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Cubital Tunnel Syndrome 8-14-12 - Bellevue Bone & Joint … ·  · 2017-01-31Microsoft Word -...

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Patient Information Handout CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME: WHAT IS CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME? The word “cubital” is Latin for “elbow” and cubital tunnel syndrome is a compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of the elbow. This produces numbness and tingling, particularly in the ring and small finger. The ulnar nerve provides strength to the small muscles within the hand allowing the fingers to move apart (abduct) or come back together (adduct). It also provides a key supply to the muscles powering the thumb for pinch. Therefore pinch strength can be weak or awkward when the ulnar nerve has significant compression. SYMPTOMS: As noted above, the symptoms of cubital tunnel are frequent numbness and tingling in the ring and small finger, particularly with the elbow flexed. This can be worse at night and is occasionally relieved with shaking of the elbow or trying to straighten the elbow. ANATOMY: The ulnar nerve travels through very tight tunnel at the level of the wrist (Figure 1). This figure demonstrates the normal path of the nerve in the dotted line and in the path of the nerve following a surgical transposition to help relieve symptoms. The ulnar nerve supplies the sensation to the small finger and half of the ring finger that is adjacent to the small finger (Figure 2). This produces a pattern of numbness that extends from the fingers into the palm (Figure 3). The ulnar nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles, which are the fine muscles within the hand (Figure 4). These are the muscles responsible for abduction (spreading the fingers apart) and adduction (bringing the fingers back together). They also control how the fingers curve during gripping activities. Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 1
Transcript

Patient  Information  Handout  

 

 CUBITAL  TUNNEL  SYNDROME:    WHAT  IS  CUBITAL  TUNNEL  SYNDROME?  The  word  “cubital”  is  Latin  for  “elbow”  and  cubital  tunnel  syndrome  is  a  compression  of  the  ulnar  nerve  at  the  level  of  the  elbow.    This  produces  numbness  and  tingling,  particularly  in  the  ring  and  small  finger.  The  ulnar  nerve  provides  strength  to  the  small  muscles  within  the  hand  allowing  the  fingers  to  move  apart  (abduct)  or  come  back  together  (adduct).  It  also  provides  a  key  supply  to  the  muscles  powering  the  thumb  for  pinch.  Therefore  pinch  strength  can  be  weak  or  awkward  when  the  ulnar  nerve  has  significant  compression.    SYMPTOMS:  As  noted  above,  the  symptoms  of  cubital  tunnel  are  frequent  numbness  and  tingling  in  the  ring  and  small  finger,  particularly  with  the  elbow  flexed.    This  can  be  worse  at  night  and  is  occasionally  relieved  with  shaking  of  the  elbow  or  trying  to  straighten  the  elbow.      ANATOMY:  The  ulnar  nerve  travels  through  very  tight  tunnel  at  the  level  of  the  wrist  (Figure  1).  This  figure  demonstrates  the  normal  path  of  the  nerve  in  the  dotted  line  and  in  the  path  of  the  nerve  following  a  surgical  transposition  to  help  relieve  symptoms.      The  ulnar  nerve  supplies  the  sensation  to  the  small  finger  and  half  

of  the  

ring  finger  that  is  adjacent  to  the  small  finger  (Figure  2).    This  produces  a  pattern  of  numbness  that  extends  from  the  fingers  into  the  palm  (Figure  3).  The  ulnar  nerve  supplies  the  intrinsic  muscles,  which  are  the  fine  muscles  within  the  hand  (Figure  4).  These  are  the  muscles  responsible  for  abduction  (spreading  the  fingers  apart)  and  adduction  (bringing  the  fingers  back  together).    They  also  control  how  the  fingers  curve  during  gripping  activities.    

Figure  2  

Figure  3  

Figure  4  

Figure  1  

Patient  Information  Handout  

 

WHO  HAS  CUBITAL  TUNNEL  SYNDROME?  Cubital  tunnel  syndrome  can  occur  in  individuals  of  all  ages.    There  is  no  particular  disease  or  condition  associated  with  cubital  tunnel  syndrome.  It  can  affect  both  the  dominant  arm  and  the  non-­‐dominant  arm.    There  is  an  increased  incidence  in  people  who  have  had  prior  trauma  that  resulted  in  instability  of  the  elbow.    If  the  elbow  can  shift  from  side-­‐to-­‐side,  it  puts  extra  stress  on  the  nerve  where  it  travels  through  the  tunnel.    HOW  DO  WE  DIAGNOSE  CUBITAL  TUNNEL  SYNDROME?  The  patient’s  history  of  numbness  and  tingling  of  the  small  and  ring  finger  is  a  key  factor.  This  is  particularly  evident  when  the  elbow  is  flexed  (such  as  when  holding  a  cell  phone  or  hair  dryer  for  a  prolonged  period  of  time).    It  is  important  to  differentiate  this  from  other  conditions  at  the  level  of  the  neck  or  a  pinched  nerve  at  the  level  of  the  wrist.    One  of  the  main  ways  to  help  differentiate  the  site  of  nerve  irritation  is  an  electrodiagnostic  test  (EMG/NCV).    This  test  uses  small  amounts  of  electrical  stimulation  to  map  out  the  ability  of  the  nerve  to  conduct  (that  is,  for  the  nerve  impulse  to  travel  along  the  course  of  the  nerve).    When  the  nerve  is  compressed,  there  is  decreased  blood  supply,  which  causes  the  nerve  to  conduct  much  slower.    This  test  helps  identify  the  site  of  compression  and  also  the  severity  of  the  compression.    HOW  DO  WE  TREAT  CUBITAL  TUNNEL  SYNDROME?  It  is  difficult  to  relieve  the  symptoms  of  cubital  tunnel  syndrome  without  surgery.    Occasionally  in  the  early  stages  of  the  condition,  night  splints,  which  help  maintain  the  elbow  in  a  straight  position.  These  are  often  difficult  to  wear  when  sleeping;  sometimes  a  soft  type  of  brace  supporting  the  arm  and  preventing  the  elbow  from  flexing  can  be  helpful  in  relieving  the  symptoms.  In  more  severe  cases,  particularly  when  the  muscles  are  affected,  surgery  is  recommended.    If  the  condition  is  still  mild  enough  when  there  is  no  evidence  of  muscle  denervation  then  a  limited  procedure  can  be  performed.  This  involves  a  fairly  small  incision  at  the  level  of  the  elbow.  The  nerve  is  then  relieved  using  an  endoscopic  technique  (Figure  5).  In  more  advanced  cases,  the  nerve  needs  to  be  transposed  as  noted  in  the  Figure  1.  Moving  the  nerve  out  of  the  tunnel  helps  to  provide  a  new  soft  tissue  bed  for  the  nerve,  and  relieve  the  pressure  on  the  nerve.    REHABILITATION:  After  surgery,  therapy  is  often  helpful  to  begin  early  motion  to  decrease  scar  formation  (beginning  approximately  two  weeks  after  the  surgery).    For  the  first  two  weeks,  the  arm  is  braced  to  prevent  elbow  motion.    At  six  weeks  gentle  strengthening  exercises  are  performed.      

 ______________________  Thomas  E.  Trumble,  M.D.  Figures  courtesy  of  Principles  of  Hand  Surgery  and  Therapy  edited  by  Dr.  Trumble    

Figure  5  


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