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CULTURE AS A VECTOR OFURBAN INTEGRATION

Urban Spaces SymposiumJune 2010

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Contents

Brief on the context Ghana Urban poverty Data

Growth of Urbanization in Accra

Multi Dimensions of Poverty

Migration and Culture

Democracy and Governance Culture CHF Accra Learning Sites (Slums)

Life in the Slums

Aspiration of Urban Slum Dwellers

Land Use in the Slums

Spatial Anthropology Nima

Ayidiki

Ga Mashie

CHF Implementation Strategy

CHF Experiences Culture as a VECTOR of Urban Integration

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Brief on the Context

Area 239,000 km2

Population 20.2 million

Urban population 6.7 Million

Population Living Below Poverty Line 5.6 Million

% of urban population below poverty line 33.3

GDP per capita 300

Capital City Accra

Regions 10

Metropolitan Assemblies (pop > 250,000) 5

Municipal Assemblies (pop 95,000) 32

District Assemblies (pop < 75,000) 101

Ghanaian main data

Source: Government data, 2000

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Source: Making Cities Work; USAID, August 2002 and Pop. And Housing Census, GSS, 2000

Brief on the Context (contd)

Ghanaian urban poverty data

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Growth of Urbanisation in Accra

Brief on the Context (contd)

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Multi-dimensions of urban poverty

Multi-dimensionsof Urban Poverty

Lack of trust between urban stakeholders

Lack of consolidating institutionalized mechanisms of collaboration

Exclusion from decision making

Lack of capacity and resources municipalities

Insecurity of tenure

Poor housing conditionsPoor conditions of roads affecting accessibility

Poor drainage facilities leading to frequent flooding of poor settlements

Inadequate sanitation facilities

Poor water accessibility and affordability

Poor solid waste management

High rate of unemployment particularly among the young active populationDifficult access to capital

Lack of private actor investment

Lack of high capacity and experienced NGOs in housing improvement, drainage andwater and sanitation

Lack of capacity of local leaders like the assembly members, unit committees andtraditional rulers(chiefs) and the slum residents themselves to participate in pro-poor planning

No systematic learning agenda in mobilizing the community and tackling urbanpoverty

uate shelters, infrastructure and urban services

o

f good urban governance and political voice

oor capacity of urban stakeholders

Inadequate asset base, safety net

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Rural societies are homogenous simple societies

Rural-urban migration demands a blend of cultures to create a newsocial structure with its own challenges:

1.Complex power dynamics

i.Indigenous chief vs immigrant chiefii.Youth leaders vs opinion leadersiii.Traditional chiefs vs Appointed (Local) Government Officials

2.Multiple ethnic groups

3.Varied languages

4.Varied interests

5.Varied behavior patterns

6.Landlord-tenancy relationships

7.Fewer coping mechanisms/strategies

Migration and Culture

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AYIDIKI

AVENOR

ABON ZONGOAGBOGBLOSHIE

A MASHIE

: ,Pop 9 214. :No of houses

447:Tenureship

/Family clan

: ,Pop 58 940

. :No of houses,1 738

:Tenureship Stool

: ,Pop 23 900. :No of houses

,1 252: /Tenureship Stool

/Family Clan

: ,Pop 9 214. : ,No of houses 1 583

: /Tenureship Stool

Private

: ,p 46 699. :of houses 1716

: /nureship Family/ /lan Stool Private

NIMA: ,Pop 88 640

. :No of houses,2 429:Tenureship

/Stool family

CHF Accra Learning Sites

(Slums)

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Life in the Slums

Daily Income perperson

Housing Ownership Percentage of users ofPublic Toilets who queue

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Aspirations ofUrban Slum Dwellers

S/N AYIDIKI AVENOR NIMA KOJOKROM NEW TAKORADI

1ST Provide water, Public toilet Provision of water Water provision Toilet Infrastructure

2ND Provision of public toilet Drainage problem Provision of improvedlatrines

Construction of latrines Sea Erosion

3RD

Creating employmentopportunities/ employableskills,

Renovation of school Improved refusemanagement Access to Micro Credit Nurses Quarters

4TH Provision of market Speed ramps and Provision of health center Low Income Water Supply

5TH Construction of roads anddrains

Traffic light Construction of drains Youth Unemployment Low income

6TH Institution of proper refusecollection in the community

Market Construction of accessroads

Access Roads Poor Market

7TH Provision of street lightsand education

Hospital

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Land Use in the Slums

Percen

tage

Source: Aryeetey-Attoh (1997) in Bradshaw et al (2004).

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Land Use in the Slums (contd)

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Land Use in the Slums (contd)

Inverted plates of Avenor

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Spatial Anthropology

Use of the streets forinteraction, cookingand eating, selling

House, a place tosleep and a place toproduce

Another way toconsume theurban spaces

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Spatial Anthropology (contd)

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Spatial Anthropology (contd)

Three types of urban spaces for collectiveinteraction: Markets

Ethnic areas and heritage sites if any Soccer fields

Indoor event used more:

Schools structure Religious building

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Spatial Anthropology (contd)

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Nima

Youth organized into Bases;

The youth love football nothing competes with it.

Music genre also varies.

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Ayidiki

Diffused foreign culture

Murals (paintings and graffiti) are common art forms on wallsand kiosks

Musical genre is varied, but hip-hop and rap appeals

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Ga Mashie

Boxing appeals especially inGa Mashie

Cultural Dances are alsopopular and varied

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PARTICIPATION: For long termsustainability, action is taken byresidents for themselves

INCLUSION: Recognition and use ofexisting socio-political structures

(chiefs, opinion leaders, CBOs) PARTNERSHIP: Direct implementation

is done by Local NGOs who areintegral part of the societies

Avoid any hygienist intervention

CHF ImplementationStrategy

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CHF Experiences

Use of drawings and painting bychildren to identify some sanitationpractices in the communities

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CHF Experiences (contd)

Use of photography competition forparticipatory monitoring

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CHF Experiences (contd)

Urban Faces

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CHF Experiences (contd)

Organization of communityfun games to promoteHygiene Behavior Changemessages through:

Procession in the

settlementsDrumming

Dancing

Theater

Soccer competition

Children drawings

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CHF Experiences (contd)

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CHF Experiences (contd)

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CHF Experiences (contd)

Some Ga Mashie youth trainedin Bamboo craft aftercompletion have set up andare currently producing craftsfor the local and foreignmarket.

C lt VECTOR f

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Culture as a VECTOR ofUrban Integration

tion & participation

empower for engagement of municipal authorities

acilitate access to credit

change using appealing social interactions

omotion

OUTPUTS

Increased participation in community dec

Increased economic activity

Positive behavioral change

Affordable urban services

Better urban spaces use

Enabling UrbanSpaces

Enabling Urban Policy Environment

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LET THE WALLS AND BARBED WIRE COME DOWN!!INTEGRATE NOW!!!