Current and Near Future Current and Near Future Long Baseline Long Baseline ExperimentsExperiments

Stéphane T’JampensStéphane T’Jampens

CEA SaclayCEA Saclay

DSM/DAPNIA/SPPDSM/DAPNIA/SPP

22

OutlineOutline

Current Experiment:Current Experiment: K2K (latest results)K2K (latest results)

Near Future:Near Future: MINOSMINOS OPERAOPERA ICARUSICARUS

33

IntroductionIntroduction

Primary goal of these first generation Primary goal of these first generation long baseline projects:long baseline projects: Confirm and verify the nature of oscillations Confirm and verify the nature of oscillations

observed in the atmospheric dataobserved in the atmospheric data Provide more precise measurements of the Provide more precise measurements of the

corresponding oscillation parameterscorresponding oscillation parameters

K2K and MINOS: mainly K2K and MINOS: mainly disappearance disappearance OPERA/ICARUS: mainly OPERA/ICARUS: mainly appearance appearance

44

K2K: KEK to KAMIOKAK2K: KEK to KAMIOKA

55

The K2K ExperimentThe K2K Experiment

66

Neutrino OscillationNeutrino Oscillation

ν

222

μμE

.L1.27Δmsin.θ2sin1)νν(P

Fixed flight length (250km)

Suppression in the number of eventsDistortion of the neutrino energy spectrum

2=1

77

88

Accumulated POT (Protons On Accumulated POT (Protons On Target)Target)

Jan 99 Jan 00 Jan 01 Jan 02 Jan 03 Jan 04

pro

ton

s/p

uls

e(×

10

12)

Accu

mu

late

d P

OT

(×10

18)

K2K-I K2K-II

8.9×1019 POT for Analysis

99

Near DetectorsNear Detectors

1KT water Cherenkov detector: fiducial: 25 ton H1KT water Cherenkov detector: fiducial: 25 ton H22O O Fine Grained Detector (FGD):Fine Grained Detector (FGD):

Scintillating-fiber tacker with water target (SciFi) 5.9 ton HScintillating-fiber tacker with water target (SciFi) 5.9 ton H22OO Lead-glass calorimeter (LG) before 2002Lead-glass calorimeter (LG) before 2002 Scintillator bar detector (SciBar) after 2003 9.4 ton CHScintillator bar detector (SciBar) after 2003 9.4 ton CH Muon range detector (MRD) 700 ton FeMuon range detector (MRD) 700 ton Fe

Fine Grained Detector

1KT Water Cherenkov Detector

1010

Expected No. of Expected No. of Interactions Interactions at Far Site (SK)at Far Site (SK)

Measurement by 1KT used as normalizationMeasurement by 1KT used as normalization Same detector technology as SK Same detector technology as SK most of the most of the

systematic uncertainties are canceledsystematic uncertainties are canceled Neutrino flux ratio FluxNeutrino flux ratio Fluxfarfar/Flux/Fluxnear near calculated by MC calculated by MC

validated by Pion Monitor measurementsvalidated by Pion Monitor measurements

Expected: 150.9 +11.6 -10.0

(if no oscillation)

1111

Number of Events @SKNumber of Events @SK

(BG: 1.6 events within 500s 2.4×10-3 events in 1.5s)

TSKTspill

GPS

SKTOF=0.83msec

Observed: 108 eventsAnalysis Time Window

500sec

5sec

TDIFF. (s)

-0.2TSK-Tspill-TOF1.3sec

Expected: 150.9 +11.6 -10.0

(if no oscillation)

All events:108 events(1R: 56)

1212

Neutrino Energy Neutrino Energy ReconstructionReconstruction

1313

Near Detector Energy Near Detector Energy Spectrum MeasurementSpectrum Measurement

4 event categories:4 event categories: 1KT: P1KT: P<1.5 GeV/c<1.5 GeV/c

fully contained 1-ring fully contained 1-ring

-like sample-like sample

FGD: PFGD: P>1 GeV/c>1 GeV/c 1 track1 track 2 track QE (2 track QE (≤25°)≤25°) 2 track nonQE (2 track nonQE (≥30°)≥30°)

SciFi 2 track sample

1414

22-fitting Method-fitting Method(p(p,,) ) (E(E), nonQE/QE), nonQE/QE

QE(MC) nonQE(MC)E

0-0.5 GeV

0.5-0.75 GeV

0.75-1.0 GeV

1.0-1.5 GeV

and so on

(8bins x 2)

DATA (1KT)

P(MeV/c)

(deg

)

Also (p,) for FGD 1-track,2-track QE and 2-track nonQE

1515

Fit Result of Neutrino Flux Fit Result of Neutrino Flux at KEK Siteat KEK Site

PRELIMINARY

2 = 638.1 / 609 dofnonQE/QE=1.02

1616

Oscillation Analysis @SKOscillation Analysis @SK

Ltotal=Lnorm x Lshape x Lsyst

Normalization term:(all SK events: 108)

Shape term:(1R SK events: 56)

Systematic term:

Lnorm = Poisson(Nobs,Nexp(m2,sin22,f))

Lshape =

Product of Gaussians (flux, nonQE/QE, efficiency, syst. parameters)

,m2,sin22,f)P(Ereci

N

1i

1Rμ

=

Maximum Likelihood Method:

56108

1717

Best fit values:Best fit values: sinsin22221.531.53 mm2 2 [eV[eV22] ] = = 2.122.121010-3-3

Best fit values in the physical region:Best fit values in the physical region: sinsin22221.001.00 mm2 2 [eV[eV22] ] = = 2.732.731010-3-3

ResultsResults

sin22=1.53 can occur by statistical fluctuation of 14.4%

A toy MC

sin22

m2

1.00

2.73

14.4%

PRELIMINARY

1.53

1818

Results: Norm & EResults: Norm & E Spectrum Spectrum(in physical region)(in physical region)

Best Fit(KS prob: 52%)

No Oscillation(KS prob: 0.11%)

150.9150.9Null-oscillationNull-oscillation

104.8104.8Best Fit:Best Fit:

108108Observation:Observation:

Number of eventsNumber of events

Null Oscillation Probability is less than 10-4 (3.9)

PRELIMINARY

(normalized by area)

1919

Allowed Region Allowed Region (shape+norm)(shape+norm)

m2=1.7~3.5x10-3 eV2

@sin22=1 (@90%CL)

PRELIMINARY

2020

K2K ConclusionK2K Conclusion

Both the number of observed neutrino Both the number of observed neutrino events and the observed energy events and the observed energy spectrum at SK are consistent with spectrum at SK are consistent with neutrino oscillation.neutrino oscillation.

With 8.9x10With 8.9x101919 POT, K2K has confirmed POT, K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9neutrino oscillation at a 3.9 level. level.

mm22=1.7~3.5x10=1.7~3.5x10-3-3 eV eV22 @sin @sin2222=1 =1 (@90%CL)(@90%CL)

PRELIMINARY

2121

MINOS: FERMILAB to MINOS: FERMILAB to SOUDANSOUDAN

2222

MINOS Physics GoalsMINOS Physics Goals Demonstrate oscillation behaviorDemonstrate oscillation behavior

Confirm flavor oscillations describe dataConfirm flavor oscillations describe data Provide high statistics discrimination against Provide high statistics discrimination against

alternative models (decoherence, alternative models (decoherence, decay, etc.) decay, etc.) Provide measurement of Provide measurement of mm22

2323 ~10% accuracy~10% accuracy

Search for sub-dominant Search for sub-dominant ee oscillations oscillations MINOS is the first large deep underground MINOS is the first large deep underground

detector with a B-fielddetector with a B-field Direct measurement of Direct measurement of vs vs oscillations from oscillations from

atmospheric neutrino eventsatmospheric neutrino events

_

2323

Far Detector: 5400 tons

Near Detector: 980 tons

Det. 2

The MINOS ExperimentThe MINOS Experiment

Two Detector NeutrinoOscillation Experiment(Start 2005)

2424

The NuMI BeamThe NuMI Beam

120 GeV protons120 GeV protons 1.9 second cycle time1.9 second cycle time Single turn extraction Single turn extraction

(8.7 (8.7 s)s) 2.5-4x102.5-4x101313

protons/pulseprotons/pulse 0.3 MW on target ! 0.3 MW on target !

(Graphite target) (Graphite target)

Initial intensityInitial intensity: : 2.5x102.5x102020 protons/year protons/year

2525

Tunable BeamTunable BeamBy moving the horns and target, different energy spectra are available using the NuMI beam line. The energy can be tuned depending on the specific oscillation parameters expected/observed

CC Events/year (2.5x1020 POT/year):

LE ME HE 1600 4300 9250

Start with LE beam

2626

MINOS Far DetectorMINOS Far Detector

2 sections, each 15m long5.4kt total mass8m Octagonal Tracking Calorimeter485 layers of

2.54cm steel plane1cm thick, 4.1cm wide solid

scintillator strips with WLS fiber readoutMagnet coil provides <B> 1.5T

2727

Far Detector: fully Far Detector: fully operationaloperational(since July 2003)(since July 2003)

2828

Beamline and Near Detector Beamline and Near Detector ProgressProgress

Primary BeamlinePrimary Beamline Major magnets all in placeMajor magnets all in place Installing instrumentationInstalling instrumentation

Secondary BeamlineSecondary Beamline Installing horns and Installing horns and

preparing to pulse preparing to pulse Hadron Absorber almost Hadron Absorber almost

complete (2kton)complete (2kton)

Near Detector in May

Near DetectorNear Detector Fewer than 60 planes to go, Fewer than 60 planes to go,

installing 2-3 planes/day installing 2-3 planes/day

First Horn being Installed

2929

MINOS Physics SensitivityMINOS Physics Sensitivity

Oscillated/unoscillated ratio of number of CC events in the far detector versus observed energy

MINOS 90% and 99% CL allowedoscillation parameter space

m2=2.5x10-3 eV2,Sin22=1

3030

ee Appearance Appearance

m2=0.0025 eV2

MINOS sensitivities based onvarying numbers of protons on target

3131

MINOS: conclusionMINOS: conclusion

NuMI beam installation progressing well !NuMI beam installation progressing well ! Expect first protons on target December 2004 !Expect first protons on target December 2004 !

MINOS near detector currently being MINOS near detector currently being installed/commissioned at Fermilabinstalled/commissioned at Fermilab

MINOS Far detector taking physics data MINOS Far detector taking physics data since mid-2003since mid-2003 Atmospheric Atmospheric s already being seens already being seen

First beam physics data expected in 2005 First beam physics data expected in 2005

3232

CNGS: CERN to GRAN CNGS: CERN to GRAN SASSOSASSO

3333

The CNGS Beam LineThe CNGS Beam Line SPS: 400 GeV proton beam <E>~17 GeV Contamination: 2.1% , 0.8% e, <0.05% e

4.5x1019 POT/year, 200 days/year

Far Detectors (L=732 km): OPERA: Observe Decay Topology (Emulsion) ICARUS: Observe Decay Kinematically (LAr

TPC)

_ _

3434

The OPERA DetectorThe OPERA Detector spectrometer:

Magnetized Iron Dipoles (1.6T)

Drift tubes and RPCs

target and decay detector:Sequence of 31 “modules”

consisting of:- “wall” of lead/emulsion “bricks”- two planes of orthogonal scintillator strips (target tracker)

Target mass: 1.77 ktons

Brick: • 56 lead plates• 57 emulsion foils 206,336 bricks

8.3kg

10 X0

3535

spectrometer:• Magnet SM1 completed in June 04• Magnet SM2 completed in March 05• Commissioning: May 05• Drift tubes installed in spring 05

Target:• Target tracker: construction in progress (8/week) • Emulsion & lead: mass production started in April 03• Bricks installation: September 05 to September 06 (2 bricks/minute)

Status of ConstructionStatus of Construction

3636

//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity

mm2 2 [eV[eV22 ] ]

signalsignal

(1.(1.99 x 10 x 10-3-3))signalsignal

(2.(2.44 x 10 x 10--

33 ) )

signalsignal

(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD

1.8 1.8 ktons ktons fiducialfiducial

6.66.6 10.510.5 16.416.4 0.70.7

full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year

SinSin22221313 1313

<0.06<0.06 <<7.17.1ºº

e:

(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)

Limit @90% CL

3737

ICARUS: T3000+Muon ICARUS: T3000+Muon SpectrometerSpectrometer

3838

Electronic Bubble ChamberElectronic Bubble Chamber

Real Events

3939

T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray T600 Detector: Cosmic Ray DataData

More than 27,000 More than 27,000 triggers collected triggers collected during technical run on during technical run on surface (summer 2001)surface (summer 2001)

Michel Electron Spectrum:(3000 events analyzed and fully reconstructed in 3D)

It has been demonstratedIt has been demonstrated that drift distances amounting that drift distances amounting up to several meters are feasibleup to several meters are feasible

Installation in LNGS approved: summer 04

4040

//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity

mm2 2 [eV [eV22 ] ]

signalsignal

(1.6 x 10(1.6 x 10--

33))

signalsignal

(2.(2.55 x 10 x 10--

33 ) )

signalsignal

(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD

2.35 2.35 ktons ktons activeactive

4.9 4.9 11.911.9 17.217.2 0.70.7

full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year

SinSin22221313 1313

<0.04<0.04 <<66ºº

e:

(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)

ICARUS

Limit @90% CL

4141

Conclusion: OPERA/ICARUSConclusion: OPERA/ICARUS

CNGS project on schedule and should start CNGS project on schedule and should start in mid 2006in mid 2006

OPERA:OPERA: Construction and installation at LNGS is Construction and installation at LNGS is

progressing wellprogressing well Mass production startedMass production started

ICARUS: ICARUS: Technique validated with the T600 prototypeTechnique validated with the T600 prototype Installation of T600 at LNGS approvedInstallation of T600 at LNGS approved Broad physics program: proton decay search, Broad physics program: proton decay search,

atmospheric, solar and supernova atmospheric, solar and supernova ss

4242

ConclusionConclusion K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9K2K has confirmed neutrino oscillation at a 3.9

level. level. m2=1.7~3.5x10-3 eV2 @sin22=1 (@90%CL)

MINOS will be a definitive test for atmospheric MINOS will be a definitive test for atmospheric oscillations oscillations Precision oscillation parameters Precision oscillation parameters

CNGS/OPERA/ICARUS will be a definitive test for CNGS/OPERA/ICARUS will be a definitive test for oscillations oscillations appearance appearance

Stay tuned for precision oscillation measurements Stay tuned for precision oscillation measurements !!

Want to know more: follow the WG1 parallel session !Want to know more: follow the WG1 parallel session !

4343

BACKUPBACKUP

4444

Results: Norm & EResults: Norm & E Spectrum Spectrum(in unphysical region)(in unphysical region)

Spectrum Shape

Best Fit

No Oscillation

150.9150.9Null-oscillationNull-oscillation

109.9109.9Best Fit:Best Fit:

108108Observation:Observation:

Number of eventsNumber of events

PRELIMINARY

(normalized by area)

4545

A hint of K2K forward A hint of K2K forward deficit. deficit.

SciBarnon-QE Events

K2K observed forward K2K observed forward deficit deficit.. A source is non-QE events.A source is non-QE events. For CC-1For CC-1,,

Suppression of ~Suppression of ~qq22/0.1[GeV/0.1[GeV22] ] at at qq22<0.1[GeV<0.1[GeV22] may exist] may exist..

For CC-coherent For CC-coherent ,, The coherent The coherent may not exist.may not exist.

We do not identify which process causesWe do not identify which process causes

the effect. The MC CC-1the effect. The MC CC-1 (coherent (coherent ))

model is corrected phenomenologically.model is corrected phenomenologically.

Oscillation analysis is Oscillation analysis is insensitiveinsensitive to the to the

choice.choice.

q2rec

(Data-MC)/MC

DATACC 1CC coherent-

Preliminary

q2rec (GeV/c)2

q2rec (GeV/c)2

4646

//ee Sensitivity Sensitivity

mm2 2 [eV [eV22 ] ]

signalsignal

(1.(1.99 x 10 x 10-3-3))signalsignal

(2.(2.44 x 10 x 10--

33 ) )

signalsignal

(3.0x 10(3.0x 10-3-3 ) )BKGDBKGD

1.8 1.8 ktons ktons fiducialfiducial

6.6 6.6 (10)(10) 10.510.5 (15.8)(15.8)

16.416.4 (24.6)(24.6)

0.70.7 (1.06)(1.06)

full mixing, 5 years run @ 4.5 x1019 pot / year

SinSin22221313 1313

<0.06<0.06

<0.05 (beam <0.05 (beam x1.5)x1.5)

<<7.17.1ºº

<6.4<6.4ºº

e:

(@ m223=2.5x10-3, sin2223=1)

With CNGS beam upgrade (x1.5)