg ÑpîQ> go {eew

ñVa na ‘m°ÝQ>ogar àUmbr Am¡a {H$ÊS>a JmQ>©Z àUmbr AÀN>r ‘mZr OmVr h¢

Am¡a ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na ¶moOZm {d{Y Am¡a A{^H«${‘H$ AZwXoeZ AÀN>r

{d{Y¶m± ‘mZr OmVr h¢&

6. {ejU gmYZm| Ho$ M¶Z ‘|

h‘ OmZVo h¢ {H$ g^r ~ÀMo g^r {ejU gmYZm| ‘| g‘mZ ê${M Zht boVo AV…

Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ {eew, ~mb Am¡a {H$emoa ñVa na {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ {ejU gmYZm|

H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmE& dV©‘mZ ‘o§ Ñí¶-lì¶ gmYZm|-Amoda hoS> àmoOo³Q>a,

Q>obr{dOZ Am¡a H$åß¶yQ>a H$m à¶moJ ~‹T>Vm Om ahm h¡, na BZ‘| ^r g^r ~ÀMo

g‘mZ ê$n go ê${M Zht boVo, Omo {Og‘| ê${M b| CÝh| Cgr Ho$ Ûmam grIZo

Ho$ Adga {XE OmZo Mm{hE&

7. d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm ‘|

~ÀMm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm BVZr A{YH$ hmoVr h¡ {H$ g~ ÑpîQ>¶m| go g‘ê$n

g‘yh ~ZmZm H${R>Z hmoVm h¡ Bgr{bE d¡¶p³VH$ ghm¶Vm Amdí¶H$ hmoVr h¡&

¶h ghm¶Vm H$B© ê$nm| ‘| XoZr hmoVr h¡& H$jm ‘| nmR> H$m {dH$mg H$aVo g‘¶

àm¶… àíZ nyN>o OmVo h¢, {ejH$m| H$mo Mm{hE {H$ àíZm| H$m {dVaU nyar H$jm ‘|

H$a|, gab àíZm| Ho$ CÎma {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>|, gm‘mÝ¶ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma

gm‘mÝ¶ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| go nyN>| Am¡a H${R>Z àíZm| Ho$ CÎma CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm|

go nyN>| Am¡a àíZm| Ho$ ghr CÎma Z XoZo na N>mÌm| H$s H${R>ZmB© H$mo g‘P| Am¡a

Cgo Xÿa H$a|& H$‘Omoa N>mÌm| H$mo AbJ go g‘¶ XoH$a ^r CZH$s d¡¶p³VH$ ê$n

go ghm¶Vm H$aZr Mm{hE&

8. J¥hH$m¶© H$s ‘mÌm ‘|

d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m nhbm VH$mOm ¶h h¡ {H$ {eew ñVa na ~hþV H$‘ ‘mÌm ‘|

J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE, ~mb Ed§ {H$emoa ñVa na Cggo A{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| Am¡a D$na

Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo ñdmÜ¶m¶ H$s Amoa àd¥Îm {H$¶m OmE& {H$gr ämr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘|

go {ZåZ ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V H$‘, Am¡gV ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo Am¡gV

Am¡a CÀM ñVa Ho$ N>mÌm| H$mo AnojmH¥$V A{YH$ J¥hH$m¶© {X¶m OmE&

9. e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ ‘|

d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm Ho$ kmZ go A~ ¶h Amdí¶H$ g‘Pm OmVm h¡ {H$ N>mÌm|

H$mo CZH$s emar[aH$ Ed§ ‘mZ{gH$ j‘Vm Ed§ ê${M VWm ê$PmZ Ho$ AmYma na

AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ {df¶ Ed§ joÌ MwZZo ‘| ghm¶Vm H$s OmE Am¡a CZH$s A{Yj‘Vm Ed§

{d{eîQ> ¶mo½¶Vm Ho$ AmYma na CÝh| à{ejU hoVw H$m¡eb AWdm ì¶dgm¶ M¶Z

‘| ghm¶Vm Xr OmE& Bgo hr H«$‘e… e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ {ZX}eZ H$hVo h¢&















9.6 ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| na AmYm[aV

{ejU à{d{Y¶m±ì¶p³VJV {ejU H$s à‘wI à{d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. àmoOo³Q> àUmbr

Bg nÕ{V H$m OÝ‘ A‘o[aH$m ‘| hþAm VWm Bg nÕ{V Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm {H$bn¡{Q>´H$

Wo& CZHo$ AZwgma-

àmoOo³Q> nyao ‘Z go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm EH$ CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡ Omo gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU

‘| gånÝZ hmoVm h¡&

Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ AnZr ê${M go ¶moOZm H$m M¶Z H$aVm h¡, O¡go-

{‘Q²>Q>r Ho$ ~V©Z ~ZmZm, Jw{‹S>¶m H$m Ka ~ZmZm, ZmQ>H$ IobZm, ~mJdmZr H$aZm,

OmZdam| H$mo nmbZm Am{X& ¶h {d{Y H$aHo$ grImo {gÕmÝV na ~b XoVr h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| N>mÌm| H$mo EH$-EH$ H$m¶© gm¢n {X¶m OmVm h¡, {Ogo do {‘b-Owb

H$a nyam H$aVo h¢ O¡go-gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$m¶©H«$‘ ¶m {nH${ZH$ H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm&

¶moOZm Ho$ nXm| ‘| n[apñW{V {Z‘m©U, M¶Z, {Z¶moOZ, nyU© H$aZm, ‘yë¶m§H$Z

VWm A§H$Z à‘wI h¢& {H$bn¡{Q>´H$ Ho$ AZwgma-

¶moOZm, gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU ‘| nyU© g§b½ZVm go {H$¶m OmZo dmbm CÔoí¶nyU© H$m¶© h¡&

2. S>mëQ>Z àUmbr

Bg àUmbr H$mo {‘g hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo {X¶m& Bg àUmbr ‘| N>mÌ H$mo AnZr

¶mo½¶Vm, j‘Vm d ê${M Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶© H$aZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Cgo

g‘¶ Ho$ ~ÝYZ ‘| Zht ~m±Ym OmVm& {dÚmWu Mmho Vmo gmao {XZ EH$ hr {df¶ n‹T>

gH$Vm h¡& Bg‘| àË¶oH$ {df¶ Ho$ {b¶o à¶moJembm ~ZmB© OmVr h¡& Bg àUmbr

H$s ‘w»¶ {deofVm H$m¶© H$m R>oH$m h¡ {Ogo N>mÌ H$mo {ZpíMV Ad{Y ‘| nyam H$aZm

hmoVm h¡& df© â Ho$ H$m¶© H$mo dh ‘hrZm|, gámhm| d {XZm| ‘| ~m±Q> gH$Vm h¡&

Bg àUmbr ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ ‘mÌ EH$ nW-àXe©H$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶© H$aVm h¡& {‘g

hoboZ nmH©$hñQ>© Zo S>mëQ>Z ¶moOZm Ho$ AW© H$mo ñnîQ> H$aVo hþE {bIm h¡ {H$-

S>mëQ>Z à¶moJembm ¶moOZm {ejU H$s àUmbr AWdm nÕ{V Zht h¡& ¶h e¡{jH$

nwZJ©R>Z H$s EH$ {d{Y h¡, Omo grIZ| H$s gå~Õ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| EH$Vm ñWm{nV H$aVr h¡&

3. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr

Bg ¶moOZm H$m à{VnmXZ S>m°. H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ© Zo {H$¶m& Bg ¶moOZm ‘| ^r

~mbH$ H$mo H$m¶© H$aZo H$s nyU© ñdVÝÌVm ahVr h¡& Bg‘| nyao nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo

N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m J¶m h¡& N>mÌ EH$ BH$mB© H$m g’$bVmnyd©H$

AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo Ho$ ~mX hr Xÿgar BH$mB© H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ AnZo kmZ

H$s narjm ñd¶§ H$aVm h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ ‘mÌ ‘mJ©-Xe©H$ hmoVm h¡& Bg ¶moOZm ‘|

H$moB© ~mbH$ AZwÎmrU© Zht hmoVm VWm àË¶oH$ {df¶ ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo AbJ go J«oS>

{X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ~mbH$ H$m B©‘mZXma hmoZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

4. S>oH«$mobr àUmbr

Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm S>m°. Amo{dS> S>oH«$mobr Wo Omo ~ob{Á¶‘ ‘| àmo’o$ga Wo&

CZHo$ AZwgma ~mbH$ H$mo {ejm CgHo$ OrdZ go hr {‘bZr Mm{h¶o& Bg {d{Y ‘|

~mbH$m| H$m {d^mOZ CZH$s ê${M, j‘Vm Ed§ ñVa Ho$ AZwgma H$a {X¶m OmVm

h¡& {’$a CÝh| CZH$s j‘Vm Ho$ AZwgma AmJo ~‹T>Zo {X¶m OmVm h¡& S>oH«$mobr àUmbr

‘| ñHy$b H$m dmVmdaU àmH¥${VH$ hmoVm h¡& Ohm± ~mbH$m| H$mo CXma {ejm Xr OmVr

h¡& b‹S>Ho$-b‹S>{H$¶m| H$mo EH$ gmW {ejm Xr OmVr h¡ VWm BZH$s g§»¶m 20-25

hmoVr h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| ‘mVm-{nVm H$m ^r gh¶moJ {b¶m OmVm h¡ VWm ~mbH$ ‘|

gm‘y{hH$ ^mdZm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& øyO VWm øyO Ho$ AZwgma-

S>oH«$mobr {d{Y ~mbH$ H$mo ‘yV© Ed§ A‘yV© H$m¶m] H$mo H$aZo H$m Adga àXmZ H$a AmË‘

àH$meZ H$mo CËgm{hV H$aVr h¡& ¶h {d{Y OrdZ Ho$ {b¶o, OrdZ Ûmam {gÕmÝV na

AmYm[aV h¡&

5. H$m°ÝQ>ó³Q> àUmbr

¶h ¶moOZm EH$ àH$ma go S>mëQ>Z àUmbr VWm {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr H$m {‘bm-Owbm ê$n h¡& Bg‘| N>mÌ H$mo gámh, ‘hrZo ¶m df©â H$m H$m¶© EH$ gmW hr Xo

{X¶m OmVm h¡& H$moB© g‘¶-gmaUr H$m ~ÝYZ Zht hmoVm Am¡a Z hr nmR²>¶H«$‘ Ho$

N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o ^mJ {H$¶o OmVo h¢& N>mÌ H$mo H$m¶© H$aZo H$s nyar ñdVÝÌVm ahVr h¡&

dh Mmho Vmo df© H$m H$m¶© 8 ‘hrZo ‘| nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a ¶{X dh {H$Ýhr

H$maUm| go H$m¶© nyam Zht H$a nmVm, Vmo dh Cgo AJbo df© nyam H$a gH$Vm h¡&

H$m¶© H$s g‘m{á na CgH$s narjm br OmVr h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ Ag’$b hmoZo na

CgHo$ H$maUm| H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

6. {H«$¶m-¶moOZm

{H«$¶m-¶moOZm dñVwV… H$moB© ¶moOZm Zht h¡, ~pëH$ {ejU à{H«$¶m H$m EH$

nhby h¡& AÜ¶mnH$ H$m ¶h à¶mg ahVm h¡ {H$ CgHo$ {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| nyao

g‘¶ g{H«$¶ ~Zo ah|& Bg{b¶o O~ VH$ {dÚmWu àíZ nyN>H$a nmR²>¶-dñVw H$mo

AmË‘gmV H$aZo H$s H$mo{ee Zht H$aVm, AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo gÝVwpîQ> Zht hmoVr& Bg

{d{Y ‘| AÜ¶mnH$ N>mÌ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$m {ZarjU H$aVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo dhr {H«$¶m

gm¢nr Om¶o, Omo CgHo$ ‘mZ{gH$ ñVa Ho$ AZwHy$b hmo&

Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ H$~ {H$¶m Om¶o? Bg gå~ÝY ‘| emoBZMoZ Zo

{bIm h¡ {H$

{H«$¶m-¶moOZm {d{Y H$m à¶moJ Cg g‘¶ {H$¶m OmVm h¡ O~ {H$gr {df¶ ‘| {ejU

bú¶m| H$mo AmJo ~‹T>mZo hoVw ~mbH$m| Ûmam {H$gr àH$ma H$s {H«$¶m H$s OmVr h¡&

7. A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ

¶h àUmbr EH$ àH$ma go {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr H$m hr ê$n h¡& {Og àH$ma {dZo{Q>H$m

àUmbr ‘| h‘ nmR²>¶H«$‘ H$mo N>moQ>r-N>moQ>r BH$mB¶m| ‘| ~m±Q> boVo h¡, d¡go hr ¶o

BH$mB¶m± Bg A{^H«${‘V AZwXoeZ ‘| àmoJ«m‘ H$hbmVr h¢& A~ N>mÌ EH$-EH$ àmoJ«m‘ H$mo boH$a MbVm h¡ VWm Cgo nyam H$aVm h¡& EH$ àmoJ«m‘ Ho$ g’$bVmnyd©H$

H$a boZo na hr Cgo Xÿgam àmoJ«m‘ {X¶m OmVm h¡& Omo {dÚmWu àW‘ à¶mg ‘|

àmoJ«m‘ Zht grI nmVm Cgo ’$sS>~oH$ Xr OmVr h¡ VWm Omo grI OmVm h¡ Cgo

nwañH$ma {X¶m OmVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo {ZYm©[aV g‘¶ gr‘m ‘| hr gmao àmoJ«m‘ H$aZo

hmoVo h¢& S>r. Eb. Hw$H$ Ho$ AZwgma-

A{^H«${‘V AÜ¶¶Z ñd¶§ {ejU {d{Y¶m| H$s {dñV¥V AdYmaUm H$mo ñnîQ> H$aZo Ho$

{b¶o à¶w³V EH$ n¶m©¶ h¡&

’¡«$S> ñQ>mo’¡$b Ho$ AZwgma-

kmZ Ho$ N>moQ>o-N>moQ>o A§Jm| H$mo EH$ Vm{H©$H$ H«$‘ ‘| ì¶dpñWV H$aZo H$s A{^H«$‘ d

BgH$s g‘J« à{H«$¶m H$mo A{^H«${‘V AÜ¶¶Z H$hVo h¢&






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8. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr

Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm ’«$mo~ob h¢& {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z eãX H$m AW© h¡ ~ÀMm| H$m

~JrMm& ’«$mo~ob {ejH$ H$mo ‘mbr VWm ~ÀMo H$mo nm¡Ym ‘mZVm h¡& CgH$m H$hZm

h¡ {H$ ~mbH$ EH$ A{dH${gV nm¡Ym h¡ Omo {ejH$ ê$nr ‘mbr H$s XoIaoI ‘|

nZnVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘| ~mbH$ H$mo nwñVH$m| go Zht bmXm OmVm ~pëH$ Cgo

ñdVÝÌ ê$n go h±gZo, IobZo, ~mobZo d Ky‘Zo {X¶m OmVm h¡& Bg àUmbr ‘|

~mbH$ Iob-Iob ‘| g~ Hw$N> grI OmVm h¡&

9. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr

N>moQ>o ~ÀMm| H$mo {e{jV H$aZo H$s ¶h EH$ bmoH${à¶ àUmbr h¡& Bg àUmbr H$r

OÝ‘XmÌr S>m°. ‘o[a¶m ‘m°ÊQ>ogar h¢& ¶h {d{Y ‘ÝX ~w{Õ ~mbH$m| Ho$ {b¶o ~hþV

Cn¶moJr h¡& ¶h àUmbr ‘Zmd¡km{ZH$ {gÕmÝVm| na AmYm[aV h¡& ñdVÝÌVm,

AmË‘-AZwemgZ, AmË‘{Z^©aVm, ì¶mdhm[aH$ {ejm, ì¶p³VJV {ejm, Iob,

H$‘©opÝÐ¶m| Ed§ kmZopÝÐ¶m| H$s {ejm Am{X Bg àUmbr Ho$ AmYma h¢& ÑpîQ>,

ldU, ñne©, ñdmX Ed§ K«mU ep³V¶m| VWm Kaoby CnH$aUm| Ho$ Ûmam {ejm Xr

OmVr h¡&

10. øy[apñQ>H$ nÕ{V

Bg nÕ{V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Am‘©ñQ>´m±J h¢& BgH$m AW© hmoVm h¡ ‘¢Zo ImoO {b¶m&

Bg nÕ{V Ûmam ~mbH$, {ejH$, {ZarjU, ¶ÝÌm| Am¡a nwñVH$m§o H$s ghm¶Vm go

ñd¶§ kmZmO©Z H$aVm h¡& ¶h nÕ{V {dkmZ Ho$ {b¶o {deof bm^H$a hmoVr h¡&

¶h nÕ{V ~mbH$ H$s {Okmgm àd¥[Îm H$mo Vrd« H$aVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo gX¡d g{H«$¶

~Zm¶o aIVr h¡& Bg nÕ{V Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ZZ Ho$ {dMma h¢-

³¶m|{H$ øy[apñQ>H$ nÕ{V H$m CÔoí¶-~mbH$ H$mo ‘m¡{bH$ AÝdofH$ H$s pñW{V ‘|

aIZm h¡, Bgr{b¶o ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go Iob-àUmbr h¡&

11. ~o{gH$ {ejm àUmbr

Bg àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm Jm±Yr Or Wo& ¶h àUmbr ~mbH$ Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg

na ~b XoVr h¡& Bg‘| {Z…ewëH$ {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm h¡ VWm ¶h àUmbr

hñVH$bm na AmYm[aV h¡& {ejm H$m ‘mÜ¶‘ ‘mV¥^mfm hmoVm h¡ VWm ~mbH$ ‘|

AmË‘-{Z^©aVm Ed§ AmXe© ZmJ[aH$ Ho$ JwUm| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m OmVm h¡& N>mÌ H$mo

Xoeào‘ VWm gË¶ Ed§ Aqhgm H$s {ejm Xr OmVr h¡& ¶h àUmbr ~mb-Ho$pÝÐV

{ejm na ~b XoVr h¡&

Cnamo³V g^r nÕ{V¶m±, Iob-àUmbr Ho$ à‘wI {gÕmÝVm|-ñdVÝÌVm

H$m {gÕmÝV, ê${M H$m {gÕmÝV, ñd-{ejm H$m {gÕmÝV, CÎmaXm{¶Ëd H$m

{gÕmÝV Am{X na AmYm[aV h¢& BZ nÕ{V¶m| Ho$ g‘w{MV ê$n go {H«$¶mÝd¶Z

Ho$ {b¶o gw¶mo½¶ {ejH$ H$m hmoZm na‘mdí¶H$ h¡& Eogm Z hmoZo na {ejm, {ejm

Z hmoH$a Ho$db Iob hr Iob ah Om¶oJr&

*******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m AW© h¡-(1) {H$Ýht Xmo ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| emar[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm h¡&

(2) {H$Ýht Xmo ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$, g§doJmË‘H$ {d{^ÝZVm hmoZm

(3) g^r ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd g‘mZ hmoZm

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

2. d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$s AdYmaUm H$s ImoO {H$gZo H$s?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) Q>oba Zo

(3) JmëQ>Z Zo (4) Q>‘©Z Zo

3. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$mo g‘PmZo H$m à¶ËZ g~go nhbo {H$gZo

{H$¶m Wm?(1) Ooåg S´>oda Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo

(3) Q>m°¶ba Zo (4) JmëQ>Z Zo

4. EH$ H$jm ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ joÌ hmo gH$Vo h¢-(1) ê${M¶m| Ho$

(2) grIZo Ho$

(3) M[aÌ Ho$

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

5. AÜ¶mnZ Ho$ g‘¶ AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m gdm©{YH$

Ü¶mZ aIZm Mm{hE?(1) {df¶dñVw

(2) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s Am¶w

(3) d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$s nm[adm[aH$ n¥îR>^y{‘

6. d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡-(1) Am{W©H$ pñW{V (2) d§eH«$‘

(3) ~m¡{ÕH$Vm (4) gm‘m{OH$ ñVa

7. ~mbH$ H$s {^ÝZVmE± CÔrnZm| H$m n[aUm‘ h¡& ¶h {H$gZo H$hm?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) {Jb’$moS>© Zo

(3) OaerëS> Zo (4) J¡argZ Zo

8. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m àH$ma h¡-(1) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(2) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm|


1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.

(2) (3) (4) (4) (3) (2) (4) (3)















9. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡-1. dmVmdaU 2. d§emZwH«$‘

3. Am¶w

(1) 1 Ed§ 2 (2) Ho$db 2

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

10. gr‘m ha nmR> H$mo ~hþV OëXr grI boVr h¡, O~{H$ brZm Cgo grIZo

‘| Á¶mXm g‘¶ boVr h¡& ¶h {dH$mg Ho$ ........... {gÕmÝV H$mo Xem©Vm

h¡&(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm (2) AÝV…gå~ÝY

(3) {ZaÝVaVm (4) gm‘mÝ¶ go {d{eîQ> H$s Amoa

11. hmbm±{H$ ¶h ñnîQ> ê$n go CZH$s gwajm Amdí¶H$VmAm| Ho$ Cëb§KZ ‘|

Wm, H¡$ßQ>Z {dH«$‘ ~Vam AnZo Xoe H$mo ~MmZo Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$ma{Jb ¶wÕ

‘| ‘mao JE& gå^dV… CÝh| ........... Wr&(1) ZdrZ AZw^d H$s àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m

(2) AmË‘-{g{Õ H$s àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m

(3) AnZo AnZËd gå~ÝYr Amdí¶H$VmAmo§ H$s Cnojm

(4) AnZo n[adma Ho$ Zm‘ H$s »¶m{V-àm{ßV H$s BÀN>m

12. {ZåZ ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma Zht h¡?(1) ì¶p³VËd ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (2) A{^d¥{Îm ‘| {d{^ÝZVm

(3) D±$MmB© ‘| {d{^ÝZVm (4) CnbpãY ‘| {d{^ÝZVm

13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m àH$ma h¡?(1) ê${M

(2) A{YJ‘

(3) gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg ‘| {d{^ÝZVm

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

14. ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maH$ gX¡d hr hmoVo h¢-(1) d§emJV (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ Am{W©H$

(3) g§doJmË‘H$ Ed§ ì¶p³VJV (4) n¶m©daUr¶ Ed§ d§emJV

15. {ejmWu d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm àX{e©V H$aVo h¢& AV… EH$ {ejH$ H$mo-(1) A{YJ‘ H$s EH$g‘mZ J{V na ~b XoZm Mm{hE&

(2) grIZo Ho$ {d{dY AZw^dm| H$mo CnbãY H$amZm Mm{hE&

(3) H$R>moa AZwemgZ gw{ZpíMV H$aZm Mm{hE&

(4) narjmAm| H$s g§»¶m ~‹T>m XoZr Mm{hE&

16. ì¶p³VJV {ejmWu EH$-Xÿgao go ........... ‘| {^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&(1) {dH$mg H$s Xa

(2) {dH$mg-H«$‘

(3) {dH$mg H$s gm‘mÝ¶ j‘Vm

(4) d¥{Õ Ed§ {dH$mg Ho$ {gÕmÝVm|

17. Ba’$mZ {Ibm¡Zm| H$mo Vmo‹S>Vm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ nwOm] H$mo XoIZo Ho$ {bE CÝh|

AbJ-AbJ H$a XoVm h¡& Amn ³¶m H$a|Jo?(1) Cg na h‘oem ZOa aI|Jo&

(2) CgHo$ {Okmgw ñd^md H$mo àmoËgm{hV H$a|Jo Am¡a CgH$s D$Om© H$mo ghr

{Xem ‘| g§M[aV H$a|Jo&

(3) Cgo g‘PmE±Jo {H$ {Ibm¡Zm| H$mo Vmo‹S>Zm Zht Mm{hE&

(4) Ba’$mZ H$mo {Ibm¡Zm| go H$^r ^r Zht IobZo X|Jo&

18. ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-(1) emar[aH$ AmYma (2) ‘mZ{gH$ AmYma

(3) ì¶{³VËd Ho$ JwU (4) ¶o g^r

19. O~ EH$ ì¶p³V Xÿgao ì¶{³V go ê$n, a§J, ê${M, A{^ê${M Am{X ‘§o

{^ÝZ hmo, Vmo ¶h H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) A{YJ‘ Aj‘Vm (2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(3) {dH¥$V ì¶p³VËd (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

20. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$mo OmZZo Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡-(1) ~w{Õ narjU

(2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y

(3) ì¶p³VJV narjU

(4) AÝVX©e©Z {d{Y

21. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {ejU {d{Y h¡-(1) S>mëQ>Z àUmbr (2) àmoOo³Q> àUmbr

(3) ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr (4) Cnamo³V g^r

22. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm na AmYm[aV {d{Y Zht h¡-(1) S>oH«$mobr (2) {dZo{Q>H$m

(3) {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z (4) ì¶m»¶mZ {d{Y

23. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m/Ho$ H$maU h¡/h¢-(1) AmZwd§{eH$Vm

(2) dmVmdaU

(3) emar[aH$ ‘mZ{gH$ {dMmam| H$m à^md

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

24. {H$ÊS>aJmQ>©Z àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-(1) ê$gmo (2) ’«$mo~ob

(3) noñQ>mbm°Or (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

25. {dZo{Q>H$m àUmbr Ho$ OÝ‘XmVm h¢-(1) H$mb©Q>Z dmedZ©

(2) Amo{dS> S>oH«$mobr

(3) S>ãë¶y. E. ~Q>©


9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

(4) (1) (2) (3) (4) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (2) (4) (2) (4) (4) (2) (1)






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26. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$s

CËn{Îm ‘| AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$s ^y{‘H$m H$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd {X¶m?(1) dmQ>gZ Zo (2) JmëQ>Z Zo

(3) {~Zo Zo (4) dwÊQ Zo>

27. ‘mZd Om{V ‘| do H$m¡Zgo d¡¶p³VH$ {ZYm©aH$ VÎd hmoVo h¢, Omo ‘mZd

Om{V H$s {d{dYVm H$mo ~VmVo h¢?(1) n¶m©daU H$m AÝVa

(2) AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m AÝVa

(3) AmZwd§{eH$Vm d n¶m©daU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m


28. ‘Zmo{dkmZ Zo N>mÌm| H$s j‘VmAm| Ed§ {^ÝZVmAm| H$m {díbofU H$aHo$

{ejm Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ {X¶m h¡& Cn¶w©³V ‘V {ZåZ ‘| go {H$gH$m

h¡?(1) S>o{dg H$m

(2) dmQ>gZ H$m

(3) ñQ>mCa H$m

(4) pñH$Za H$m

29. AmnHo$ {dMma ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm EH$ d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

H$m H$maU Zht h¡?(1) Om{V

(2) dmVmdaU

(3) OZg§»¶m

(4) b¢{JH$ ôX

30. ~mbH$m| ‘| nm¶r OmZo dmbr OÝ‘OmV {d{^ÝZVmAm| Ho$ {bE CÎmaXm¶r

à‘wI H$maH$ H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) n¶m©daU (2) d§emZwH«$‘

(3) g‘mO (4) Om{V-Y‘©

31. ~mbH$m| ‘| àm¶… e¡{jH$ CnbpãY Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ^r d¡¶p³VH$

{d{^ÝZVmE± nmB© OmVr h¢& BgHo$ ³¶m H$maU hmo gH$Vo h¢?(1) ê${M Ed§ {ZX}eZ

(2) g§doJmË‘H$ g‘ñ¶mE± Ed§ Ambñ¶

(3) ~m¡{ÕH$ ¶mo½¶VmE±, nyd© AZw^d Ed§ àoaUm

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

32. EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ {H$gr r g‘yh ‘| g‘wXm¶ AmYm[aV ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm|

H$mo g‘P gH$Vm h¡-(1) Am±Im| Ho$ gånH©$ Ho$ AmYma na

(2) ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na

(3) ^mfm Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V Ho$ AmYma na

(4) J¥h H$m¶© Ho$ AmYma na

33. g’$b Ed§ à^mdr {ejU Ho$ {b¶o Amdí¶H$ h¡-(1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m kmZ

(2) AnZo doVZ H$m kmZ

(3) ghH$‘u H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$m kmZ

(4) Cnamo³V g^r H$m kmZ

34. {H$gr ~mbH$ ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU Zht h¡-(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) n[an³dVm

(3) dmVmdaU (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

35. {H$gr ~mbH$ H$s Am¶w ‘| d¥{Õ hmoZo Ho$ gmW-gmW Cg‘| CËnÝZ hmoZo

dmbr d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m à‘wI H$maU h¡-(1) emar[aH$ {dH$mg (2) ‘mZ{gH$ {dH$mg

(3) g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg (4) ¶o g^r

36. AÜ¶mnH$ ~mbH$m| Ho$ ì¶p³VJV ôX H$mo {H$gHo$ Ûmam g~go Cn¶w³V

T>§J go ‘mn gH$Vm h¡?(1) {dÚm{W©¶m| go {Z~ÝY {bIdmH$a

(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ narjU Ûmam

(3) {dÚmb¶ Ho$ narjmAm| Ho$ n[aUm‘ XoIH$a

(4) {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo dmX-{ddmX à{V¶mo{JVm ‘| ^mJ {XbmH$a

37. ‘mZd ñd^md ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm na {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m

à^md n‹S>Vm h¡?(1) AÝVamgJu J«pÝW¶m| H$m

(2) eara agm¶Z H$m

(3) gm‘m{OH$-gm§ñH¥${VH$ n¶m©daU H$m

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

38. ì¶p³VJV ôXm| H$mo kmV H$aZo H$s {d{Y h¡-(1) ~w{Õ‘mnH$ narjmE±

(2) kmZmO©Z ‘mnH$ narjmE±

(3) ì¶p³V‘mnH$ Ed§ g§doJmË‘H$ narjmE±

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

39. ‘mZ{gH$ {dôX Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht AmVm h¡-(1) ñd^mdJV ôX

(2) ê${M gå~ÝYr ôX

(3) AmÝV[aH$ ôX

(4) emar[aH$ g§aMZm gå~ÝYr ôX

40. ‘Zmo emar[aH$ Ag‘mZVmAm| H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) ì¶p³V (2) g‘m¶moOZ

(3) ^½Zmem (4) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm

26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40.

(2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (4) (3) (1) (4) (4) (2) (4) (4) (4) (4)






















41. emar[aH$ ê$n go ì¶p³V-ì¶p³V Ho$ ‘Ü¶ Omo {^ÝZVm {XImB© XoVr h¡,

dh H$hbmVr h¡-(1) ì¶p³VËd (2) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm

(3) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm (4) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm

42. ~mø ê$n go Xmo ì¶p³V EH$ g‘mZ h¢, bo{H$Z do AÝ¶ AmÝV[aH$

¶mo½¶VmAmo§ H$s ÑpîQ> go g‘ê$n Zht h¢& Eogr ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm

H$hbmVr h¡-(1) ì¶p³VËd

(2) AmÝV[aH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(3) ~mø {d{^ÝZVm

(4) gm‘m{OH$ Ag‘mZVm

43. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {‘bZ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| EH$ AÜ¶mnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m

hmoZr Mm{hE-(1) ì¶p³V Ho$ ÑpîQ>H$moU, A{^ê${M Am¡a ¶mo½¶Vm H$mo OmZZo H$m à¶mg

(2) ì¶p³V AmYm[aV nmR²>¶H«$‘m| H$mo CZH$s Amdí¶H$Vm Ho$ AZwgma OmZZo

H$s H$mo{ee

(3) (1) d (2) XmoZm|


44. àË¶oH$ {ejmWu ñd¶§ ‘| {d{eîQ> h¡& BgH$m AW© h¡ {H$-(1) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| Z Vmo H$moB© g‘mZ {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢ Am¡a Z hr CZHo$ bú¶

g‘mZ hmoVo h¢&

(2) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE EH$g‘mZ nmR²>¶M¶m© gå^d Zht h¡&

(3) EH$ {df‘ê$nr H$jm ‘| {ejm{W©¶m| H$s j‘VmAm| H$mo {dH${gV H$aZm

Agå^d h¡&

(4) H$moB© ^r Xmo {ejmWu AnZr ¶mo½¶VmAm|, ê${M¶m| Am¡a à{V^mAm| ‘|

EH$g‘mZ Zht hmoVo&

45. ‘m°ÊQ>ogar àUmbr H$m {dH$mg ‘ÝX-~w{Õ Am¡a gw{dYmhrZ ~mbH$m| Ho$

{bE ........... H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE {H$¶m J¶m Wm&(1) {ejm Ho$ gmYZm| Ho$ A^md

(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(3) ôX^md H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo H$s BÀN>m

(4) {ejm H$mo ì¶dgm¶ H$m ê$n XoZo

46. {ñH$Za Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VJV ôXm| Ho$ ñdê$n H$m kmZ Amdí¶H$ h¡&

¶h {H$gHo$ {b¶o H$hm J¶m h¡?(1) àmYmZmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o

(2) AmMm¶© Ho$ {b¶o

(3) ZoVm Ho$ {b¶o

(4) àemgH$ Ho$ {b¶o

47. ~mbH$ J{UV Am¡a {dkmZ ‘| AmJo hmoVo h¢,O~{H$ ~m{bH$mE± ^mfm Am¡a

gwÝXa hñVboI ‘|& ³¶m|?(1) ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ H$maU

(2) ê${M Ho$ H$maU

(3) g§doJ Ho$ H$maU

(4) {MÝVZ Ho$ H$maU

48. {d{eîQ> ~mbH$mo§ Ho$ AZwê$n {ejm H$s ì¶dñWm H$aZm d¡¶p³VH$

{d{^ÝZVmAm| H$m$ H$m¡Zgm H$maU h¡?(1) O¡{dH$ H$maU

(2) d¡km{ZH$ H$maU

(3) e¡{jH$ H$maU

(4) gm‘m{OH$ ‘hÎd

49. EH$ g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘|, g‘yhm| H$s Am¡gV go ‘mZ{gH$ AWdm

emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| H$m {dMbZ hr ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVm h¡& ¶h H$WZ

{H$g {dÛmZ go gå~pÝYV h¡?(1) ë¶yZm Q>mBba go

(2) S´>oda go

(3) am°~Q>© J¡½Zo go

(4) ñH$sZa go

50. gh-e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ Ho$ AmYma na e¡j{UH$ joÌm| ‘| {ZînmXZ

Ho$ ñVa H$mo ~‹T>mZo H$m Am¡{MË¶ ñWmnZ {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m Om

gH$Vm h¡?(1) ¶h d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gÝVwîQ> H$aVm h¡&

(2) ¶h hm{e¶mH¥$V {dÚm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE à{VnyaH$ ôX^md H$r Zr{V H$m

AZwJ‘Z H$aVm h¡&

(3) ¶h gmd©^m¡{‘H$ YmaUm H$mo gw{ZpíMV H$aVm h¡&

(4) ¶h hmW go {H$E OmZo dmbo l‘ Ho$ à{V gå‘mZ {dH${gV H$aVm h¡&

51. Amn XoIVo h¢ {H$ EH$ N>mÌ ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡& Amn-(1) CgHo$ gmW gÝVwîQ> ah|Jo&

(2) Cgo A{V[a³V J¥hH$m¶© Zht X|Jo&

(3) dh O¡go A{YH$ àJ{V H$a gHo$, Cg Vah go Cgo AZwào[aV H$a|Jo&

(4) CgHo$ A{^^mdH$m| H$mo gy{MV H$a|Jo {H$ dh ~w{Õ‘mZ h¡&

52. {ejU A{YJ‘ à{H«$¶m ‘| ì¶p³VJV ê$n go Ü¶mZ XoZm ‘hÎdnyU© h¡,

³¶m|{H$-(1) {ejU à{ejU H$m¶©H«$‘m| ‘| Eogm hr ~Vm¶m J¶m h¡&

(2) Bggo àË¶oH$ {ejmWu H$mo AZwem{gV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ejH$m| H$mo ~ohVa

Adga {‘bVo h¢&

(3) ~ÀMm| H$s {dH$mg Xa {^ÝZ hmoVr h¡ Am¡a do {^ÝZ VarH$m| go grI gH$Vo h¢&

(4) {ejmWu h‘oem g‘yhm| ‘| hr ~ohVa grIVo h¢&

41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. 50. 51. 52.

(4) (2) (3) (4) (2) (2) (1) (3) (2) (1) (3) (3)





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53. ¶{X Hw$N> {dÚmWu H$jm ‘| AÜ¶¶Z H$s {MÎmd¥{Îm ‘| Zht h¢, Vmo Amn-(1) CÝh| AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ {bE ~mÜ¶ H$a|Jo&

(2) CZ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$mo H$jm N>mo‹S>Zo Ho$ {bE H$h|Jo&

(3) CÝho§ MoVmdZr X|Jo {H$ do Adí¶ AÜ¶¶Z H$a| Zht, Vmo Amn àYmZmÜ¶mnH$

H$mo gy{MV H$a X|Jo&

(4) CÝh| CZH$s ê${M AWdm Amn AnZo {df¶ Ho$ AZwgma ê${MnyU© MrO|

~VmE±Jo&

54. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZm| na {dMma

H$s{OE-1. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm XoIZo H$mo {‘bVr h¡&

2. ~w{Õ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡, {H$ÝVw g§doJ Ho AmYma

na Zht&

3. g‘wXm¶ Ho$ AmYma na d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm gå^d h¡&

Cnamo³V ‘| go H$m¡Zgm/go H$WZ gË¶ h¡/h¢?

(1) Ho$db 2 (2) 1 Ed§ 2

(3) 1 Ed§ 3 (4) ¶o g^r

55. {dÚmb¶m| H$mo {H$gHo$ {bE d¡¶p³VH$ [^ÝZVmAm| H$mo nyam H$aZm Mm{hE?(1) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejmWu H$mo {d{eîQ> hmoZo H$s AZw^y{V H$amZo H$o {bE

(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ ‘Ü¶ ImB© H$mo H$‘ H$aZo Ho$ {bE

(3) {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {ZînmXZ Am¡a ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$mo g‘mZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE

(4) ¶h g‘PZo Ho$ {bE {H$ ³¶m| {ejmWu grIZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ ¶m A¶mo½¶ h¢&

56. d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw nyd© ‘mÜ¶{‘H$ H$jmAm| ‘| ~mbH$m|

H$m {ejU {H$g àH$ma {H$¶m OmZm Mm{hE?1. Iob {d{Y Ho$ ‘mÜ¶‘ go ~mbH$m| H$mo J{UV VWm ^mfm H$m kmZ XoZm

Mm{hE&

2. CÝh| Aja kmZ VWm JUZm H$s OmZH$mar àmaå^ go hr ‘m¡{IH$ ê$n go

Xr OmZr Mm{hE&

3. {bIZo VWm {gImZo go nyd© ~ÀMm| go {MÌ ~ZdmE OmZo Mm{hE&

(1) Ho$db 1

(2) 1 Ed§ 3

(3) Ho$db 3

(4) ¶o g^r

57. EH$ {e{jH$m AnZr H$jm Ho$ à{V^membr ~ÀMm| H$s ¶mo½¶VmAm| H$s

CnbpãY MmhVr h¡& AnZo CÔoí¶ H$s àm{ßV Ho$ {bE Cgo {ZåZ{b{IV

‘| go ³¶m Zht H$aZm Mm{hE?(1) VZmd H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm {gImZm

(2) {deof Ü¶mZ Ho$ {bE CÝh| CZHo$ g‘H${j¶m| go AbJ H$aZm

(3) CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$Vm H$mo g‘¥Õ H$aZo Ho$ {bE CÝh| MwZm¡Vr XoZm

(4) J¡a-e¡j{UH$ J{V{d{Y¶m| ‘| AmZÝX boZm {gImZm

58. Amn AnZr H$jm ‘| AnZo {ejU Ho$ Xm¡amZ H$‹S>r ‘ohZV H$aVo h¢, {’$a

^r AmnH$s H$jm ‘| H$m’$s {d{^ÝZVm {XImB© n‹S>Vr h¡& BgH$m H$maU

³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?(1) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ H$jm ‘| gmo OmVo h¢&

(2) AmnH$s H$jm Ho$ Hw$N> N>mÌ AmnH$mo ngÝX Zht H$aVo h¢&

(3) {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ N>mÌm| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ JwU {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVo h¢&


59. Amn AnZr H$jm Ho$ N>mÌm| ‘| n[an³dVm H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aZo na nmVo h¢

{H$ Hw$N> N>mÌ Am¶w Ho$ nhbo n[an³dVm àmßV H$a MwHo$ h¢, O~{H$ Hw$N>

N>mÌ n[an³dVm àmßV H$aZo H$s Am¶w ‘| Vmo h¢, bo{H$Z CZ‘| n[an³dVm

Zhr§ h¡& BgH$m H$maU ³¶m hmo gH$Vm h¡?(1) H$jm ‘| CZHo$ ~¡R>Zo H$m H«$‘

(2) d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm

(3) {dÚmb¶ AmZo d OmZo Ho$ CZHo$ {^ÝZ gmYZ


60. {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| ì¶p³VJV {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo gå~mo{YV H$aZo Ho$ {bE EH$

{dÚmb¶ {H$g àH$ma H$m gh¶moJ CnbãY H$adm gH$Vm h¡?(1) g^r {ejm{W©¶m| Ho$ {bE g‘mZ ñVa H$s nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m AZwJ‘Z H$aZm&

(2) ~mb Ho$pÝÐV nmR²>¶M¶m© H$m nmbZ H$aZm Am¡a {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo grIZo Ho$

AZoH$ Adga CnbãY H$amZm&

(3) {ejm{W©¶m| ‘| d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVmAm| H$mo g‘mßV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ha gå^d

Cnm¶ H$aZm&

(4) Yr‘r J{V go grIZo dmbo {ejm{W©¶m| H$mo {deof {dÚmb¶m| ‘| ôOZm&

61. AmnH$s H$jm H$m EH$ N>mÌ n‹T>Zo ‘| ~hþV VoO h¡& dh gmVdt H$jm

‘| hmoVo hþþE ^r Xgdt H$jm Ho$ {df¶m| H$mo AmgmZr go g‘P boVm h¡&

CgH$m Bg d¡¶p³VH$ {d{^ÝZVm H$m H$maU h¡?(1) CgH$m {d{eîQ> emar[aH$ {dH$mg

(2) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§kmZmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(3) CgH$m {d{eîQ> g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg

(4) CgH$m {d{eîQ> gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg

*******

53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61.

(4) (3) (4) (4) (2) (3) (2) (2) (2)












àJÊ¶ ì¶p³VËd n¥îR> 161



AÜ¶m¶ 10

ì¶p³VËd

10.1 àñVmdZm{ejm ‘Zmo{dkmZ ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ ì¶mnH$ ê$n go H$aVm h¡& àË¶oH$

ì¶p³V ‘| Hw$N> Eogr {deofVmE± hmoVr h¢, {OZHo$ AmYma na dh n[apñW{V Ho$

à{V {d{^ÝZ à{V[H«$¶mE± àH$Q> H$aVm h¡& BÝht H$m gm‘y{hH$ Zm‘ ì¶p³VËd

h¡& ì¶[³VËd Eogo JwUm| H$m ¶moJ h¡, {OZHo$ H$maU H$moB© ì¶p³V AmH$f©H$ ¶m

AZmH$f©H$ {XIVm h¡&

Amn {H$gr ^r H$jm ‘| Mbo OmB¶o, ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ôX ñnîQ>

{XIbm¶r Xo Om¶|Jo& H$wN> ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ à{V ~‹S>o AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢

Am¡a do {H$gr ^r n[aMMm© ‘| ~‹S>o CËgmh go ^mJ boVo h¡& AÝ¶ ì¶p³V Xã~y

hmoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> ^r ~mobZo go K~amVo h¢& EH$ {dÚmWu gd©Wm AZ‘Zr¶ hmoVm

h¡ Am¡a AnZo {dMmam| ‘| Hw$N> ^r n[adV©Z H$aZo Ho$ {bE V¡¶ma Zht hmoVm& Xÿgam

{dÚmWu BVZm Mbm¶‘mZ hmoVm h¡, {H$ CgHo$ AnZo H$moB© {dMma Zht hmoVo& dh

Omo Hw$N> ^r gwZVm h¡, Cgo hr gË¶ ‘mZ boVm h¡&

10.2 ì¶p³VËd H$m AW©nmíMmË¶ Xoem| ‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {^ÝZ {dMmaYmamE± nmB© OmVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd

A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$m ê$nmÝVa h¡& A§J«oOr Ho$ ng©ZoëQ>r eãX H$s CËn[Îm

¶yZmZr ^mfm Ho$ ngm}Zm eãX go hþB©, {OgH$m AW© h¡- ZH$m~ ¶m ‘wIm¡Q>m

AWm©V ZH$br Moham& ¶yZmZr bmoJ ZH$m~ nhZH$a ‘§M na A{^Z¶ H$aVo

Wo, Vm{H$ Xe©H$JU ¶h Z OmZ gHo$ {H$ A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbm H$m¡Z h¡- Xmg,

{dXÿfH$, amOHw$‘ma, amOm, amZr ¶m amOZV©H$s& A{^Z¶ H$aZo dmbo {Og àH$ma

Ho$ nmÌ H$m nmR> ¶m A{^Z¶ H$aVo Wo, Cgr àH$ma H$m ZH$m~ YmaU H$a boVo

Wo& Bg àH$ma ¶yZmZ ‘| àmaå^ ‘| ì¶p³VËd H$m AW© ì¶p³V Ho$ ~mø ñdê$n go

{b¶m OmVm Wm, naÝVw H$mbmÝVa ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AÝVJ©V ì¶p³V Ho$ AmÝV[aH$

ñdê$n H$mo ^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm& ì¶p³VËd ‘| EH$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ Z Ho$db

emar[aH$ Am¡a ‘mZ{gH$ JwUm| H$m A{nVw CgHo$ gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| H$m ^r g‘mdoe

hmoVm h¡& Bgr{bE ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd-‘mZd Ho$ JwUm|,

bjUm|, j‘VmAm|, {deofVmAm| Am{X H$s g§J{R>V BH$mB© h¡& ¶hr H$maU h¡ {H$

ì¶p³VËd H$mo AmO VH$ {H$gr {ZpíMV AW© go gå~ÝY Zhr§ {H$¶m Om gH$m

h¡ Am¡a Z {H$gr {Z[íMV gr‘m ‘| ~m±Ym Om gH$Vm h¡& gmYmaUV… ¶h ñdrH$ma

{H$¶m OmVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VËd {d{MÌ h¡, O{Q>b h¡, ì¶m»¶m go nao h¡&

10.3 ì¶p³VËd H$s n[a^mfmE±{d{^ÝZ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$s Omo n[a^mfmE± Xr h¢, CÝho§ {ZåZ àH$ma

ì¶³V {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

1. S>¡{e¶b Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g^r ì¶dhmam| H$m dh g‘m¶mo{OV g§H$bZ h¡, Omo CgHo$

gh¶mo{J¶m| ‘| ñnîQ> ê$n go {XIbm¶r Xo&

2. EbnQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V ‘| CZ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m JË¶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡, {OZHo$

AmYma na ì¶p³V AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡&

3. Sóda Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³V Ho$ X¡{hH$, ‘mZ{gH$, Z¡{VH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ JwUm| Ho$ J{Verb Am¡a gwg§J{R>V

g§JR>Z Ho$ {bE, ì¶p³VËd eãX H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. ~rg|O Ed§ ~rg|O Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd, ‘Zwî¶ H$s AmXVm|, X¥pîQ>H$moUm| Am¡a bú¶m| H$m g§JR>Z h¡ Am¡a

àmUremñÌr¶, gm‘m{OH$ Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ g§¶w³V H$m¶© go CËnÝZ hmoVm h¡&

5. {~J VWm hÊQ> Ho$ AZwgma-

{H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘ñV ì¶dhma-à{V‘mZm| Am¡a CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m ¶moJ hr

CgH$m ì¶p³VËd h¡&

6. ~mo[a¨J, b¢J’$sëS> VWm d¡ëS Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd go A{^àm¶ h¡- ì¶{³V H$m AnZo n[adoe Ho$ gmW ñWm¶r VWm Anyd©

g‘m¶moOZ&

7. d¡bÝQ>mB©Z Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd OÝ‘OmV Am¡a AmJ}Z àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&

8. dmaoZ Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd ì¶{³V H$m gånyU© ‘mZ{gH$ g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ {dH$mg H$s {H$gr ^r

AdñWm ‘| hmoVm h¡&

9. Wmn© VWm e‘wba Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd EH$ O{Q>b VWm EH$sH¥$V à{H«$¶m h¡&

10. ‘Zw Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ gämr njm| H$m EH$ {d{eîQ> g§H$bZ hmoVm h¡, Omo CgHo$ gånyU©

ê$n H$mo Hw$N> nj, AÝ¶m| H$s Anojm A{YH$ {d{eîQ>Vm àXmZ H$aVo h¡&

11. ‘m°Q>Z© Ho$ AZwgma-

ì¶p³VËd, ì¶p³V Ho$ OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V ñd^md, ‘yb-àd¥[Îm¶m|, mdZmAm| VWm


n¥îR> 162 ì¶p³VËd àJÊ¶




BÀN>mAm| Am{X H$m ¶moJ h¡&

BZ n[a^mfmAm| go ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| na àH$me S>mbZo dmbo

{ZåZ{b{IV VÏ¶ àH$Q> hmoVo h¢-

1. ¶h ì¶p³V H$s ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ AdñWmAm| H$m g§JR>Z h¡&

2. dmVmdaU, ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aVm h¡&

3. ¶h OÝ‘OmV VWm A{O©V àd¥[Îm¶m| H$m ¶moJ h¡&

4. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ h¡&

5. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ JR>Z, ì¶dhma Am{X H$m g§JR>Z h¡&

6. Bg‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ OrdZ Ho$ g^r nj gpå‘{bV hmoVo h¢&

10.4 ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmE±‘mZd Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV {deofVmE± nm¶r OmVr h¢-

1. gm‘m{OH$Vm

‘mZd EH$ gm‘m{OH$ àmUr h¡, {OgH$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘o§ ahH$a hr gå^d hmo

gH$Vm h¡& dh g‘mO go AbJ Zht ah gH$Vm& g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ì¶p³V

AÝV…{H«$¶m Ûmam AnZm gm‘m{OH$ {dH$mg H$aVm h¡& ì¶p³V Ho$ g‘J« ì¶p³VËd

H$m {dH$mg g‘mO ‘| ahH$a hr ^br-^m±{V hmo gH$Vm h¡& AV… gm‘m{OH$Vm

ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ à‘wI {deofVm h¡&

2. bú¶-àm{á H$s Amoa AJ«ga hmoZm

àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo OrdZ ‘| H$moB© Z H$moB© CÔoí¶ AnZo gm‘Zo Adí¶ aIVm

h¡& {H$gr ‘Zwî¶ Zo AnZo gm‘Zo ³¶m bú¶ aIm h¡, CgHo$ à{V dh {H$VZm

gOJ h¡, CgH$s àm{á Ho$ {bE dh {H$VZm à¶mgerb h¡- BgH$mo XoIH$a hr

¶h H$hm Om gH$Vm h¡ {H$ ì¶{³V ‘| ¶h {deofVm {H$g gr‘m VH$ h¡&

3. AmË‘-MoVZm

AmË‘-MoVZm go VmËn¶© h¡ AnZo ñd ¶m AnZo Ah§ Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| gMoV hmoZm&

AmË‘-MoVZm Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V Bg ~mV H$s Amoa {deof Ü¶mZ XoVm h¡ {H$

AÝ¶ bmoJ Cgo {H$g ÑpîQ> go XoIVo h¢& Cgo Bg ~mV H$m nVm hmoVm h¡ {H$ {H$g

H$maU go bmoJ CgH$s àe§gm H$aVo h¡ Am¡a {H$g H$maU go CgH$s {ZÝXm H$aVo

h¢& ~mbH$ ¶m new ‘| AmË‘-MoVZm H$m A^md hmoVm h¡, Bgr{bE CZHo$ gå~ÝY

‘| ¶h Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm {H$ CZH$m H$moB© AnZm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¢&

4. n[adoe Ho$ gmW g‘m¶moOZ

g‘m¶moOZ H$m A{^àm¶ h¡- AnZo AmnH$mo n[adoe Ho$ ‘VmZwgma T>mbZm VWm

n[adoe H$mo AnZo AZwHy$b ~Zm boZm& g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ H$maU hr ì¶p³V AnZo

ì¶dhma ‘| n[adV©Z H$aVm h¡& EH$ {dÚmWu, EH$ H$‘©Mmar, EH$ nwÌ, EH$ {nVm,

EH$ nËZr VWm EH$ n{V Ho$ ì¶dhma H$mo XoIH$a ¶h AZw‘mZ bJm¶m Om gH$Vm

h¡ {H$ CÝhm|Zo n[adoe VWm n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ gmW H¡$gm g‘m¶moOZ {H$¶m h¡&

5. X¡{hH$ VWm ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶

EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ¶h Amdí¶H$ h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V H$m, Ohm± X¡{hH$

ñdmñÏ¶ AÀN>m hmo, dht dh ‘mZ{gH$ ê$n go ^r ñdñW hmo, ³¶m|{H$ ‘mZd

‘mZmoX¡{hH$ Ord h¡&

6. AZdaV {dH$mg

ì¶p³VËd H$s EH$ àYmZ {deofVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| H$^r ^r ì¶dYmZ

Zht n‹S>Vm& dh AZdaV ê$n go Omar ahVm h¡& O~ go Ord H$m OÝ‘ hmoVm h¡,

Cg g‘¶ go boH$a ì¶p³V H$s ‘¥Ë¶w VH$, CgH$m {dH$mg {ZaÝVa Omar ahVm

h¡& Bgr ÑpîQ> H$mo gm‘Zo aIH$a J¡argZ, qH$JñQ>Z VWm ‘¡H$S>m°ZëS> Zo H$hm h¡-

ì¶p³VËd AZdaV {dH$mg H$s à{H«$¶m ‘| ahVm h¡&

ì¶p³V H$m ¶h {dH$mg {d{^ÝZ {XemAm| O¡go- emar[aH$ {dH$mg,

d¡Mm[aH$ {dH$mg, AZw^d {dH$mg Am{X ‘| ~am~a hmoVm ahVm h¡&

7. AWmh CËgmh

EH$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd H$s gmVdt {deofVm h¡- CËgmh H$m hmoZm& OrdZ Ho$ H${R>Z

go H${R>Z g§Kf© ‘o§ ^r CËgmh go ¶w³V ì¶p³V H$^r K~amVm Zht& {dnarV go

{dnarV n[apñW{V H$mo MraVm hþAm, CËgmhr ì¶p³V g’$bVm àmá H$aVm h¡&

8. EH$Vm

¶h nhbo hr ~Vbm¶m Om MwH$m h¡ {H$ {d{^ÝZ X¡{hH$, ~m¡{ÕH$, Z¡{VH$, gm‘m{OH$

VWm g§doJm| H$m ¶moJ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡& ì¶p³V gXm EH$ BH$mB© Ho$ ê$n ‘| H$m¶©

H$aVm h¡& {Og àH$ma ì¶p³V H$s {d{^ÝZ kmZopÝÐ¶m± Am¡a ‘Z gmW-gmW H$m¶©

H$aVo h¢, Cgr àH$ma ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {d{^ÝZ VÎd {‘bH$a H$m‘ H$aVo h¢&

10.5 ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ AZwemgZm| ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ àH$ma {Z{íMV {H$E JE

h¢& {H$gr EH$ AZwemgZ ‘| ^r ì¶p³VËd H$mo {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ê$nm| ‘| {d^m{OV

{H$¶m J¶m h¡& h‘ ¶hm± Ho$db ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ûmam {H$E JE Hw$N> ‘w»¶ dJuH$aU

H$m dU©Z H$a aho h¢&

10.5.1 emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aUHw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$

AmYma na {H$¶m h¡& BZ‘| go e¡ëS>Z Ûmam {H$E JE dJuH$aU H$s MMm© h‘

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ emar[aH$ aMZm gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AÝVJ©V H$a MwHo$ h¢& ¶hm±

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H«o$M‘a Ûmam {H$¶m J¶m dJuH$aU àñVwV h¡ -

1. bå~H$m¶

Bg dJ© ‘| Ho«$M‘a Zo bå~o Am¡a Xþ~bo-nVbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V

àm¶… AbJ ahZm ngÝX H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Xÿgam| H$s AmbmoMZm ‘| AmZÝX boVo h¢,

naÝVw AnZr AmbmoMZm ghZ Zht H$aVo&

2. gwS>m¡bH$m¶

Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$M‘a Zo gm‘mÝ¶ H$X Ho$ ñdñW Ed§ nwîQ>H$m¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm

h¡& BZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd gm‘mÝ¶ hmoVm h¡& BZ‘| gm‘§Oñ¶ H$s j‘Vm

A{YH$ hmoVr h¡&

3. JmobH$m¶

Bg dJ© ‘| H«o$‘Ma Zo N>moQ>o H$X Ho$ ñdñW ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& ¶o ì¶p³V àm¶…

Amam‘Vb~ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {dZmoXr ñd^md Ho$ hmoVo h¢&






10.5.2 ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Jb¡Z Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZHo$ ñd^md Ho$ AmYma na Mma dJm] ‘|

{d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-

1. CJ« ñd^mdr

Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo ep³Vembr Ed§ CJ« ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg

dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo H«$moY ~hþV erK« AmVm h¡&

2. {MÝVmJ«ñV

Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo {MÝVm go J«ñV ahZo dmbo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$

ì¶p³V àm¶… CXmg ahVo h¢ Am¡a ~‹S>o Xã~y Ed§ {ZamemdmXr hmoVo h¢&

3. {Zê$Ëgmhr

Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmhhrZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶p³V àm¶…

emÝV{à¶ Am¡a Ambgr hmoVo h¢&

4. CËgmhr

Bg dJ© ‘| Jb¡Z Zo CËgmh go nyU© ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡& Bg dJ© Ho$ ì¶{³V

AmemdmXr Am¡a {H«$¶merb hmoVo h¢&

10.5.3 ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ñà|Oa Zo ‘yë¶m| H$mo N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡ Am¡a CZHo$

AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo ^r {ZåZ{b{IV N>… dJm} ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-

1. g¡ÕmpÝVH$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gX¡d kmZ àmá H$aZo Ho$

BÀNwH$ ahVo h¢, {gÕmÝVm| H$mo ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a Hw$N> H$îQ> ghZH$a ^r AmXem}

H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… Aì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&

2. Am{W©H$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo ^m¡{VH$ gwIm| Ho$ BÀNw>H$

hmoVo h¢, YZ H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢ Am¡a YZmO©Z Ho$ {bE Hw$N> ^r H$a gH$Vo

h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… ì¶mdhm[aH$ hmoVo h¢&

3. gm‘m{OH$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo g‘mO Am¡a gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝYm|

H$mo A{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢; X¶mbw, Ë¶mJr Am¡a namonH$mar hmoVo h¢, g‘mO godH$ Ed§

g‘mO gwYmaH$ hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V ~hþV A{YH$ ì¶dhmaHw$eb hmoVo h¢&

4. amOZ¡{VH$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà§oOa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo amOH$m¶© ‘| ê${M boVo h¢,

amOgÎmm go Ow‹S>o ahZm MmhVo h¢ Am¡a amÁ¶ ‘| AnZr ^mJrXmar MmhVo h¢& Eogo

ì¶{³V amOZ¡{VH$ Xm±d-n|M ‘| ~‹S>o ‘m{ha hmoVo h¢&

5. Ym{‘©H$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo B©ída ‘| {dídmg H$aVo

h¢, X¡dr¶ àH$mon go S>aVo h¢ Am¡a AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢&

AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ ‘yë¶m| H$m nmbZ H$aVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V àm¶… AmË‘gÝVmofr Ed§

namonH$mar hmoVo h¢&

6. gm¡ÝX¶m©Ë‘H$

Bg dJ© ‘| ñà|Oa Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡, Omo gm¡ÝX¶© {à¶ hmoVo h¢& Eogo

ì¶p³V¶m| H$m PwH$md àm¶… H$bm, g§JrV, Ed§ Z¥Ë¶ Am{X H$s Amoa A{YH$ hmoVm

h¡&

10.5.4 gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aU‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Ow§J Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s gm‘m{OH$ AÝV…{H«$¶m Ho$ ñdê$n Ho$

AmYma na {ZåZ{b{IV VrZ dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-

1. AÝV‘w©Ir

Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo AmË‘Ho$pÝÐV, AmË‘{MÝVH$,

EH$mÝV{à¶ Am¡a g§H$moMr hmoVo h¢& gmW hr g§doXZerb, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR> Am¡a

{‘V^mfr hmoVo h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V bmoH$ ì¶dhma ‘| àm¶… H$‘ Hw$eb hmoVo h¢&

2. ~{h‘w©Ir

Bg dJ© ‘| Ow§J Zo CZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo aIm h¡ Omo g‘mOHo$pÝÐV, ì¶mdhm[aH$,

gmh{gH$, {MÝVm‘w³V Am¡a AmemdmXr hmoVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|

ê${M boVo h¢ Am¡a bmoH${à¶Vm àmá H$aVo h¢&

3. C^¶‘wIr

{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝho§ AÝV‘w©Ir

dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ‘| ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{YH$ bjU hmoVo h¢, CÝh|

~{h‘w©Ir dJ© ‘| aIVo h¢ Am¡a {OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm|

ì¶p³VËdm| Ho$ bjU bJ^J g‘mZ ê$n go hmoVo h¢, CÝh| C^¶‘w»mr dJ© ‘| aIm

OmVm h¢&

10.5.5 g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aUHw$N> ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo CZH$s g¥OZmË‘H$ ep³V Ho$ AmYma na Xmo

dJm©o ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m h¡-

1. g¥OZmË‘H$

{OZ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| brH$ go hQ>H$a MbZo, Hw$N> Z¶m gmoMZo Ed§ H$aZo H$r BÀN>m

Ed§ ep³V XmoZm| hmoVr h¢ Am¡a do d¡gm H$aVo ^r h¢, CÝh| g¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V

H$hVo h¢& na ¶h gmoM Ed§ H$m¶© gX¡d gH$mamË‘H$ Ed§ àJ{Verb hmoZo Mm{hE&

g¥OZerb ì¶p³V g§doXZerb hmoVo h¢, CZ‘| ZdrZVm Ed§ ‘m¡{bH$Vm Ho$ à{V

AmH$f©U hmoVm h¡, CZHo$ {MÝVZ ‘| àdmh hmoVm h¡ Am¡a do ñdVÝÌ {ZU©¶ boZo ‘|

gj‘ hmoVo h¢ Am¡a àJ{Verb hmoVo h¢&

2. Ag¥OZmË‘H$

Omo ì¶p³V Z H$^r Z¶m gmoMVo h¢ Am¡a Z H$^r Hw$N> Z¶m H$aVo h¢ Am¡a Omo h¡

Cgr H$m AZwgaU H$aVo h¢, CÝh| Ag¥OZmË‘H$ ì¶p³V H$hVo h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m|

‘| ñdVÝÌ {MÝVZ H$s j‘Vm Zht hmoVr, ¶o Xÿgam| na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢ Am¡a

ê${‹T>dmXr hmoVo h¢&

10.5.6 g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ AmYma na dJuH$aUA{YH$Va ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘m¶moOZ Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVo h¢& àË¶oH$

ì¶p³V Hw$N> OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m± boH$a n¡Xm hmoVm h¡& O~ dh AnZo ~mø n¶m©daU






Ho$ gånH©$ ‘| AmVm h¢, Vmo Cgo AZoH$ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m gm‘Zm

H$aZm n‹S>Vm h¡& ì¶{³V H$mo AnZr O¡{dH$ Ed§ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$s

ny{V© hoVw BZ n¶m©daUr¶ ep³V¶m| Ed§ g‘ñ¶mAm| go nma nmZm hmoVm h¡& Bg hoVw

dh Omo à¶ËZ H$aVm h¡ Cgo g‘m¶moOZ H$hVo h¢& ¶h g‘m¶moOZ [^ÝZ-{^ÝZ

‘Zwî¶ {^ÝZ-[^ÝZ àH$ma go H$aVo h¢& Bg AmYma na ì¶p³V¶m| H$mo AJ«{b{IV

Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-

1. gwg‘m¶mo{OV

Omo ì¶{³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ ~ZmZo ‘|

g‘W© hmoVo h¢, CÝh| gwg‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¢& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m

ì¶dhma ~hþV gÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a g‘mO gå‘V hmoVm h¡&

2. Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV

Omo ì¶p³V AnZr AmÝV[aH$ Ed§ ~mø ep³V¶m| Ed§ ‘m±Jm| ‘| gÝVwbZ Zht ~Zm

nmVo h¢ Am¡a BYa ¶m CYa PwH$ OmVo h¢ ¶m {H$gr AÝ¶ Amoa PwH$ OmVo h¢,

CÝh| Hw$g‘m¶mo{OV ì¶p³VËd H$hm OmVm h¡& Eogo ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~‹S>m

AgÝVw{bV hmoVm h¡ Am¡a àm¶… Agm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡&

10.6 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {gÕmÝVì¶p³VËd H$m AÜ¶¶Z ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Ho$ {bE An[ahm¶© A§J hmo J¶m h¡& gM

Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ ‘mZd H$m ì¶p³VËd EH$ Zht, AZoH$ H$maH$m| go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¢&

d¡¶p³VH$ YmaUmAm| Ho$ AmYma na hr ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {gÕmÝVm| H$m {Zê$nÊm

hþAm h¡& ¶o {gÕmÝV g§jon ‘| àñVwV {H$¶o Om aho h¢-

10.6.1 ‘Zmo{díbofUmË‘H$ {gÕmÝVBg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ {gJ‘§S> ’«$m¶S> h¢& ’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma, ì¶p³VËd H$m

{Z‘m©U BS²>, BJmo VWm gwna BJmo Ho$ Ûmam hmoVm h¡& BS²> H$mo gm‘mÝ¶ Ah§ Ho$, BJmo

H$mo Ah§ Ho$ VWm gwna BJmo H$mo Z¡{VH$ ‘V Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| à¶w³V {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

BS²>, AMoVZ ‘Z h¢, {Og‘| ‘yb àd¥[Îm¶m± Ed§ Z¡g{J©H$ BÀN>mE± ahVr h¢& ¶o erK«

V¥{á MmhVr h¢& BJmo MoVZm, BÀN>m-ep³V, ~w{Õ VWm VH©$ h¢& gwna BJmo AmXem}

go {Z{‘©V hmoVm h¡& ’«$m¶S> Zo BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-

BJmo, BS²> H$m dh ^mJ h¡ Omo ~mø g§gma Ho$ AZw‘mZ VWm gå^mdZm go n[aîH¥$V

hmoVm h¡ Am¡a CgH$m H$mbmÝVa ‘| à^md ^r n‹S>Vm h¡, Omo àmUr H$mo CÔrnZ H$aZo Ed§

CgHo$ BX©-{JX© O‘r naV Ho$ A§e Ho$ ê$n ‘| ì¶má ahVm h¡&

Bgr àH$ma gwna BJmo Ho$ {df¶ ‘| H$hm h¡-

gwna BJmo, BJmo H$m dh nj h¡ Omo AmË‘-{ZarjU H$s à{H«$¶m H$mo gå^d ~ZmVm h¡,

{Ogo gm‘mÝ¶ ê$n ‘| MoVZm H$hVo h¢&

Bg àH$ma ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U BÝht VÎdm| go hmoVm h¡& ¶o VÎd

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ ê$n àH$Q> H$aVo h¢&

10.6.2 aMZm {gÕmÝVBg ‘V Ho$ à{VnmXH$ e¡bS>m°Z h¢& e¡bS>m°Z Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ VrZ àmW{‘H$

AmYma ~VmE h¢-

1. JmobmH¥${V

Bg àH$ma H$o ì¶p³VËd dmbo ‘Zwî¶ Jmob JX©Z VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| go nyU© {dH${gV

hmoVo h¢& M~u H$m ~‹T>Zm Am{X JwUm| go ¶w³V Eogo ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd AbJ

àH$Q> hmoVm h¢&

2. Am¶VmH¥${V

Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| h{È>¶m| VWm ‘m±gno{e¶m| H$m {dH$mg n[ab{jV hmoVm

h¢&

3. bå~mH¥${V

Bg àH$ma Ho$ ì¶p³VËd ‘§o Ho$ÝÐr¶ ñZm¶w g§ñWmZ Ho$ ‘m±gnoer¶ VÝVw {dH${gV

hmoVo h¢&

Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma eara Ho$ {d{^ÝZ A§Jm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {Z‘m©U H$m

AmYma ‘mZm OmVm h¡&

10.6.3 à{VH$maH$ àUmbr [gÕmÝVBg ‘V H$o à{VnmXH$ Ama.~r.H¡$Q>b h¢& ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| BZH$m H$WZ h¡-

ì¶p³V Omo {H$gr {deof n[apñW{V ‘| Omo ^r H$m¶© H$aVm h¡, CgH$m à{Vê$n hr

ì¶p³VËd h¢&

H¡$Q>b Zo M[aÌ H$mo AZoH$ H$maH$m| go ¶w³V ~Vm¶m h¡& CZHo$ AZwgma- M[aÌ

H$s gwÝXaVm AWm©V², ^mdmË‘H$ EH$Vm, gm‘m{OH$Vm, H$ënZmerbVm, A{^àoaH$,

CËgwH$Vm, bmnadmhr Am{X à{VH$maH$ M[aÌ H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVo h¢&

H¡$Q>b Zo AmJo H$hm h¡ {H$-

EH$ AmÝV[aH$ ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ pñW{V Omo ì¶p³V H$mo à{V[H«$¶m (AdYmZ, A[^kmZ)

H$aZo H$s AZwkm XoVr h¡, dh ^r CÔoí¶m| Ho$ dJm] go, {deof g§doJm| Ho$ AZw^d àmá H$aVr

h¡ Ed§ H$m¶m] H$mo nyU© ê$n go H$aZo Ho$ {bE A{^ào[aV H$aVo h¢& BgHo$ A{V[a³V BZ

à{V‘mZm| ‘o§ Eogo ì¶dhma H$mo àmW{‘H$Vm Xr OmVr h¡, Omo {H$ CÔoí¶ H$s àm{á H$aVo h¢&

10.6.4 Am°bnmoQ>© H$m {gÕmÝVJmoS>©Z S>ãë¶y. Am°bnmoQ>© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘|, Omo {gÕmÝV à{Vnm{XV

{H$¶m h¡, dh d§eH«$‘ VWm dmVmdaU, d¡¶p³VH$ ôX Am{X na AmYm[aV h¢&

Am°bnmoQ>© Zo d§eH«$‘ Ûmam {ZYm©[aV ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O{Q>b {‘lU Ho$ à{V Ý¶m¶

H$aZo, ñd^md, gm‘m{OH$ VWm ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ H$maUm| Ho$ à{V Ý¶m¶ H$aZo na

~b {X¶m h¡& gmW hr ì¶p³VËd H$s ZdrZVm H$mo ‘mÝ¶Vm XoZo na ^r ~b {X¶m

h¡, Omo AZoH$ gåàXm¶m| VWm ì¶p³VËdm| ‘| {dÚ‘mZ hmoVr h¡& ì¶p³VËd H$mo

{ZYm©[aV H$aZo dmbr àd¥[Îm¶m|, {deofVmAm| VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ à{V g‘m¶moOZ

go ì¶p³VËd H$m {ZYm©aU hmoVm h¡&

10.6.5 ‘wa} H$m {gÕmÝVEM. E. ‘wa} Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gÝX^© ‘| H$hm h¡-

ì¶p³VËd H$m¶m©Ë‘H$ ê$n Ed§ ep³V¶m| H$s {ZaÝVaVm h¡, Omo g§J{R>V à{H«$¶m Ho$ ê$n

‘| OÝ‘ go ‘¥Ë¶w VH$ ~{h‘w©Ir hmoH$a àH$Q> hmoVr h¡& Bg ‘V Ho$ AZwgma H$m¶m©Ë‘H$

ê$nm| H$s {ZaÝVaVm G$UmË‘H$ VWm YZmË‘H$ A{^{Zdoe gå~ÝY, ‘VôX, g{H«$¶Vm,

{ZpîH«$¶Vm Am{X H$m ¶moJ H$a ì¶p³VËd H$m {Z‘m©U H$aVr h¡&

Bg ‘V na H${Vn¶ Amamon r h¢, O¡go- AMoVZ {ZYm©aH$m| H$m ì¶dhma






na à^md, A{YJ‘ H$s ^y{‘H$m, A{^àoaUm H$s pñW{V ì¶p³VËd na à^md

S>mbVr h¡ Am¡a CgH$s A{^ì¶p³V H$m H$maU ~ZVr h¡&

10.7 ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg Ho$ H$maH$ ¶m VÎdVÎd Ho$ {df¶ ‘| AmbnmoQ© H$m H$WZ h¡ {H$ ¶h ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ g§JR>Z h¡& àË¶oH$

ì¶{³V, ì¶p³VËd eãX go n¥WH²$-n¥WH²$ Ame¶ bJmVm h¡& H$moB© eara gm¡îR>d

H$mo ì¶p³VËd ‘mZVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© ~mVMrV Ho$ à^mdembr T>§J H$mo, H$moB© ghmZw^y{V

ì¶dhma VWm ghm¶Vm H$aZo H$mo, gX¡d VËna ì¶{³V H$mo à^mdembr ì¶p³VËd

Ho$ ê$n ‘| boVm h¡ Vmo H$moB© AmH$f©H$ n[aYmZ Am¡a H$bmË‘H$ ‘oH$An H$mo

ì¶p³VËd H$s loUr ‘| bmVo h¢& {‘eob Zo H$hm h¡-

{dMma Am¡a g§doJm| g{hV ì¶{³VËd, ì¶dhma H$s {d{eîQ>Vm H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVm

h¡& ¶h pñW{V dmVmdaU ‘| CgHo$ g‘m¶moOZ H$s Amoa g§Ho$V H$aVr h¡&

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na à^md S>mbZo dmbo à‘wI H$maH$ {ZåZ{b{IV

h¢-

1. emar[aH$ à^md

eara Ho$ ñZm¶w‘ÊS>b Am¡a {H«$¶mAm| H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na AàË¶j à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& emar[aH$ H$‘r H$m ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ H$s

~w{Õ, ‘mZ{gH$ ¶mo½¶Vm, ‘mZ{gH$ Xþ~©bVm ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| ghm¶H$ hmoVo

h¢& Xþ~©b ì¶{³V H$m ì¶p³VËd nyU©V… {dH${gV Zht hmoVm&

2. d§e naånam

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| H$m ‘V h¡ {H$ ì¶dhma ‘| d§e-naånam H$m à^md H$‘ {XImB©

n‹S>Vm h¡& ñH$m°Q> Ho$ AZwgma-

BgH$s ^y{‘H$m Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| d§e naånam na à^md S>mbZo dmbo VÎdm| Ho$ {ZYm©aH$m|

H$m {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& AZwH$aUerbVm Bg‘| nmB© OmVr h¡& d§eH«$‘ H$m g‘ñV kmZ

d¡¶p³VH$ {^ÝZVm H$mo àH$Q> H$aVm h¡&

d§emZwH«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na ~hþV go ì¶p³V CËWmZ Zht H$a nmVo& {~«{Q>e

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ‘mZVo h¢ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ hr {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡&

3. dmVmdaU H$m à^md

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na g~go A{YH$ à^md dmVmdaU H$m n‹S>Vm h¡& OÝ‘ go

hr ‘mZd {ZpíMV dmVmdaU ‘| ahVm h¡& CgH$mo O¡gm dmVmdaU {‘boJm, d¡go hr

CgH$s {deofVmAm| H$m {dH$mg hmoJm& Ka Ho$ AmXe©, ar{V-[admO, ~mob-Mmb

g^r ~mV| ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na à^md S>mbVr h¡& dmVmdaU Xmo ê$nm| ‘| à^md

S>mbVm h¡-

1. gm‘m{OH$ dmVmdaU- gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm H$m ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na g~go A{YH$ à^md n‹S>Vm h¡& S>bS>© H$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ ‘Zwî¶ H$m ì¶p³Ëd g‘mO Ho$ dmVmdaU go Jy±Wm hmoVm h¡& bm°aoÝg Ho$ AZwgma-

g§ñH¥${V dh AmYma ^y{‘ h¡, {Oggo ì¶p³V {dH${gV hmoVm h¡& gm‘m{OH$

dmVmdaU ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {deof hmW ~±Q>mVm h¡&

2. gm§ñH¥${VH$ gå¶H²$- ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| CgH$s

gä¶Vm, ahZ-ghZ H$m T>§J ^r {deof ¶moJ XoVm h¡& ‘Zwî¶ Ho$

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg na gä¶Vm H$s A{‘Q> N>mn ahVr h¡&

4. ~më¶mdñWm Ho$ AZw^d

~më¶H$mb Ho$ AZw^d ñWm¶r ê$n go ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m A§J ~Z OmVo

h¢& ‘mVm-{nVm H$m VWm Ka Ho$ AÝ¶ gXñ¶m| H$m ì¶dhma ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH${gV

‘pñVîH$ na à^md S>mbVm h¡& ñQ>mQ>© Ho$ AZwgma-

{H$emoa Ho$ ì¶p³VËd na ‘mVm-{nVm, Ka Ho$ gXñ¶, {‘Ìm| H$m ~hþV A{YH$ à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& Ka H$s Am{W©H$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ AdñWm ^r AàË¶j ê$n go ~ÀMo Ho$ {dH$mg

na à^md S>mbVr h¡&

5. {dÚmb¶ H$m AZw^d

{dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU, AÜ¶mnH$m| Ed§ AÝ¶ {dÚm{W©¶m| H$m ì¶dhma, nmR²>¶H«$‘

Am{X ~ÀMo Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ~ZmZo ‘| gh¶moJ XoVo h¢& Omo {dÚmb¶ ~ÀMm| H$mo

AÀN>m dmVmdaU, ghmZw^y{V, {‘b-OwbH$a H$m¶© H$aZo H$m {ejU XoVo h¢,

dhm± na ~ÀMm| H$o ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg AÀN>m hmoVm h¡ Am¡a BgHo$ gmW-gmW

~ÀMm| H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVm h¡ VÏmm öX¶ ‘| g‘yh ^mdZm H$m

{dH$mg H$aVm h¡& {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMo H$s Amdí¶H$VmAm| H$r ny{V©, ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$

gmYZ, Iobm| H$m à~ÝY, CÀMmXe©, {ejm, ZmQ>H$, S´m‘m, gwÝXa nwñVH$mb¶

VWm AÜ¶mnH$m| Ho$ AmXe©- ¶o g^r ~mV| AÀN>o ~ÀMo Ho$ AÀN>o ì¶p³VËd Ho$

{Z‘m©U ‘| ghm¶H$ {gÕ hmoVr h¢&

6. Zbr {dhrZ J«pÝW¶m±

¶o J«pÝW¶m± ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZYm©aU ‘| ‘hÎdnyU© ¶moJ XoVr h¢& BZ J«pÝW¶m| go ‘mZd

Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg {ZYm©[aV ‘ZmoX¡{hH$ {Xem ‘| hmoVm h¡&

7. g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm g‘yh H$s gXñ¶Vm ^r h¡& ì¶p³V EH$

gmW O~ AZoH$ g‘yhm| H$s gXñ¶Vm J«hU H$aVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶dhma H$m

MVw‘w©Ir {dH$mg hmoVm h¡& Cgo ~hþ‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ê$n ‘| nhMmZm OmVm h¡&

8. A{YJ‘ AdñWm

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{YJ‘ H$s h¡& ì¶p³V {H$gr ZdrZ

AZw^d H$mo {H$g àH$ma grIVm h¡, Bggo Cg ì¶p³VËd H$s AdñWm H$m nVm

MbVm h¡& pñH$Za, {‘ba VWm S>m°bS>© Zo Bg VÏ¶ na ~b {X¶m& B[aH$gZ,

Am°bnmoQ>©, ~m°g, e¡ëS>Z Am{X Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m {dH$mg A{YJ‘ H$s AdñWm

‘| ~Vm¶m h¡&

9. ì¶dhma H$s BH$mB©

pñH$Za Zo ì¶dhma H$mo AZoH$ BH$mB©¶m| ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡& CgH$m H$hZm h¡ {H$ N>moQ>r-

N>moQ>r BH$mB©¶m± O~ nyU© ì¶dhma Ho$ ê$n ‘| ì¶³V hmoVr h¡, Vmo do ì¶p³VËd Ho$

{dH$mg H$m EH$ ^mJ ~Z OmVr h¢&

10. A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg H$s EH$ AdñWm A{^àoaUm H$m ~mhþë¶ ^r h¢& ì¶dhma

VWm ì¶p³VËd H$s nhMmZ A{^àoaUm Ho$ AZoH$ Mam| Ho$ Ûmam hmoVr h¡&

11. {dH$mg H$s gmVË¶Vm

E[aH$gZ Zo {dH$mg H$mo EH$ gVV² {H«$¶m ‘mZm h¢& CgH$m {dídmg h¡ {H$

ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH$mg H$s {d{^ÝZ AdñWmAm| O¡go-^mfm, emar[aH$, g§doJmË‘H$,






gm‘m{OH$ VWm gm§ñH¥${VH$ Cn^mJm| ‘| Zht ~m±Q>m Om gH$Vm& ¶h {dídmg gVV²

Ed§ g‘J« ê$n go MbVm ahVm h¡&

10.8 ì¶p³VËd Ed§ {ejm{ejm H$m CÔoí¶ ì¶p³V H$m gdmªJrU {dH$mg H$aZm h¡& ¶{X ì¶p³V H$m

gdmªJrU {dH$mg hmoVm h¡, Vmo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ^r {dH$mg hmoJm& AV…

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AÜ¶¶Z H$m {ejmempñÌ¶m| Ho$ {bE AË¶ÝV ‘hÎd h¡&

1. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {dH$mg go AÝVÑ©pîQ> {dH${gV hmoVr h¡ Am¡a Cg‘§o

{d{^ÝZ ep³V¶m± g§J{R>V hmoZo bJVr h¡&

2. kmZ go AmË‘{dH$mg H$mo ~b {‘bVm h¡& ñd¶§ Ho$ à{V AZoH$ àË¶¶m§o

H$m ñnîQ>rH$aU hmo OmVm h¡&

3. {dídmg VWm AmË‘-{dídmg {dH${gV hmoVm h¡&

A{^àoaUm, A{YH$ma, ^mdZm, gË¶ H$m kmZ VWm Ad~moY, n[aM¶,

{ZH$Q>Vm, K{ZîQ>Vm Am{X Ho$ {dH$mg ‘| {ejm ghm¶H$ hmoVr h¡& Bgr{bE H$hm

J¶m h¡- ¶h Bg ~mV H$mo XoIVm h¡ {H$ ì¶p³V ñd¶§ H$mo OmZVm h¡ AWdm Zht,

{H$ dh gå‘mZ, Ad~moY VWm ß¶ma nmZo bm¶H$ h¡; dh ñd¶§ H$mo OmZZo VWm

AnZo H$mo Xÿgam| ‘| {‘bZo Ho$ ¶mo½¶ h¡&

10.9 ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘§o AÜ¶mnH$ H$s ^y{‘H$mì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na {dÚmb¶ Ho$ dmVmdaU VWm nR>Z-nmR>Z H$m n¶m©á à^md

n‹S>Vm h¡& Bg‘| {ejH$ H$s ^y{‘H$m ^r H$m’$s Ah‘² hmoVr h¡& {ejH$ Ho$ ì¶dhma,

CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m à^md N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg na AàË¶j ê$n go

n‹S>Vm hr h¡, na AÜ¶mnH$ àË¶j ê$n go CZHo$ ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| ¶moJXmZ

^r H$aVm h¡& AV… Bg ÑpîQ> go {ejH$m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg ‘| AnZr ^y{‘H$m

H$mo gmW©H$ H$aZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV ~mVm| na Ü¶mZ XoZm Mm{hE-1. àË¶oH$ N>mÌ H$s d¡¶p³VH$Vm H$mo nhMmZZo H$m à¶mg {H$¶m OmZm

Mm{hE VWm CZH$s ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVm H$mo Ü¶mZ ‘| aIVo hþE CZH$s OÝ‘OmV j‘VmAm| Ho$ {dH$mg H$m Adga {X¶m OmZm Mm{hE&

2. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo {dH${gV H$aZo Ho$ à¶mg {H$¶o

Om¶o&3. ~mbH$m| Ho$ gdmªJrU {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AZoH$ nmR²>¶H«$‘

ghJm‘r {H«$¶mAm| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m Om¶o&

4. ~mbH$m| H$s ì¶p³VJV, e¡{jH$ Ed§ ì¶mdgm{¶H$ g‘ñ¶mAm| Ho$

g‘mYmZ hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| {ZX}eZ Ed§ nam‘e© godmE± Am¶mo{OV H$s Om¶o&

5. {dÚmb¶ H$m dmVmdaU gab, ‘Ywa, emÝV Ed§ ào‘‘¶ ~Zm¶m Om¶o&

6. ~mbH$m| H$r g¥OZerbVm H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Omdo VWm CZH$mo ñdVÝÌ

{MÝVZ hoVw àmoËgm{hV {H$¶m Om¶o&7. ~mbH$mo H$mo Eogo AZw^d {X¶o Om¶o, {Oggo CZ‘| {dídmg Ed§

AmË‘{dídmg {dH${gV hmo gHo$&8. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^mdembr ~ZmZo Ho$ {bE AmXe© ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$

AZwH$aU Ho$ Adga {X¶o Om¶|&

9. {dÚmb¶ ‘| ~ÀMm| H$mo Cn¶w³V ‘Zmoa§OZ Ho$ Adga ^r {X¶o Om¶o&

10. ~mbH$m| H$m nm[adm[aH$ dmVmdaU AÀN>m hmo Bg hoVw A{^^mdH$m| H$mo

‘mJ©Xe©Z {X¶m Omdo&

11. OÝ‘OmV ep³V¶m| Ho$ {dH$mg hoVw {dÚmb¶ ‘| AÀN>m dmVmdaU

~Zm¶m Om¶|&

12. AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo AnZo ñd¶§ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo AZwH$aUr¶ ~ZmZm

Mm{hE&

13. N>mÌm| ‘| gH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om¶o

14. AÜ¶mnH$m| H$mo AnZm ÑpîQ>H$moU ^r gH$mamË‘H$ ~ZmZo Mm{hE&

15. N>mÌ AÜ¶mnH$ gå~ÝY ñZoh nyU© Ed§ ‘Ywa ~ZmZo H$s Amoa Ü¶mZ

XoZm Mm{hE&

16. N>mÌm| Ho$ g‘J« ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s ì¶dñWm H$s Om¶o&

17. ~mbH$m| H$mo ZH$mamË‘H$ ÑpîQ>H$moU Ed§ g§doJm| go ~Mm¶m Om¶o&18. N>mÌm| H$mo ñdVÝÌ A[^ì¶p³V Ho$ {bE Adga àXmZ {H$¶o Om¶o&

10.10 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ H$m B{Vhmg ~hþV nwamZm h¡& àmMrZ H$mb ‘|

h‘mao Xoe ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ emar[aH$, ‘mZ{gH$ Am¡a

AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ {dH$mg Ho$ g‘J« ê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& AV… V~ BgH$m ‘mnZ

^r BZHo$ {dH$mg Ho$ AmYma na {H$¶m OmVm Wm& AmJo MbH$a Cgo CgH$s

gV²,aO² Am¡a V‘² d¥[Îm¶m| Ho$ ê$n ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm OmZo bJm Am¡a {Og ì¶p³V

‘| {Og d¥[Îm H$s A{YH$Vm hmoVr Wr, Cgo Cgr Ho$ AZwHy$b gmpËdH$, amOgr

AWdm Vm‘gr ì¶p³VËd H$m H$hm OmZo bJm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Z Vmo h‘ ì¶p³VËd Ho$

ñdê$n Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡ Am¡a Z hr CgHo$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {df¶ ‘| EH$‘V h¡&

Xÿgao Xoem| H$s H$hmZr h‘mao Xoe go Hw$N> {^ÝZ h¢& àmMrZH$mb ‘| dhm±

‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd go VmËn¶© CgHo$ ~mø ñdê$n go {b¶m OmVm Wm& dh {Og

àH$ma H$m ì¶dhma H$aVm Wm Cgo CgHo$ ì¶dhma Ho$ AZwHy$b Cgr dJ© ‘| aIm

OmVm Wm& amo‘Z H$mb ‘| dhm± CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd ‘| CgHo$ AmÝV[aH$ ñdê$n H$mo

^r gpå‘{bV {H$¶m OmZo bJm Am¡a V~ CgH$m ‘mnZ ^r XmoZm| AmYmam| na

{H$¶m OmZo bJm&

dV©‘mZ ‘| ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ñdê$n H$s ì¶m»¶m Am¡a CgHo$ ‘mnZ

H$s {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg nmíMmË¶ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ewê$ {H$¶m& CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd

‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg ^r {H$¶m h¡& h‘mao Xoe Ho$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

CZH$m AmYw[ZH$aU H$a aho h¢& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {OZ {d{Y¶m| H$m

{dH$mg hþAm h¡, CÝh| ‘ybV… Xmo dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡- Aàjonr

{d{Y¶m± Am¡a àjonr {d{Y¶m±& Aàjonr {d{Y¶m| ‘| Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± ì¶p³V{ZîR> h¢

Am¡a Hw$N> {d{Y¶m± dñVw{ZîR> h¢& ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢-

AdbmoH$Z {d{Y, gmjmËH$ma {d{Y, àíZmdbr {d{Y, ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y Am¡a

AmË‘H$Wm [d{Y& dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- {Z¶{ÝÌV {ZarjU

{d{Y, loUr ‘mnZr, emar[aH$ narjU Am¡a n[apñW{V narjU& àjonr {d{Y¶m|

‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± h¢- gmhM¶© à{d{Y, aMZm à{d{Y, ny{V© à{d{Y, M¶Z à{d{Y

Am¡a A{^ì¶p³V narjU& A{^ì¶p³V narjU ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU,






àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU Am¡a ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU ‘w»¶ h¢& ì¶p³VËd

narjUm| Ho$ Bg dJuH$aU H$mo ZrMo Ho$ MmQ>© Ûmam EH$ ÑpîQ> ‘| XoIm-g‘Pm Om

gH$Vm h¡-

10.10.1 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$

‘mnZ narjU n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ‘mÝ¶VmAm|, AnZr ngÝX-

ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV hmoVo h¢& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘|

{ZåZ{b{IV {d{Y¶m± gpå‘{bV h¢-1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y3. àíZmdbr {d{Y4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y5. AmË‘H$Wm {d{Y

1. AdbmoH$Z {d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶dhma H$m AdbmoH$Z H$aVm h¡ Am¡a ¶h

XoIVm h¡ {H$ Cg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$m¡Z-H$m¡Z go bjU h¢ Am¡a do {H$VZr-{H$VZr

‘mÌm ‘| h¢- A{YH$, gm‘mÝ¶ AWdm Ý¶yZ ‘mÌm ‘|& ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Wm°Z©S>mBH$

Am¡a O{g©©ëS> Zo àmaå^ ‘| Bgr {d{Y H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m Wm&

Bg {d{Y H$m g~go ~‹S>m JwU ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s

{deofVmAm| (ì¶p³VËd bjUm|) H$mo ñd¶§ AnZr Am±Im| go XoIVm h¡ Am¡a {X‘mJ

go g‘PVm h¡, Cgo {H$gr ‘mnZ CnH$aU H$s Amdí¶H$Vm Zht hmoVr&

Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y

go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡

{H$ BgHo$ ‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do dñVw{ZîR> Z hmoH$a

ì¶p³V{ZîR> hmoVo h¢&

2. gmjmËH$ma {d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ EH$-Xÿgao Ho$ Am‘Zo-gm‘Zo hmoVo h¢&

‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjÊm gå~ÝYr àíZ nyN>Vm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶

CZHo$ CÎma XoVm h¡& ¶h H$m¶© Am¡nMm[aH$ AWdm AZm¡nMm[aH$ {H$gr ^r ê$n

‘| {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© gd©àW‘

à¶moÁ¶ go gm¡hmX«© ñWm{nV H$aVm h¡& Bg{bE à¶moÁ¶ AnZo gå~ÝY ‘| JmonZr¶

VÏ¶ ^r ~Vm XoVm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ Hw$N>

Eogo bjUm| H$s OmZH$mar ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡, Omo AÝ¶ {d{Y¶m| go Zht H$s

Om gH$Vr; O¡go- AmË‘{dídmg Ed§ A{^ì¶p³V e¡br& Bg {d{Y go Xÿgar

{d{Y¶m| Ûmam àmá Am±H$‹S>m| H$s nwpîQ> ^r H$s Om gH$Vr h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ

‘w»¶ ê$n go à¶moÁ¶m| H$s g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm bJmH$a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e

XoZo go {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Bg {d{Y go ì¶p³VJV ‘mnZ ‘| g‘¶ ~hþV A{YH$ bJVm h¡ Am¡a My±{H$

EH$ g‘¶ ‘| Ho$db EH$ hr à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm

h¡, Bg{bE g‘¶ Ho$ gmW-gmW ep³V ^r ~hþV A{YH$ bJVr h¡& {’$a ¶h

ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘m| na {dídmg Zht {H$¶m Om gH$Vm&

3. àíZmdbr {d{Y

àíZmdbr {d{Y H$mo n[agyMr {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& ¶h gmjmËH$ma H$m Am¡nMm[aH$

Ed§ {b{IV ê$n h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶{³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ nhbwAm|-

~w{Õ, A{^j‘Vm, g§doJ, AmXe©, ‘yë¶ Am¡a gm‘m{OH$Vm Am{X go gå~pÝYV

àíZm| H$s aMZm H$a CÝh| gyMr~Õ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& BZ gy{M¶m| H$mo ì¶p³VËd

n[agyMr H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o n[agy{M¶m± à¶moÁ¶ AWdm à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo {dV[aV H$s

OmVr h¡§ Am¡a CZgo ¶m Vmo BÝht n[agy{M¶m| na ¶m AbJ go {XE JE CÎma nÌ

na CZ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma XoZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& àíZm| Ho$ àH$ma Ho$ AmYma na

àíZmd{b¶m| H$mo {ZåZ{b{IV Mma dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV {H$¶m OmVm h¡-1. à{V~pÝYV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm|

H$m CÎma à{V~pÝYV ê$n go XoZm hmoVm h¡; O¡go- hm± ¶m Zm àíZ& Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU àñVwV h¡-

³¶m Amn A{V{W¶m| Ho$ AmJ‘Z na àgÝZ hmoVo h¢? hm±/Zm

2. Iwbr àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo àíZm| Ho$

CÎma AnZo VarH$m| go XoZo H$s ñdVÝÌVm hmoVr h¡& Bg àH$ma Ho$ àíZm| H$m EH$ CXmhaU h¡-

n[adma ‘| A{V{W Ho$ AmJ‘Z na h‘| CZHo$ gmW H¡$gm ì¶dhma H$aZm

Mm{hE?

3. {MÌmË‘H$ àíZmdbr- Bg àíZmd{b¶m| ‘§o àíZm| H$mo {MÌ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo C{MV {MÌ H$m M¶Z H$a

{ZemZ bJmH$a CÎma XoZm hmoVm h¡&4. {‘{lV àíZmdbr- ¶o do àíZmdbr h¢, {OZ‘| Cnamo³V Xmo ¶m VrZm|

àH$ma Ho$ àíZ hmoVo h¢&

Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|- AmË‘{dídmg, AYrZVm, AÝV‘w©IVm, ~{h‘w©IVm

Ed§ à^wËd àd¥{Îm Am{X H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Xÿgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$

à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ CÎmam| H$s {^ÝZVm Ho$ AmYma na CZHo$ ì¶p³VËdm| H$s VwbZm H$s

Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a Vrgar {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg {d{Y go EH$ g‘¶ ‘| AZoH$






à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ EH$ gmW {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, Bggo g‘¶ Ed§

ep³V, XmoZm| H$s ~MV hmoVr h¡&

Bg {d{Y H$r AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& nhbr H$‘r Vmo ¶h h¡ {H$

à¶moÁ¶ àm¶… {~Zm gmoMo CÎma Xo gH$Vo h¢& Xÿgar H$‘r ¶h h¡ {H$ do ~ZmdQ>r

CÎma ^r Xo gH$Vo h¢, Am¡a XoVo ^r h¢& à¶moÁ¶m| H$mo AnZo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~mao ‘|

gyMZm XoZr hmoVr h¡, Bg{bE do àm¶… YZmË‘H$ VÏ¶m| H$mo ~‹T>m-M‹T>m H$a ì¶³V

H$aVo h¢ Am¡a G$UmË‘H$ VÏ¶m| H$mo {N>nmZo H$m à¶ËZ H$aVo h¢&

gm‘mÝ¶V¶m ¶h EH$ AÀN>r {d{Y ‘mZr OmVr h¡& Bg ~rM ì¶p³VËd

‘mnZ H$s AZoH$ n[agy{M¶m| H$m {Z‘m©U hþAm h¡& CZ‘| go Hw$N> ‘w»¶ n[agy{M¶m|

Ho$ Zm‘ {ZåZ {XE Om aho h¢-

1. ~¡b H$s g‘m¶moOZ n[agyMr

2. {‘ZmgmoQ>m ZmZm pñW{VH$ ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr

3. ~Z©a²¶yQ>a ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr 4. Am°bnmoQ>© E. Eg. à{V{H«$¶m AÜ¶¶Z5. ’«$m¶S> hrS>~«oH$S>a H$m AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir narjU6. H$mZ©b gyMH$7. dwS>dW© H$m ì¶p³VËd VÏ¶ nÌH$8. ‘Zmo{dkmZembm CÎma àXoe H$s ì¶p³VËd n[agyMr

4. ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y

ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y H$mo OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y ^r H$hVo h¢& Bg {d{Y ‘|

à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ OÝ‘ go boH$a A~ VH$ Ho$ {df¶ ‘o| gm‘mÝ¶ gyMZmE± EH${ÌV H$s

OmVr h¡; O¡go- emar[aH$ ñdmñÏ¶, n[an³dVm, ~w{Õ, nm[adm[aH$ gå~ÝY,

gm‘m{OH$ gå~ÝY, {ejm Am¡a ì¶p³VJV g‘ñ¶mE±& ‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o gyMZmE± Xmo

àH$ma go àmá H$aVo h¢- EH$ grYo à¶moÁ¶m| go Am¡a Xÿgao à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV

ì¶p³V¶m| (‘mVm-{nVm, n‹S>mogr, ghnmR>r Am{X) go&

{ejm Ho$ joÌ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘w»¶ ê$n go ~mb AnamYm| Ho$

H$maUm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {H$¶m OmVm h¡& {M{H$Ëgm Ho$ joÌ ‘| BgH$m à¶moJ

‘w»¶ ê$n go ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$aVo h¢&

Bg {d{Y H$s AnZr Hw$N> H${‘¶m± r h¢& nhbr ¶h h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ AWdm

à¶moÁ¶m| go gå~pÝYV ì¶p³V à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ~mao ‘| àm¶… ghr gyMZm Zht XoVo Am¡a

Xÿgar ¶h h¡ {H$ ¶h ì¶p³V{ZîR> {d{Y h¡, BgHo$ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr

ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV ‘mZXÊS> na {Z^©a H$aVo h¢, do ghr ^r

hmo gH$Vo h¢ Am¡a JbV ^r&

5. AmË‘H$Wm {d{Y

AmË‘H$Wm {d{Y Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV Xmo ê$n hmoVo h¢-1. ê$naoIm AmYm[aV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$

gå‘wI H$moB© erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo

Cg erf©H$ AWdm ê$naoIm Ho$ AZwgma AnZo OrdZ Ho$ AmYma na

{dMma A{^ì¶³V H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& eV© ¶h hmoVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ EH$ ~ma Omo {bI XoVm h¡ Cgo CgH$mo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr&

V~ CgHo$ Bg AmË‘H$Wm gå~ÝYr boI ‘| CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| H$m A{^ì¶³V hmoZm ñdm^m{dH$ h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© Bg boI

H$m {díbofU H$a à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr VÏ¶m| H$s OmZH$mar

H$aVm h¡&

2. ê$naoIm a{hV AmË‘H$Wm- Bg {d{Y ‘§o à¶moÁ¶ H$mo ñdVÝÌ ê$n

go AnZr AmË‘H$Wm {bIZr hmoVr h¡, Cgo {H$gr àH$ma H$m erf©H$,

ê$naoIm AWdm {ZX}e Zht {XE OmVo& Bg‘| ^r à¶moÁ¶ H$mo Omo EH$

~ma {bI {X¶m, Cgo H$mQ>Zo H$s AZw‘{V Zht hmoVr& n[aUm‘ñdê$n

CgHo$ MoVZ Ed§ AMoVZ, XmoZm| njm| H$s ñdm^m{dH$ A{^ì¶p³V

hmoVr h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ H$s AmË‘H$Wm H$m {díbofU H$a CgHo$

ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr VÏ¶m| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$aVm h¡&

AmË‘H$Wm {H$gr ^r àH$ma go {bIdmB© OmE, Cg‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$

ì¶p³VËd Ho$ A{V{d{eîQ> nj COmJa hmoVo h¢& Bg AmË‘H$Wm go à¶moÁ¶ Ho$

O{Q>b g§doJm| H$s OmZH$mar àmá H$s Om gH$Vr h¡ Am¡a CÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e

{XE Om gH$Vo h¢&

¶h {d{Y gm‘mÝ¶ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE AÀN>r Zht ‘mZr

OmVr, BgH$m Cn¶moJ CÝht ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZo Ho$ {bE

{H$¶m OmVm h¡, {OÝh| ì¶p³VJV {ZX}e XoZo hmo&

10.10.2 ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m±ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y¶m| go VmËn¶© CZ {d{Y¶m| go h¡, {OZHo$

‘mnZ n[aUm‘ ‘mnZH$Vm© H$s AnZr ngÝX-ZmngÝX Am¡a AnZo ì¶p³VJV

‘mZXÊS>m| go à^m{dV Zht hmoVo& BZ {d{Y¶m| ‘| ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y3. emar[aH$ narjU {d{Y¶m±4. n[apñW{V narjU

1. {Z¶pÝÌV AdbmoH$Z {d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³Vd H$m ‘mnZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘|

CgHo$ ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m], g§doJmË‘H$ {dH$mg, é{M¶m|, A{^d¥{Îm¶m| Ed§ AmXVm|

Am{X H$m {ZarjU H$aHo$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg‘| Hw$N> hr Am±H$‹S>m| go {ZîH$f© Zht

{ZH$mbo OmVo, A{nVw à¶moÁ¶ H$mo {d{^ÝZ {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| aIH$a

CgH$m {ZaÝVa dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go {ZarjU {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ ~mX

{ZîH$f© {ZH$mbo OmVo h¢&

Bg {d{Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ Bg‘| ì¶p³V H$s

AZw{H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z {d{^ÝZ àH$ma H$s {Z¶pÝÌV n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| {H$¶m

OmVm h¡, Bg{bE CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dmñV{dH$ VÏ¶m| H$s OmZH$mar hmo OmVr

h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘o| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¡& Bg àH$ma H$m ghr {ZarjU ¶mo½¶ Ed§

à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢& gmW hr ¶h {d{Y gm‘mÝ¶ AdbmoH$Z H$s

Anojm Vmo dñVw{ZîR> hmoVr h¡, naÝVw nyU©ê$n go dñVw{ZîR> Zht hmoVr&

2. loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y

loUr ‘mnZr {d{Y H$mo {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr {d{Y Am¡a H«$‘ {ZYm©aU {d{Y ^r H$hVo

h¢& gd©àW‘ Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo^m¡{VH$s ‘| ’¡$³Za Zo {H$¶m Wm, naÝVw

Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr H$m àH$meZ gd©àW‘ JmëQ>Z Zo 1889 ‘| {H$¶m

Wm& dV©‘mZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ g~go A{YH$ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y






‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr AZoH$ bjUm| H$mo àñVwV H$a CZHo$ {bE H«$‘ {ZYm©[aV

H$aZm hmoVm h¡& H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$m H$m¶© ¶m Vmo Cgr ì¶p³V go H$am¶m OmVm

h¡, {OgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ H$aZm hmoVm h¡ ¶m Cggo gå~pÝYV {H$gr EH$

AWdm EH$ go A{YH$ ì¶p³V¶m| go H$am¶m OmVm h¡& dV©‘mZ ‘| H$B© àH$ma H$s

loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| H$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¢, CZ‘| go Hw$N> à‘wI {ZåZ{b{IV h¢-

1. M¡H$ {bñQ>- M¡H$ {bñQ> Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¢& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go

gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s

OmVr h¡ {H$ à¶moÁ¶ ‘| BZ‘| go Omo bjU (JwU) hmo, CZ na ghr

H$m {ZemZ ({) bJm Xo Am¡a Omo ghr Zht hmo, CZ na Zht (�)

bJm Xo; O¡go-

gmhg - h¡/Zht h¡

Xÿgao àH$ma H$s M¡H$ {bñQ> ‘| JwU Ho$ AmJo ‘mÌm {bIr hmoVr h¡ Am¡a

{ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| dh JwU {Og

‘mÌm ‘| hmo Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M• bJmE; O¡go- à¶moÁ¶ ‘|

{ZåZ{b{IV JwU {Og ‘mÌm ‘| hmo, Cg na ghr ({) H$m {M•

bJmE-

gmhg - ~hþV A{YH$/A{YH$/gm‘mÝ¶/H$‘/~hþV H$‘

2. Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr- ¶h ^r Xmo àH$ma H$s hmoVr h¡& EH$ ‘| ì¶p³VËd go gå~pÝYV Hw$N> bjU {XE hmoVo h¢, {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU g~go A{YH$ hmo, CÝh| 1 A§H$ Xo, Omo Bggo H$‘ hmo CÝh| 2 A§H$ Xo Am¡a Bgr àH$ma AÝ¶ bjUm| H$mo 3, 4 d 5 A§H$ Xo& Xÿgar Am§{H$H$ ‘mnZr Eogr hmoVr h¡, {Og‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr 3, 5 AWdm 7 bjU {XE hmoVo h¢ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go ¶h Anojm H$s OmVr h¡ {H$ dh à¶moÁ¶ ‘| Omo bjU gdm©{YH$ ‘mÌm ‘| hmo, Cgo 1 Am¡a Cgr H«$‘ ‘| Omo bjU g~go H$‘ hmo Cgo ApÝV‘ A§H$ 3, 5 AWdm 7 A§H$ àXmZ H$ao; O¡go- Amn {ZåZ{b{IV ‘yë¶m| ‘| {OgH$mo gdm©{YH$ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 1 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|, {Ogo Cggo H$‘ ‘hÎd XoVo h¢, Cgo 2 A§H$ àXmZ H$a| Am¡a Bgr H«$‘ ‘| AÝ¶ ‘yë¶m| H$mo 3, 4 d 5 A§H$ àXmZ H$a|-

gË¶ Aqhgm AñVo¶ An[aJ«h ~«÷M¶©

3. J«m{’$H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr JwU H$mo A§H$ àXmZ H$aZo Ho$ ñWmZ na Cgo J«m’$ na ~Zr j¡{VO aoIm na {~ÝXþ go ì¶³V {H$¶m

OmVm h¢ Bgo j¡{VO aoIm H$mo gmVË¶ H$hVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© j¡{VO aoIm na bJmE JE {~ÝXþAm| H$s Xÿar Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ¶Wm

bjU H$s ‘mÌm H$mo kmV H$aVm h¡& d¡go Bg àH$ma H$s loUr ‘mnZr H$m à¶moJ ~hwV H$‘ {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

4. H«${‘H$ ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV àíZ AWdm H$WZm| Ho$ ñWmZ na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ H$B© bjUm| H$mo EH$

gmW àñVwV {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a {ZYm©aH$ go CÝh| à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam àXmZ ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$am¶m OmVm h¡; O¡go- AmnH$s

ÑpîQ> go EH$ {ejH$ ‘| Omo JwU hmoZo Mm{hE CÝh| àmW{‘H$Vm Ho$ H«$‘

‘| àñVwV H$amo-

{df¶ H$m kmZ, {ejU H$m¡eb, ghmZw^y{V, H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>m&

5. ~mÜ¶ M¶Z ‘mnZr- Bg‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$gr bjU go gå~pÝYV

àíZ Ho$ Xmo ¶m Xmo go A{YH$ CÎma {XE hmoVo h¢- à¶moÁ¶ ¶m {ZYm©aH$

H$mo CÝht CÎmam| H$m M¶Z H$aZm hmoVm h¡, O¡go-

Amn {H$g àH$ma Ho$ CnÝ¶mg n‹T>Zm ngÝX H$aVo h¢? Omgygr ¶m

gm‘m{OH$&

loUr ‘mn{Z¶m| Ûmam ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ bjUm|; O¡go- ~w{Õ‘Vm,

{dZ‘«Vm, B©‘mZXmar, erbVm, AZwemgZ{à¶Vm, gmh{gH$Vm, H$‘©R>Vm,

H$Îm©ì¶{ZîR>Vm Ed§ {MÝVZerbVm Am{X H$m ‘mnZ {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡, naÝVw

V^r O~ à¶moÁ¶ Ed§ {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go loUr {ZYm©aU H$a|&

ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘| Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ~hþVm¶V go {H$¶m OmVm h¡,

naÝVw XoIm ¶h J¶m h¡ {H$ Z Vmo A{YH$Va à¶moÁ¶ AnZo ì¶p³VËd bjUm| Ho$

{df¶ ‘| ghr gyMZm XoVo h¢ Am¡a Z {ZYm©aH$ ghr T>§J go H«$‘ {ZYm©aU H$aVo h¢&

3. emar[aH$ narjU {d[Y¶m±

‘Zwî¶ H$s ‘mZ{gH$ Ed§ emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| ‘| ~‹S>m {ZH$Q> gå~ÝY hmoVm h¡, ¶o

EH$-Xÿgao H$mo à^m{dV H$aVr h¢& V~ ‘Zwî¶ H$s emar[aH$ {H«$¶mAm| Ho$ Ûmam

CgH$s ‘mZ{gH$ {H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& Bg ~rM d¡km{ZH$m|

Zo ‘Zwî¶ Ho$ eara ‘| hmoZo dmbo n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ AZoH$ ¶ÝÌm| H$m {Z‘m©U

{H$¶m h¡; O¡go- Zm‹S>r H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE ñ’$mB©J‘moJ«m’$, a³VMmn ZmnZo

Ho$ {bE ßb¡Z{Wg‘moJ«m’$, öX¶ H$s J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo H$m{S>©¶moJ«m’$,

ídmg J{V ZmnZo Ho$ {bE {’$¶w‘moJ«m’$, ËdMm ‘| hmoZo dmbo amgm¶{ZH$ n[adV©Zm|

H$mo ‘mnZo Ho$ {bE gmBH$mo J¡bdZmo‘rQ>a Am¡a ‘pñVîH$ H$s {H«$¶mAm| H$mo ‘mnZo

Ho$ {bE Bb¡³Q´>mo EZ{g’$mobmoJ«m‘& dV©‘mZ ‘| BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$s ghm¶Vm go ì¶p³V

{deof Ho$ n[apñW{V {deof ‘| hmoZo dmbo emar[aH$ n[adV©Zm| H$mo ‘mn H$a CgH$s

‘mZ{gH$Vm H$m AÜ¶¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡, CgH$s AÝV…{H«$¶mAm| H$m AÜ¶¶Z

{H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Bg àH$ma CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AZoH$ {N>no hþE VÏ¶m| Ho$

{df¶ ‘| OmZH$mar àmá H$s OmVr h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r H$B© H${‘¶m± h¡& Bggo ì¶p³V H$s Ho$db g§doJmË‘H$

pñW{V H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& BZ ¶ÝÌm| H$m à¶moJ {deof à{ejU

àmá ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&

4. n[apñW{V narjU

Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ g‘j CZHo$ OrdZ H$s H$moB© dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V

¶m dmñV{dH$ n[apñW{V O¡gr H¥${Ì‘ n[apñW{V aIr OmVr h¡& à¶moÁ¶ BZ

n[apñW{V¶m| ‘| à{V{H«$¶mE± H$aVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶m| Ho$ ‘w»¶V… Xmo ê$n

h¢- g‘mO{‘{V Am¡a ‘ZmoZmQ>H$

1. g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y- Bg {d{Y H$m à{VnmXZ Oo. Eb. ‘moaoZmo Zo 1934 ‘| {H$¶m Wm& Bg {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh {deof Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| go Cg g‘yh ‘| ì¶p³V {deofm| H$mo CZHo$ JwUm| Ho$ AmYma na, M¶Z

H$aZo AWdm N>mo‹S> XoZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡, O¡go- {H$gr g‘yh ‘|

gdm©{YH$ bmoH${à¶ ì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE g‘yh Ho$ gXñ¶m| go {ZåZ{b{IV H$m¶© H$am¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE, {OÝh| Amn AnZo g‘yh H$m

ZoVm ~ZmZm MmhVo h¢&






Bgr àH$ma Cno{jV ì¶p³V H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE {ZåZ{b{IV

AmXoe {X¶m Om gH$Vm h¡-

CZ VrZ ì¶p³V¶m| Ho$ Zm‘ H«$‘mZwgma {b{IE {OÝh| Amn ngÝX Zht

H$aVo&

Bg {d{Y Ûmam n[adma, {dÚmb¶, H$jm Ed§ H$m¶m©b¶ Am{X ‘|

gdm©{YH$ bmoH${à¶ Ed§ amÁ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm

h¡& Bggo g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {d{^ÝZ bjUm| H$s

gmno{jH$ pñW{V H$m ^r nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡ Am¡a CZHo$

ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {H$gr JwU H$s VwbZm H$s Om gH$Vr h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& {H$gr ^r g‘yh ‘| H$moB© ^r ì¶p³V

Bg àH$ma Ho$ {ZU©¶ dñVw{ZîR> T>§J go Zht boVm& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Bg

{d{Y H$mo {dídgZr¶ Zht H$hm Om gH$Vm&2. ‘ZmoZmQ>H$- Bg {d{Y go Hw$N> {deof n[apñW{V¶m| na AmYm[aV

ZmQ>H$m| H$m Am¶moOZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& VËníMmV² {Og ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| H$mo kmV H$aZm hmoVm h¡, CgHo$ OrdZ H$s n[apñW{V¶m| go ¶w³V n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ {H$gr ZmQ>H$ H$m M¶Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡ Am¡a Cg ZmQ>H$ ‘| Bg ì¶p³V H$mo EH$ {deof nmÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| A{^Z¶ H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& Bg ZmQ>H$ ‘| H$B© nmÌ hmoVo h¢& ‘mnZH$Vm© Bg ì¶p³V Ho$ H$m¶©H$bmnm| na {deof Ü¶mZ XoVm h¡ Am¡a CgHo$ hmd-^md Ho$ AmYma na CgH$s ‘ZmoXem H$m nVm bJmVm h¡&

‘ZmoZmQ>H$ g‘m¶moOZ n[apñW{V¶m| go gå~pÝYV hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE

BZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V H$s g‘m¶moOZ go gå~pÝYV g‘ñ¶mAm| H$m nVm

bJm¶m OmVm h¡& Bg {d{Y H$m à¶moJ ‘Zmo{M{H$Ëgm ‘| {deof ê$n go

{H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& A{^Z¶ Ho$ Xm¡amZ ì¶p³V {deof

Ûmam H$s OmZo dmbr {H«$¶mAm| Ed§ hmd-^md H$m {díbofU H$a ì¶p³V

H$s ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJmZm EH$ O{Q>b H$m¶©

h¡, Bgo {deof ê$n go à{e{jV ‘mnZH$Vm© hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&

10.10.3 ì¶p³VËd narjU H$s àjonr {d{Y¶m±àjonU go VmËn¶© ì¶p³V H$s ~mø dñVwAm| Ho$ à{V AnZo AÝV‘©Z H$s à{V{H«$¶m

go hmoVm h¡& Bg eãX H$m gd©àW‘ à¶moJ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ’«$m¶S> Zo {H$¶m Wm&

’«$m¶S> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³V H$m ì¶dhma CgHo$ MoVZ ‘Z H$s Anojm CgHo$

AMoVZ ‘Z go A{YH$ à^m{dV hmoVm h¡& CgZo ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ

H$aZo Ho$ {bE ‘Z Ho$ gmW-gmW AMoVZ ‘Z go hmoZo hmoZo dmbo ì¶dhmam| H$m

^r AÜ¶¶Z H$aZo na ~b {X¶m& n[aUm‘ñdê$n Hw$N> Eogr {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg

{H$¶m J¶m, {OZHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ AMoVZ ‘Z ‘| {N>nr X{‘V BÀN>mAm| Am¡a

CZHo$ Ûmam CgHo$ ì¶dhma na n‹S>Zo dmbo à^md H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aZm gå^d

hþAm& BZ {d{Y¶m| H$mo hr ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àojnr {d{Y¶m± H$hm OmVm h¡&

dmaoZ Ho$ eãXm| ‘|-

àjonr {d{Y ‘Zwî¶ H$s X{‘V BÀN>mAm| H$mo ~mø OJV na Amamo{nV H$aZo H$s {d{Y

h¡&

Bg àH$ma H$s Hw$N> ‘w»¶ {d{Y¶m± {ZåZ{b{IV h¡-

1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y

2. aMZm à{d{Y

3. ny{V© à{d{Y

4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y

5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU

1. gmhM¶© à{d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘o§ à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo

CZgo gå~pÝYV à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$mo H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o CÔrnH$ eãX, dm³¶

AWdm {MÌ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢& BZ‘| gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ ‘| AmZo dmbr

{d{Y eãX gmhM¶© {d{Y h¡& Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> MwZo hþE eãX

CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a à¶moÁ¶ H$mo BZ eãXm| go gå~pÝYV

CgHo$ ‘Z ‘| AmZo dmbo eãXm| H$mo ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ {bE ào[aV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

‘mnZH$Vm© ¶o eãX EH$-EH$ H$aHo$ ~mobVm h¡, àË¶oH$ eãX H$s à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n

~mobo JE eãXm| H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a gmW hr Bg à{V{H«$¶m ‘| {bE JE g‘¶

H$mo ZmoQ> H$aVm h¡ Am¡a AÝV ‘| à{V{H«$¶m ñdê$n ~mobo JE BZ eãXm| Ho$ AmYma

na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ H$aVm h¡& ¶h {d{Y {deof ê$n go ‘mZ{gH$

J«{ÝW¶m|, ‘ZmoamoJm| Am¡a AnamYm| H$m nVm bJmZo Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJ H$s OmVr h¡,

naÝVw BgH$m ghr à¶moJ Bg {d{Y ‘| à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&

2. aMZm à{d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢ Am¡a Cggo

CZHo$ AmYma na aMZm H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶h aMZm CÔrnH$ H$s

àH¥${V Ho$ AZwgma dm³¶, H${dVm, H$hmZr AWdm {MÌ, {H$gr ^r ê$n ‘| H$amB©

Om gH$Vr h¡& d¡go gm‘mÝ¶V… dm³¶ aMZm Am¡a H$hmZr aMZm hr H$amB©© OmVr

h¡& Bg‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s aMZm H$m {díbofU H$aHo$ CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z

{H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢, do

AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢, Bg{bE àË¶oH$ ì¶p³V AnZo {dMmam| Ho$ AmYma

na aMZm H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Bg aMZm ‘| CgHo$ AÝV‘©Z H$s A{^ì¶p³V hmoVr h¡&

Bggo CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd gå~ÝYr ghr VÏ¶m| H$r OmZH$mar H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,

naÝVw ¶h H$m¶© {OVZm H$hZo ‘| gab h¡ CVZm hr H$aZo ‘| H${R>Z h¡& Bg {d{Y

H$m à¶moJ ^r à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢

3. ny{V© à{d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI H$moB© AYyar aMZm CÔrnH$ Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s

OmVr h¡ Am¡a Cgo Cgo nyam H$aZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡& ¶o AYyar aMZmE± AYyao

dm³¶, AYyar H${dVm AWdm AYyar H$hmZr Ho$ ê$n ‘| àñVwV H$s Om gH$Vr h¡,

naÝVw gm‘mÝ¶V… AYyao dm³¶ Am¡a AYyar H$hm{Z¶m± hr àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢ Am¡a

dm³¶ ny{V© Am¡a H$hmZr ny{V© hr H$amB© OmVr h¡& AÝV ‘| à¶moÁ¶ H$s Bg aMZm

Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| Eogr AYyar aMZmE± àñVwV H$s OmVr h¢, {OZH$mo nyam H$aZo

‘| ì¶p³V H$s ì¶p³VJV {deofVmE± àH$Q> hmoVr h¢ Bg{bE BgHo$ Ûmam ì¶p³VËd

H$s {deofVmAm| H$m nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| ^r Hw$N> H${‘¶m± h¢& Bg {d{Y go {H$gr ì¶p³V H$s gr{‘V






{deofVmAm| H$m hr nVm bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡& gmW hr ¶h H$m¶© {deof ê$n go

à{e{jV ì¶p³V hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&

4. H«$‘ ¶m M¶Z à{d{Y

Bg {d{Y ‘| ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ gå‘wI Hw$N> dñVwAm|, {MÌm|, eãXm| H$WZm|,

‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| Am{X H$mo àñVwV H$aVm h¡ Am¡a Cggo BÝh| AnZo Ûmam

{XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AZwgma H«$‘~Õ H$aZo H$mo H$hVm h¡& à¶moÁ¶ gdm©{YH$

‘hÎd dmbo H$mo àW‘ ñWmZ na aIVo hþE AÝ¶ g^r H$m ñWmZ A§{H$V H$aVm

h¡& ‘mnZH$Vm© à¶moÁ¶ Ûmam {XE JE H«$‘ Ho$ AmYma na CgHo$ ì¶p³VËd H$m

‘yë¶m§H$Z H$aVm h¡&

Bg {d[Y H$s g~go ~‹S>r {deofVm ¶h h¡ {H$ BgHo$ Ûmam à¶moÁ¶ Ho$

g§doJm|, ‘yë¶m| Ed§ {gÕmÝVm| H$m nVm AmgmZr go bJm¶m Om gH$Vm h¡&

Bg {d{Y ‘| Hw$N> H${‘¶m± ^r h¢& ¶{X à¶moÁ¶ AnZo Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd

Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ Z XoH$a g‘mO Ûmam {XE JE ‘hÎd Ho$ AmYma na H«$‘ XoVm

h¡, Vmo gånyU© l‘ ì¶W© Mbm OmVm h¡&

5. A{^ì¶p³V narjU

Bg àH$ma H$s {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ì¶p³V Ho$ gå‘wI Omo CÔrnH$ àñVwV {H$E OmVo h¢,

CZHo$ à{V dh AnZo {dMma ì¶³V H$aZo Ho$ {bE nyU© ñdVÝÌ hmoVm h¡& My±{H$

¶o CÔrnH$ AñnîQ> Ed§ AZoH$mWu hmoVo h¢ Bg{bE {H$gr EH$ CÔrnH$ Ho$ {bE

{^ÝZ-{^ÝZ ì¶p³V¶m| H$s AZw{H«$¶m {^ÝZ-{^ÝZ hmoVr h¡& Bg {^ÝZ AZw{H«$¶m

Ho$ AmYma na à¶moÁ¶ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m AmH$bZ {H$¶m OmVm h¡& A~ VH$ Bg

àH$ma H$s AZoH$ {d{Y¶m| H$m {dH$mg {H$¶m Om MwH$m h¡, naÝVw CZ‘| go Hw$N>

H$m à¶moJ {deof ê$n go {H$¶m OmVm h¡, Omo {ZåZ{b{IV h¢- 1. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU2. ‘ao àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU3. ~¡bH$ ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU

BZ narjUm| Ûmam ì¶p³V Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$m ghr-ghr ‘mnZ H$aZo H$m

Xmdm {H$¶m OmVm h¡& amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$s {dídgZr¶Vm .37 go .95

VH$ VWm d¡YVm .80 go .82 VH$ ~VmB© OmVr h¡, naÝVw BZ narjUm| H$m

àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z AnZo ‘| H${R>Z H$m¶© h¡& BZH$m àemgZ Ed§ ’$bm§H$Z

{deofk hr H$a gH$Vo h¢&

*******

Aä¶mgmW© àíZ

1. b¡{Q>Z ^mfm Ho$ eãX ngm}Zm H$m AW© h¡-(1) ì¶p³V (2) ì¶p³VJV

(3) ‘wIm¡Q>m (4) Anyd©

2. ng©Zo{bQ>r eãX H$s ì¶wËn{Îm J«rH$ ^mfm Ho$ {H$g eãX go hþB© h¡?(1) ng©Zb (2) nagmBZ

(3) nagZ (4) nagmoZm

3. àË¶oH$ ì¶p³VËd à{V‘mZ hmoVm h¡-(1) ~{h‘w©Ir (2) A^yVnyd©

(3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) n[adV©Zerb

4. Character & Personality Zm‘H$ nwñVH$ {H$gHo$ Ûmam {bIr

JB© h¡?(1) JmS>©Za Ed§ ‘a’$s Ûmam (2) nmoboÝñH$s Ûmam

(3) dwS>dW© Ûmam (4) Wmon© Ed§ e‘ba Ûmam

5. ‘mZd ì¶p³VËd n[aUm‘ h¡-(1) Ho$db dmVmdaU H$m

(2) Ho$db AmZwd§{eH$Vm H$m

(3) nmbZ-nmofU Am¡a {ejm H$m

(4) AmZwd§{eH$Vm Am¡a dmVmdaU H$s AÝV…{H«$¶m H$m

6. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| go EH$ h¡-(1) ~w{Õ (2) {ejm

(3) gm‘m{OH$ ñVa (4) g‘m¶moOZ

7. dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW gm‘mÝ¶ Ed§ ñWm¶r g‘m¶moOZ hr ì¶p³VËd h¡&

¶h n[a^mfm h¡-(1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$s (2) ~mo[a¨J H$s

(3) ‘Z H$s (4) e¡ëS>Z H$s

8. H$m¡Zgm VÎd ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVmAm| ‘| gpå‘{bV Zht h¡?(1) ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ

(2) JË¶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z

(3) Ag§JVVm

(4) dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ

9. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gmYmaU {d{Y h¡-(1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$

(3) Ho$g AÜ¶¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

(3) (4) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1)




PDF àJÊ¶ àH$meZ H$s do~gmBQ> www.praganya.org go

hr S>mCZbmoS> H$a|&







10. ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s gd©loîR> {d{Y h¡-(1) àíZmdbr (2) àjonUmË‘H$

(3) Ho$g AÜ¶¶Z (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

11. g‘pÝdV ì¶p³VËd ‘| nm¶m OmVm h¡-(1) gwÝXa {XIZo H$s BÀN>m

(2) AÀN>o dñÌ YmaU H$aZm

(3) Ñ‹T> BÀN>mep³V


12. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| g‘mOempñÌ¶m| H$m ‘V ³¶m h¡?(1) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo n¡V¥H$ {damgV go ‘w³V ahVm h¡&

(2) ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, Omo OÝ‘ go {dÚ‘mZ ahVm h¡&

(3) g§ñH¥${V- ì¶p³VËd H$mo n[a‘m{O©V H$aVr h¡&

(4) ì¶p³VËd g‘yh g§ñH¥${V go à^m{dV Ed§ n[ad{V©V hmoVm h¡&

13. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘o§ go ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à‘wI AÜ¶¶Z joÌ ³¶m h¢?(1) ì¶p³VJV Ed§ g‘mO ‘Zmo{dkmZ

(2) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ gm§ñH¥${VH$ ‘Zmo{dkmZ

(3) ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ‘Zmo{dkmZ

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

14. ì¶p³VËd Ed§ ~w{Õ ‘| d§emZwH«$‘ H$s-(1) Zm‘‘mÌ H$s ^y{‘H$m h¡& (2) ‘hÎdnyU© ^y{‘H$m h¡&

(3) Anydm©Zw‘o¶ ^y{‘H$m h¡& (4) AmH$f©H$ ^y{‘H$m h¡&

15. ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbm VÎd h¡-(1) d§emZwH«$‘ (2) dmVmdaU

(3) Cn¶w©³V XmoZm| (4) XmoZm| ‘| go H$moB© Zht

16. dm§{N>V ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡-(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) g§doJr¶ pñWa

(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) EWbo{Q>H$

17. dV©‘mZ ‘| ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àH$mam| H$m gdm}Îm‘ dJuH$aU {H$gH$m ‘mZm

OmVm h¡-(1) Am°bnmoQ>© H$m (2) Ow§J H$m

(3) ‘wao H$m (4) e¡ëS>Z H$m

18. eara aMZm {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ Wo-(1) e¡ëS>Z (2) H«o$í‘a

(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) Ow§J

19. ì¶p³VËd AÜ¶¶Z H$s {df¶JV {d{Y h¡-(1) hñVaoIm AÜ¶¶Z (2) g‘mO{‘{V

(3) amoem© narjU (4) {ZYm©aU‘mZ

20. ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$m| Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$VZo nhby ‘mZo h¢?(1) 2 (2) 4

(3) 5 (4) 6

21. JoñQ>mëQ> ÑpîQ>H$moU go ì¶p³VËd H$s ì¶m»¶m {H$gZo H$s h¡?(1) ‘wao Zo (2) S´>oda Zo

(3) ñQ>¡JZa Zo (4) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo

22. ì¶p³VËd H$m gdm©{YH$ ‘mÝ¶ dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡-(1) Ow§J Zo (2) ho‘oZ Zo

(3) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo

23. H¡$Q>b Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ bjUm| H$s Hw$b g§»¶m h¡-(1) 159 (2) 150

(3) 171 (4) 200

24. T.A.T. narjU {H$gH$m ‘mnZ H$aVm h¡?(1) ~w{Õ H$m (2) CnbpãY H$m

(3) ì¶p³VËd H$m (4) ê${M H$m

25. ‘yë¶m| Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo (2) ñQ>oJZa Zo

(3) ‘wao Zo (4) amoem© Zo

26. AÝV‘w©Ir VWm ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd Ho$ gåàË¶¶ àñVwV {H$¶o J¶o Wo-(1) ES>ba Ûmam (2) hm°Zu Ûmam

(3) ’«$mo‘ Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam

27. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ àH$ma h¡-(1) AÝV‘w©Ir

(2) g¡ÕmpÝVH$

(3) ep³VhrZ

(4) gm‘m{OH$

28. AÝV‘w©Ir ñd^md dmbo ì¶p³V àm¶…-

(1) H$‘ ~mobVo h¢&

(2) ~hþV ~mobVo h¢&

(3) emÝV ~Zo ahVo h¢&

(4) ~mobVo h¢, Vmo ~mobVo hr ahVo h¢&

29. ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³V hmoVm h¡-(1) AmË‘ Ho$pÝÐV

(2) H$‘ ~mobZo dmbm

(3) AmXe©dmXr

(4) gm‘m[OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| é{M boZo dmbm

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29.

(3) (3) (4) (4) (1) (3) (2) (2) (1) (1) (2) (4) (1) (3) (3) (2) (4) (1) (1) (4)






30. ~{h‘©wIr ì¶p³V H$s {deofVm h¡-(1) AmemdmXr hmoVm h¡&

(2) {MÝVm‘w³V hmoVm h¡&

(3) A{YH$ gm‘m{OH$ hmoVm h¡&

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r JwUm| go gånÝZ hmoVm h¡&

31. {ZåZ {d‘mAm| ‘| go {H$g na dh ì¶p³V CÀM àmám§H$ àmá H$aoJm, Omo

~hþV h±g‘wI hmo VWm gm‘m{OH$ hmo?(1) AmH«$m‘H$Vm (2) ~w{Õ

(3) AÝV‘w©IVm (4) ~{h‘w©IVm

32. ~më¶mdñWm ‘| ~mbH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$s à‘wI {deofVm ³¶m hmoVr h¡?

(1) AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd

(2) ì¶p³VËd H$s AZwnpñW{V

(3) C^¶njr¶ ì¶p³VËd

(4) ~{h‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd

33. AË¶{YH$ dmMmb, àgÝZ{MÎm H$aZo dmbo VWm gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm Ho$

YZr ì¶p³V H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡-(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir

(3) gÝVw{bV (4) BZ‘| go g^r

34. AmÜ¶mpË‘H$ àd¥{Îm Ed§ gm{hpË¶H$ é{M dmbm ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡-(1) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$ (2) AÝV‘w©Ir

(3) ~{h‘w©Ir (4) C^¶‘wIr

35. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-(1) ñd¶§ ‘| (2) AnZo n[adma Ed§ {‘Ìm| ‘|

(3) AÝ¶ g^r ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|

36. ~{h‘w©Ir {dÚmWu AÝV‘w©Ir {dÚmWu go {H$g {deofVm Ho$ AmYma na

{^ÝZ hmoVm h¡?(1) ‘O~yV ^mdZmE±, ngÝXJr Ed§ ZmngÝXJr

(2) ‘Z hr ‘Z naoemZ hmoZo H$s Anojm AnZr ^mdZmAm| H$mo A{^ì¶³V

H$aVm h¡&

(3) AnZo ~m¡{ÕH$ H$m¶m] ‘| Sy>~m ahVm h¡&

(4) ~mobZo H$s Anojm {bIZo ‘| ~ohVa

37. H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd AÜ¶¶Z H$s àjonU {d{Y Zht h¡?(1) amoem©Q>oñQ> (2) Q>r. E. Q>r.

(3) ‘Zmo{^Z¶ (4) g‘mO{‘{V

38. ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {dMma {X¶m h¡-(1) ’«$m¶S>> Zo (2) JoñQ>mëQ>dm{X¶m| Zo

(3) H¡$Q>b Zo (4) dwS>dW© Zo

39. {H$gr ~ÀMo H$m ì¶p³VËd, d§emZwH«$‘ Am¡a dmVmdaU H$m ³¶m hmoVm h¡?(1) ¶moJmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

(2) JwUmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

(3) G$UmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

(4) YZmË‘H$ à{Vê$n

40. {H$gHo$ AZwgma, AmO h‘mam ¶h {dMma h¡ {H$ ì¶p³VJV {d{^ÝZVmAm|

‘| gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$m H$moB© ^r Eogm nhby gpå‘{bV hmo gH$Vm h¡,

[OgH$s ‘mn H$s Om gH$Vr h¡?(1) {n¶mOo Ho$ (2) JmëQ>Z Ho$

(3) pñH$Za Ho$ (4) nmdbm°~ Ho$

41. {H$gZo ‘mZd àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Xmo à‘wI àH$ma

(AÝV‘w©Ir Am¡a ~{h‘©wIr) ~VmE h¢-(1) Ow§J Zo (2) {n¶mOo Zo

(3) ~y«Za Zo (4) ‘mñbmo Zo

42. ’«$m¶S>> H$s ì¶p³VËd AÜ¶¶Z {d{Y H$hbmVr h¡-(1) dñVw{ZîR> {d{Y (2) g‘mO{‘{V {d{Y

(3) ‘Zmo{díbofU {d{Y (4) AmË‘{ZîR> {d{Y

43. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘o§ ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m-(1) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo

(2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo

(3) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo

(4) {~Zo d gmB‘Z Zo

44. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmg§{JH$ ~moY narjU ‘| Hw$b 30 H$mS>© hmoVo h¢, {OZ‘|-(1) 10 ‘{hbmAm|, 10 nwéfm| Ed§ 10 XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&

(2) 15 ‘{hbmAm| Ho$ {bE d 15 nwéfm| Ho$ {bE h¢&

(3) g^r 30 ‘{hbmAm| Ed§ nwéfm| XmoZm| Ho$ {bE h¢&

(4) 20 ~‹S>m| Ho$ {bE d 10 ~ÀMm| Ho$ {bE h¢&

45. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘§o go nhbr

ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?(1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr

(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V

46. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU ‘| {H$VZo H$mS²>©g hmoVo h¢?(1) 5 (2) 20

(3) 30 (4) 10

47. àmg§{JH$ AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) amoem© Zo

(3) {~Zo gmB‘Z Zo (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47.

(4) (4) (4) (2) (2) (1) (1) (4) (1) (2) (3) (1) (3) (2) (1) (4) (4) (1)






48. {ZåZ{b[IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ~mb {dH$mg H$s AdñWm à{VÛÝÛmË‘H$

g‘mOrH$aU H$m H$mb ‘mZm OmVm h¡?

(1) ~më¶mdñWm (2) e¡edmdñWm


49. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby

(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

50. {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m

gånyU© {MÌ ‘mZm h¡?(1) S>oerb Zo (2) JwS> Zo

(3) {Jb’$moS>© Zo (4) S´>oda Zo

51. ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V ‘| {Z{hV ‘Zmo-emar[aH$ àUm{b¶m| H$m J{Verb

g§JR>Z h¡, Omo CgHo$ dmVmdaU Ho$ gmW A{ÛVr¶ g‘m¶moOZ H$mo

{ZYm©[aV H$aVm h¡& ¶h n[a^mfm {H$g ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo Xr h¡?(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Zo (2) pñH$Za Zo

(3) S´>oda Zo (4) ‘Z Zo

52. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE ì¶p³V H$s gånyU© gyMZmE± àmá H$aZo H$s

{d{Y h¡-(1) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y (2) ì¶p³V B{Vhmg {d{Y

(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) {ZYm©aU {d{Y

53. Xme©{ZH$ Am¡a {dMmaH$ ì¶p³V¶m| H$m ì¶p³VËd hmoVm h¡-(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir

(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) BZ‘| go H$moB© Zht

54. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$mo g§emo{YV H$aHo$ ^maVr¶ n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$

AZwHy$b {H$gZo ~Zm¶m?(1) àmo. e§H$a Zo (2) C‘m Mm¡Yar Zo

(3) S>m°. Amerdm©X‘ Zo (4) S>m°. ObmoQ>m Zo

55. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU {H$g Am¶w dJ© Ho$ {bE {deof Cn¶moJr h¡?(1) 1 go 10 df© (2) 3 go 11 df©

(3) 2 go 14 df© (4) 6 go 14 df©

56. e¡ëS>Z Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m?(1) JmobmH¥${V (2) d¥ÎmmH¥${V

(3) Am¶VmH¥${V (4) bå~mH¥${V

57. H$m¡Zgm narjU Ho$db {e{jV bmoJm§o Ho$ {bE Cn¶moJr h¡?(1) Iob d ZmQ>H$ (2) ~mb AÝV~m}Y

(3) amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m (4) dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V©

58. amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U ha‘Z amoem© Zo H$~ {H$¶m?(1) 1915 (2) 1921

(3) 1925 (4) 1948

59. gdm©{YH$ à¶moJ {H$¶m OmZo dmbm ì¶p³VËd narjU H$m¡Zgm h¡?(1) amoem© narjU (2) àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY

(3) ~mb àg§JmË‘H$ ~moY (4) g‘mO{‘{V

60. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m H$m¡Zgm àH$ma Zht ~Vm¶m Wm?(1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWbo{Q>H$

(3) ñW§{VH$ (4) {nH${ZH$

61. {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ {H$gr {deof JwU H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$ gm{W¶m|

go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?(1) {ZYm©aU ‘mnZr ‘| (2) g‘mO{‘{V ‘|

(3) {ZînmXZ narjU ‘|o (4) g‘mO narjU ‘|

62. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go àíZmdbr {d{Y H$m àH$ma Zht h¡-(1) Iwbr àíZmdbr (2) ~ÝX àíZmdbr

(3) Am{lV àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr

63. dm³¶ ¶m H$hmZr ny{V© narjU Ho$ {Z‘m©UH$Vm© Wo-(1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao (2) nmBZo d Q>oÊQ>ba

(3) {~J d hÊQ> (4) ãboH$

64. ~mb AÝV~m}Y narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) ‘m°J©Z d ‘wao Zo (2) ObmoQ>m Zo

(3) {b¶monmëS> ãboH$ Zo (4) ‘moaoZmo Zo

65. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Ho$ ì¶p³VËd Ho$ dJuH$aU H$m AmYma h¡-(1) emar[aH$ JR>Z Am¡a e³bgyaV

(2) aMZmË‘H$Vm Am¡a ‘m¡{bH$Vm

(3) g‘m¶moOZ Am¡a ~w{Õ

(4) {MÝVZ Am¡a H$ënZm

66. EH$ gÝVw{bV ì¶p³VËd dh h¡, {Og‘|-(1) BX‘² Ed§ na‘ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

(2) BX‘² Ed§ Ah‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

(3) Ah‘² Ed§ na‘² Ho$ ~rM gÝVwbZ ñWm{nV {H$¶m OmVm h¡&

(4) ‘O~yV Ah‘² H$mo ~Zm¶m OmVm h¡&

67. {Jb’$moS>© Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd H$mo à^m{dV H$aZo dmbo à{VH$maH$ ‘|

em{‘b Zht h¡-(1) gm‘m{OH$ AZw{H«$¶m (2) g§JR>Z na ~b

(3) gd©ì¶mnr VÎd (4) Am¶ H$m òmoV

48. 49. 50. 51. 52. 53. 54. 55. 56. 57. 58. 59. 60. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67.

(1) (3) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (3) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (4) (4) (4)






68. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ à{VH$maH$ {gÕmÝV Ho$ à{VnmXH$ h¢-(1) ‘Z (2) JwS>

(3) {H$bn¡{Q´>H$ (4) Ama. ~r. H¡$Q>b

69. {ZåZ ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V Zht h¡-(1) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU (2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU

(3) H$hmZr ny{V© narjU (4) g§{MV A{^boI narjU

70. AÝV‘w©Ir ì¶p³VËd dmbo ì¶p³V é{M aIVo h¢-(1) AÝ¶ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| (2) ñd¶§ AnZo ‘|

(3) ^m¡{VH$ H$m¶m] ‘| (4) gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘|

71. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s {ZåZ ‘| H$m¡Zgr {d{Y Zht h¡?(1) àíZmdbr narjU (2) S´>m-E-‘¡Z

(3) gd} narjU (4) àjonU narjU

72. dh {d{Y, Omo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ JwUm| H$m AZw‘mZ bJmZo Ho$ {b¶o à¶w³V

hmoVr h¡, H$hbmVr h¡-(1) ‘mnZ aoIm {d{Y

(2) ì¶p³VJV {ZXmZ {d{Y

(3) ‘ZmoZrV {d{Y

(4) àjonU {d{Y

73. ñà¢Ja Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘§o ~m±Q>m h¡?(1) 4 (2) 8

(3) 6 (4) 3

74. ì¶p³VËd H$m ~{h‘w©Ir-AÝV‘w©Ir dJuH$aU gd©àW‘ {H$gHo$ Ûmam

àñVwV {H$¶m J¶m?(1) Am°bnmoQ>© Ûmam (2) ñà¢Ja Ûmam

(3) ’«$m¶S>> Ûmam (4) Ow§J Ûmam

75. H«o$í‘a Zo ì¶p³VËd H$mo {H$VZo dJm] ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡?(1) 5 (2) 4

(3) 2 (4) 6

76. e¡ëS>Z Ho$ EÊS>mo‘m{’©$H$ dJuH$aU ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢?(1) ep³VhrZ, Xþ~bo-nVbo, g§H$moMr VWm AÝV‘w©Ir

(2) ‘O~yV, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm ’w$Vubo

(3) ‘moQ>o, H$mo‘b VWm Jmob eara dmbo Amam‘ ngÝX

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

77. Ah§ep³V, gm‘m{OH$Vm, hR>dm{XVm BË¶m{X ³¶m h¡?(1) g§doJ (2) àoaUm

(3) erbJwU (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm

78. EH$mÝV{à¶, g§H$moMr, AmXe©dmXr VWm AmË‘JV ÑpîQ>H$moU dmbo ì¶p³V

Ow§J Ho$ ì¶p³VËd dJuH$aU Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢?(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir

(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

79. EH$ {dÚmWu ì¶dhma Hw$eb, g§H$moMa{hV, ¶WmW©dmXr VWm gm‘m{OH$

{H«$¶mH$bmnm| ‘| n¶m©á ^mJ boVm h¡, Cgo Ow§J Ho$ {H$g ì¶p³VËd dJ© ‘|

aIm Om gH$Vm h¡?(1) C^¶‘wIr (2) ~{h‘w©Ir

(3) AÝV‘w©Ir (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| g^r

80. H«o$í‘a Zo emar[aH$ aMZm Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$mo EñWo{Z³g,

EWobo{Q>³g, {S>gßbmpñQ>H$ VWm ........... ê$n ‘| ~m±Q>m h¡&(1) ßbmpñQ>H$ (2) {nH${ZH$

(3) à’w$ëb (4) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$

81. ñn«¢Ja Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU àñVwV {H$¶m h¡?(1) emar[aH$ aMZm

(2) ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ JwU

(3) ‘yë¶

(4) ñd^md

82. ¶{X H$moB© ì¶p³V àË¶oH$ (A{YH$m§eV…) n[apñW{V ‘| g§doJmË‘H$

ApñWaVm àX[e©V H$aVm h¡, Vmo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ ê$n ‘| H$hm Om gH$Vm

h¡ {H$ Cg‘| g§doJmË‘H$ ApñWaVm H$m ........... h¡&(1) JwU (2) erbJwU

(3) ‘mZXÊS> (4) ‘ybàd¥{Îm

83. Eogo ì¶p³V, {OZ‘| AÝV‘w©Ir Ed§ ~{h‘w©Ir XmoZm| dJm] H$s {deofVmE±

nm¶r OmVr h¢, CÝh| ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ Zo H$hm h¡-(1) AYmo‘wIr (2) gd©‘wIr

(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

84. ‘O~yV ‘m±gno{e¶m| Ed§ h[È¶m| dmbo, g{H«$¶, n[al‘r VWm gmhgr

ì¶p³V e¡ëS>>Z Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| gpå‘{bV h¡?(1) EÊS>mo‘m°{’©$H$

(2) ‘ogmo‘m°{’©$H$

(3) E³Q>mo‘m°{’©$H$


85. H«o$í‘a Ho$ EñWo{Z³g dJ© ‘| H¡$go ì¶p³V gpå‘{bV h¢?(1) ‘O~yV emar[aH$ JR>Z dmbo

(2) emar[aH$ ê$n go H$‘Omoa, bå~o VWm nVbo

(3) ‘moQ>o VWm N>moQ>o


68. 69. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. 75. 76. 77. 78. 79. 80. 81. 82. 83. 84. 85.

(4) (4) (2) (3) (1) (1) (4) (2) (3) (3) (1) (2) (2) (3) (2) (3) (3) (2)






86. N>moQ>o, ‘moQ>o, Mm¡‹S>o VWm Jmob ì¶p³V Ho«o$í‘a Ûmam {H$¶o J¶o ì¶p³VËd

dJuH$aU H$s {H$g loUr ‘| AmVo h¢?(1) EWobo{Q>³g (2) EñWo{Z³g

(3) {nH${Z³g (4) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g

87. ‘O~yV, Mm¡‹S>o H$ÝYo Ed§ grZo VWm gÝVw{bV eara dmbo ì¶p³V H«o$í‘a

Ho$ {H$g dJ© ‘| AmVo h¢?(1) EñWo{Z³g (2) {S>ñßbmpñQ>³g

(3) {nH${Z³g (4) EWobo{Q>³g

88. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àjonr ¶wp³V¶m| Ho$ AÝVJ©V Zht h¡-(1) amoem© H$m ñ¶mhr Ho$ Yã~m| dmbm narjU

(2) AÝVíMoVZm{^ ~moYZ narjU

(3) ~mb A{^~moYZ narjU

(4) n[apñW{V narjU

89. H«o$í‘a Omo {H$ {dÛmZ h¢, CÝhm|Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ Mma àH$ma {H$g AmYma

na ~VmE?(1) ‘mZ{gH$ ñdmñÏ¶ Ho$ AmYma na

(2) ‘mZ{gH$ ep³V¶m| Ho$ AmYma na

(3) emar[aH$ g§aMZm Ho$ AmYma na

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

90. {‘ZogmoQ>m ~hþnjr¶ ì¶p³VËd gyMr H$m {Z‘m©U gd©àW‘ {H$gZo {H$¶m?(1) nmoQ>©a Ed§ H¡$Q>b Zo

(2) {Jb’$moS>© Ed§ {O‘a‘¡Z Zo

(3) hmWdo Ed§ ‘¡{H$Zbo Zo


91. N>mÌm| Ho$ ì¶p³VËd H$mo ‘mnZo Am¡a nam‘e© XoZo Ho$ {bE {Og nÕ{V H$m

à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) {ZarjUmË‘H$ nÕ{V (2) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y

(3) à¶moJmË‘H$ nÕ{V (4) g¡ÕmpÝVH$ {d{Y

92. Am°bnmoQ>© Ho$ ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV H$m CX²^d {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gHo$

nyd©Jm‘r Ho$ ê$n ‘| hþAm?(1) ‘Zmo{díbofU (2) ì¶dhmadmX

(3) ‘mZdVmdmXr ÑpîQ>H$moU (4) ApñVËddmX

93. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm ì¶p³VËd H$m àjonr narjU Zht h¡?(1) g¡H$ H$m dm³¶ ny{V© narjU

(2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU

(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU

(4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg Ebm±J narjU

94. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgr ì¶p³VËd ‘yë¶m§H$Z H$s EH$ {d{Y Zht h¡?(1) OZ{ZH$ {d{Y (2) ‘Z…PÝPmH$aU {d{Y

(3) Ho$g AÜ¶¶Z {d{Y (4) àjonU {d{Y

95. ì¶p³VËd H$s {deofVm {H$g ê$n ‘| ~Vm¶r Om gH$Vr h¡?(1) emar[aH$ {deofVmAm| Ho$ g‘wÀM¶

(2) ‘Zmod¥{Îm¶m| Am¡a erbJwUm| H$m g‘wÀM¶

(3) n[apñW{V¶m| Ho$ à{V à{V{H«$¶m H$aZo H$s g‘wÀM¶ e¡br

(4) Cnamo³V g^r

96. namh‘² ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g EH$ nj H$m à{V{Z{YËd

H$aVm h¡?(1) Z¡{VH$ (2) Ym{‘©H$

(3) ‘ybàd¥Î¶mË‘H$ (4) AVm{H©$H$

97. ì¶p³VËd AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m

H$s h¡-(1) ‘yb àd¥{Îm Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|

(2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|

(3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|

(4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| Ho$ gÝX^© ‘|

98. Q>r.E.Q>r. {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$gH$m g‘wÀM¶ h¡?(1) 31 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| VWm EH$ [a³V H$mS>©

(2) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra| d EH$ [a³V H$mS>©

(3) 32 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|

(4) 30 H$mbr d ídoV Vñdra|

99. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ àmê$n {gÕmÝVm| H$s g~go n¥W³H$mar {deofVm> ³¶m h¡?(1) eara {dÝ¶mg VWm ñd^md ‘| gå~ÝY

(2) eara {dÝ¶mgm| H$m dJuH$aU

(3) àmê$nr A{^bjU

(4) ‘Z…emar[aH$ CnmJ‘

100. CnbpãY à{V‘mdbr H$m AÜ¶¶Z {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go {H$g narjU

Ûmam {H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) amoem©$ narjU Ûmam

(2) Q>r.E.Q>r. Ûmam

(3) dm³¶ ny{V© narúmU Ûmam

(4) S´>m E ‘¡Z Q>oñQ> Ûmam

101. {ZåZ{b{IV {H$g narjU ‘| gm‘m{OH$ ~w{Õ EH$ ì¶p³VËd Am¶m‘

h¡?(1) E‘.nr.AmB©. (2) gr.nr.AmB©.

(3) 16 nr.E’$. àíZmdbr (4) E‘.E‘.nr.AmB©

86. 87. 88. 89. 90. 91. 92. 93. 94. 95. 96. 97. 98. 99. 100. 101.

(3) (4) (4) (3) (3) (2) (3) (4) (2) (4) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (2)






102. ì¶p³VËd AÜ¶¶Z Ho$ àmMrZV‘ CnmJ‘m| Zo ‘mZd ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m

H$s h¡-(1) ‘ybàd¥{Îm go (2) n¶m©daUr¶ CÔrnH$m| go

(3) OZ{ZH$ H$maH$m| go (4) OÝ‘OmV erbJwUm| go

103. àH¥${V Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m {d^mOZ {H$gZo {H$¶m h¡?(1) ES>ba Zo (2) AmBÝOoH$ Zo

(3) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg Zo (4) H¡$Q>b Zo

104. gmjmËH$ma, g§{já dmVm©bmn Ûmam ì¶p³V H$mo g‘PZo H$s {d{Y h¡&

ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s gmjmËH$ma {d{Y Ho$ gå~ÝY ‘| ¶h H$WZ {H$gH$m

h¡?(1) J¡aoQ> H$m (2) dwS>dW© H$m

(3) hmQ>©emZ© H$m (4) nmoboÝñH$s H$m

105. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s àíZmdbr {d{Y ‘| O~ àíZm| Ho$ CÎma hm± ¶m Zht

‘| XoZo hmoVo h¢, Vmo ¶h H$hbmVr h¢-(1) ~ÝX àíZmdbr (2) Iwbr àíZmdbr

(3) g{MÌ àíZmdbr (4) {‘{lV àíZmdbr

106. {H$gHo$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V Ho$ g§J{R>V ì¶dhma H$m gånyU© {MÌ

hmoVm h¡?(1) S>oerb (2) ‘Z

(3) Am°bnmoQ>© (4) S´>oda

107. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {H$g nhby H$m gå~ÝY ‘mZd H$s {H«$¶mAm| go h¡-(1) gm‘m{OH$ nhby (2) H$maU gå~ÝYr nhby

(3) {H«$¶mË‘H$ nhby (4) Bg‘| go H$moB© Zht

108. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s H$m¡Zgr {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z CgHo$

gånH©$ ‘| ahZo dmbo bmoJm| go H$adm¶m OmVm h¡?(1) n[apñW{V narjU {d{Y (2) ì¶dhma narjU {d{Y

(3) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y (4) ‘mZXÊS>-‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y

109. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V H$mo {MÌ {XImH$a CgHo$

AmYma na {bIr JB© H$hmZr Ho$ {díbofU Ûmam ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘yë¶m§H$Z

{H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) ì¶p³V n[agyMr (2) àjonU {d{Y

(3) ‘mZXÊS> ‘yë¶m§H$Z {d{Y (4) OrdZ B{Vhmg {d{Y

110. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ H$s {H$g {d{Y ‘| {H$gr g‘yh Ho$ ì¶p³V¶m| ‘| go nhbr

ngÝX H$m ì¶p³V MwZZo Ho$ {bE H$hm OmVm h¡?(1) aoqQ>J ñHo$b (2) àíZmdbr

(3) {ZarjU {d{Y (4) g‘mO{‘{V

111. AZw{H«$¶m e¡br Ho$ à^md H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZo hoVw ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ ‘|

{ZåZ{b{IV à{d{Y¶m| ‘| go {H$gH$m à¶moJ {H$¶m OmVm h¡?(1) ~hþ{dH$ën à{d{Y H$m (2) AZwH«${‘H$ dJ© à{d{Y H$m

(3) dbH¥$V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m (4) ‘w³V AZw{H«$¶m à{d{Y H$m

112. ì¶p³VËd ‘mn{Z¶m| H$s d¡YVm ‘| à‘wI ~mYm h¡-(1) A{ZpíMV AZw{H«$¶m loUr (2) AZw{H«$¶m e¡{b¶m±

(3) narjU H$m ñnîQ> CÔoí¶ (4) ì¶p³V-pñW{V AÝV{H«©$¶m

113. {Og ì¶p³V H$m eara JR>Z aoIr¶ VWm ZwH$sbmnZ {bE hþE Am¡a CgHo$

A{^bjH$ ì¶dhma ‘| EH$mÝV{à¶Vm, empÝV{à¶Vm VWm EH$mH$snZ

H$m Am^mg {‘bo CgH$m ñd^md e¡ëS>Z Ho$ AZwgma {H$g àH$ma H$m

hmoJm?(1) H$m¶©àYmZ (2) à‘pñVîH$ àYmZ

(3) AÝVam§JàYmZ (4) Hw$J{R>V

114. AnZo ì¶p³VËd {gÕmÝV ‘| Ow§J Zo {H$g gåàË¶¶ H$m Cn¶moJ {H$¶m

Wm?(1) AMoVZ (2) gm‘y{hH$ AMoVZ

(3) AÕ©MoVZ (4) loîR>Vm Ho$ {bE ào[aV H$aZm

115. ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝV‘w©Ir-~{h‘w©Ir {d‘mE± {deof ê$n go gå~pÝYV h¢-(1) e¡ëS>Z go (2) AmBOoÝH$ go

(3) H¡$Q>b go (4) {d{b¶‘ Ooåg go

116. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE H$m¡Zgm àjonr¶ narjU Zht h¡?(1) eo³g dm³¶ ny{V© narjU

(2) eãX gmhM¶© narjU

(3) hmoëQ²>O‘¡Z ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU

(4) Ebo³OoÊS>a nmg-Ebm±J narjU

117. ì¶p³VËd ‘mnZr H$s {Og {d{Y ‘| ì¶p³V Ho$ gm‘Zo Hw$N> AñnîQ> Ed§

Ag§a{MV CÔrnH$ {XE OmVo h¢ Am¡a CZHo$ n«{V H$s JB© AZw{H«$¶mAm| Ho$

AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m ‘mnZ hmoVm h¡, Cgo H$hm OmVm h¡-(1) àjonr¶ {d{Y (2) àojU {d{Y

(3) ì¶p³VËd Am{dîH$m[aH$m (4) gmjmËH$ma {d{Y

118. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma OÝ‘ Ho$ g‘¶ CnpñWV ì¶p³VËd VÎd H$mo H$hm

OmVm h¡-(1) Ah‘² (2) ajm àH«$‘

(3) namh‘² (4) Cnmh‘²

119. Cnmh‘² Ed§ namh‘² XmoZm| hr h¡- (1) AmZÝX MmhZo dmbo (2) AmdoJerbVm

(3) AVm{H©$H$ (4) Vm{H©$H$

102. 103. 104. 105. 106. 107. 108. 109. 110. 111. 112. 113. 114. 115. 116. 117. 118. 119.

(3) (3) (2) (1) (1) (3) (4) (2) (4) (4) (1) (2) (2) (2) (4) (1) (2) (3)






120. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd H$m dh ^mJ h¡, Omo

‘moQ>o Vm¡a na {ddoH$ go {‘bVm-OwbVm h¡?(1) Cnmh‘² (2) Ah‘²

(3) namh‘² (4) {b{dS>m|

121. H$mb© amoOg© Ho$ AZwgma Hw$g‘m¶moOZ H$m AmYma d¡få¶ h¡-(1) BX‘² VWm namh‘² Ho$ ‘Ü¶

(2) dmñV{dH$ ñd VWm AmXe© ñd Ho$ ‘Ü¶

(3) ñd VWm dmVmdaU Ho$ ‘Ü¶

(4) AMoVZ VWm MoVZ Ho$ ‘Ü¶

122. Ah‘² H$m àYmZ H$m¶© {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go ³¶m h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$ ê$n go àñVm{dV VarH$m| go Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$s VwpîQ>

H$aZm

(2) Cnmh‘² H$s BÀN>mAm| H$mo {Z¶pÝÌV H$aZm

(3) Cnmh‘² go namh‘² VH$ D$Om©Am| H$m ñWmZmÝVaU H$aZm

(4) d¡go ì¶dhma H$mo CÝZV ~ZmZm, Omo ñdmW©hrZ Ed§ Z¡{VH$ h¡&

123. ’«$m¶S>> Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd {dH$mg H$s g~go ‘hÎdnyU© Ad{Y h¡-(1) OÝ‘ go 5 ¶m 6 gmb VH$

(2) 5 ¶m 6 gmb go VéUmdñWm VH$

(3) {H$emoamdñWm

(4) d¶ñH$mdñWm

124. bå~o VWm Xþ~bo-nVbo H$X Ho$ ì¶p³V H$mo Ho«$í‘a Ho$ AZwgma {H$g

loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡?(1) EñWo{ZH$ (2) EWobo{Q>H$

(3) {S>ñßbmpñQ>H$ (4) {nH${ZH$

125. Omo ì¶p³V g§doXZerb, bOmbw Ed§ e§H$mbw àd¥{Îm Ho$ hmoVo h¢, CZH$s

{MÎmàH¥${V H$mo Amn {H$g loUr ‘| aI|Jo?(1) {dgamoQ>mo{Z¶m (2) gmo‘¡Q>moQ>mo{Z¶m

(3) goar~«moQ>mo{Z¶m (4) pñH$Omo’«o${Z¶m

126. {Og ì¶p³V H$m emar[aH$ H$X gwS>m¡b Ed§ ‘m±gno{e¶m± ‘O~yV hmoVr h¢,

Cgo {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmVm h¡?(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s©

(2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s©

(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s©


127. Omo bmoJ Amam‘ ngÝX, ^moOZ {à¶ VWm Xÿgam| H$m ñZoh Ed§ ß¶ma nmZo

H$mo BÀNw>H$ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm?(1) EÊS>mo‘m°’$s© (2) ‘ogmo‘m°’$s©

(3) E³Q>mo‘m°’$s© (4) AÝV‘w©Ir

128. Omo bmoJ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶m] ‘| hmW ~±Q>mZo dmbo hmoVo h¢, hmñ¶{à¶ VWm

hm{OaOdm~ hmoVo h¢, CÝh| Ow§J Ho$ AZwgma {H$g loUr ‘| aIm OmEJm?(1) AÝV‘w©Ir (2) ~{h‘w©Ir

(3) C^¶‘wIr (4) Cn¶w©³V ‘| go H$moB© Zht

129. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go {H$go Amn ì¶p³VËd Ho$ O¡{dH$ {ZYm©aH$m| H$s gyMr

‘| Zht aI|Jo?(1) V{ÝÌH$m VÝÌ (2) emar[aH$ JR>Z

(3) nr¶yf J«pÝW (4) ñHy$b

130. à{V~b go ì¶p³V X¡{ZH$ OrdZ ‘| {H$g àH$ma go ~Mmd H$aVm h¡?(1) ‘ZmoaMZmAm| Ûmam

(2) Jhar Zr§X boH$a

(3) g‘ñ¶m g‘mYmZ Ûmam

(4) ‘Zmo{M{H$ËgH$ H$s gbmh boH$a

131. H¡$Q>b Ûmam {H$VZo ‘yb erbJwUm| H$mo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ {bE ‘hÎdnyU© ‘mZm

J¶m h¡?(1) 22 (2) 23

(3) 35 (4) 16

132. dwS>dW© Zo ì¶p³VËd Ho$ erbJwUm| H$s g§»¶m {H$VZr ~VmB© h¡?(1) 10 (2) 11

(3) 12 (4) 15

133. àjonU {d{Y¶m| ‘| amoem© ñ¶mhr Yã~m narjU H$m {Z‘m©U {H$¶m-(1) WñQ>©Z amoem© Zo

(2) ha‘Z amoem© Zo

(3) {~Zo amoem© Zo

(4) gmB‘Z amoem© Zo

134. {hßnmoH«o$Q²>g Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na

(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na

(3) g§doJ (ñd^md) Ho$ AmYma na

(4) qMVZ Ed§ H$ënZmep³V Ho$ AmYma na

135. emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> Ho$ AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU H$aZo dmbo

‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢-(1) H«o$í‘a Ed§ e¡ëS>Z (2) Ow§J

(3) ’«$m¶S>> (4) ES>ba

136. Q>‘©Z Zo {H$g AmYma na ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$¶m h¡?(1) gm‘m{OH$Vm (2) ~w{Õ bpãY

(3) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ> (4) {dMmaerbVm

120. 121. 122. 123. 124. 125. 126. 127. 128. 129. 130. 131. 132. 133. 134. 135. 136.

(3) (2) (1) (1) (1) (3) (2) (1) (2) (4) (1) (4) (3) (2) (3) (1) (2)






137. ì¶p³VËd H$mo CgH$s gm‘m{OH$Vm Ho$ AmYma na AÝV‘w©Ir, ~{h‘w©Ir

Ed§ C^¶‘wIr dJm] ‘| {d^m{OV H$aZo dmbo ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ h¢-(1) ’«$m¶S>> (2) Ow§J

(3) ES>ba (4) Am°bnmoQ>©

138. Wm°Z©S>mBH$ Zo ì¶p³VËd H$m dJuH$aU {H$g AmYma na {H$¶m h¡?(1) erb JwU

(2) emar[aH$ ~ZmdQ>

(3) OrdZ bú¶ Ed§ CZH$s ny{V© hoVw à¶ËZ

(4) H$ënZm Ed§ {dMma ep³V

139. N>mÌm| Ho$ gånyU© ì¶p³VËd H$mo g‘PZo Ho$ {bE AÜ¶mnH$ H$mo-(1) ~mb ‘Zmo{dkmZ H$m kmZ hmoZm Oê$ar h¡&

(2) CZHo$ gmW ‘¡Ìr gå~ÝY aIZm Amdí¶H$ h¡&

(3) AnZr {dÛVm H$m à¶moJ H$aZm hmoVm h¡&

(4) g‘¶-g‘¶ na CZHo$ A{^^mdH$m| go {‘bVoo ahZm Mm{hE&

140. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go H$m¡Z ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ‘mnZ Ho$ {bE gmjmËH$ma H$m

Cn¶moJ H$aVo h¢?(1) EH$ Z¡Xm{ZH$ ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$

(2) H$ånZr H$m EH$ H$m{‘©H$ nXm{YH$mar

(3) EH$ gm‘m{OH$ H$m¶©H$Vm©

(4) Cn¶w©³V g^r

141. {ZåZ H$mo gw‘o{bV H$s{OE-{deofVm-

(A) ZoV¥Ëd, amOZr{VH$ Ed§ gm‘m{OH$ àd¥{Îm dmbm

(B) {M{ÝVV ñd^md dmbm

(C) {Og ì¶p³V Ho$ JwU Z Vmo A{YH$ Vrd« hmo Am¡a Z EH$m§Jr

(D) Amdí¶H$VmZwgma AnZo {dMmam| ‘| n[adV©Z H$a boZo dmbm

ì¶p³VËd-

(i) ~{h‘w©Ir

(ii) AÝV‘w©Ir

(iii) C^¶‘wIr

(iv) ~{h‘w©Ir

A B C D

(1) i iii iv ii

(2) ii i iii iv

(3) i ii iii iv

(4) ii iii iv i

142. {ZåZm§{H$V ‘| go AgË¶ H$WZ h¡-(1) ì¶p³VËd Ho$db emar[aH$ JwUm| H$m g§JR>Z hmoVm h¡&

(2) ì¶p³VËd JwUm| H$m EH$ JË¶mË‘H$ g§JR>Z h¡&

(3) ì¶p³VËd ì¶p³V H$mo Anyd© g‘m¶moOZ H$aZo ‘| ‘XX H$aVm h¡&

(4) ì¶p³VËd EH$ ‘Zmoemar[aH$ VÝÌ h¡&

143. gyMr-I Ho$ nXm| H$mo gyMr-II Ho$ nXm| go gw‘o{bV H$s{OE Am¡a ZrMo {XE

JE Hy$Q> ‘| go ghr CÎma Mw{ZE-gyMr-I gyMr-II(i) Q>r.E.Q>r 1. ES>dS>©

(ii) 16 nr.E’$. 2. AmBOoÝH$

(iii) B©.nr. ³¶y. 3. ‘wao

(iv) B©.nr.nr.Eg. 4. H¡$Q>b

Hy$Q> (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(1) 1 2 3 4

(2) 2 3 4 1

(3) 3 4 2 1

(4) 1 4 3 2

144. amoem© narjU Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm H$WZ gË¶ Zht h¡?(1) amoem© narjU EH$ A{^H¥$Ë¶mË‘H$ àH$ma H$m àjonr narjU h¡&

(2) amoem© narjU ì¶p³VËd H$s gånyU© ê$n go Z¡Xm{ZH$ Om±M H$aVm h¡&

(3) ¶h ì¶p³VËd Ho$ ~m¡{ÕH$ VWm A~m¡{ÕH$ XmoZm| hr àH$ma Ho$ erbJwUm| H$m

‘mnZ h¡&

(4) BgH$m ‘yb^yV à¶moOZ ì¶p³VËd H$s AÝVd©ñVw O¡go àUmoXZ,

Amdí¶H$Vm, ñd¡aH$ënZm, Hw$ÊR>mAm| BË¶m{X H$mo COmJa H$aZm h¡&

145. ì¶p³VËd Ho$ g‘pîQ>‘ybH$ CnmJ‘ Ho$ ~mao ‘| {ZåZ{b{IV ‘| go H$m¡Zgm

H$WZ gË¶ Zht h¡?(1) ¶h d¥hV² g§»¶m ‘| à¶moÁ¶m| H$m AÜ¶¶Z H$aVm h¡&

(2) ¶h Am¡gVm| Ho$ AmYma na bmoJm| H$m dU©Z H$aVm h¡&

(3) ¶h {Z¶‘ àñVwV H$aVm h¡, Omo g^r bmoJm| Ho$ ì¶dhma H$s ì¶m»¶m H$aVo

h¢&

(4) ¶h bmoJm| ‘| VwbZm H$aVm h¡&

146. ‘Zmo{díbofUdmXr {gÕmÝV Ho$ AZwgma ì¶p³VËd Ho$ AmYma^yV ñVå^

h¢- Cnmh‘², Ah‘² VWm namh‘²& BZ VrZm| H$m H«$‘e… à{V{Z{YËd

{H$¶m OmVm h¡-(1) O¡{dH$, ‘Zmod¡km{ZH$ VWm gm‘m{OH$ Am¶m‘m| ‘|

(2) AMoVZ, MoVZ Ed§ AmË‘-VmXmËå¶ Am¶m‘m| ‘|

(3) ‘wImdñWm, Aì¶³VmdñWm VWm OZopÝÐ¶ AdñWm

(4) àmH²$ MoVZ, AdMoVZ VWm AMoVZ

*******

137. 138. 139. 140. 141. 142. 143. 144. 145. 146.

(2) (4) (1) (1) (3) (1) (3) (2) (3) (2)


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