Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology€¦ · Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid found...

Current Awareness in Clinical Toxicology is produced monthly for the American

Academy of Clinical Toxicology by the Birmingham Unit of the UK National Poisons

Information Service, with contributions from the Cardiff, Edinburgh, and Newcastle

Units.

The NPIS is commissioned by Public Health England

Current Awareness in

Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD

February 2016

CONTENTS

General Toxicology 9 Metals 38

Management 21 Pesticides 41

Drugs 23 Chemical Warfare 42

Chemical Incidents & Pollution

32 Plants 43

Chemicals 33 Animals 43

CURRENT AWARENESS PAPERS OF THE MONTH

How toxic is ibogaine? Litjens RPW, Brunt TM. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138226:

Context

Ibogaine is a psychoactive indole alkaloid found in the African rainforest shrub Tabernanthe Iboga. It is unlicensed but used in the treatment of drug and alcohol addiction. However, reports of ibogaine's toxicity are cause for concern. Objectives

To review ibogaine's pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, mechanisms of action and reported toxicity. Methods

A search of the literature available on PubMed was done, using the keywords "ibogaine" and "noribogaine". The search criteria were "mechanism of action", "pharmacokinetics", "pharmacodynamics", "neurotransmitters", "toxicology", "toxicity", "cardiac", "neurotoxic", "human data", "animal data", "addiction", "anti-addictive", "withdrawal", "death" and "fatalities". The searches identified 382 unique references, of which 156 involved human data. Further research revealed 14 detailed toxicological case reports.




Units.


Current Awareness in

Clinical Toxicology Editors: Damian Ballam MSc and Allister Vale MD

February 2016

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Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics

Ibogaine is metabolized mainly by CYP2D6 to the primary metabolite noribogaine (10-hydroxyibogamine). Noribogaine is present in clinically relevant concentrations for days, long after ibogaine has been cleared. Mechanisms of action

Ibogaine and noribogaine interact with multiple neurotransmitter systems. They show micromolar affinity for N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), κ- and µ-opioid receptors and sigma-2 receptor sites. Furthermore, ibogaine has been shown to interact with the acetylcholine, serotonin and dopamine systems; it alters the expression of several proteins including substance P, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), c-fos and egr-1. Neurotoxicity

Neurodegeneration was shown in rats, probably mediated by stimulation of the inferior olive, which has excitotoxic effects on Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. Neurotoxic effects of ibogaine may not be directly relevant to its anti-addictive properties, as no signs of neurotoxicity were found following doses lower than 25 mg/kg intra-peritoneal in rats. Noribogaine might be less neurotoxic than ibogaine. Cardiotoxicity

Ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels in the heart might play a crucial role in ibogaine's cardiotoxicity, as hERG channels are vital in the repolarization phase of cardiac action potentials and blockade by ibogaine delays this repolarization, resulting in QT (time interval between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave in the electrical cycle of the heart) interval prolongation and, subsequently, in arrhythmias and sudden cardiac arrest. Twenty-seven fatalities have been reported following the ingestion of ibogaine, and pre-existing cardiovascular conditions have been implicated in the death of individuals for which post-mortem data were available. However, in this review, 8 case reports are presented which suggest that ibogaine caused ventricular tachyarrhythmias and prolongation of the QT interval in individuals without any pre-existing cardiovascular condition or family history. Noribogaine appears at least as harmful to cardiac functioning as ibogaine. Toxicity from drug-drug interaction

Polymorphism in the CYP2D6 enzyme can influence blood concentrations of both ibogaine and its primary metabolite, which may have implications when a patient is taking other medication that is subject to significant CYP2D6 metabolism. Conclusions

Alternative therapists and drug users are still using iboga extract, root scrapings, and ibogaine hydrochloride to treat drug addiction. With limited medical supervision, these are risky experiments and more ibogaine-related deaths are likely to occur, particularly in those with pre-existing cardiac conditions and those taking concurrent medications.

Full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563650.2016.1138226

Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for local anesthetic toxicity

Hoegberg LCG, Bania TC, Lavergne V, Bailey B, Turgeon AF, Thomas SHL, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Mégarbane B, Magder S, Gosselin S, Lipid Emulsion Workgroup. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1121270:

Background

Following national and regional recommendations, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has

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become established in clinical practice as a treatment for acute local anesthetic (LA) toxicity, although evidence of efficacy is limited to animal studies and human case reports. A collaborative lipid emulsion workgroup was therefore established by the American Academy of Clinical Toxicology to review the evidence on the effect of ILE for LA toxicity.

Methods

We performed a systematic review of the literature published through 15 December 2014. Relevant articles were determined based on pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Pre-treatment experiments, pharmacokinetic studies not involving toxicity and studies that did not address antidotal use of ILE were excluded.

Results

We included 113 studies and reports. Of these, 76 were human and 38 animal studies. One publication included both a human case report and an animal study. Human studies included one randomized controlled crossover trial involving 16 healthy volunteers. The subclinical LA toxicity design did not show a difference in the effects of ILE versus saline. There was one case series and 73 case reports of ILE use in the context of toxicity (83 patients) including CNS depression or agitation (n = 45, 54%), seizures (n = 49, 59%), hypotension, hypertension, EKG changes, arrhythmias (n = 39, 47%), cardiac arrest (n = 18, 22%), cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and/or requirement for endotracheal intubation and/or mechanical ventilation (n = 35, 42%). There were 81 (98%) survivors including 63 (76%) with no reported sequelae from the LA poisoning or ILE, although the presence or absence of sequelae was not reported in 15 (18%) cases. Animal studies included 29 randomized controlled studies, three observational studies, five case series, and one case report; bupivacaine was used in 29 of these reports (76%). Of 14 controlled experiments in animals, eight showed improved survival or time to return of spontaneous circulation and five no benefit of ILE versus saline or non-ILE treatments. Combining ILE with epinephrine improved survival in five of the six controlled animal experiments that studied this intervention. The studies were heterogeneous in the formulations and doses of ILE used as well as the doses of LA. The body of the literature identified by this systematic review yielded only a very low quality of evidence.

Conclusion

ILE appears to be effective for reversal of cardiovascular or neurological features in some cases of LA toxicity, but there is currently no convincing evidence showing that ILE is more effective than vasopressors or to indicate which treatment should be instituted as first line therapy in severe LA toxicity.


Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity Levine M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Stork CM, Graudins A, Chuang R, Stellpflug SJ, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S, for the AACT Lipid Emulsion Workgroup. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early:

doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286:

Background

The use of intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) therapy for the treatment of lipophilic drug toxicity is increasing. Despite this, the evidence for its effect in non-local anesthetic toxicity remains sparse. Furthermore, many case reports describe ILE use for substances in which no clear efficacy data exists. The American Academy of Clinical Toxicology established a lipid

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emulsion workgroup. The aim of this group is to review the available evidence regarding the effect of ILE in non-LA drug poisoning and develop consensus-based recommendations on the use of this therapy. Methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed to capture articles through 15 December 2014. Relevant articles were determined based upon a predefined methodology. Articles involving pre-treatment experiments, pharmacokinetic studies not involving toxicity, and studies not addressing antidotal use of ILE met pre-defined exclusion criteria. Agreement of at least two members of the subgroup was required before an article could be excluded. Results

The final analysis included 203 articles: 141 for humans and 62 for animals. These include 40 animal experiments and 22 case reports involving animal toxicity. There were three human randomized control trials (RCT): one RCT examined ILE in TCA overdose, one RCT examined ILE in various overdoses, and one study examined ILE in reversal of sedation after therapeutic administration of inhaled anesthesia. One observational study examined ILE in glyphosate overdose. In addition, 137 human case reports or case series were identified. Intravenous lipid emulsion therapy was used in the management of overdose with 65 unique substances. Conclusions

Despite the use of ILE for multiple substances in the treatment of patients with poisoning and overdose, the effect of ILE in various non-local anesthetic poisonings is heterogenous, and the quality of evidence remains low to very low.


Extracorporeal treatment for digoxin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup Mowry JB, Burdmann EA, Anseeuw K, Ayoub P, Ghannoum M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Gosselin S, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 103-14.

Background

The Extracorporeal Treatments in Poisoning (EXTRIP) workgroup was formed to provide recommendations on the use of extracorporeal treatments (ECTR) in poisoning. Here, we present our results for digoxin. Methods

After a systematic literature search, clinical and toxicokinetic data were extracted and summarized following a predetermined format. The entire workgroup voted through a two-round modified Delphi method to reach a consensus on voting statements. A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method was used to quantify disagreement, and anonymous votes were compiled and discussed in person. A second vote was conducted to determine the final workgroup recommendations. Results

Out of 435 articles screened, 77 met inclusion criteria. Only in-vitro, animal studies, case reports and case series were identified yielding a very low quality of evidence for all recommendations. Based on data from 84 patients, including six fatalities, it was concluded that digoxin is slightly dialyzable (level of evidence = B), and that ECTR is unlikely to improve the outcome of digoxin-toxic patients whether or not digoxin immune Fab (Fab) is

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administered. Despite the lack of robust clinical evidence, the workgroup recommended against the use of ECTR in cases of severe digoxin poisoning when Fab was available (1D) and also suggested against the use of ECTR when Fab was unavailable (2D). Conclusion

ECTR, in any form, is not indicated for either suspected or proven digoxin toxicity, regardless of the clinical context, and is not indicated for removal of digoxin-Fab complex.


Intoxications involving the fentanyl analogs acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl: results from the Swedish STRIDA project Helander A, Bäckberg M, Beck O. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139715:

Background

Potent and potentially harmful new psychoactive substances (NPS) are continuously introduced on the recreational drugs market. This report from the Swedish STRIDA project describes analytically confirmed cases of intoxication involving the fentanyl analogs acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl. Methods

Patients with suspected NPS exposure presenting in emergency departments and intensive care units in Sweden and requiring hospital care are invited to the STRIDA project. Toxicological analysis of serum and urine samples was performed by multi-component liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric methods. Data on clinical features were retrieved from telephone consultations with the Swedish Poisons Information Centre and from medical records. Results

Between April and November 2015, 14 analytically confirmed intoxications involving acetylfentanyl (nine cases), 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl (3), furanylfentanyl (1), and 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl together with furanylfentanyl (1) were identified. The patients were aged 20-40 (mean 28.5) years and 86% were men. Twelve patients (86%) were admitted to intensive care, where two required intubation and mechanical ventilation. Typical clinical features were decreased consciousness, respiratory depression, and miosis. In eight cases, the antidote naloxone was administered to counter the effects. The serum acetylfentanyl concentration (N = 7) was 0.6-51.6 (mean 18.3 and median 14.8) ng/mL, and in urine (N = 8) 0.1-686 (mean 155 and median 66.6) ng/mmol creatinine. The serum 4-methoxy-butyrfentanyl concentration (N = 2) was 1.3 and 3.1 ng/mL, and 5.1-51.3 ng/mmol creatinine in urine (N = 3). For furanylfentanyl, the serum concentrations were 4.4 and 148 ng/mL and in urine 9.2 and 85 ng/mmol creatinine, respectively. In 13 cases (93%), other NPS and/or classical drugs were also detected. Drug products brought to hospital by patients contained acetylfentanyl (nasal spray and pink tablet), 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl (green tablet), furanylfentanyl/traces of 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl (nasal spray), and 4-fluorobutyrfentanyl (purple tablet). Conclusion

Potentially life-threatening opioid toxicity was seen in acute intoxications involving acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl, and furanylfentanyl. Intensive care treatment for one month was necessary in one acetylfentanyl case and one acetylfentanyl patient died from cerebral hemorrhage.


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Human bromethalin exposures reported to a U.S. Statewide Poison Control System Huntington S, Fenik Y, Vohra R, Geller RJ. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139713:

Background

Bromethalin is an increasingly used alternative to long-acting anticoagulant and cholecalciferol rodenticides. There are few reports of human exposures, and no existing professional society guidelines on medical management of bromethalin ingestions. The aim of this retrospective data review is to characterize bromethalin exposures reported to the California Poison Control System (CPCS) between 1997 and 2014. Methods

This is an observational retrospective case review of our statewide poison control system’s electronic medical records. Following Institutional Board Review and Research Committee approvals, poison center exposures related to bromethalin were extracted using substance code and free text search strategies. Case notes of bromethalin exposures were reviewed for demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome information; inclusion criteria for the study was single-substance, human exposure to bromethalin. Results

There were 129 calls related to human bromethalin exposures (three cases met exclusion criteria). The age range of cases was 7 months–90 years old, with the majority of exposures (89 cases; 70.6%), occurring in children younger than 5 years of age (median age of 2 years). Most exposures occurred in the pediatric population as a result of exploratory oral exposure. One hundred and thirteen patients (89.7%) had no effects post exposure, while 10 patients (7.9%) had a minor outcome. Adverse effects were minor, self-limited, and mostly gastrointestinal upset. There were no moderate, major, or fatal effects in our study population. The approximate ingested dose, available in six cases, ranged from 0.067 mg/kg to 0.3 mg/kg (milligrams of bromethalin ingested per kilogram of body weight), and no dose-symptom threshold could be established from this series. Exposures were not confirmed through urine or serum laboratory testing. Discussion

The prognosis for most accidental ingestions appears to be excellent. However, bromethalin exposures may result in a higher number of symptomatic patients than long-acting anticoagulant agents. Parents, physicians and poison control specialists are encouraged to maintain a high index of suspicion for bromethalin-related complications in all cases of rodenticide exposures. Conclusions

Accidental bromethalin exposures in children appear to be self-limited in toxicity. Additional studies are warranted to determine whether more severe effects are precipitated when larger amounts are involved, particularly in suicidal ingestion.


Non-targeted screening for novel psychoactive substances among agitated emergency department patients Lung D, Wilson N, Chatenet F-T, LaCroix C, Gerona R. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139714:

Context

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are being created and introduced at an unprecedented

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rate, causing frequent, large-scale epidemics. Current identification of NPS in clinical settings in the USA is limited to the retrospective case or small cluster analysis. Objective

The purpose of this study was to assess the utility of non-targeted comprehensive drug screening in the agitated patients in an emergency department (ED) setting. Materials and methods

This is a prospective, observational case series that was conducted in the ED of an urban Level I Trauma Center with an annual census of approximately 65,000 patients per year. Since it is common clinical practice at this facility for haloperidol to be used as a second-line chemical restraint when initial dose(s) of benzodiazepines are deemed insufficient, we surmised that the subset of ED patients with psychomotor agitation severe enough to receive both these pharmaceuticals would be likely users of NPS. For 1 month, biweekly pharmacy medication audits identified 49 of these patients. There were sufficient, remaining blood samples from 23 of these patients for analysis. Serum from stored blood samples was analyzed using liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-TOF/MS; LC 1260, TOF/MS 6230, Agilent). Retrospective chart review was done to identify patient clinical information. Results

Six patient samples yielded seven different NPS: JWH-073, JWH-081, JWH-200, methylenedioxybenzylpiperazine, mephedrone, methoxetamine, and herkinorin. Conclusion

This study demonstrates that prospective, non-targeted NPS screening in a selected ED patient population is feasible and effective in identifying NPS.


Quantitative analysis of powdered caffeine products purchased from the Internet using liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry Beauchamp GA, Lin T, Zeng WZD, Hendrickson RG, Gerona R. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138225:

Context

Powdered caffeine is sold on the Internet as a supplement. Severe toxicity and fatalities have been reported with use, but it is unclear if this toxicity was due to excessive dosing, mislabeled products, or adulterant stimulants. Our objective was to analyze the contents of commercially available powdered caffeine products in order to assess product purity and presence of additional ingredients, contaminants, or adulterants which may contribute to toxicity. Methods

A sample of nine powdered caffeine products was purchased from the Internet. Two sample replicates of each caffeine product were analyzed. Liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF/MS) was used to identify and quantify substances in the purchased products and purity of the compounds were calculated. Results

Comparison of actual mass versus labeled mass of caffeine demonstrated a mean purity of 88.25% (SD 13.41%) and median purity of 90.1%. The products studied contained 1.6–5.3 g per teaspoon. Labeling on these products had limited instructions regarding how to measure the recommended dose.

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Conclusions

Powdered caffeine products that are readily available on the Internet contained relatively pure caffeine with no additional detected stimulants. High purity, small serving size, and lack of clear dosing instructions may place users at risk of toxicity.


Who gets antidotes? Choosing the chosen few

Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Juurlink DN, Isbister GK. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12894:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12894

Lead contamination in Flint – An abject failure to protect public health

Bellinger DC. N Engl J Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1601013:

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp1601013

Superwarfarin ingestion treated successfully with prothrombin complex concentrate

Haesloop O, Tillick A, Nichol G, Strote J. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34: 116.e1-116.e2.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2015.05.033

Association between use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth

Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B. JAMA 2016; 315: 58-67.

Abstract and full text available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.2015.17844

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TOXICOLOGY Analytical toxicology Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Huetos O, Lucena MÁ, Castaño A. A fast method for analysing six perfluoroalkyl substances in human serum by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9319-0: Burrai L, Nieddu M, Carta A, Trignano C, Sanna R, Boatto G. Validated LCMS-MS method for multiresidual analysis of 13 illicit phenethylamines in amniotic fluid. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv143: Criado-García L, Ruszkiewicz DM, Eiceman GA, Thomas CLP. A rapid and non-invasive method to determine toxic levels of alcohols and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in saliva samples by gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry. J Breath Res 2016; 10: 017101. D'Avila FB, Ferreira PCL, Salazar FR, Pereira AG, dos Santos MK, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Analysis of cocaine/crack biomarkers in meconium by LCMS. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 113-7. de Oliveira Silveira G, Belitsky ÍT, Loddi S, Rodrigues de Oliveira CD, Zucoloto AD, Fruchtengarten LVG, Yonamine M. Development of a method for the determination of cocaine, cocaethylene and nococaine in human breast milk using liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 22-8. dos Santos MF, Yamada A, Seulin SC, Leyton V, Pasqualucci CAG, Muñoz DR, Yonamine M. Liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of antidepressants in vitreous humor: study of matrix effect of human and bovine vitreous and saline solution. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv141: Ellefsen KN, Wohlfarth A, Swortwood MJ, Diao X, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. 4-Methoxy--PVP: in silico prediction, metabolic stability, and metabolite identification by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 61-75. Ford LT, Berg JD. 1-adamantylamine a simple urine marker for screening for third generation adamantyl-type synthetic cannabinoids by UPLC-MS/MS. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0004563216628892: Gervais JR, Hobbs GA. Use of an acetyl derivative to improve GC-MS determination of norbuprenorphine in the presence of high concentrations of buprenorphine in urine. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw001: Heikman P, Sundström M, Pelander A, Ojanperä I. New psychoactive substances as part of polydrug abuse within opioid maintenance treatment revealed by comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometric urine drug screening. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31: 44-52.

Inoue H, Negishi S, Nakazono Y, Iwata YT, Tsujikawa K, Ohtsuru O, Miyamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F. Differentiation of ring-substituted bromoamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 125-32. Jafari-Nodoushan M, Barzin J, Mobedi H. A stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of morphine and naltrexone. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1011: 163-70. Kerrigan S, Savage M, Cavazos C, Bella P. Thermal degradation of synthetic cathinones: implications for forensic toxicology. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 1-11. Klotz K, Angerer J. Quantification of naphthoquinone mercapturic acids in urine as biomarkers of naphthalene exposure. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 89-96. Knittel JL, Holler JM, Chmiel JD, Vorce SP, Magluilo J, Jr., Levine B, Ramos G, Bosy TZ. Analysis of parent synthetic cannabinoids in blood and urinary metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv137: Lanzarotta A, Kelley CM. Forensic analysis of human autopsy tissue for the presence of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and volatile cyclic siloxanes using macro FT-IR, FT-IR spectroscopic imaging and headspace GC-MS. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13018: Lesiak AD, Cody RB, Ubukata M, Musah RA. Direct analysis in real time high resolution mass spectrometry as a tool for rapid characterization of mind-altering plant materials and revelation of supplement adulteration–the case of Kanna. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 66-73. Lessmann F, Schütze A, Weiss T, Brüning T, Koch HM. Determination of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) tere-phthalate (DEHTP) in human urine by HPLC-MS/MS with on-line clean-up. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1011: 196-203. Liu Y, Li X, Xu A, Nasser AF, Heidbreder C. Simultaneous determination of buprenorphine, norbuprenorphine and naloxone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120: 142-52. Mardal M, Gracia-Lor E, Leibnitz S, Castiglioni S, Meyer MR. Toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances: plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, and human phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 studied using in vitro tools and LC-HR-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1938: Monteiro C, Proença P, Tavares C, Castañera A, Real FC. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: a case report. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 65-9. Parnmen S, Sikaphan S, Leudang S, Boonpratuang T, Rangsiruji A, Naksuwankul K.

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Molecular identification of poisonous mushrooms using nuclear ITS region and peptide toxins: a retrospective study on fatal cases in Thailand. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 65-76. Perez ER, Knapp JA, Horn CK, Stillman SL, Evans JE, Arfsten DP. Comparison of LCMS-MS and GC-MS analysis of benzodiazepine compounds included in the drug demand reduction urinalysis program. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv140: Poklis JL, Wolf CE, Poklis A. 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and urine from an intoxicated patient with life-threatening hyperpyrexia. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv139: Roche L, Pinguet J, Herviou P, Libert F, Chenaf C, Eschalier A, Authier N, Richard D. Fully automated semi-quantitative toxicological screening in three biological matrices using turbulent flow chro-matography/high resolution mass spectrometry. Clin Chim Acta 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2016.01.017: Severino P, Silveira EF, Vazzana M, Chaud MV, Santana MH, Souto EB. Validation of an UV spectrophotometric assay for the quantification of polymyxin B in solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharmazie 2015; 70: 693-7. Shanks KG, Clark W, Behonick G. Death associated with the use of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-FUBINACA. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv142: Shi Y, Cui X, Shen M, Xiang P. Quantitative analysis of the endogenous GHB level in the hair of the Chinese population using GC/MS/MS. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 39: 10-5. Singh SP, Dwivedi N, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Wahajuddin M. Validation of a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS-MS method coupled with protein precipitation for the simultaneous determination of seven pyrethroids in 100 L of rat plasma by using ammonium adduct as precursor ion. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw002: Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Determination of multiple human arsenic metabolites employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1009-1010: 55-65. Sun B, Chen Y. A simple and rapid method for detection of paraquat in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 17067-71. Viaene J, Lanckmans K, Dejaegher B, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Comparison of a triple-quadrupole and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer to quantify 16 opioids in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.055: Zheng N, Zhao C, He X-R, Jiang S-T, Han S-Y, Xu G-B, Li P-P.

Simultaneous determination of gefitinib and its major metabolites in mouse plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1011: 215-22.

Biomarkers Carbonari D, Chiarella P, Mansi A, Pigini D, Iavicoli S, Tranfo G. Biomarkers of susceptibility following benzene exposure: influence of genetic polymorphisms on benzene metabolism and health effects. Biomark Med 2016; 10: 145-63. Chaguri JL, Godinho AF, Horta DF, Gonçalves-Rizzi VH, Possomato-Vieira JS, Nascimento RA, Dias-Junior CA. Exposure to fipronil elevates systolic blood pressure and disturbs related biomarkers in plasma of rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 42: 63-8. Jacobo-Estrada T, Cardenas-Gonzalez M, Santoyo-Sánchez M, Parada-Cruz B, Uria-Galicia E, Arreola-Mendoza L, Barbier O. Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in rat amniotic fluid after gestational exposure to cadmium. J Appl Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3286: Karabacak M, Turkdogan KA, Coskun A, Akpinar O, Duman A, Kapci M, Eren SH, Karabacak P. Detection of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a serum marker associated with inflammations by acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J Acute Dis 2015; 4: 305-8. Klotz K, Angerer J. Quantification of naphthoquinone mercapturic acids in urine as biomarkers of naphthalene exposure. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 89-96. Maule AL, Proctor SP, Blount BC, Chambers DM, McClean MD. Volatile organic compounds in blood as biomarkers of exposure to JP-8 jet fuel among US Air Force personnel. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 24-9. Robinson JF, Gormley MJ, Fisher SJ. A genomics-based framework for identifying biomarkers of human neurodevelopmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.01.007: Severin MJ, Trebucobich MS, Buszniez P, Brandoni A, Torres AM. The urinary excretion of an organic anion transporter as an early biomarker of methotrexate-induced kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00436E: Stachel N, Skopp G. Formation and inhibition of ethyl glucoronide and ethyl sulfate. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 61-4. Tedesco G, Cadossi M, Savarino L, Mazzotti A, Sambri A, Baldini N, Giannini S. Potential markers of systemic toxicity induced by metal ions in patients with hip resurfacing. HIP Int 2015; 25: S61. Weldon BA, Shubin SP, Smith MN, Workman T, Artemenko A, Griffith WC, Thompson B, Faustman EM. Urinary microRNAs as potential biomarkers of pesticide exposure.

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Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.taap.2016.01.018:

Body packers Nordt SP, Camilon M. Computed tomography following body stuffing heroin. West J Emerg Med 2015; 16: 1181-2.

Carcinogenicity Berry C. The dangers of hazards. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00472A: Bottai M, Selander J, Pershagen G, Gustavsson P. Age at occupational exposure to combustion products and lung cancer risk among men in Stockholm, Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 271-5. Kachuri L, Villeneuve P, Parent M-É, Johnson KC, the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Harris SA. Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men. Environ Health 2016; 15: 4. Mazdak H, Rashidi M, Zohary M. Plumb as a cause of kidney cancer (case study: Iran from 2008–2010). J Res Med Sci 2015; 20: 974-7.

Cardiotoxicity Alonso JV, Theo B, Javier Fonseca del Pozo F, Aguayo MA, Sanchez A. Brugada electrocardiogram pattern induced by cannabis; is cannabis safe? Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.081: Angerer V, Franz F, Schwarze B, Moosmann B, Auwärter V. Reply to 'Sudden cardiac death following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA'. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw004: Chen Y, Zheng L, Liu W, Li H, Yu S, Chen Q, Pan B, Yu H, Yu R. Electrocardiographic changes caused by lithium intoxication in an elderly patient. Springerplus 2016; 5: 10. Dakkak M, Gupta A, Antoun P, Miller A. Takotsubo cariomyopathy secondary to theophylline toxicity: old drug with new side effect. Chest 2015; 148: 77A. Hutton LMJ, Cave AJ, St-Jean R, Banh HL. Should we be worried about QTc prolongation using citalopram? A review. J Pharm Pract 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0897190015624862: Iyer G, Alexander GC. Cardiovascular risks associated with clarithromycin. Br Med J 2016; 352: i23. Lasoff DR, Schneir A. Ventricular dysrhythmias from loperamide misuse. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.017: Lusetti M, Licata M, Silingardi E, Bonetti LR, Palmiere C.

Therapeutic and recreational methadone cardiotoxicity. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.016: Pollak PT. Herbal cardiotoxicity: can mother nature hurt the heart? Can J Cardiol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.08.024: Sertbas M, Sertbas Y, Ordu O, Berber E, Ozen B, Ozdemir A. Myocardial injury and acute renal failure associated with lactic acidosis due to suicide attempt with metformin. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 223-5.

Dermal toxicity Darr-Foit S, Geier J, Elsner P, Schliemann S. Occupational contact allergy to the epoxy resin hardener 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine. Contact Derm 2016; 74: 115-6. Dornic N, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Saboureau D, Ezzedine K. Usage patterns of aromatherapy among the French general population: a descriptive study focusing on dermal exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.016: Kalman C. Re: Irritant hand dermatitis in health care workers. Occup Med (Oxf) 2016; 66: 81. Lai YC, Yew YW. Heavy metals and hand dermatitis: analysis of data in the US national health and nutrition examination survey. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55: e114-e115. Schwensen JF, Menné T, Sommerlund M, Andersen KE, Mortz CG, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Contact allergy in danish healthcare workers: a retro-spective matched case-control study. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96: 237-40. Subota V, Mirkov I, Demenesku J, Popov Aleksandrov A, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Transdermal toxicity of topically applied anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 41: 232-40. Thors L, Koch B, Koch M, Hägglund L, Bucht A. In vitro human skin penetration model for organo-phosphorus compounds with different physicochemical properties. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32: 198-204.

Developmental toxicology Anderson DW, Mettil W, Schneider JS. Effects of low level lead exposure on associative learning and memory in the rat: Influences of sex and developmental timing of exposure. Toxicol Lett 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.011: Blossom SJ, Melnyk SB, Li M, Wessinger WD, Cooney CA. Inflammatory and oxidative stress-related effects associated with neurotoxicity are maintained after exclusively prenatal trichloroethylene exposure. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.002:

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Capobussi M, Tettamanti R, Marcolin L, Piovesan L, Bronzin S, Gattoni ME, Polloni I, Sabatino G, Tersalvi CA, Auxilia F, Castaldi S. Air pollution impact on pregnancy outcomes in Como, Italy. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 47-52. Chisolm MS, Payne JL. Management of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. Br Med J 2016; 352: h5918. Coker J, McLeod C, Narayanan S, David T, Ritchie J, Mancino M, Stowe Z. Buprenorphine during pregnancy: clearance, fetal exposure and neonatal outcomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: S422-S423. Debost-Legrand A, Warembourg C, Massart C, Chevrier C, Bonvallot N, Monfort C, Rouget F, Bonnet F, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate pesticides, and markers of glucose metabolism at birth. Environ Res 2016; 146: 207-17. Gardner ST, Wood AT, Lester R, Onkst PE, Burnham Nl, Perygin DH, Rayburn J. Assessing differences in toxicity and teratogenicity of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate, using Xenopus laevis embryos. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1106994: Girguis MS, Strickland MJ, Hu X, Liu Y, Bartell SM, Vieira VM. Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and birth defects in Massachusetts. Environ Res 2016; 146: 1-9. Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J. Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.007: Moallem SA, Afshar M, Etemad L, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 285-91. Pallocca G, Grinberg M, Henry M, Frickey T, Hengstler JG, Waldmann T, Sachinidis A, Rahnenführer J, Leist M. Identification of transcriptome signatures and biomarkers specific for potential developmental toxicants inhibiting human neural crest cell migration. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90: 159-80. Robinson JF, Gormley MJ, Fisher SJ. A genomics-based framework for identifying biomarkers of human neurodevelopmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.01.007: Rothenberg SE, Keiser S, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Gesell J, Petrosino JF, Johs A. The role of gut microbiota in fetal methylmercury exposure: insights from a pilot study. Toxicol Lett 2016; 242: 60-7. Tang M, Xu C, Lin N, Yin S, Zhang Y, Yu X, Liu W. Toxic effects of trace elements on newborns and their birth outcomes. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550: 73-9.

Driving under the influence of alcohol and other drugs AL-Abdallat E, Al Ali R, Hudaib A, Salameh GAM, Salameh RJM, Idhair AK. The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008 – 2014. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.018: Buckley L, Chapman RL, Lewis I. A systematic review of intervening to prevent driving while intoxicated: the problem of driving while intoxicated (DWI). Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51: 104-12. Drummer OH, Yap S. The involvement of prescribed drugs in road trauma. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 17-21. Monteiro C, Proença P, Tavares C, Castañera A, Real FC. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: a case report. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 65-9. Petkovic S, Palic K, Samojlik I. Blood alcohol concentration in fatally injured drivers and the efficacy of alcohol policies of the new law on road traffic safety – a retrospective 10-year study in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Traffic Inj Prev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1125479: Rositano J, Harpas P, Kostakis C, Scott T. Supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the analysis of methylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethylamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid and blood of drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.017: Siciliano V, Mezzasalma L, Scalese M, Doveri C, Molinaro S. Drinking and driving among Italian adolescents: trends over seven years (2007–2013). Accid Anal Prev 2015; 88: 97-104.

Epidemiology Bhaskar K, Nagendraprasad B. Changing trends (patterns) of human poisoning in Tirupati region – A five years study. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 116-21. Dursa EK, Barth SK, Schneiderman AI, Bossarte RM. Physical and mental health status of Gulf War and Gulf era veterans: results from a large population-based epidemi-ological study. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 41-6. Falkowitz D, Alerhand S, Su M. A letter to the editor: Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999 to 2012. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.011: Farooqui JM, Mukherjee BB, Manjhi SN, Farooqui AA, Datir S. Incidence of fatal snake bite in Loni, Maharashtra: an autopsy based retrospective study (2004 – 2014). J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.013: Fortenberry GZ, Beckman J, Schwartz A, Prado JB, Graham LS, Higgins S, Lackovic M, Mulay P, Bojes H, Waltz J, Mitchell Y, Leinenkugel K, Oriel MS, Evans E, Calvert GM.

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Magnitude and characteristics of acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US: 1998–2013. Environ Res 2016; 146: 191-9. Fuh L, Hays H, Brown N, Shirk MB. Characterization of drug overdoses in an Ohio incarcerated population. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135338: Huntington S, Fenik Y, Vohra R, Geller RJ. Human bromethalin exposures reported to a U.S. Statewide Poison Control System. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139713: Karabuva S, Vrkic I, Brizic I, Ivic I, Lukžic B. Venomous snakebites in children in southern Croatia. Toxicon 2016; 112: 8-15. Kasper AM, Ridpath AD, Arnold JK, Chatham-Stephens K, Morrison M, Olayinka O, Parker C, Galli R, Cox R, Preacely N, Anderson J, Kyle PB, Gerona R, Martin C, Schier J, Wolkin A, Dobbs T. Severe illness associated with reported use of synthetic cannabinoids – Mississippi, April 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64: 1121-2. Kim K-N, Choi Y-H, Lim Y-H, Hong Y-C. Urinary phthalate metabolites and depression in an elderly population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012. Environ Res 2016; 145: 61-7. Klupczynska A, Derezinski P, Krysztofiak J, Kokot ZJ. Estimation of drug abuse in 9 Polish cities by wastewater analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 14-21. Manouchehrifar M, Derakhshandeh N, Shojaee M, Sabzghabaei A, Farnaghi F. An epidemiologic study of pediatric poisoning; a six-month cross-sectional study. Emergency 2016; 4: 21-4. Naik BN, Veerakumar AM, Manikandan S, Kar SS. Prevalence of domestic poisoning in a rural area of Tamil Nadu. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 11-3. Patil B, Patil D. Profile of deaths due to poisoning in a medical college teaching hospital. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 181-3. Ruhm CJ. Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999–2012: a statistical adjustment analysis. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14: 2. Satish KV, Shivakumar P, Mugadlimath A. A study of fatal and non-fatal paediatric poisoning cases in Bangalore, India. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 64-7. Sidani JE, Shensa A, Shiffman S, Switzer GE, Primack BA. Behavioral associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence among US young adults. Addiction 2016; 111: 351-9. Stein CR, Wallenstein S, Shapiro M, Hashim D, Moline JM, Udasin I, Crane MA, Luft BJ, Lucchini RG, Holden WL.

Mortality among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers, 2002-2011. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 87-95. Tirima S, Bartrem C, von Lindern I, Von Braun M, Lind D, Anka SM, Abdullahi A. Environmental remediation to address childhood lead poisoning epidemic due to artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Environ Health Perspect 2016; online early: doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510145: Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73: 119-26. Z'gambo J, Siulapwa Y, Michelo C. Pattern of acute poisoning at two urban referral hospitals in Lusaka, Zambia. BMC Emerg Med 2016; 16: 2.

Forensic toxicology AL-Abdallat E, Al Ali R, Hudaib A, Salameh GAM, Salameh RJM, Idhair AK. The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008 – 2014. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.018: Barbera N, Montana A, Indorato F, Arbouche N, Romano G. Domino effect: an unusual case of six fatal hydrogen sulfide poisonings in quick succession. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.021: Burgueño MJ, Alonso A, Sánchez S. Amphetamines and cannabinoids testing in hair: evaluation of results from a two-year period. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 47-53. Burrai L, Nieddu M, Carta A, Trignano C, Sanna R, Boatto G. Validated LCMS-MS method for multiresidual analysis of 13 illicit phenethylamines in amniotic fluid. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv143: Busardò FP. The importance of hair testing in GHB facilitated sexual assault cases. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.020: Cannizzaro C, Malta G, Argo A, Brancato A, Roda G, Casagni E, Fumagalli L, Valoti E, Froldi R, Procaccianti P, Gambaro V. Behavioural and pharmacological characterization of a novel cannabinomimetic adamantane-derived indole, apica, and considerations on the possible misuse as a psychotropic spice abuse, in C57bl/6 J mice. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 6-12. Chaudhary MT, Sarwar M, Tahir AM, Tahir MA, Mustafa G, Wattoo SA, Imran M, Subhani A. Rapid and economical colorimetric detection of cyanide in blood using vitamin B12. Aust J Forensic Sci 2016; 48: 42-9. de Oliveira Silveira G, Belitsky ÍT, Loddi S, Rodrigues de Oliveira CD, Zucoloto AD, Fruchtengarten LVG, Yonamine M.

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Development of a method for the determination of cocaine, cocaethylene and nococaine in human breast milk using liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 22-8. Djurendic-Brenesel M, Stojiljkovic G, Pilija V. Fatal intoxication with toluene due to inhalation of glue. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13019: dos Santos MF, Yamada A, Seulin SC, Leyton V, Pasqualucci CAG, Muñoz DR, Yonamine M. Liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of antidepressants in vitreous humor: study of matrix effect of human and bovine vitreous and saline solution. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv141: Drummer OH, Yap S. The involvement of prescribed drugs in road trauma. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 17-21. Duvivier WF, Peeters RJP, van Beek TA, Nielen MWF. Evidence based decontamination protocols for the removal

-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from contam-inated hair. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 110-8. Dybowski MP, Dawidowicz AL. The determination of - and -thujone in human serum – Simple analysis of absinthe congener substance. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 188-92. Ellefsen KN, Concheiro M, Pirard S, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Oral fluid cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations following controlled intravenous cocaine administration. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.013: Ellefsen KN, Wohlfarth A, Swortwood MJ, Diao X, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. 4-Methoxy--PVP: in silico prediction, metabolic stability, and metabolite identification by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 61-75. Ettlinger J, Yegles M. Influence of thermal hair straightening on cannabis and cocaine content in hair. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 13-6. Grass G, Ahrens B, Schleenbecker U, Dobrzykowski L, Wagner M, Krüger C, Wölfel R. Technical Note: Simple, scalable, and sensitive protocol for retrieving Bacillus anthracis (and other live bacteria) from heroin. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 32-5. Indorato F, Romano G, Barbera N. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: two fatal case reports and evaluation of possible cocaine toxicity potentiation. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.005: Inoue H, Negishi S, Nakazono Y, Iwata YT, Tsujikawa K, Ohtsuru O, Miyamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F. Differentiation of ring-substituted bromoamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 125-32.

Karch SB, Busardò FP, Vaiano F, Portelli F, Zaami S, Bertol E. Levamisole adulterated cocaine and pulmonary vasculitis: presentation of two lethal cases and brief literature review. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.015: Kerrigan S, Savage M, Cavazos C, Bella P. Thermal degradation of synthetic cathinones: implications for forensic toxicology. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 1-11. Klavž J, Gorenjak M, Marinšek M. Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018: Klupczynska A, Derezinski P, Krysztofiak J, Kokot ZJ. Estimation of drug abuse in 9 Polish cities by wastewater analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 14-21. Labay LM, Caruso JL, Gilson TP, Phipps RJ, Knight LD, Lemos NP, McIntyre IM, Stoppacher R, Tormos LM, Weins AL, Williams E, Logan BK. Synthetic cannabinoid drug use as a cause or contributory cause of death. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 31-9. Lanzarotta A, Kelley CM. Forensic analysis of human autopsy tissue for the presence of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and volatile cyclic siloxanes using macro FT-IR, FT-IR spectroscopic imaging and headspace GC-MS. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13018: Lesiak AD, Cody RB, Ubukata M, Musah RA. Direct analysis in real time high resolution mass spectrometry as a tool for rapid characterization of mind-altering plant materials and revelation of supplement adulteration–the case of Kanna. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 66-73. Majchrzak M, Rojkiewicz M, Celinski R, Kus P, Sajewicz M. Identification and characterization of new designer drug 4-fluoro-PV9 and -PHP in the seized materials. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 115-24. Maskell PD, Smith PR, Cole R, Hikin L, Morley SR. Seven fatalities associated with ethylphenidate. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 70-4. McIntyre IM, Mallett P, Stolberg S, Haas EA, Mena O. Striking increases in postmortem compared to antemortem drug concentrations in a suicidal overdose: a case report. Aust J Forensic Sci 2016; 48: 37-41. Mehling L-M, Johansen SS, Wang X, Doberentz E, Madea B, Hess C. Drug facilitated sexual assault with lethal outcome: GHB intoxication in a six-year-old girl. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: e25-e31. Monteiro C, Proença P, Tavares C, Castañera A, Real FC. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: a case report. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 65-9.

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Qian Z, Hua Z, Liu C, Jia W. Four types of cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives, ADB-BINACA, AB-FUBICA, ADB-FUBICA, and AB-BICA, identified as new psychoactive substances. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 133-43. Rositano J, Harpas P, Kostakis C, Scott T. Supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the analysis of methylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethylamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid and blood of drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.017: Stachel N, Skopp G. Formation and inhibition of ethyl glucoronide and ethyl sulfate. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 61-4. Szymanski LJ, Aurelius MB, Szymanski SA, Lathrop SL. Suicidal drug overdoses in New Mexico: a 5-year retrospective review. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13014: Wenholz DS, Luong S, Philp M, Forbes SL, Stuart BH, Drummer OH, Fu S. A study to model the post-mortem stability of 4-MMC, MDMA and BZP in putrefying remains. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 54-60.

Genotoxicity Linqing Y, Bo X, Xueqin Y, Hong D, Desheng W, Huimin Z, Gaofeng J, Jianjun L, Zhixiong Z. Mitochondrial DNA hypomethylation in chrome plating workers. Toxicol Lett 2016; 243: 1-6.

Hepatotoxicity Danan G, Teschke R. RUCAM in drug and herb induced liver injury: the update. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17: 14. Dayanand S, Dayanand P, Martinez J, Monzel M. A rare case series demonstrating the mixed pattern of metformin induced hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S399. Farooq A, Farooq A, Mehal W. Aspartate a new treatment modality in the treatment of acute liver failure and actiminophen-induced toxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S895. Huidekoper HH, Vaz FM, Verrips A, Bosch AM. Hepatotoxicity due to chenodeoxycholic acid supplemen-tation in an infant with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: implications for treatment. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175: 143-6. Mcgill MR, Du K, Weemhoff JL, Jaeschke H. Critical review of resveratrol in xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86: 309-18. Patel D, Mohammed A, Basu A, Asija A, Jain S, Pawar AS, Danilewitz M. Goldenseal root powder (Hydrastis canadensis) associated hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S368-S369.

Seifert SA, Kovnat D, Anderson VE, Green JL, Dart RC, Heard KJ. Acute hepatotoxicity associated with therapeutic doses of intravenous acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1134798: Sohail U, Almashhrawi A, Rahman R, Ashraf I, Nguyen D, Bechtold M. Bactrim-induced hepatotoxicity: a rare occurrence. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S350. Xie W, Jiang Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Melzig MF. Protective effect of hyperoside against acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury through enhancement of APAP clearance. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246: 11-9.

Inhalation toxicity Schreder ED, Uding N, La Guardia MJ. Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.084: Takeda K, Pokorski M, Sato Y, Oyamada Y, Okada Y. Respiratory toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/5584_2015_187: Tan D, Wang C, Ling J, Xia Z, Xu J. Acute respiratory distress syndrome after accidental inhalation of fluorocarbon monomers and pyrolysis products. Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103185:

Kinetics Kim H-J, Kim H-K, Lee H, Bae J-S, Kown J-T, Gil H-W, Hong SY. Toxicokinetics of paraquat in Korean patients with acute poisoning. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20: 35-9. Kongkapan J, Giorgi M, Poapolathep S, Isariyodom S, Poapolathep A. Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of nivalenol in broiler chickens. Toxicon 2016; 111: 31-6. Mardal M, Gracia-Lor E, Leibnitz S, Castiglioni S, Meyer MR. Toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances: plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, and human phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 studied using in vitro tools and LC-HR-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1938: Mittag N, Meister S, Berg AMJ, Walther UI. A case report of a carbamazepine overdose with focus on pharmacokinetic aspects. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; online early: doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1569268: Straka E, Ellinger I, Balthasar C, Scheinast M, Schatz J, Szattler T, Bleichert S, Saleh L, Knöfler M, Zeisler H, Hengstschläger M, Rosner M, Salzer H, Gundacker C. Mercury toxicokinetics of the healthy human term placenta involve amino acid transporters and ABC transporters. Toxicology 2016; 340: 34-42.

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Mechanisms of toxicity Menon AV, Chang JO, Kim J. Mechanisms of divalent metal toxicity in affective disorders. Toxicology 2016; 339: 58-72. Metushi IG, Uetrecht J, Phillips E. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity: then and now. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12885: Wildemann TM, Siciliano SD, Weber LP. The mechanisms associated with the development of hypertension after exposure to lead, mercury species or their mixtures differs with the metal and the mixture ratio. Toxicology 2016; 339: 1-8.

Metabolism Diao X, Scheidweiler KB, Wohlfarth A, Pang S, Kronstrand R, Huestis MA. In vitro and In vivo human metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids FDU-PB-22 and FUB-PB-22. AAPS J 2016; online early: doi: 10.1208/s12248-016-9867-4: Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Metabolomics of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: implications in toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1137307: Jäger T, Drexler H, Göen T. Human metabolism and renal excretion of selenium com-pounds after oral ingestion of sodium selenate dependent on trimethylselenium ion (TMSe) status. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 149-58.

Nephrotoxicity Buser MC, Ingber SZ, Raines N, Fowler DA, Scinicariello F. Urinary and blood cadmium and lead and kidney function: NHANES 2007-2012. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005: Ettore B. Adverse effects of drugs on the kidney. Eur J Intern Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.001: Hara A, Yang W-Y, Petit T, Zhang Z-Y, Gu Y-M, Wei F-F, Jacobs L, Odili AN, Thijs L, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA. Incidence of nephrolithiasis in relation to environmental exposure to lead and cadmium in a population study. Environ Res 2016; 145: 1-8. Jacobo-Estrada T, Cardenas-Gonzalez M, Santoyo-Sánchez M, Parada-Cruz B, Uria-Galicia E, Arreola-Mendoza L, Barbier O. Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in rat amniotic fluid after gestational exposure to cadmium. J Appl Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3286: Kang E, Cheong K-Y, Lee M-J, Kim S, Shin G-T, Kim H, Park I-W. Severe but reversible acute kidney injury resulting from Amanita punctata poisoning. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2015; 34: 233-6. Mazdak H, Rashidi M, Zohary M. Plumb as a cause of kidney cancer (case study: Iran from 2008–2010). J Res Med Sci 2015; 20: 974-7.

Meulendijks D, van Hasselt JGC, Huitema ADR, van Tinteren H, Deenen MJ, Beijnen JH, Cats A, Schellens JHM. Renal function, body surface area, and age are associated with risk of early-onset fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity in patients treated with capecitabine-based anticancer regimens in daily clinical care. Eur J Cancer 2016; 54: 120-30. Sertbas M, Sertbas Y, Ordu O, Berber E, Ozen B, Ozdemir A. Myocardial injury and acute renal failure associated with lactic acidosis due to suicide attempt with metformin. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 223-5. Severin MJ, Trebucobich MS, Buszniez P, Brandoni A, Torres AM. The urinary excretion of an organic anion transporter as an early biomarker of methotrexate-induced kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00436E: Xu Y-Y, Zeng Q, Yao M, Yu C, Li J, Zhang A. A possible new mechanism and drug intervention for kidney damage due to arsenic poisoning in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00165J:

Neurotoxicity Blossom SJ, Melnyk SB, Li M, Wessinger WD, Cooney CA. Inflammatory and oxidative stress-related effects associated with neurotoxicity are maintained after exclusively prenatal trichloroethylene exposure. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.002: Butler-Dawson J, Galvin K, Thorne PS, Rohlman DS. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in Latino children living in an orchard com-munity. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.009: Chondrogiorgi M, Tzoulaki I, Evangelou E, Ntritsos G, Tseretopoulou X, Pappa M, Konitsiotis S, Ntzani E. Pesticide exposure and parkinsonism: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 22: e127-e128. Ciudad-Roberts A, Duart-Castells L, Camarasa J, Pubill D, Escubedo E. The combination of ethanol with mephedrone increases the signs of neurotoxicity and impairs neurogenesis and learning in adolescent CD-1 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 293: 10-20. Dion L-A, Bouchard MF, Sauvé S, Barbeau B, Tucholka A, Major P, Gilbert G, Mergler D, Saint-Amour D. MRI pallidal signal in children exposed to manganese in drinking water. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 124-31. Fricks-Gleason AN, German CL, Hoonakker AJ, Friend DM, Ganesh KK, Carver AS, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE, Keefe KA. An acute, epitope-specific modification in the dopamine transporter associated with methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Synapse 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/syn.21891: Keil D, Buck B, Goossens D, Teng Y, Leetham M, Murphy L, Pollard J, Eggers M, McLaurin B, Gerads R, DeWitt J.

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Immunotoxicological and neurotoxicological profile of health effects following subacute exposure to geogenic dust from sand dunes at the Nellis Dunes Recreation Area, Las Vegas, NV. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 291: 1-12. Kuroda H, Fujihara K, Mugikura S, Takahashi S, Kushimoto S, Aoki M. Altered white matter metabolism in delayed neurologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 360: 161-9. Lee YS, Lewis JA, Ippolito DL, Hussainzada N, Lein PJ, Jackson DA, Stallings JD. Repeated exposure to neurotoxic levels of chlorpyrifos alters hippocampal expression of neurotrophins and neuropeptides. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.001: López-Granero C, Ruiz-Muñoz AM, Nieto-Escámez FA, Colomina MT, Aschner M, Sánchez-Santed F. Chronic dietary chlorpyrifos causes long-term spatial memory impairment and thigmotaxic behavior. Neurotoxicology 2015; 53: 85-92. Maurer LL, Latham JD, Landis RW, Song DH, Epstein T, Philbert MA. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene neurotoxicity – Passage effect in immor-talized astrocytes. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 74-84. Mochizuki H, Yagi K, Tsuruta K, Taniguchi A, Ishii N, Shiomi K, Nakazato M. Prolonged central sensory conduction time in patients with chronic arsenic exposure. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361: 39-42. Mueller F, Lenz C, Steiner M, Dolder PC, Walter M, Lang UE, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Neuroimaging in moderate MDMA use: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 62: 21-34. Ordemann JM, Austin RN. Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health. Metallomics 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/c5mt00300h: Robinson JF, Gormley MJ, Fisher SJ. A genomics-based framework for identifying biomarkers of human neurodevelopmental toxicity. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.01.007: Sekkal S, Casas L, Haddam N, Bouhacina L, Scheers H, Taleb A, Nemery B. Sleep disturbances and neurotoxicity in workers exposed to hydrocarbons. An observational study from Algeria. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 129-36. Steuer AE, Boxler MI, Stock L, Kraemer T. Inhibition potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymetham-phetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites on the in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-catalyzed deamination of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Toxicol Lett 2016; 243: 48-55. Wong C-S, Lin Y-C, Hong L-Y, Chen T-T, Ma H-P, Hsu Y-H, Tsai S-H, Lin Y-F, Wu M-Y.

Increased long-term risk of dementia in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: a population-based study. Medicine 2016; 95: e2549.

Occupational toxicology Bottai M, Selander J, Pershagen G, Gustavsson P. Age at occupational exposure to combustion products and lung cancer risk among men in Stockholm, Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 271-5. Darr-Foit S, Geier J, Elsner P, Schliemann S. Occupational contact allergy to the epoxy resin hardener 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine. Contact Derm 2016; 74: 115-6. Dursa EK, Barth SK, Schneiderman AI, Bossarte RM. Physical and mental health status of Gulf War and Gulf era veterans: results from a large population-based epidemi-ological study. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 41-6. Fenga C, Gangemi S, Giambò F, Tsitsimpikou C, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis A, Costa C. Low-dose occupational exposure to benzene and signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. Life Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.025: Hirsch AE, Langley RL, McDaniel JS. Carbon monoxide poisonings from forklift use during produce packing operations. J Agromed 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2016.1142915: Huang S, Deng Q, Feng J, Zhang X, Dai X, Li L, Yang B, Wu T, Cheng J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons–associated microRNAs and heart rate variability in coke oven workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: e24-e31. Kachuri L, Villeneuve P, Parent M-É, Johnson KC, the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Harris SA. Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men. Environ Health 2016; 15: 4. Kalman C. Re: Irritant hand dermatitis in health care workers. Occup Med (Oxf) 2016; 66: 81. Khwaja MA, Nawaz S, Ali SW. Mercury exposure in the work place and human health: dental amalgam use in dentistry at dental teaching institutions and private dental clinics in selected cities of Pakistan. Rev Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0058: Linqing Y, Bo X, Xueqin Y, Hong D, Desheng W, Huimin Z, Gaofeng J, Jianjun L, Zhixiong Z. Mitochondrial DNA hypomethylation in chrome plating workers. Toxicol Lett 2016; 243: 1-6. Macharia I. Pesticides and health in vegetable production in Kenya. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015: 241516. Maule AL, Proctor SP, Blount BC, Chambers DM, McClean MD.

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Volatile organic compounds in blood as biomarkers of exposure to JP-8 jet fuel among US Air Force personnel. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 24-9. McAllister JL. Health effects in groups exposed to wildland and urban fires. Chapter 17 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 535-51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Park J, Kang T, Jin S, Heo Y, Kim K, Lee K, Tsai P, Yoon C. Asphyxiation incidents by hydrogen sulfide at manure storage facilities of swine livestock farms in Korea. J Agromed 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2016.1141735: Pedersen EB, Ebbehøj NE, Göen T, Meyer HW, Jacobsen P. Exposure to 27 polychlorinated biphenyls in the indoor environment of a workplace: a controlled bio-monitoring study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 43-7. Schwensen JF, Menné T, Sommerlund M, Andersen KE, Mortz CG, Zachariae C, Johansen JD. Contact allergy in danish healthcare workers: a retrospective matched case-control study. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96: 237-40. Sekkal S, Casas L, Haddam N, Bouhacina L, Scheers H, Taleb A, Nemery B. Sleep disturbances and neurotoxicity in workers exposed to hydrocarbons. An observational study from Algeria. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 129-36. Sikkeland LIB, Alexis NE, Fry RC, Martin E, Danielsen TE, SøStrand P, Kongerud J. Inflammation in induced sputum after aluminium oxide exposure: an experimental chamber study. Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103254: Stein CR, Wallenstein S, Shapiro M, Hashim D, Moline JM, Udasin I, Crane MA, Luft BJ, Lucchini RG, Holden WL. Mortality among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers, 2002-2011. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 87-95. Umukoro PE, Cavallari JM, Fang SC, Lu C, Lin X, Mittleman MA, Christiani DC. Short-term metal particulate exposures decrease cardiac acceleration and deceleration capacities in welders: a repeated-measures panel study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73: 91-6.

Ocular toxicity Brandao LM, Palmowski-Wolfe AM. A possible early sign of hydroxychloroquine macular toxicity. Doc Ophthalmol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s10633-015-9521-y: Tanrivermis Sayit A, Aslan K, Elmali M, Gungor I. Methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy with diffusion weighted MRI findings. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1122031:

Paediatric toxicology Aurrekoetxea JJ, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Guxens M, Fernández-Somoano A, López MJ, Lertxundi A, Castilla AM, Espada M, Tardón A, Ballester F, Santa-Marina L.

Second-hand smoke exposure in 4-year-old children in Spain: sources, associated factors and urinary cotinine. Environ Res 2016; 145: 116-25. Bakshi SS, Coumare VN, Priya M, Kumar S. Long-term complications of button batteries in the nose. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.041: Butler-Dawson J, Galvin K, Thorne PS, Rohlman DS. Organophosphorus pesticide exposure and neurobehavioral performance in Latino children living in an orchard com-munity. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.009: Calapai G, Imbesi S, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Cafeo V, Milone L, Navarra M, Gangemi S. Fatal anaphylactic shock ceftriaxone-induced in a 4-year-old child. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; 32: 32-3. D'Avila FB, Ferreira PCL, Salazar FR, Pereira AG, dos Santos MK, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Analysis of cocaine/crack biomarkers in meconium by LCMS. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 113-7. Dion L-A, Bouchard MF, Sauvé S, Barbeau B, Tucholka A, Major P, Gilbert G, Mergler D, Saint-Amour D. MRI pallidal signal in children exposed to manganese in drinking water. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 124-31. Forjuoh SN. Does improving poison prevention practices reduce childhood poisoning rates. Int J Inj Contr Saf Promot 2016; 23: 1-2. Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Farnaghi F, Rahimi M. Tramadol overdose and apnea in hospitalized children, a review of 20 cases. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10: 544-52. Hoffman K, Butt CM, Chen A, Limkakeng AT, Jr., Stapleton HM. High exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in infants: associations with baby products. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49: 14554-9. Huidekoper HH, Vaz FM, Verrips A, Bosch AM. Hepatotoxicity due to chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in an infant with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: implications for treatment. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175: 143-6. Isbister GK, Gault A, Tasoulis T, O'Leary MA. A definite bite by the Ornamental Snake (Denisonia maculata) causing mild envenoming. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1128545: Kang AM, Brooks DE. US Poison Control Center calls for infants 6 months of age and younger. Pediatrics 2016; 137: 1-7. Karabuva S, Vrkic I, Brizic I, Ivic I, Lukžic B. Venomous snakebites in children in southern Croatia. Toxicon 2016; 112: 8-15.

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Karaman I, Koç O, Karaman A, Erdogan D, Çavusoglu YH, Afsarlar ÇE, Yilmaz E, Ertürk A, Balci Ö, Özgüner IF. Evaluation of 968 children with corrosive substance ingestion. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 714-8. Koscielniak B, Tomasik PJ. Children with alcohol intoxication in Cracow, Poland. J Addict Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10550887.2015.1136493: Lazic-Mitrovic T, Mikovic Ž, Mandic V, Avramovic LH, Cecez D, Stanimirovic A, Jankovic B. Neonatal abstinence syndrome – Diagnostic dilemmas in the maternity ward. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2015; 143: 573-7. Manouchehrifar M, Derakhshandeh N, Shojaee M, Sabzghabaei A, Farnaghi F. An epidemiologic study of pediatric poisoning; a six-month cross-sectional study. Emergency 2016; 4: 21-4. Marques RC, Abreu L, Bernardi JVE, Dórea JG. Neurodevelopment of Amazonian children exposed to ethyl-mercury (from Thimerosal in vaccines) and methylmercury (from fish). Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.022: McCarthy M. Teens' e-cigarette use rises as spending on advertising soars, says CDC. Br Med J 2016; 352: i93. Mehling L-M, Johansen SS, Wang X, Doberentz E, Madea B, Hess C. Drug facilitated sexual assault with lethal outcome: GHB intoxication in a six-year-old girl. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: e25-e31. Ostwal S, Salins N, Deodhar J, Muckaden MA. Fentanyl-induced neurotoxicity in children. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2015; 29: 385-7. Rakovchik EE, Fein DM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and salicylate poisoning. Pediatr Rev 2016; 37: 48-50. Satish KV, Shivakumar P, Mugadlimath A. A study of fatal and non-fatal paediatric poisoning cases in Bangalore, India. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 64-7. Schoen JC, Cain MR, Robinson JA, Schiltz BM, Mannenbach MS. Adolescent presents with altered mental status and elevated anion gap after suicide attempt by ethylene glycol ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000606: Soule EK, Lipato T, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: a new smoking epidemic among the young? Curr Pulmonol Rep 2015; 4: 163-72. Sutris JM, How V, Sumeri SA, Muhammad M, Sardi D, Mohd Mokhtar MT, Muhammad H, Ghazi HF, Isa ZM.

Genotoxicity following organophosphate pesticides exposure among Orang Asli children living in an agricultural island in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Int J Occup Environ Med 2016; 7: 42-51. Tsai H-J, Liang W-C, Wang C-H, Chou P-C, Hsu J-H, Huang C-T, Jong Y-J. Botulism with unusual rapid progression to complete paralysis in a child. Pediatr Neonatol 2015; 56: 425-8. Volkow ND. Opioids in pregnancy. Br Med J 2016; 352: i19. Vuong AM, Yolton K, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Dietrich KN, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether and perfluoroalkyl substance exposures and executive function in school-age children. Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.008: White M, Zacharin MR, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. Intravenous glucagon in a deliberate insulin overdose in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17: 66-9. Wurdak M, Wolstein J, Kuntsche E. Effectiveness of a drinking-motive-tailored emergency-room intervention among adolescents admitted to hospital due to acute alcohol intoxication – A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2016; 3: 83-9. Yeter D, Portman MA, Aschner M, Farina M, Chan W-C, Hsieh K-S, Kuo H-C. Ethnic Kawasaki disease risk associated with blood mercury and cadmium in U.S. children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 101. Zeng X, Xu X, Zheng X, Reponen T, Chen A, Huo X. Heavy metals in PM2.5 and in blood, and children's respiratory symptoms and asthma from an e-waste recycling area. Environ Pollut 2016; 210: 346-53.

Poisons information and poison information centres Beauchamp GA, Mckeown NJ, Rodriguez S, Spyker DA. Relating calls to US poison centers for potential exposures to medications to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reporting of influenza-like illness. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135336: Kang AM, Brooks DE. US Poison Control Center calls for infants 6 months of age and younger. Pediatrics 2016; 137: 1-7.

Psychiatric aspects Kim K-N, Choi Y-H, Lim Y-H, Hong Y-C. Urinary phthalate metabolites and depression in an elderly population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012. Environ Res 2016; 145: 61-7. McKetin R, Dawe S, Burns R, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Teesson M, Young RM, Voce A, Saunders JB. The profile of psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine use.

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Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.018: Ordemann JM, Austin RN. Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health. Metallomics 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/c5mt00300h: Shakeri J, Farnia V, Karimi AR, Tatari F, Juibari TA, Alikhani M, Bajoghli H, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. The prevalence and clinical features of amphetamine-induced obsessive compulsive disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.034: Tom NR, Varghese GH, Alexander H, Swethalekshmi V, Ashok Kumar TR, Sivakumar T. A case report on atropine induced psychosis. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7: 387-91. Verma JK, Mohapatra S. Mirtazapine withdrawal-induced mania. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2015; 6: 214-5.

Reprotoxicity Berger A, Ziv-Gal A, Cudiamat J, Wang W, Zhou C, Flaws JA. The effects of in utero bisphenol A exposure on the ovaries in multiple generations of mice. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.004: DeFranco E, Moravec W, Xu F, Hall E, Hossain M, Haynes EN, Muglia L, Chen A. Exposure to airborne particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth: a population-based cohort study. Environ Health 2016; 15: 6. Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B. Association between use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. JAMA 2016; 315: 58-67. Qian Z, Liang S, Yang S, Trevathan E, Huang Z, Yang R, Wang J, Hu K, Zhang Y, Vaughn M, Shen L, Liu W, Li P, Ward P, Yang L, Zhang W, Chen W, Dong G, Zheng T, Xu S, Zhang B. Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 195-203. Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Graham J, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. Is carbamazepine a human teratogen? J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 34-7. Weber-Schoendorfer C, Schaefer C. Pregnancy outcome after tocilizumab therapy in early pregnancy-a case series from the German Embryotox Pharmacovigilance Center. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.01.002: Zhang J, Gao B-W, Wang J, Wang X-W, Ren Q-L, Chen J-F, Ma Q, Xing B-S. Chronic exposure to diquat causes reproductive toxicity in female mice. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0147075.

Risk assessment Barcelo D, Bennett JP. Human health and environmental risks of unconventional shale gas hydrofracking. Sci Total Environ 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.045: Berry C. The dangers of hazards. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00472A: Quijano L, Yusà V, Font G, Pardo O. Chronic cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticides through fruit and vegetables consumption in the region of Valencia (Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89: 39-46. Zentai A, Szabó IJ, Kerekes K, Ambrus Á. Risk assessment of the cumulative acute exposure of Hungarian population to organophosphorus pesticide residues with regard to consumers of plant based foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89: 67-72.

Suicide Chang S-S, Cheng Q, Lee EST, Yip PSF. Suicide by gassing in Hong Kong 2005-2013: emerging trends and characteristics of suicide by helium inhalation. J Affect Disord 2016; 192: 162-6. Gaines A, Cronin L, Hamel M. An unusual method of suicide: fluoride toxicity due to toothpaste ingestion. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144: A018. Ilgen MA, Bohnert AS, Ganoczy D, Bair MJ, McCarthy JF, Blow FC. Opioid dose and risk of suicide. Pain 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000484: Klavž J, Gorenjak M, Marinšek M. Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018: McIntyre IM, Mallett P, Stolberg S, Haas EA, Mena O. Striking increases in postmortem compared to antemortem drug concentrations in a suicidal overdose: a case report. Aust J Forensic Sci 2016; 48: 37-41. Metz TD, Rovner P, Allshouse AA, Beckwith K, Hoffman MC, Binswanger I. Maternal deaths from suicide and drug overdose in Colorado. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214: S126-S127. Nawrocka I, Kowalczys MH, Abramczyk P. Acute clenbuterol overdose manifestations in a suicide attempt – A case report. Pol Merkur Lek 2015; 39: 379-81. Schoen JC, Cain MR, Robinson JA, Schiltz BM, Mannenbach MS. Adolescent presents with altered mental status and elevated anion gap after suicide attempt by ethylene glycol ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000606:

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Sertbas M, Sertbas Y, Ordu O, Berber E, Ozen B, Ozdemir A. Myocardial injury and acute renal failure associated with lactic acidosis due to suicide attempt with metformin. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 223-5. Szymanski LJ, Aurelius MB, Szymanski SA, Lathrop SL. Suicidal drug overdoses in New Mexico: a 5-year retro-spective review. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13014: Wee JH, Park JH, Choi SP, Woo SH, Lee WJ, So BH, Park KN. Clinical features of emergency department patients with depression who had attempted to commit suicide by poisoning. Niger J Clin Pract 2016; 19: 41-5. Yoshioka E, Saijo Y, Kawachi I. Spatial and temporal evolution of the epidemic of charcoal-burning suicide in Japan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1172-0:

MANAGEMENT General Bhaumik S. Problems with treating snake bite in India. Br Med J 2016; 352: i103. Çebiçci H, Kilci AI, Bol O, Gürbüz S, Vural A, Karaca B, Çakir I. Does money spent on measuring blood levels of ac-etaminophen reduce the cost of treatment of acetaminophen poisoning? Erciyes Tip Derg 2015; 37: 125-7. Krishna PG, Girish T, Manasa C, Sagar SV, Pandey S, Vijayanaryana K, Sreedharan N, Shetty PK. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of acute organo-phosphorous pesticide poisoning from South India. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2015; 6: 826-34. Marrs TC. Treatment of cyanide poisoning associated with fires. Chapter 15 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 491-513. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Park JS, Min JH, Kim H, Lee SW, Kang JH, An JY. Four cases of successful treatment after Podostroma cornu-damae intoxication. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2016; 23: 55-9. Stewart M, Robinson A, Curran A. Improving management of paracetamol overdose: a software solution. BMJ Innov 2015; 1: 22-4. Traynor K. FDA approves therapy to treat overdose of fluorouracil, capecitabine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73: 100-2. Xu Y-Y, Zeng Q, Yao M, Yu C, Li J, Zhang A. A possible new mechanism and drug intervention for kidney damage due to arsenic poisoning in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00165J:

Ye B-J, Kim B-G, Jeon M-J, Kim S-Y, Kim H-C, Jang T-W, Chae H-J, Choi W-J, Ha M-N, Hong Y-S. Evaluation of mercury exposure level, clinical diagnosis and treatment for mercury intoxication. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28: 5.

Antidotes Bergman M, Filopei J, Ramesh N, Thomas S. Refractory shock in a diabetic – Toxic situation with an antidote. Chest 2015; 148: 372A. Buckley NA, Dawson AH, Juurlink DN, Isbister GK. Who gets antidotes? Choosing the chosen few. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12894: Kumar V, Gupta RB, Gupta S. Rationally used antidotes in organophosphorus poisoning. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 175-80.

Acetylcysteine El-Ebiary AA, Elsharkawy RE, Soliman NA, Soliman MA, Hashem AA. N-acetylcysteine in acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning: a randomized, clinical trial. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12554:

Antivenom Darvish M, Ebrahimi SA, Shahbazzadeh D, Shokrgozar MA. Camelid antivenom development and potential in vivo neutralization of Hottentotta saulcyi scorpion venom. Toxicon 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.063: Olives TD, Topeff JM, Willhite LA, Kubic VL, Keyler DE, Cole JB. Complete clinical course of envenomation by Protobothrops mangshanensis: delayed coagulopathy and response to Trimeresurus albolabris antivenom. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138227:

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy Uzkeser M, Kocak AO, Akbas I, Polat G, Kantarci M, Emet M, Aslan S. Dual-energy computed tomography shows brain ischemia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy efficacy in acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.031:

Lipid emulsion therapy Baruah U, Sahni A, Sachdeva HC. Successful management of aluminium phosphide poisoning using intravenous lipid emulsion: report of two cases. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 735-8. Hoegberg LCG, Bania TC, Lavergne V, Bailey B, Turgeon AF, Thomas SHL, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Mégarbane B, Magder S, Gosselin S, Lipid emulsion Workgroup. Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for local anesthetic toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1121270: Levine M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Stork CM, Graudins A, Chuang R, Stellpflug SJ, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S, for the AACT Lipid Emulsion Workgroup.

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Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286:

Oximes Wei Z, Liu Y-Q, Wang Y, Li W-H, Zhou X-B, Zhao J, Huang C, Li X, Liu J, Zheng Z, Li S. Novel nonquaternary reactivators showing reactivation efficiency for soman-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Lett 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.015:

Obidoxime Krishnan JKS, Arun P, Appu AP, Vijayakumar N, Figueiredo TH, Braga MFM, Baskota S, Olsen CH, Farkas N, Dagata J, Frey WH, II, Moffett JR, Namboodiri AMA. Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 64-73.

Aspartate Farooq A, Farooq A, Mehal W. Aspartate a new treatment modality in the treatment of acute liver failure and actiminophen-induced toxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S895.

Benzodiazepines Littlefield A, Lupi K, Heavner M, Stutsky M. Fixed-schedule versus symptom-triggered benzodiazepine administration in alcohol withdrawal syndrome using CIWA. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35: e285.

Curcumin Laabdar W, Elgot A, Gamrani H. The protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic system after chronic aluminium intoxication: possible link with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 22: e188.

Dexamethasone Ekerbicer N, Gurpinar T, Tarakci F, Turkoz Uluer E, Inan S. Effects of high doses of dexamethasone on hemodynamic and immunohistochemical characteristics of acute paraquat intoxication in rat kidneys. Biotech Histochem 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1109141:

Disulfiram Carroll KM, Nich C, Petry NM, Eagan DA, Shi JM, Ball SA. A randomized factorial trial of disulfiram and contingency management to enhance cognitive behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.036:

Extracorporeal treatments Mowry JB, Burdmann EA, Anseeuw K, Ayoub P, Ghannoum M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Gosselin S, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment for digoxin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 103-14.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation Khan A, Raman J, Lateef O. ECMO for shock due to drug overdose: timely transfer to ECMO capable center can save lives.

Chest 2015; 148: 197A.

Plasma exchange Manning P, Roberts R, Goyal N. Massive ibuprofen overdose treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. Chest 2015; 148: 203A.

Herbal medicines Fallah K. Treatment of acute aluminum phosphate poisoning with poor prognosis for survival using the methods of traditional medicine: a case series. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5: 7-8.

Icatibant Supervía A, Del Baño F. MDMA-induced angioedema treated with icatibant. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1137931: Wilkerson RG, Hayes BD. Letter in response to "MDMA-induced angioedema treated with icatibant". Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1137930:

Insulin Singh S, Chittivelu S. Is using high dose insulin in lieu of glucagon in beta blocker toxicity a good idea? Chest 2015; 148: 275A.

Nalmefene Mayor S. Meta-analysis finds no evidence for efficacy of nalmefene in treating alcohol dependence. Br Med J 2015; 351: h6988 .

Opioid maintenance therapy Heikman P, Sundström M, Pelander A, Ojanperä I. New psychoactive substances as part of polydrug abuse within opioid maintenance treatment revealed by comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometric urine drug screening. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31: 44-52. Yarborough BJH, Stumbo SP, McCarty D, Mertens J, Weisner C, Green CA. Methadone, buprenorphine and preferences for opioid agonist treatment: a qualitative analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.031:

Methadone Anghelescu I. Methadone for prisoners. Lancet 2016; 387: 224-5. D'Hotman D, Pugh J, Douglas T. Methadone for prisoners. Lancet 2016; 387: 224. Rich JD, McKenzie M, Larney S, Noska A, Clark J. Methadone for prisoners – Authors' reply. Lancet 2016; 387: 225. Yen C-F, Lin H-C, Wang P-W, Ko C-H, Lee K-H, Hsu C-Y, Chung K-S, Wu H, Cheng C-P.

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Heroin craving and its correlations with clinical outcome indicators in people with heroin dependence receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 65: 50-6.

Naloxone Hill L. Naloxone counseling for harm reduction and patient engagement. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35: e269-e270. Rowe C, Santos G-M, Vittinghoff E, Wheeler E, Davidson P, Coffin PO. Neighborhood-level and spatial characteristics associated with lay naloxone reversal events and opioid overdose deaths. J Urban Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11524-015-0023-8: Voelker R. Nasal spray to stop overdose. JAMA 2016; 315: 20.

Phenobarbital Cleven K, Healy L, Wei M, Koenig S, Mayo P, Narasimhan M, Oks M. Safety of phenobarbital use for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the medical intensive care unit. Chest 2015; 148: 225A.

Prothrombin complex concentrate Haesloop O, Tillick A, Nichol G, Strote J. Superwarfarin ingestion treated successfully with prothrombin complex concentrate. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34: 116.e1-116.e2. Zemrak WR, Kelley E, Kovacic NL, Mooney DM, Morris JG, MacVane C, Rosenblatt JA. Thrombotic complications following the administration of high-dose prothrombin complex concentrate for acute warfarin reversal. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.069:

Tiotropium bromide Shohrati M, Jalili M, Afshar H, Najafian B, Qazvini A, Zaeri M, Amini Harandi A, Ghanei M. Efficacy of tiotropium bromide and rehabilitation treatment on pulmonary function of patients with sulfur mustard lung injury. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17: e20026.

DRUGS General Drummer OH, Yap S. The involvement of prescribed drugs in road trauma. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 17-21. Ettore B. Adverse effects of drugs on the kidney. Eur J Intern Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2015.12.001: Fuh L, Hays H, Brown N, Shirk MB. Characterization of drug overdoses in an Ohio incarcerated population. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135338:

Khan A, Raman J, Lateef O. ECMO for shock due to drug overdose: timely transfer to ECMO capable center can save lives. Chest 2015; 148: 197A. Lazic-Mitrovic T, Mikovic Ž, Mandic V, Avramovic LH, Cecez D, Stanimirovic A, Jankovic B. Neonatal abstinence syndrome – Diagnostic dilemmas in the maternity ward. Srp Arh Celok Lek 2015; 143: 573-7. McIntyre IM, Mallett P, Stolberg S, Haas EA, Mena O. Striking increases in postmortem compared to antemortem drug concentrations in a suicidal overdose: a case report. Aust J Forensic Sci 2016; 48: 37-41. Metz TD, Rovner P, Allshouse AA, Beckwith K, Hoffman MC, Binswanger I. Maternal deaths from suicide and drug overdose in Colorado. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2016; 214: S126-S127. Ruhm CJ. Drug poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999–2012: a statistical adjustment analysis. Popul Health Metr 2016; 14: 2. Szymanski LJ, Aurelius MB, Szymanski SA, Lathrop SL. Suicidal drug overdoses in New Mexico: a 5-year retro-spective review. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13014: Wenholz DS, Luong S, Philp M, Forbes SL, Stuart BH, Drummer OH, Fu S. A study to model the post-mortem stability of 4-MMC, MDMA and BZP in putrefying remains. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 54-60.

4-aminopyridine Fil LJ, Sud P, Sattler S. A massive overdose of dalfampridine. West J Emerg Med 2015; 16: 1177-9.

Aconitine Zhao Y-T, Wang L, Yi Z. An unusual etiology for bidirectional ventricular tachycardia. Can J Cardiol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.06.024:

Acetaminophen (see paracetamol)

Amfetamines and MDMA (ecstasy) Burgueño MJ, Alonso A, Sánchez S. Amphetamines and cannabinoids testing in hair: evaluation of results from a two-year period. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 47-53. Fricks-Gleason AN, German CL, Hoonakker AJ, Friend DM, Ganesh KK, Carver AS, Hanson GR, Fleckenstein AE, Keefe KA. An acute, epitope-specific modification in the dopamine transporter associated with methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity. Synapse 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/syn.21891: McKetin R, Dawe S, Burns R, Hides L, Kavanagh DJ, Teesson M, Young RM, Voce A, Saunders JB. The profile of psychiatric symptoms exacerbated by methamphetamine use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early:

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doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.018: Mueller F, Lenz C, Steiner M, Dolder PC, Walter M, Lang UE, Liechti ME, Borgwardt S. Neuroimaging in moderate MDMA use: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 62: 21-34. Pigott C, Schomaker N, Heller J. Acute gastroparesis related to methamphetamine intoxication. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S504-S505. Rositano J, Harpas P, Kostakis C, Scott T. Supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the analysis of methylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethylamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid and blood of drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.017: Shakeri J, Farnia V, Karimi AR, Tatari F, Juibari TA, Alikhani M, Bajoghli H, Holsboer-Trachsler E, Brand S. The prevalence and clinical features of amphetamine-induced obsessive compulsive disorder. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.034: Steuer AE, Boxler MI, Stock L, Kraemer T. Inhibition potential of 3,4-methylenedioxymeth-amphetamine (MDMA) and its metabolites on the in vitro monoamine oxidase (MAO)-catalyzed deamination of the neurotransmitters serotonin and dopamine. Toxicol Lett 2016; 243: 48-55. Supervía A, Del Baño F. MDMA-induced angioedema treated with icatibant. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1137931: Wilkerson RG, Hayes BD. Letter in response to "MDMA-induced angioedema treated with icatibant". Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1137930:

Anaesthetics Hoegberg LCG, Bania TC, Lavergne V, Bailey B, Turgeon AF, Thomas SHL, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Mégarbane B, Magder S, Gosselin S, Lipid emulsion Workgroup. Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for local anesthetic toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1121270: Levine M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Stork CM, Graudins A, Chuang R, Stellpflug SJ, Morris M, Miller-Nesbitt A, Gosselin S, for the AACT Lipid Emulsion Workgroup. Systematic review of the effect of intravenous lipid emulsion therapy for non-local anesthetics toxicity. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1126286: Weinberg G, Barron G. Local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST): not gone, hopefully not forgotten. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2016; 41: 1-2.

Ropivacaine Chiew A, Raos MP, Isbister GK. Sub-mammary injection of ropivacaine resulting in severe toxicity with seizures.

Emerg Med Australas 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1742-6723.12539:

Antiarrhythmic drugs Amiodarone Sakr SA, El-Gamal EM. Effect of grapefruit juice on amiodarone induced nephro-toxicity in albino rats. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 68-75. Susa R, Lazic Z, Djokic B, Cupurdija V. Pulmonary toxicity caused by low doses of amiodarone–Case report. Chest 2015; 148: 388A.

Dronedarone Waheed SA, Patel S. Reversible dronedarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Chest 2015; 148: 409A.

Antibiotics Bactrim Sohail U, Almashhrawi A, Rahman R, Ashraf I, Nguyen D, Bechtold M. Bactrim-induced hepatotoxicity: a rare occurrence. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S350.

Ceftriaxone Calapai G, Imbesi S, Ventura-Spagnolo E, Cafeo V, Milone L, Navarra M, Gangemi S. Fatal anaphylactic shock ceftriaxone-induced in a 4-year-old child. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; 32: 32-3.

Clarithromycin Iyer G, Alexander GC. Cardiovascular risks associated with clarithromycin. Br Med J 2016; 352: i23.

Nitrofurantoin Egan A, Iyer V. From hematuria to hemoptysis: a case of nitrofurantoin toxicity. Chest 2015; 148: 283A.

Polymyxin B Severino P, Silveira EF, Vazzana M, Chaud MV, Santana MH, Souto EB. Validation of an UV spectrophotometric assay for the quantification of polymyxin B in solid lipid nanoparticles. Pharmazie 2015; 70: 693-7.

Anticoagulants Warfarin Zemrak WR, Kelley E, Kovacic NL, Mooney DM, Morris JG, MacVane C, Rosenblatt JA. Thrombotic complications following the administration of high-dose prothrombin complex concentrate for acute warfarin reversal. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.069:

Anticonvulsants Carbamazepine Matarazzo M, Galán Sánchez-Seco V, Méndez-Guerrero AJ, Gata-Maya D, Domingo-Santos Á, Ruiz-Morales J, Benito-León J.

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Drug-related eyelid nystagmus: two cases of a rare clinical phenomenon related to carbamazepine and derivatives. Clin Neuropharmacol 2016; 39: 49-50. Mittag N, Meister S, Berg AMJ, Walther UI. A case report of a carbamazepine overdose with focus on pharmacokinetic aspects. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; online early: doi: 10.1055/s-0035-1569268: Vajda FJE, O'Brien TJ, Graham J, Lander CM, Eadie MJ. Is carbamazepine a human teratogen? J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 34-7.

Gabapentin Smith RV, Havens JR, Walsh SL. Gabapentin misuse, abuse, and diversion: a systematic review. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13324:

Pregabalin Jeong S-H, Kim YS, Lee J-H, Jo H, Lee AY, Kim J-M. Transient positive horizontal head impulse test in pregabalin intoxication. J Epilepsy Res 2015; 5: 101-3.

Antidepressants dos Santos MF, Yamada A, Seulin SC, Leyton V, Pasqualucci CAG, Muñoz DR, Yonamine M. Liquid-phase microextraction and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of antidepressants in vitreous humor: study of matrix effect of human and bovine vitreous and saline solution. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv141:

Mirtazapine Verma JK, Mohapatra S. Mirtazapine withdrawal-induced mania. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2015; 6: 214-5.

Antifungal drugs Fluconazole Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B. Association between use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and risk of spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. JAMA 2016; 315: 58-67.

Antineoplastic drugs Capecitabine Meulendijks D, van Hasselt JGC, Huitema ADR, van Tinteren H, Deenen MJ, Beijnen JH, Cats A, Schellens JHM. Renal function, body surface area, and age are associated with risk of early-onset fluoropyrimidine-associated toxicity in patients treated with capecitabine-based anticancer regimens in daily clinical care. Eur J Cancer 2016; 54: 120-30.

Fluorouracil Traynor K. FDA approves therapy to treat overdose of fluorouracil, capecitabine. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2016; 73: 100-2.

Gefitinib Zheng N, Zhao C, He X-R, Jiang S-T, Han S-Y, Xu G-B, Li P-P.

Simultaneous determination of gefitinib and its major metabolites in mouse plasma by HPLC-MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetics study. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1011: 215-22.

Ibrutinib Lambert Kuhn E, Levêque D, Lioure B, Gourieux B, Bilbault P. Adverse event potentially due to an interaction between ibrutinib and verapamil: a case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41: 104-5.

Antipsychotics Clozapine Nasr Y, Ganapathy R. Treatment resistant catatonia secondary to clozapine withdrawal. Prog Neurol Psychiatry 2015; 19: 17-9.

Antituberculous drugs Isoniazid Agarwal A, Bansal R, Sharma S, Meena M, Airun M. Near fatal poisoning by isoniazid and rifampicina case report and review of literature. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 147-50. Metushi IG, Uetrecht J, Phillips E. Mechanism of isoniazid-induced hepatotoxicity: then and now. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcp.12885: Safak T, Karabulut AE, Çorbacioglu SK, Çevik Y. What is the cause of seizure: isoniazid poisoning or epidural hematoma? A case report. JAEM 2016; 7: 3-5.

Antiviral drugs Fasinu PS, Gurley BJ, Walker LA. Clinically relevant pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions in antiretroviral therapy. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 17: 52-64.

Atropine Tom NR, Varghese GH, Alexander H, Swethalekshmi V, Ashok Kumar TR, Sivakumar T. A case report on atropine induced psychosis. Int J Pharm Sci Res 2016; 7: 387-91.

Benzodiazepines Perez ER, Knapp JA, Horn CK, Stillman SL, Evans JE, Arfsten DP. Comparison of LCMS-MS and GC-MS analysis of benzodiazepine compounds included in the drug demand reduction urinalysis program. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv140:

Clonazepam Patil N, Rao NK, Kunder SK, Avinash A, Pathak A, Sori RK, Poojar B, Varghese G. Acute clonazepam poisoning: seeking death or attention? Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2015; 6: 1056-8.

Beta blockers Singh S, Chittivelu S. Is using high dose insulin in lieu of glucagon in beta blocker toxicity a good idea? Chest 2015; 148: 275A.

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Beta2 agonists Pourmand A, Dorwart K, Mazer-Amirshahi M, Nasser S, Shokoohi H. Beta agonist induced lactic acidosis, an evidence based approach to a critical question. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.085:

Caffeine Beauchamp GA, Lin T, Zeng WZD, Hendrickson RG, Gerona R. Quantitative analysis of powdered caffeine products purchased from the Internet using liquid chromatog-raphyquadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138225: Ferré S. Mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine: implications for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00213-016-4212-2: Kapp RW, Jr., Mendes O, Roy S, McQuate RS, Kraska R. General and genetic toxicology of guayusa concentrate (Ilex guayusa ). Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581815625594:

Calcium channel blockers Verapamil Lambert Kuhn E, Levêque D, Lioure B, Gourieux B, Bilbault P. Adverse event potentially due to an interaction between ibrutinib and verapamil: a case report. J Clin Pharm Ther 2016; 41: 104-5.

Cannabis (marijuana) Alonso JV, Theo B, Javier Fonseca del Pozo F, Aguayo MA, Sanchez A. Brugada electrocardiogram pattern induced by cannabis; is cannabis safe? Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.081: Burgueño MJ, Alonso A, Sánchez S. Amphetamines and cannabinoids testing in hair: evaluation of results from a two-year period. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 47-53. de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KPC, Evers EA, Stiers P, Toennes SW, Witteman J, van Dalen W, Ramaekers JG. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication. Addict Biol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/adb.12351: Di Napoli M, Zha AM, Godoy DA, Masotti L, Schreuder FHBM, Popa-Wagner A, Behrouz R. Prior cannabis use Is associated with outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage. Cerebrovasc Dis 2016; 41: 248-55. Dinis-Oliveira RJ. Metabolomics of 9-tetrahydrocannabinol: implications in toxicity. Drug Metab Rev 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/03602532.2015.1137307: Duvivier WF, Peeters RJP, van Beek TA, Nielen MWF.

Evidence based decontamination protocols for the removal of external 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) from contaminated hair. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 110-8. Ettlinger J, Yegles M. Influence of thermal hair straightening on cannabis and cocaine content in hair. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 13-6. Fogel JS, Kelly TH, Westgate PM, Lile JA. Sex differences in the subjective effects of oral -THC in cannabis users. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.01.007: Lee DC, Crosier BS, Borodovsky JT, Sargent JD, Budney AJ. Online survey characterizing vaporizer use among cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.020: Roffman R. Legalization of cannabis in Washington State: how is it going? Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13247: Rositano J, Harpas P, Kostakis C, Scott T. Supported liquid extraction (SLE) for the analysis of methylamphetamine, methylenedioxymethylamphetamine and delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid and blood of drivers. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.017: Wilkinson ST, Yarnell S, Radhakrishnan R, Ball SA, D'Souza DC. Marijuana legalization: Impact on physicians and public health. Annu Rev Med 2016; 67: 453-66.

Chenodeoxycholic acid Huidekoper HH, Vaz FM, Verrips A, Bosch AM. Hepatotoxicity due to chenodeoxycholic acid supplementation in an infant with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis: implications for treatment. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175: 143-6.

Clenbuterol Nawrocka I, Kowalczys MH, Abramczyk P. Acute clenbuterol overdose manifestations in a suicide attempt – A case report. Pol Merkur Lek 2015; 39: 379-81.

Cocaine Almaddah N, Ajayi TO. Cocaine-induced coronary-artery vasospasm. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: e5. Carroll KM, Nich C, Petry NM, Eagan DA, Shi JM, Ball SA. A randomized factorial trial of disulfiram and contingency management to enhance cognitive behavioral therapy for cocaine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.036: D'Avila FB, Ferreira PCL, Salazar FR, Pereira AG, dos Santos MK, Pechansky F, Limberger RP, Fröehlich PE. Analysis of cocaine/crack biomarkers in meconium by LCMS. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 113-7.

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de Oliveira Silveira G, Belitsky ÍT, Loddi S, Rodrigues de Oliveira CD, Zucoloto AD, Fruchtengarten LVG, Yonamine M. Development of a method for the determination of cocaine, cocaethylene and nococaine in human breast milk using liquid phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 22-8. Ellefsen KN, Concheiro M, Pirard S, Gorelick DA, Huestis MA. Oral fluid cocaine and benzoylecgonine concentrations following controlled intravenous cocaine administration. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.013: Ettlinger J, Yegles M. Influence of thermal hair straightening on cannabis and cocaine content in hair. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 13-6. Indorato F, Romano G, Barbera N. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: two fatal case reports and evaluation of possible cocaine toxicity potentiation. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.005: Karch SB, Busardò FP, Vaiano F, Portelli F, Zaami S, Bertol E. Levamisole adulterated cocaine and pulmonary vasculitis: presentation of two lethal cases and brief literature review. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.015: Lamia R, El Ati Z, Fatma LB, Zouaghi K, Smaoui W, Rania K, Krid M, Hmida FB, Béji S, Moussa FB. Malignant hypertension-associated thrombotic micro-angiopathy following cocaine use. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2016; 27: 153-6. Singh M, Keer D, Klimas J, Wood E, Werb D. Topiramate for cocaine dependence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13328:

Colchicine Nemer L, Yearsley M, Hart P. Colchicine toxicity: an unusual cause of chronic nausea and abdominal pain. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S453.

Designer drugs Heikman P, Sundström M, Pelander A, Ojanperä I. New psychoactive substances as part of polydrug abuse within opioid maintenance treatment revealed by comprehensive high-resolution mass spectrometric urine drug screening. Hum Psychopharmacol 2016; 31: 44-52. Klavž J, Gorenjak M, Marinšek M. Suicide attempt with a mix of synthetic cannabinoids and synthetic cathinones: case report of non-fatal intoxication with AB-CHMINACA, AB-FUBINACA, alpha-PHP, alpha-PVP and 4-CMC. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.018: Lung D, Wilson N, Chatenet F-T, LaCroix C, Gerona R. Non-targeted screening for novel psychoactive substances among agitated emergency department patients. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139714:

Qian Z, Hua Z, Liu C, Jia W. Four types of cannabimimetic indazole and indole derivatives, ADB-BINACA, AB-FUBICA, ADB-FUBICA, and AB-BICA, identified as new psychoactive substances. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 133-43. Shah B, Heaps T. Legal highs, lethal lows. Acute Med 2015; 14: 188-92.

Mephedrone Ciudad-Roberts A, Duart-Castells L, Camarasa J, Pubill D, Escubedo E. The combination of ethanol with mephedrone increases the signs of neurotoxicity and impairs neurogenesis and learning in adolescent CD-1 mice. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 293: 10-20.

Phenethylamines Burrai L, Nieddu M, Carta A, Trignano C, Sanna R, Boatto G. Validated LCMS-MS method for multiresidual analysis of 13 illicit phenethylamines in amniotic fluid. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv143: Inoue H, Negishi S, Nakazono Y, Iwata YT, Tsujikawa K, Ohtsuru O, Miyamoto K, Yamashita T, Kasuya F. Differentiation of ring-substituted bromoamphetamine analogs by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 125-32. Poklis JL, Wolf CE, Poklis A. 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and urine from an intoxicated patient with life-threatening hyperpyrexia. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv139:

Synthetic cannabinoids Angerer V, Franz F, Schwarze B, Moosmann B, Auwärter V. Reply to 'Sudden cardiac death following use of the synthetic cannabinoid MDMB-CHMICA'. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw004: Cannizzaro C, Malta G, Argo A, Brancato A, Roda G, Casagni E, Fumagalli L, Valoti E, Froldi R, Procaccianti P, Gambaro V. Behavioural and pharmacological characterization of a novel cannabinomimetic adamantane-derived indole, apica, and considerations on the possible misuse as a psychotropic spice abuse, in C57bl/6 J mice. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 6-12. Diao X, Scheidweiler KB, Wohlfarth A, Pang S, Kronstrand R, Huestis MA. In vitro and In vivo human metabolism of synthetic cannabinoids FDU-PB-22 and FUB-PB-22. AAPS J 2016; online early: doi: 10.1208/s12248-016-9867-4: Ford LT, Berg JD. 1-adamantylamine a simple urine marker for screening for third generation adamantyl-type synthetic cannabinoids by UPLC-MS/MS. Ann Clin Biochem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0004563216628892: Kasper AM, Ridpath AD, Arnold JK, Chatham-Stephens K, Morrison M, Olayinka O, Parker C, Galli R, Cox R, Preacely N, Anderson J, Kyle PB, Gerona R, Martin C, Schier J, Wolkin A, Dobbs T.

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Severe illness associated with reported use of synthetic cannabinoids – Mississippi, April 2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64: 1121-2. Knittel JL, Holler JM, Chmiel JD, Vorce SP, Magluilo J, Jr., Levine B, Ramos G, Bosy TZ. Analysis of parent synthetic cannabinoids in blood and urinary metabolites by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv137: Labay LM, Caruso JL, Gilson TP, Phipps RJ, Knight LD, Lemos NP, McIntyre IM, Stoppacher R, Tormos LM, Weins AL, Williams E, Logan BK. Synthetic cannabinoid drug use as a cause or contributory cause of death. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 31-9. Mardal M, Gracia-Lor E, Leibnitz S, Castiglioni S, Meyer MR. Toxicokinetics of new psychoactive substances: plasma protein binding, metabolic stability, and human phase I metabolism of the synthetic cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 studied using in vitro tools and LC-HR-MS/MS. Drug Test Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/dta.1938: McIlroy G, Ford L, Khan JM. Acute myocardial infarction, associated with the use of a synthetic adamantyl-cannabinoid: a case report. BMC Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; 17: 2. Orsini J, Blaak C, Tam E, Rajayer S, Morante J, Yeh A, Butala A. The wide and unpredictable scope of synthetic cannabinoids toxicity. Case Rep Crit Care 2015; 2015: 542490. Paulke A, Proschak E, Sommer K, Achenbach J, Wunder C, Toennes SW. Synthetic cannabinoids: in silico prediction of the cannabinoid receptor 1 affinity by a quantitative structure-activity relationship model. Toxicol Lett 2016; 245: 1-6. Shanks KG, Clark W, Behonick G. Death associated with the use of the synthetic cannabinoid ADB-FUBINACA. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkv142:

Synthetic cathinones Ellefsen KN, Wohlfarth A, Swortwood MJ, Diao X, Concheiro M, Huestis MA. 4-Methoxy--PVP: in silico prediction, metabolic stability, and metabolite identification by human hepatocyte incubation and high-resolution mass spectrometry. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 61-75. Kerrigan S, Savage M, Cavazos C, Bella P. Thermal degradation of synthetic cathinones: implications for forensic toxicology. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 1-11. Majchrzak M, Rojkiewicz M, Celinski R, Kus P, Sajewicz M. Identification and characterization of new designer drug 4-fluoro-PV9 and -PHP in the seized materials. Forensic Toxicol 2016; 34: 115-24.

Digoxin Mowry JB, Burdmann EA, Anseeuw K, Ayoub P, Ghannoum M, Hoffman RS, Lavergne V, Nolin TD, Gosselin S, on behalf of the EXTRIP workgroup. Extracorporeal treatment for digoxin poisoning: systematic review and recommendations from the EXTRIP Workgroup. Clin Toxicol 2016; 54: 103-14.

Ethylphenidate Maskell PD, Smith PR, Cole R, Hikin L, Morley SR. Seven fatalities associated with ethylphenidate. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 70-4.

Gamma hydroxybutyrate Busardò FP. The importance of hair testing in GHB facilitated sexual assault cases. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.020: Criado-García L, Ruszkiewicz DM, Eiceman GA, Thomas CLP. A rapid and non-invasive method to determine toxic levels of alcohols and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in saliva samples by gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry. J Breath Res 2016; 10: 017101. Mehling L-M, Johansen SS, Wang X, Doberentz E, Madea B, Hess C. Drug facilitated sexual assault with lethal outcome: GHB intoxication in a six-year-old girl. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: e25-e31. Shi Y, Cui X, Shen M, Xiang P. Quantitative analysis of the endogenous GHB level in the hair of the Chinese population using GC/MS/MS. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; 39: 10-5.

Glucocorticoids Donatelli C, Khan N, Wiesen J, Tonelli A, Sahoo D, Culver D. Glucocorticoid toxicity is common in sarcoidosis. Chest 2015; 148: 417A.

Herbal medicines, ethnic remedies and dietary supplements Cioccari L, Gautschi M, Etter R, Weck A, Takala J. Further concerns about glutamine: a case report on hyperammonemic encephalopathy. Crit Care Med 2015; 43: e458-e460. Corey R, Werner KT, Singer A, Moss A, Smith M, Noelting J, Rakela J. Acute liver failure associated with Garcinia cambogia use. Ann Hepatol 2016; 15: 123-6. Danan G, Teschke R. RUCAM in drug and herb induced liver injury: the update. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 17: 14. Fasinu PS, Gurley BJ, Walker LA. Clinically relevant pharmacokinetic herb-drug interactions in antiretroviral therapy. Curr Drug Metab 2016; 17: 52-64. Lesiak AD, Cody RB, Ubukata M, Musah RA. Direct analysis in real time high resolution mass spectrometry as a tool for rapid characterization of mind-altering plant materials and revelation of supplement adulteration–the case of Kanna. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 66-73.

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Mcgill MR, Du K, Weemhoff JL, Jaeschke H. Critical review of resveratrol in xenobiotic-induced hepato-toxicity. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86: 309-18. Patel D, Mohammed A, Basu A, Asija A, Jain S, Pawar AS, Danilewitz M. Goldenseal root powder (Hydrastis canadensis) associated hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S368-S369. Pollak PT. Herbal cardiotoxicity: can mother nature hurt the heart? Can J Cardiol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.08.024: Shi J, Cao B, Wang X-W, Aa J-Y, Duan J-A, Zhu X-X, Wang G-J, Liu C-X. Metabolomics and its application to the evaluation of the efficacy and toxicity of traditional Chinese herb medicines. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.10.014: Shimshoni JA, Duebecke A, Mulder PPJ, Cuneah O, Barel S. Pyrrolizidine and tropane alkaloids in teas and the herbal teas peppermint, rooibos and chamomile in the Israeli market. Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess 2015; 32: 2058-67. Tankeu S, Vermaak I, Chen W, Sandasi M, Viljoen A. Differentiation between two "fang ji" herbal medicines, Stephania tetrandra and the nephrotoxic Aristolochia fangchi, using hyperspectral imaging. Phytochemistry 2016; 122: 213-22.

Heroin (diacetylmorphine) Grass G, Ahrens B, Schleenbecker U, Dobrzykowski L, Wagner M, Krüger C, Wölfel R. Technical Note: Simple, scalable, and sensitive protocol for retrieving Bacillus anthracis (and other live bacteria) from heroin. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 32-5. Nordt SP, Camilon M. Computed tomography following body stuffing heroin. West J Emerg Med 2015; 16: 1181-2. Yen C-F, Lin H-C, Wang P-W, Ko C-H, Lee K-H, Hsu C-Y, Chung K-S, Wu H, Cheng C-P. Heroin craving and its correlations with clinical outcome indicators in people with heroin dependence receiving methadone maintenance treatment. Compr Psychiatry 2016; 65: 50-6.

Hydroxychloroquine Brandao LM, Palmowski-Wolfe AM. A possible early sign of hydroxychloroquine macular toxicity. Doc Ophthalmol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s10633-015-9521-y:

Hypoglycaemic drugs Metformin Bergman M, Filopei J, Ramesh N, Thomas S. Refractory shock in a diabetic - Toxic situation with an antidote. Chest 2015; 148: 372A. Dayanand S, Dayanand P, Martinez J, Monzel M.

A rare case series demonstrating the mixed pattern of metformin induced hepatotoxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S399. DeFronzo R, Fleming GA, Chen K, Bicsak TA. Metformin-associated lactic acidosis: current perspectives on causes and risk. Metab Clin Exp 2016; 65: 20-9. Moioli A, Maresca B, Manzione A, Napoletano AM, Coclite D, Pirozzi N, Punzo G, Menè P. Metformin associated lactic acidosis (MALA): clinical profiling and management. J Nephrol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s40620-016-0267-8: Sertbas M, Sertbas Y, Ordu O, Berber E, Ozen B, Ozdemir A. Myocardial injury and acute renal failure associated with lactic acidosis due to suicide attempt with metformin. J Pak Med Assoc 2016; 66: 223-5.

Ibogaine Litjens RPW, Brunt TM. How toxic is ibogaine? Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138226:

Immunosuppressants Tocilizumab Weber-Schoendorfer C, Schaefer C. Pregnancy outcome after tocilizumab therapy in early pregnancy-a case series from the German Embryotox Pharmacovigilance Center. Reprod Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2016.01.002:

Insulin Karatas F, Sahin S, Karatas HG, Karsli PB, Emre C, Kivrakoglu F. The highest (3600 IU) reported overdose of insulin glargine ever and management. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 750-1. Singh S, Chittivelu S. Is using high dose insulin in lieu of glucagon in beta blocker toxicity a good idea? Chest 2015; 148: 275A. White M, Zacharin MR, Werther GA, Cameron FJ. Intravenous glucagon in a deliberate insulin overdose in an adolescent with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Diabetes 2016; 17: 66-9.

Levamisole Indorato F, Romano G, Barbera N. Levamisole-adulterated cocaine: two fatal case reports and evaluation of possible cocaine toxicity potentiation. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.005: Karch SB, Busardò FP, Vaiano F, Portelli F, Zaami S, Bertol E. Levamisole adulterated cocaine and pulmonary vasculitis: presentation of two lethal cases and brief literature review. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.015:

Lithium Chen Y, Zheng L, Liu W, Li H, Yu S, Chen Q, Pan B, Yu H, Yu R.

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Electrocardiographic changes caused by lithium intoxication in an elderly patient. Springerplus 2016; 5: 10. Pigatto PD, Dell'Osso B, Guzzi G. Lithium overdosage and related tests. Int J Bipolar Disord 2016; 4: 1.

Loperamide Lasoff DR, Schneir A. Ventricular dysrhythmias from loperamide misuse. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.017:

Methotrexate Severin MJ, Trebucobich MS, Buszniez P, Brandoni A, Torres AM. The urinary excretion of an organic anion transporter as an early biomarker of methotrexate-induced kidney injury. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00436E:

Nicotine Clancy L, Babineau K. E-cigarettes: effective cessation tools or public health threat? QJM 2016; 109: 79-81. El.Golli N, Dkhili H, Dallagi Y, Rahali D, Lasram M, Bini-Dhouib I, Lebret M, Rosa J-P, El Fazaa S, Asmi MAE. Comparison between electronic cigarette refill liquid and nicotine on metabolic parameters in rats. Life Sci 2016; 146: 131-8. Etter J-F. A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003: Farrimond H. E-cigarette regulation and policy: UK vapers' perspectives. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13322: Flora JW, Meruva N, Huang CB, Wilkinson CT, Ballentine R, Smith DC, Werley MS, McKinney WJ. Characterization of potential impurities and degradation products in electronic cigarette formulations and aerosols. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74: 1-11. McCarthy M. Teens' e-cigarette use rises as spending on advertising soars, says CDC. Br Med J 2016; 352: i93. Patterson C, Hilton S, Weishaar H. Who thinks what about e-cigarette regulation? A content analysis of UK newspapers. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13320: Walele T, Sharma G, Savioz R, Martin C, Williams J. A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: safety and subjective effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74: 193-9.

NSAIDs Bozimowski G. A review of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. AANA J 2015; 83: 425-33.

Rakovchik EE, Fein DM. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and salicylate poisoning. Pediatr Rev 2016; 37: 48-50.

Ibuprofen Manning P, Roberts R, Goyal N. Massive ibuprofen overdose treated with therapeutic plasma exchange. Chest 2015; 148: 203A.

Opioids Bohnert AS, Logan JE, Ganoczy D, Dowell D. A detailed exploration into the association of prescribed opioid dosage and overdose deaths among patients with chronic pain. Med Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000000505: Hill L. Naloxone counseling for harm reduction and patient engagement. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35: e269-e270. Ilgen MA, Bohnert AS, Ganoczy D, Bair MJ, McCarthy JF, Blow FC. Opioid dose and risk of suicide. Pain 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000484: Liu Y, Li X, Xu A, Nasser AF, Heidbreder C. Simultaneous determination of buprenorphine, nor-buprenorphine and naloxone in human plasma by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 120: 142-52. Rowe C, Santos G-M, Behar E, Coffin PO. Correlates of overdose risk perception among illicit opioid users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.018: Rowe C, Santos G-M, Vittinghoff E, Wheeler E, Davidson P, Coffin PO. Neighborhood-level and spatial characteristics associated with lay naloxone reversal events and opioid overdose deaths. J Urban Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11524-015-0023-8: Viaene J, Lanckmans K, Dejaegher B, Mangelings D, Vander Heyden Y. Comparison of a triple-quadrupole and a quadrupole time-of-flight mass analyzer to quantify 16 opioids in human plasma. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.12.055: Voelker R. Nasal spray to stop overdose. JAMA 2016; 315: 20. Volkow ND. Opioids in pregnancy. Br Med J 2016; 352: i19.

Buprenorphine Coker J, McLeod C, Narayanan S, David T, Ritchie J, Mancino M, Stowe Z. Buprenorphine during pregnancy: clearance, fetal exposure and neonatal outcomes. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40: S422-S423.

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Gervais JR, Hobbs GA. Use of an acetyl derivative to improve GC-MS determination of norbuprenorphine in the presence of high concentrations of buprenorphine in urine. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw001:

Embutramide Lajtai A, Mayer M, Lakatos Á, Porpáczy Z, Miseta A. Embutramide, a component of Tanax®(T-61) as a new drug of abuse? J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13010:

Fentanyl Helander A, Bäckberg M, Beck O. Intoxications involving the fentanyl analogs acetylfentanyl, 4-methoxybutyrfentanyl and furanylfentanyl: results from the Swedish STRIDA project. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139715: Ostwal S, Salins N, Deodhar J, Muckaden MA. Fentanyl-induced neurotoxicity in children. J Pain Palliat Care Pharmacother 2015; 29: 385-7.

Methadone Lusetti M, Licata M, Silingardi E, Bonetti LR, Palmiere C. Therapeutic and recreational methadone cardiotoxicity. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.016:

Morphine Jafari-Nodoushan M, Barzin J, Mobedi H. A stability-Indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of morphine and naltrexone. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1011: 163-70.

Naltrexone Jafari-Nodoushan M, Barzin J, Mobedi H. A stability-indicating HPLC method for simultaneous determination of morphine and naltrexone. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1011: 163-70.

Tapentadol Dart RC, Surratt HL, Le Lait M-C, Stivers Y, Bebarta VS, Freifeld CC, Brownstein JS, Burke JJ, Kurtz SP, Dasgupta N. Diversion and illicit sale of extended release tapentadol in the United States. Pain Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1093/pm/pnv032:

Tramadol Hassanian-Moghaddam H, Farnaghi F, Rahimi M. Tramadol overdose and apnea in hospitalized children, a review of 20 cases. Res Pharm Sci 2015; 10: 544-52.

Paracetamol (acetaminophen) Abdelghani R, Daray R, Kosztowski A, Brierre S. Methemoglobinemia secondary to massive acute ac-etaminophen toxicity. Chest 2015; 148: 288A. Çebiçci H, Kilci AI, Bol O, Gürbüz S, Vural A, Karaca B, Çakir I. Does money spent on measuring blood levels of acetaminophen reduce the cost of treatment of ac-etaminophen poisoning? Erciyes Tip Derg 2015; 37: 125-7.

Farooq A, Farooq A, Mehal W. Aspartate a new treatment modality in the treatment of acute liver failure and actiminophen-induced toxicity. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S895. Johnson S, Szyskowski K, Alcenius G, VanStee E. Reducing the risk of acetaminophen overdose in hospitalized patients. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35: e220-e221. Molloy P, Chambers R, Cork T. How well are national guidelines relating to the general sales of aspirin and paracetamol, adhered to by retail stores: a mystery shopper study. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e010081. Seifert SA, Kovnat D, Anderson VE, Green JL, Dart RC, Heard KJ. Acute hepatotoxicity associated with therapeutic doses of intravenous acetaminophen. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1134798: Sharma N, Cappell MS, Mehta D, Sao R, Bhalala M, Israel Y, Mittal V, Haq KF, Lebovics E. Trends in incidence, management, and outcomes of acetaminophen overdose in the United States. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S974-S975. Stewart M, Robinson A, Curran A. Improving management of paracetamol overdose: a software solution. BMJ Innov 2015; 1: 22-4. Xie W, Jiang Z, Wang J, Zhang X, Melzig MF. Protective effect of hyperoside against acetaminophen (APAP) induced liver injury through enhancement of APAP clearance. Chem Biol Interact 2016; 246: 11-9.

Phosphate enema Balaban DH, Galt DJB, Wagner D, McNamara S. Adverse events associated with sodium phosphate (saline) enema in adults: a 46-year database and clinical survey. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S929-S930.

Prothrombin complex concentrate Zemrak WR, Kelley E, Kovacic NL, Mooney DM, Morris JG, MacVane C, Rosenblatt JA. Thrombotic complications following the administration of high-dose prothrombin complex concentrate for acute warfarin reversal. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.069:

Psychotropic drugs AL-Abdallat E, Al Ali R, Hudaib A, Salameh GAM, Salameh RJM, Idhair AK. The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008 – 2014. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.018: Chisolm MS, Payne JL. Management of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy. Br Med J 2016; 352: h5918.

Salicylate Molloy P, Chambers R, Cork T.

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How well are national guidelines relating to the general sales of aspirin and paracetamol, adhered to by retail stores: a mystery shopper study. BMJ Open 2016; 6: e010081.

SSRIs Citalopram Hutton LMJ, Cave AJ, St-Jean R, Banh HL. Should we be worried about QTc prolongation using citalopram? A review. J Pharm Pract 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0897190015624862:

Substance abuse Cohn A, Johnson A, Ehlke S, Villanti AC. Characterizing substance use and mental health profiles of cigar, blunt, and non-blunt marijuana users from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.017: Ferré S. Mechanisms of the psychostimulant effects of caffeine: implications for substance use disorders. Psychopharmacology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00213-016-4212-2: Gjerde H, Nordfjærn T, Bretteville-Jensen AL, Edland-Gryt M, Furuhaugen H, Karinen R, Øiestad EL. Comparison of drugs used by nightclub patrons and criminal offenders in Oslo, Norway. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 1-5. Klupczynska A, Derezinski P, Krysztofiak J, Kokot ZJ. Estimation of drug abuse in 9 Polish cities by wastewater analysis. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 260: 14-21. Lajtai A, Mayer M, Lakatos Á, Porpáczy Z, Miseta A. Embutramide, a component of Tanax®(T-61) as a new drug of abuse? J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13010: Smith RV, Havens JR, Walsh SL. Gabapentin misuse, abuse, and diversion: a systematic review. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13324:

Theophylline Dakkak M, Gupta A, Antoun P, Miller A. Takotsubo cariomyopathy secondary to theophylline toxicity: old drug with new side effect. Chest 2015; 148: 77A.

Thyroxine Vidhyalogini T, Shanthi B, Devi AJM, Selvi VSK. Massive thyroxine poisoning: a case report and discussion. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2015; 6: 264-6.

Vaccines Marques RC, Abreu L, Bernardi JVE, Dórea JG. Neurodevelopment of Amazonian children exposed to ethyl-mercury (from Thimerosal in vaccines) and methylmercury (from fish). Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.022:

Veterinary products Baynes RE, Dedonder K, Kissell L, Mzyk D, Marmulak T, Smith G, Tell L, Gehring R, Davis J, Riviere JE. Health concerns and management of select veterinary drug residues. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 88: 112-22.

Vitamins Nicotinamide Conze DB, Crespo-Barreto J, Kruger CL. Safety assessment of nicotinamide riboside, a form of vitamin B3. Hum Exp Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/0960327115626254:

CHEMICAL INCIDENTS AND POLLUTION Air pollution Capobussi M, Tettamanti R, Marcolin L, Piovesan L, Bronzin S, Gattoni ME, Polloni I, Sabatino G, Tersalvi CA, Auxilia F, Castaldi S. Air pollution impact on pregnancy outcomes in Como, Italy. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 47-52. DeFranco E, Moravec W, Xu F, Hall E, Hossain M, Haynes EN, Muglia L, Chen A. Exposure to airborne particulate matter during pregnancy is associated with preterm birth: a population-based cohort study. Environ Health 2016; 15: 6. McAllister JL. Health effects in groups exposed to wildland and urban fires. Chapter 17 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 535-51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Qian Z, Liang S, Yang S, Trevathan E, Huang Z, Yang R, Wang J, Hu K, Zhang Y, Vaughn M, Shen L, Liu W, Li P, Ward P, Yang L, Zhang W, Chen W, Dong G, Zheng T, Xu S, Zhang B. Ambient air pollution and preterm birth: a prospective birth cohort study in Wuhan, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 195-203. Rohr A, McDonald J. Health effects of carbon-containing particulate matter: focus on sources and recent research program results. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; 46: 97-137. Umukoro PE, Cavallari JM, Fang SC, Lu C, Lin X, Mittleman MA, Christiani DC. Short-term metal particulate exposures decrease cardiac acceleration and deceleration capacities in welders: a repeated-measures panel study. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73: 91-6. Zeng X, Xu X, Zheng X, Reponen T, Chen A, Huo X. Heavy metals in PM2.5 and in blood, and children's respiratory symptoms and asthma from an e-waste recycling area. Environ Pollut 2016; 210: 346-53.

Exhaust fumes Girguis MS, Strickland MJ, Hu X, Liu Y, Bartell SM, Vieira VM. Maternal exposure to traffic-related air pollution and birth defects in Massachusetts.

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Environ Res 2016; 146: 1-9. Kachuri L, Villeneuve P, Parent M-É, Johnson KC, the Canadian Cancer Registries Epidemiology Research Group, Harris SA. Workplace exposure to diesel and gasoline engine exhausts and the risk of colorectal cancer in Canadian men. Environ Health 2016; 15: 4.

Pollution and hazardous waste Christensen KY, Thompson BA, Werner M, Malecki K, Imm P, Anderson HA. Levels of persistent contaminants in relation to fish consumption among older male anglers in Wisconsin. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 184-94. Debost-Legrand A, Warembourg C, Massart C, Chevrier C, Bonvallot N, Monfort C, Rouget F, Bonnet F, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate pesticides, and markers of glucose metabolism at birth. Environ Res 2016; 146: 207-17.

CHEMICALS General Barcelo D, Bennett JP. Human health and environmental risks of unconventional shale gas hydrofracking. Sci Total Environ 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.12.045: Berry C. The dangers of hazards. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00472A: Murray V. Providing advice to those exposed to combustion products. Chapter 20 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 605-27. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Pallocca G, Grinberg M, Henry M, Frickey T, Hengstler JG, Waldmann T, Sachinidis A, Rahnenführer J, Leist M. Identification of transcriptome signatures and biomarkers specific for potential developmental toxicants inhibiting human neural crest cell migration. Arch Toxicol 2015; 90: 159-80. Stein CR, Wallenstein S, Shapiro M, Hashim D, Moline JM, Udasin I, Crane MA, Luft BJ, Lucchini RG, Holden WL. Mortality among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers, 2002-2011. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 87-95. Tang M, Xu C, Lin N, Yin S, Zhang Y, Yu X, Liu W. Toxic effects of trace elements on newborns and their birth outcomes. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550: 73-9.

Acrylamide Gao J, Zhao Y, Zhu F, Ma Y, Li X, Miao H, Wu Y. Dietary exposure of acrylamide from the fifth Chinese Total Diet Study. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 87: 97-102.

Alcohol (ethanol) AL-Abdallat E, Al Ali R, Hudaib A, Salameh GAM, Salameh RJM, Idhair AK.

The prevalence of alcohol and psychotropic drugs in fatalities of road-traffic accidents in Jordan during 2008 – 2014. J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.018: Baška T, Kl'ucková B, Komáreková I, Straka L'. Structure of deaths associated with heavy alcohol use and their contribution to general mortality in Northwest Slovakia. Int J Public Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00038-015-0779-3: Boogaerts T, Covaci A, Kinyua J, Neels H, van Nuijs ALN. Spatial and temporal trends in alcohol consumption in Belgian cities: a wastewater-based approach. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.002: Buckley L, Chapman RL, Lewis I. A systematic review of intervening to prevent driving while intoxicated: the problem of driving while intoxicated (DWI). Subst Use Misuse 2016; 51: 104-12. Cleven K, Healy L, Wei M, Koenig S, Mayo P, Narasimhan M, Oks M. Safety of phenobarbital use for alcohol withdrawal syndrome in the medical intensive care unit. Chest 2015; 148: 225A. Criado-García L, Ruszkiewicz DM, Eiceman GA, Thomas CLP. A rapid and non-invasive method to determine toxic levels of alcohols and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid in saliva samples by gas chromatography-differential mobility spectrometry. J Breath Res 2016; 10: 017101. de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KPC, Evers EA, Stiers P, Toennes SW, Witteman J, van Dalen W, Ramaekers JG. Brain reactivity to alcohol and cannabis marketing during sobriety and intoxication. Addict Biol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/adb.12351: Koscielniak B, Tomasik PJ. Children with alcohol intoxication in Cracow, Poland. J Addict Dis 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/10550887.2015.1136493: Littlefield A, Lupi K, Heavner M, Stutsky M. Fixed-schedule versus symptom-triggered benzodiazepine administration in alcohol withdrawal syndrome using CIWA. Pharmacotherapy 2015; 35: e285. Magrys SA, Olmstead MC. Acute stress increases voluntary consumption of alcohol in undergraduates. Alcohol Alcohol 2015; 50: 213-8. Martin RJ, Chaney BH, Vail-Smith K, Gallucci AR. Hazardous drinking and weight-conscious drinking behaviors in a sample of college students and college student athletes. Subst Abus 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/08897077.2016.1142922: Mayor S. Meta-analysis finds no evidence for efficacy of nalmefene in treating alcohol dependence. Br Med J 2015; 351: h6988 . Monteiro C, Proença P, Tavares C, Castañera A, Real FC. Interference of anesthetics in blood alcohol analysis by HS-GC-FID: a case report. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 65-9.

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Petkovic S, Palic K, Samojlik I. Blood alcohol concentration in fatally injured drivers and the efficacy of alcohol policies of the new law on road traffic safety – a retrospective 10-year study in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Traffic Inj Prev 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15389588.2015.1125479: Sebastian KM, Raphael KL, Kumar MS. An unusual case of alcohol intoxication. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S443. Siciliano V, Mezzasalma L, Scalese M, Doveri C, Molinaro S. Drinking and driving among Italian adolescents: trends over seven years (2007–2013). Accid Anal Prev 2015; 88: 97-104. Sonoo T, Iwai S, Inokuchi R, Gunshin M, Nakajima S, Yahagi N. Quantitative analysis of high plasma lactate concentration in the emergency department patients after alcohol intake. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.021: Wurdak M, Wolstein J, Kuntsche E. Effectiveness of a drinking-motive-tailored emergency-room intervention among adolescents admitted to hospital due to acute alcohol intoxication – A randomized controlled trial. Prev Med Rep 2016; 3: 83-9.

Aluminium phosphate Fallah K. Treatment of acute aluminum phosphate poisoning with poor prognosis for survival using the methods of traditional medicine: a case series. Avicenna J Phytomed 2015; 5: 7-8.

Asbestos Cyphert JM, McGee MA, Nyska A, Schladweiler MC, Kodavvanti UP, Gavett SH. Long-term toxicity of naturally occurring asbestos in male Fischer 344 rats. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1099123:

Batteries Bakshi SS, Coumare VN, Priya M, Kumar S. Long-term complications of button batteries in the nose. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.10.041:

Benzene Carbonari D, Chiarella P, Mansi A, Pigini D, Iavicoli S, Tranfo G. Biomarkers of susceptibility following benzene exposure: influence of genetic polymorphisms on benzene metabolism and health effects. Biomark Med 2016; 10: 145-63. Fenga C, Gangemi S, Giambò F, Tsitsimpikou C, Golokhvast K, Tsatsakis A, Costa C. Low-dose occupational exposure to benzene and signal transduction pathways involved in the regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress. Life Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.12.025:

Bisphenol A Berger A, Ziv-Gal A, Cudiamat J, Wang W, Zhou C, Flaws JA.

The effects of in utero bisphenol A exposure on the ovaries in multiple generations of mice. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.004:

Carbon monoxide Ahmed N, Goldring R, Berger K. Diagnosis of carbon monoxide poisoning: which oxygen saturation is correct. Chest 2015; 148: 760A. Chan MY, Au TTS, Leung KS, Yan WW. Acute carbon monoxide poisoning in a regional hospital in Hong Kong: historical cohort study. Hong Kong Med J 2016; 22: 46-55. Falkowitz D, Alerhand S, Su M. A letter to the editor: Carbon monoxide poisoning deaths in the United States, 1999 to 2012. Am J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2016.01.011: Hampson NB, Weaver LK. Carbon monoxide poisoning and risk for ischemic stroke. Eur J Intern Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2016.01.006: Hashemzaei M, Imen Shahidi M, Moallem SA, Abnous K, Ghorbani M, Mohamadpour AH. Modulation of JAK2, STAT3 and Akt1 proteins by granulocyte colony stimulating factor following carbon monoxide poisoning in male rat. Drug Chem Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/01480545.2015.1123267: Hirsch AE, Langley RL, McDaniel JS. Carbon monoxide poisonings from forklift use during produce packing operations. J Agromed 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2016.1142915: Karabacak M, Turkdogan KA, Coskun A, Akpinar O, Duman A, Kapci M, Eren SH, Karabacak P. Detection of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio as a serum marker associated with inflammations by acute carbon monoxide poisoning. J Acute Dis 2015; 4: 305-8. Kuroda H, Fujihara K, Mugikura S, Takahashi S, Kushimoto S, Aoki M. Altered white matter metabolism in delayed neurologic sequelae after carbon monoxide poisoning: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic study. J Neurol Sci 2016; 360: 161-9. Maynard RL, Myers I, Ross JAS. Carbon monoxide. Chapter 9 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 260-309. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Uzkeser M, Kocak AO, Akbas I, Polat G, Kantarci M, Emet M, Aslan S. Dual-energy computed tomography shows brain ischemia and hyperbaric oxygen therapy efficacy in acute carbon monoxide intoxication. Am J Emerg Med 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2015.12.031:

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Wong C-S, Lin Y-C, Hong L-Y, Chen T-T, Ma H-P, Hsu Y-H, Tsai S-H, Lin Y-F, Wu M-Y. Increased long-term risk of dementia in patients with carbon monoxide poisoning: a population-based study. Medicine 2016; 95: e2549. Yoshioka E, Saijo Y, Kawachi I. Spatial and temporal evolution of the epidemic of charcoal-burning suicide in Japan. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00127-016-1172-0:

Corrosives Karaman I, Koç O, Karaman A, Erdogan D, Çavusoglu YH, Afsarlar ÇE, Yilmaz E, Ertürk A, Balci Ö, Özgüner IF. Evaluation of 968 children with corrosive substance ingestion. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 714-8.

Crocin Moallem SA, Afshar M, Etemad L, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 285-91.

Cyanide Chaudhary MT, Sarwar M, Tahir AM, Tahir MA, Mustafa G, Wattoo SA, Imran M, Subhani A. Rapid and economical colorimetric detection of cyanide in blood using vitamin B12. Aust J Forensic Sci 2016; 48: 42-9. Jang DH, Shofer FS, Weiss SL, Becker LB. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration following ex vivo cyanide exposure in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139712: Kern E, Benson C, Fadel S, Hahn B. Man with rash after smoke inhalation. J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.035: Marrs TC. Treatment of cyanide poisoning associated with fires. Chapter 15 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 491-513. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Purser DA. Hydrogen cyanide–Physiological effects of acute exposure during fires. Chapter 10 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 310-60. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.

Dimethyl sulfoxide Takeda K, Pokorski M, Sato Y, Oyamada Y, Okada Y. Respiratory toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/5584_2015_187:

Dinitrobenzene Maurer LL, Latham JD, Landis RW, Song DH, Epstein T, Philbert MA. 1,3-Dinitrobenzene neurotoxicity – Passage effect in immor-talized astrocytes.

Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 74-84.

Dioxins Mannetje A, Eng A, Walls C, Dryson E, McLean D, Kogevinas M, Fowles J, Borman B, O'Connor P, Cheng S, Brooks C, Smith AH, Pearce N. Serum concentrations of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans and PCBs, among former phenoxy herbicide production workers and firefighters in New Zealand. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 307-18.

Dusts Keil D, Buck B, Goossens D, Teng Y, Leetham M, Murphy L, Pollard J, Eggers M, McLaurin B, Gerads R, DeWitt J. Immunotoxicological and neurotoxicological profile of health effects following subacute exposure to geogenic dust from sand dunes at the Nellis Dunes Recreation Area, Las Vegas, NV. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 291: 1-12.

E-cigarettes Clancy L, Babineau K. E-cigarettes: effective cessation tools or public health threat? QJM 2016; 109: 79-81. El.Golli N, Dkhili H, Dallagi Y, Rahali D, Lasram M, Bini-Dhouib I, Lebret M, Rosa J-P, El Fazaa S, Asmi MAE. Comparison between electronic cigarette refill liquid and nicotine on metabolic parameters in rats. Life Sci 2016; 146: 131-8. Etter J-F. A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes. Drug Alcohol Depend 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.01.003: Farrimond H. E-cigarette regulation and policy: UK vapers' perspectives. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13322: Flora JW, Meruva N, Huang CB, Wilkinson CT, Ballentine R, Smith DC, Werley MS, McKinney WJ. Characterization of potential impurities and degradation products in electronic cigarette formulations and aerosols. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74: 1-11. Lee DC, Crosier BS, Borodovsky JT, Sargent JD, Budney AJ. Online survey characterizing vaporizer use among cannabis users. Drug Alcohol Depend 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.12.020: McCarthy M. Teens' e-cigarette use rises as spending on advertising soars, says CDC. Br Med J 2016; 352: i93. Patterson C, Hilton S, Weishaar H. Who thinks what about e-cigarette regulation? A content analysis of UK newspapers. Addiction 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/add.13320: Walele T, Sharma G, Savioz R, Martin C, Williams J. A randomised, crossover study on an electronic vapour product, a nicotine inhalator and a conventional cigarette. Part B: safety and subjective effects. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 74: 193-9.

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Epoxy resins Darr-Foit S, Geier J, Elsner P, Schliemann S. Occupational contact allergy to the epoxy resin hardener 2-methylpentane-1,5-diamine. Contact Derm 2016; 74: 115-6.

Essential oils Dornic N, Ficheux AS, Roudot AC, Saboureau D, Ezzedine K. Usage patterns of aromatherapy among the French general population: a descriptive study focusing on dermal exposure. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.01.016:

Ethylene glycol Schoen JC, Cain MR, Robinson JA, Schiltz BM, Mannenbach MS. Adolescent presents with altered mental status and elevated anion gap after suicide attempt by ethylene glycol ingestion. Pediatr Emerg Care 2016; online early: doi: 10.1097/PEC.0000000000000606:

Flame retardants Hoffman K, Butt CM, Chen A, Limkakeng AT, Jr., Stapleton HM. High exposure to organophosphate flame retardants in infants: associations with baby products. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49: 14554-9. Kojima H, Takeuchi S, Van den Eede N, Covaci A. Effects of primary metabolites of organophosphate flame retardants on transcriptional activity via human nuclear receptors. Toxicol Lett 2016; 245: 31-9. Schreder ED, Uding N, La Guardia MJ. Inhalation a significant exposure route for chlorinated organophosphate flame retardants. Chemosphere 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.11.084:

Fluoride Gaines A, Cronin L, Hamel M. An unusual method of suicide: fluoride toxicity due to toothpaste ingestion. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144: A018.

Fluorocarbons Tan D, Wang C, Ling J, Xia Z, Xu J. Acute respiratory distress syndrome after accidental inhalation of fluorocarbon monomers and pyrolysis products. Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103185:

Formaldehyde Prodi A, Rui F, Belloni Fortina A, Corradin MT, Larese Filon F. Sensitization to formaldehyde in Northeastern Italy, 1996 to 2012. Dermatitis 2016; 27: 21-5. Rovira J, Roig N, Nadal M, Schuhmacher M, Domingo JL. Human health risks of formaldehyde indoor levels: an issue of concern. J Environ Sci Health A 2016; 51: 357-63. Swami PC, Raval R, Kaur M, Kaur J. Accidental intraoral injection of formalin during extraction: case report. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; online early:

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Helium Chang S-S, Cheng Q, Lee EST, Yip PSF. Suicide by gassing in Hong Kong 2005-2013: emerging trends and characteristics of suicide by helium inhalation. J Affect Disord 2016; 192: 162-6.

Honey Erenler AK. Cardiac effects of mad honey poisoning and its management in emergency department: a review from Turkey. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 16: 1-4.

Hydrocarbons Sekkal S, Casas L, Haddam N, Bouhacina L, Scheers H, Taleb A, Nemery B. Sleep disturbances and neurotoxicity in workers exposed to hydrocarbons. An observational study from Algeria. Am J Ind Med 2016; 59: 129-36.

Hydrogen sulphide Barbera N, Montana A, Indorato F, Arbouche N, Romano G. Domino effect: an unusual case of six fatal hydrogen sulfide poisonings in quick succession. Forensic Sci Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.01.021: Park J, Kang T, Jin S, Heo Y, Kim K, Lee K, Tsai P, Yoon C. Asphyxiation incidents by hydrogen sulfide at manure storage facilities of swine livestock farms in Korea. J Agromed 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/1059924X.2016.1141735:

Methanol Suo A, Scozzafava J. Neurotoxic overdose in a young man: question. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 129. Suo A, Scozzafava J. Neurotoxic overdose in a young man: answer. J Clin Neurosci 2016; 23: 170. Tanrivermis Sayit A, Aslan K, Elmali M, Gungor I. Methanol-induced toxic optic neuropathy with diffusion weighted MRI findings. Cutan Ocul Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15569527.2015.1122031: Zakharov S, Kotikova K, Vaneckova M, Seidl Z, Nurieva O, Navratil T, Caganova B, Pelclova D. Acute methanol poisoning: prevalence and predisposing factors of haemorrhagic and non-haemorrhagic brain lesions. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12559:

Methyl tertiary butyl ether Salimi A, Vaghar-Moussavi M, Seydi E, Pourahmad J. Toxicity of methyl tertiary-butyl ether on human blood lymphocytes. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-6090-x:

Mineral oils Kimber I, Carrillo J-C. Oral exposure to mineral oils: is there an association with immune perturbation and autoimmunity? Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.008

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Nanoparticles Park E-J, Lee G-H, Yoon C, Jeong U, Kim Y, Cho M-H, Kim D-W. Biodistribution and toxicity of spherical aluminum oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36: 424-33. Skalska J, Struzynska J. Toxic effects of silver nanoparticles in mammals – Does a risk of neurotoxicity exist? Folia Neuropathol 2015; 53: 281-300.

Naphthalene Klotz K, Angerer J. Quantification of naphthoquinone mercapturic acids in urine as biomarkers of naphthalene exposure. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1012-1013: 89-96.

Organosilicon compounds Lanzarotta A, Kelley CM. Forensic analysis of human autopsy tissue for the presence of polydimethylsiloxane (silicone) and volatile cyclic siloxanes using macro FT-IR, FT-IR spectroscopic imaging and headspace GC-MS. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13018:

Perfluorinated compounds Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Huetos O, Lucena MÁ, Castaño A. A fast method for analysing six perfluoroalkyl substances in human serum by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9319-0: Chang ET, Adami H-O, Boffetta P, Wedner HJ, Mandel JS. A critical review of perfluorooctanoate and perfluorooctane-sulfonate exposure and immunological health conditions in humans. Crit Rev Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/10408444.2015.1122573:

Perfluoroalkyl derivatives Bartolomé M, Gallego-Picó A, Huetos O, Lucena MÁ, Castaño A. A fast method for analysing six perfluoroalkyl substances in human serum by solid-phase extraction on-line coupled to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00216-016-9319-0:

Petrol (gasoline) and petroleum oils Jet fuel Maule AL, Proctor SP, Blount BC, Chambers DM, McClean MD. Volatile organic compounds in blood as biomarkers of exposure to JP-8 jet fuel among US Air Force personnel. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: 24-9.

Phthalate esters Gardner ST, Wood AT, Lester R, Onkst PE, Burnham Nl, Perygin DH, Rayburn J. Assessing differences in toxicity and teratogenicity of three phthalates, diethyl phthalate, di-n-propyl phthalate, and di-n-butyl phthalate, using Xenopus laevis embryos. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1106994: Kim K-N, Choi Y-H, Lim Y-H, Hong Y-C.

Urinary phthalate metabolites and depression in an elderly population: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005–2012. Environ Res 2016; 145: 61-7. Lessmann F, Schütze A, Weiss T, Brüning T, Koch HM. Determination of metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl) terephthalate (DEHTP) in human urine by HPLC-MS/MS with on-line clean-up. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1011: 196-203.

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers Martellini T, Diletti G, Scortichini G, Lolini M, Lanciotti E, Katsoyiannis A, Cincinelli A. Occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in foodstuffs in Italy and implications for human exposure. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89: 32-8. Vuong AM, Yolton K, Webster GM, Sjödin A, Calafat AM, Braun JM, Dietrich KN, Lanphear BP, Chen A. Prenatal polybrominated diphenyl ether and perfluoroalkyl substance exposures and executive function in school-age children. Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.008:

Polychlorinated biphenyls Bandara SB, Eubig PA, Sadowski RN, Schantz SL. Developmental PCB exposure increases audiogenic seizures and decreases glutamic acid decarboxylase in the inferior colliculus. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149: 335-45. Mannetje A, Eng A, Walls C, Dryson E, McLean D, Kogevinas M, Fowles J, Borman B, O'Connor P, Cheng S, Brooks C, Smith AH, Pearce N. Serum concentrations of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans and PCBs, among former phenoxy herbicide production workers and firefighters in New Zealand. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 307-18. Pedersen EB, Ebbehøj NE, Göen T, Meyer HW, Jacobsen P. Exposure to 27 polychlorinated biphenyls in the indoor environment of a workplace: a controlled bio-monitoring study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 43-7.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons Bottai M, Selander J, Pershagen G, Gustavsson P. Age at occupational exposure to combustion products and lung cancer risk among men in Stockholm, Sweden. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 271-5. Huang S, Deng Q, Feng J, Zhang X, Dai X, Li L, Yang B, Wu T, Cheng J. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons–associated microRNAs and heart rate variability in coke oven workers. J Occup Environ Med 2016; 58: e24-e31.

Safranal Moallem SA, Afshar M, Etemad L, Razavi BM, Hosseinzadeh H. Evaluation of teratogenic effects of crocin and safranal, active ingredients of saffron, in mice. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 285-91.

Smoke Kern E, Benson C, Fadel S, Hahn B. Man with rash after smoke inhalation.

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J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.035: McAllister JL. Health effects in groups exposed to wildland and urban fires. Chapter 17 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 535-51. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. Wakefield JC. Products of combustion and toxicity from specific types of fires. Chapter 4 in Toxicology, survival and health hazards of combustion products, ed. by DA Purser, RL Maynard, & JC Wakefield. 79-107. Cambridge: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016.

Thujone Dybowski MP, Dawidowicz AL. The determination of - and -thujone in human serum – Simple analysis of absinthe congener substance. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 259: 188-92.

Tobacco Aurrekoetxea JJ, Murcia M, Rebagliato M, Guxens M, Fernández-Somoano A, López MJ, Lertxundi A, Castilla AM, Espada M, Tardón A, Ballester F, Santa-Marina L. Second-hand smoke exposure in 4-year-old children in Spain: sources, associated factors and urinary cotinine. Environ Res 2016; 145: 116-25. Pappas RS, Gray N, Gonzalez-Jimenez N, Fresquez M, Watson CH. Triple quad-ICP-MS measurement of toxic metals in mainstream cigarette smoke from spectrum research cigarettes. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 43-8. Sidani JE, Shensa A, Shiffman S, Switzer GE, Primack BA. Behavioral associations with waterpipe tobacco smoking dependence among US young adults. Addiction 2016; 111: 351-9. Soule EK, Lipato T, Eissenberg T. Waterpipe tobacco smoking: a new smoking epidemic among the young? Curr Pulmonol Rep 2015; 4: 163-72.

Toluene Djurendic-Brenesel M, Stojiljkovic G, Pilija V. Fatal intoxication with toluene due to inhalation of glue. J Forensic Sci 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/1556-4029.13019:

Trichloroethylene Blossom SJ, Melnyk SB, Li M, Wessinger WD, Cooney CA. Inflammatory and oxidative stress-related effects associated with neurotoxicity are maintained after exclusively prenatal trichloroethylene exposure. Neurotoxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.neuro.2016.01.002:

Vegetable oils Bates N. Palm oil ingestion in dogs. Vet Rec 2016; 178: 101.

Yellow phosphorus Grace M, Shameer VK, Rajesh KR, Ramyadas NK. Hematological manifestations of ratol poisoning: a case report. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 129-30.

METALS General Kumar A, Ali M, Ningthoujam RS, Gaikwad P, Kumar M, Nath BB, Pandey BN. The interaction of actinide and lanthanide ions with hemoglobin and its relevance to human and environmental toxicology. J Hazard Mater 2015; 307: 281-93. Lai YC, Yew YW. Heavy metals and hand dermatitis: analysis of data in the US national health and nutrition examination survey. Int J Dermatol 2016; 55: e114-e115. Mesquita VA, Silva CF, Soares EV. Toxicity induced by a metal mixture (Cd, Pb and Zn) in the yeast Pichia kudriavzevii: the role of oxidatative stress. Curr Microbiol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1007/s00284-016-0987-y: Pappas RS, Gray N, Gonzalez-Jimenez N, Fresquez M, Watson CH. Triple quad-ICP-MS measurement of toxic metals in mainstream cigarette smoke from spectrum research cigarettes. J Anal Toxicol 2016; 40: 43-8. Seddigi ZS, Kandhro GA, Shah F, Danish E, Soylak M. Assessment of metal contents in spices and herbs from Saudi Arabia. Toxicol Ind Health 2016; 32: 260-9. Zeng X, Xu X, Zheng X, Reponen T, Chen A, Huo X. Heavy metals in PM2.5 and in blood, and children's respiratory symptoms and asthma from an e-waste recycling area. Environ Pollut 2016; 210: 346-53.

Aluminium Laabdar W, Elgot A, Gamrani H. The protective effect of curcumin on dopaminergic system after chronic aluminium intoxication: possible link with Parkinson's disease. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2016; 22: e188. Park E-J, Lee G-H, Yoon C, Jeong U, Kim Y, Cho M-H, Kim D-W. Biodistribution and toxicity of spherical aluminum oxide nanoparticles. J Appl Toxicol 2016; 36: 424-33. Sikkeland LIB, Alexis NE, Fry RC, Martin E, Danielsen TE, SøStrand P, Kongerud J. Inflammation in induced sputum after aluminium oxide exposure: an experimental chamber study. Occup Environ Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103254:

Arsenic Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J. Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.007:

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Mochizuki H, Yagi K, Tsuruta K, Taniguchi A, Ishii N, Shiomi K, Nakazato M. Prolonged central sensory conduction time in patients with chronic arsenic exposure. J Neurol Sci 2016; 361: 39-42. Rogers R, Strow J, Dunn P. Cola with a splash of arsenic: acute arsenic poisoning. Chest 2015; 148: 286A. Stice S, Liu G, Matulis S, Boise LH, Cai Y. Determination of multiple human arsenic metabolites employing high performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2016; 1009-1010: 55-65. Xu Y-Y, Zeng Q, Yao M, Yu C, Li J, Zhang A. A possible new mechanism and drug intervention for kidney damage due to arsenic poisoning in rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/C5TX00165J:

Cadmium Buser MC, Ingber SZ, Raines N, Fowler DA, Scinicariello F. Urinary and blood cadmium and lead and kidney function: NHANES 2007-2012. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005: Hara A, Yang W-Y, Petit T, Zhang Z-Y, Gu Y-M, Wei F-F, Jacobs L, Odili AN, Thijs L, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA. Incidence of nephrolithiasis in relation to environmental exposure to lead and cadmium in a population study. Environ Res 2016; 145: 1-8. Jacobo-Estrada T, Cardenas-Gonzalez M, Santoyo-Sánchez M, Parada-Cruz B, Uria-Galicia E, Arreola-Mendoza L, Barbier O. Evaluation of kidney injury biomarkers in rat amniotic fluid after gestational exposure to cadmium. J Appl Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1002/jat.3286: Jin X, Tian X, Liu Z, Hu H, Li X, Deng Y, Li N, Zhu J. Maternal exposure to arsenic and cadmium and the risk of congenital heart defects in offspring. Reprod Toxicol 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2015.12.007: Yeter D, Portman MA, Aschner M, Farina M, Chan W-C, Hsieh K-S, Kuo H-C. Ethnic Kawasaki disease risk associated with blood mercury and cadmium in U.S. children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 101.

Chrome Czekaj J, Ehlinger M, Rahme M, Bonnomet F. Metallosis and cobalt – chrome intoxication after hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2015.06.001:

Chromium Linqing Y, Bo X, Xueqin Y, Hong D, Desheng W, Huimin Z, Gaofeng J, Jianjun L, Zhixiong Z. Mitochondrial DNA hypomethylation in chrome plating workers. Toxicol Lett 2016; 243: 1-6. Pombo B, Areias M, Pinheiro A, Rodrigues F, Gonçalves P, Costa M.

Fracture of acobalt chromium hip prostheses of revision after a fracture of ceramic hip prostheses. HIP Int 2015; 25: S106-S107. Tedesco G, Cadossi M, Savarino L, Mazzotti A, Sambri A, Baldini N, Giannini S. Potential markers of systemic toxicity induced by metal ions in patients with hip resurfacing. HIP Int 2015; 25: S61.

Cobalt Czekaj J, Ehlinger M, Rahme M, Bonnomet F. Metallosis and cobalt – chrome intoxication after hip resurfacing arthroplasty. J Orthop Sci 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jos.2015.06.001: Pombo B, Areias M, Pinheiro A, Rodrigues F, Gonçalves P, Costa M. Fracture of acobalt chromium hip prostheses of revision after a fracture of ceramic hip prostheses. HIP Int 2015; 25: S106-S107. Tedesco G, Cadossi M, Savarino L, Mazzotti A, Sambri A, Baldini N, Giannini S. Potential markers of systemic toxicity induced by metal ions in patients with hip resurfacing. HIP Int 2015; 25: S61. Van Der Straeten C, Van Quickenborne DD, Calistri A, Victor J, De Smet K. -on-metal hip arthroplasty population. HIP Int 2015; 25: S99.

Lead Anderson DW, Mettil W, Schneider JS. Effects of low level lead exposure on associative learning and memory in the rat: Influences of sex and developmental timing of exposure. Toxicol Lett 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.011: Beier EE, Holz JD, Sheu T-J, Puzas JE. Elevated lifetime lead exposure impedes osteoclast activity and produces an increase in bone mass in adolescent mice. Toxicol Sci 2016; 149: 277-88. Bellinger DC. Lead contamination in Flint – An abject failure to protect public health. N Engl J Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1056/NEJMp1601013: Buser MC, Ingber SZ, Raines N, Fowler DA, Scinicariello F. Urinary and blood cadmium and lead and kidney function: NHANES 2007-2012. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.01.005: Greene D, Tehranifar P, DeMartini DP, Faciano A, Nagin D. Peeling lead paint turns into poisonous dust. Guess where it ends up? A media campaign to prevent childhood lead poisoning in New York City. Health Educ Behav 2015; 42: 409-21. Hara A, Yang W-Y, Petit T, Zhang Z-Y, Gu Y-M, Wei F-F, Jacobs L, Odili AN, Thijs L, Nawrot TS, Staessen JA. Incidence of nephrolithiasis in relation to environmental exposure to lead and cadmium in a population study. Environ Res 2016; 145: 1-8.

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Mazdak H, Rashidi M, Zohary M. Plumb as a cause of kidney cancer (case study: Iran from 2008–2010). J Res Med Sci 2015; 20: 974-7. Ordemann JM, Austin RN. Lead neurotoxicity: exploring the potential impact of lead substitution in zinc-finger proteins on mental health. Metallomics 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/c5mt00300h: Schoof RA, Johnson DL, Handziuk ER, Van Landingham C, Feldpausch AM, Gallagher AE, Dell LD, Kephart A. Assessment of blood lead level declines in an area of historical mining with a holistic remediation and abatement program. Environ Res 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.028: Tirima S, Bartrem C, von Lindern I, Von Braun M, Lind D, Anka SM, Abdullahi A. Environmental remediation to address childhood lead poi-soning epidemic due to artisanal gold mining in Zamfara, Nigeria. Environ Health Perspect 2016; online early: doi: 10.1289/ehp.1510145: Wildemann TM, Siciliano SD, Weber LP. The mechanisms associated with the development of hypertension after exposure to lead, mercury species or their mixtures differs with the metal and the mixture ratio. Toxicology 2016; 339: 1-8.

Lithium Chen Y, Zheng L, Liu W, Li H, Yu S, Chen Q, Pan B, Yu H, Yu R. Electrocardiographic changes caused by lithium intoxication in an elderly patient. Springerplus 2016; 5: 10. Pigatto PD, Dell'Osso B, Guzzi G. Lithium overdosage and related tests. Int J Bipolar Disord 2016; 4: 1.

Manganese Dion L-A, Bouchard MF, Sauvé S, Barbeau B, Tucholka A, Major P, Gilbert G, Mergler D, Saint-Amour D. MRI pallidal signal in children exposed to manganese in drinking water. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 124-31.

Mercury Bonsignore M, Andolfi N, Barra M, Madeddu A, Tisano F, Ingallinella V, Castorina M, Sprovieri M. Assessment of mercury exposure in human populations: a status report from Augusta Bay (southern Italy). Environ Res 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.01.016: Khwaja MA, Nawaz S, Ali SW. Mercury exposure in the work place and human health: dental amalgam use in dentistry at dental teaching institutions and private dental clinics in selected cities of Pakistan. Rev Environ Health 2016; online early: doi: 10.1515/reveh-2015-0058: Marques RC, Abreu L, Bernardi JVE, Dórea JG. Neurodevelopment of Amazonian children exposed to ethyl-mercury (from Thimerosal in vaccines) and methylmercury (from fish). Environ Res 2016; online early:

doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.12.022: Morris MC, Brockman J, Schneider JA, Wang Y, Bennet DA, Tangney CC, van de Rest O. Association of seafood consumption, brain mercury level, and APOE 4 status with brain neuropathology in older adults. JAMA 2016; 315: 489-97. Rodríguez-Farre E, Testai E, Bruzell E, Jong WD, Schmalz G, Thomsen M, Hensten A. The safety of dental amalgam and alternative dental restoration materials for patients and users. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.12.015: Rothenberg SE, Keiser S, Ajami NJ, Wong MC, Gesell J, Petrosino JF, Johs A. The role of gut microbiota in fetal methylmercury exposure: insights from a pilot study. Toxicol Lett 2016; 242: 60-7. Straka E, Ellinger I, Balthasar C, Scheinast M, Schatz J, Szattler T, Bleichert S, Saleh L, Knöfler M, Zeisler H, Hengstschläger M, Rosner M, Salzer H, Gundacker C. Mercury toxicokinetics of the healthy human term placenta involve amino acid transporters and ABC transporters. Toxicology 2016; 340: 34-42. Wildemann TM, Siciliano SD, Weber LP. The mechanisms associated with the development of hypertension after exposure to lead, mercury species or their mixtures differs with the metal and the mixture ratio. Toxicology 2016; 339: 1-8. Wise J. Higher levels of mercury in brain are not linked to increased risk of Alzheimer's, study finds. Br Med J 2016; 352: i611. Ye B-J, Kim B-G, Jeon M-J, Kim S-Y, Kim H-C, Jang T-W, Chae H-J, Choi W-J, Ha M-N, Hong Y-S. Evaluation of mercury exposure level, clinical diagnosis and treatment for mercury intoxication. Ann Occup Environ Med 2016; 28: 5. Yeter D, Portman MA, Aschner M, Farina M, Chan W-C, Hsieh K-S, Kuo H-C. Ethnic Kawasaki disease risk associated with blood mercury and cadmium in U.S. children. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2016; 13: 101.

Palladium Hosseini M-J, Jafarian I, Farahani S, Khodadadi R, Tagavi SH, Naserzadeh P, Mohammadi-Bardbori A, Arghavanifard N. New mechanistic approach of inorganic palladium toxicity: impairment in mitochondrial electron transfer. Metallomics 2016; online early: doi: 10.1039/c5mt00249d:

Selenium Jäger T, Drexler H, Göen T. Human metabolism and renal excretion of selenium compounds after oral ingestion of sodium selenate dependent on trimethylselenium ion (TMSe) status. Arch Toxicol 2016; 90: 149-58.

Silver Skalska J, Struzynska J. Toxic effects of silver nanoparticles in mammals – Does a risk of neurotoxicity exist? Folia Neuropathol 2015; 53: 281-300.

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Thallium Sojáková M, Žigrai M, Karaman A, Placková S, Klepancová P, Hrušovsky Š. Thallium intoxication. Neuroendocrinol Lett 2015; 36: 311-5.

PESTICIDES General Macharia I. Pesticides and health in vegetable production in Kenya. BioMed Res Int 2015; 2015: 241516. Quijano L, Yusà V, Font G, Pardo O. Chronic cumulative risk assessment of the exposure to organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid and pyrethrin pesticides through fruit and vegetables consumption in the region of Valencia (Spain). Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89: 39-46.

Aluminium phosphide Baruah U, Sahni A, Sachdeva HC. Successful management of aluminium phosphide poisoning using intravenous lipid emulsion: report of two cases. Indian J Crit Care Med 2015; 19: 735-8. Kutlucan A, Dagli M, Kutlucan L, Bastürk A. Neutropenia due to acute exposure with aluminium phosphide. Eur J Gen Med 2015; 12: 371.

Fipronil Chaguri JL, Godinho AF, Horta DF, Gonçalves-Rizzi VH, Possomato-Vieira JS, Nascimento RA, Dias-Junior CA. Exposure to fipronil elevates systolic blood pressure and disturbs related biomarkers in plasma of rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 42: 63-8.

Herbicides Mannetje A, Eng A, Walls C, Dryson E, McLean D, Kogevinas M, Fowles J, Borman B, O'Connor P, Cheng S, Brooks C, Smith AH, Pearce N. Serum concentrations of chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins, furans and PCBs, among former phenoxy herbicide production workers and firefighters in New Zealand. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2016; 89: 307-18.

Glyphosate Han J, Moon H, Hong Y, Yang S, Jeong W, Lee K-S, Chung H. Determination of glyphosate and its metabolite in emergency room in Korea. Forensic Sci Int 2016; 265: 41-6.

Neonicotinoids Harada KH, Tanaka K, Sakamoto H, Imanaka M, Niisoe T, Hitomi T, Kobayashi H, Okuda H, Inoue S, Kusakawa K, Oshima M, Watanabe K, Yasojima M, Takasuga T, Koizumi A. Biological monitoring of human exposure to neonicotinoids using urine samples, and neonicotinoid excretion kinetics. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0146335.

Organochlorine pesticides DDT Booij P, Holoubek I, Klánová J, Kohoutek J, Dvorská A, Magulová K, Al-Zadjali S, Cupr P. Current implications of past DDT indoor spraying in Oman. Sci Total Environ 2016; 550: 231-40.

Organophosphorus insecticides General Debost-Legrand A, Warembourg C, Massart C, Chevrier C, Bonvallot N, Monfort C, Rouget F, Bonnet F, Cordier S. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and organophosphate pesticides, and markers of glucose metabolism at birth. Environ Res 2016; 146: 207-17. El-Ebiary AA, Elsharkawy RE, Soliman NA, Soliman MA, Hashem AA. N-acetylcysteine in acute organophosphorus pesticides poisoning: a randomized, clinical trial. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12554: Krishna PG, Girish T, Manasa C, Sagar SV, Pandey S, Vijayanaryana K, Sreedharan N, Shetty PK. Demographics, clinical characteristics, treatment and outcomes of acute organo-phosphorous pesticide poisoning from South India. Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci 2015; 6: 826-34. Krishnan JKS, Arun P, Appu AP, Vijayakumar N, Figueiredo TH, Braga MFM, Baskota S, Olsen CH, Farkas N, Dagata J, Frey WH, II, Moffett JR, Namboodiri AMA. Intranasal delivery of obidoxime to the brain prevents mortality and CNS damage from organophosphate poisoning. Neurotoxicology 2016; 53: 64-73. Kumar V, Gupta RB, Gupta S. Rationally used antidotes in organophosphorus poisoning. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 175-80. Moon JM, Chun BJ, Cho YS. Hyperglycemia at presentation is associated with in hospital mortality in non-diabetic patient with organophosphate poisoning. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1128544: Odisseeva E, Kanev K, Atanasov V, Asov S, Dimov V, Petrov N. Clinical case of acute intoxication with organophosphate compound. Anesteziol Intenz Lechenie 2015; 44: 27-30. Sutris JM, How V, Sumeri SA, Muhammad M, Sardi D, Mohd Mokhtar MT, Muhammad H, Ghazi HF, Isa ZM. Genotoxicity following organophosphate pesticides exposure among Orang Asli children living in an agricultural island in Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia. Int J Occup Environ Med 2016; 7: 42-51. Thors L, Koch B, Koch M, Hägglund L, Bucht A. In vitro human skin penetration model for organophosphorus compounds with different physicochemical properties. Toxicol In Vitro 2016; 32: 198-204. Zentai A, Szabó IJ, Kerekes K, Ambrus Á. Risk assessment of the cumulative acute exposure of Hungarian population to organophosphorus pesticide residues with regard to consumers of plant based foods. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 89: 67-72.

Chlorpyrifos Lee YS, Lewis JA, Ippolito DL, Hussainzada N, Lein PJ, Jackson DA, Stallings JD.

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Repeated exposure to neurotoxic levels of chlorpyrifos alters hippocampal expression of neurotrophins and neuropeptides. Toxicology 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.tox.2016.01.001: López-Granero C, Ruiz-Muñoz AM, Nieto-Escámez FA, Colomina MT, Aschner M, Sánchez-Santed F. Chronic dietary chlorpyrifos causes long-term spatial memory impairment and thigmotaxic behavior. Neurotoxicology 2015; 53: 85-92.

Paraquat and diquat Angotti L. Accidental death due to pulmonary fibrosis and multiorgan failure after paraquat ingestion: a case report. Chest 2015; 148: 369A. Ekerbicer N, Gurpinar T, Tarakci F, Turkoz Uluer E, Inan S. Effects of high doses of dexamethasone on hemodynamic and immunohistochemical characteristics of acute paraquat intoxication in rat kidneys. Biotech Histochem 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/10520295.2015.1109141: Fortenberry GZ, Beckman J, Schwartz A, Prado JB, Graham LS, Higgins S, Lackovic M, Mulay P, Bojes H, Waltz J, Mitchell Y, Leinenkugel K, Oriel MS, Evans E, Calvert GM. Magnitude and characteristics of acute paraquat- and diquat-related illnesses in the US: 1998–2013. Environ Res 2016; 146: 191-9. Kim H-J, Kim H-K, Lee H, Bae J-S, Kown J-T, Gil H-W, Hong SY. Toxicokinetics of paraquat in Korean patients with acute poisoning. Korean J Physiol Pharmacol 2016; 20: 35-9. Ning Z, Bai Y-L, Lu H, Mo K-L. Prognostic value of plasma c-reactive protein in the evaluation of paraquat poisoning patients. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2015; 5: 841-4. Sun B, Chen Y. A simple and rapid method for detection of paraquat in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 17067-71. Wang S, Wang Z, Chen D, Chen M, Lin Y, Liu Z, Zhang L, Wen C, Wang X, Ma J. Effect of acute paraquat poisoning on CYP450 isoforms activity in rats by cocktail method. Int J Clin Exp Med 2015; 8: 19100-6. Zhang J, Gao B-W, Wang J, Wang X-W, Ren Q-L, Chen J-F, Ma Q, Xing B-S. Chronic exposure to diquat causes reproductive toxicity in female mice. PLoS ONE 2016; 11: e0147075.

Pyrethroid insecticides General Hughes MF, Edwards BC. In vivo dermal absorption of pyrethroid pesticides in the rat. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1109571: Singh SP, Dwivedi N, Raju KSR, Taneja I, Wahajuddin M.

Validation of a rapid and sensitive UPLC-MS-MS method coupled with protein precipitation for the simultaneous determination of seven pyrethroids in 100 L of rat plasma by using ammonium adduct as precursor ion. J Anal Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1093/jat/bkw002: Ye M, Beach J, Martin JW, Senthilselvan A. Urinary concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites and its association with lung function in a Canadian general population. Occup Environ Med 2016; 73: 119-26.

Permethrin Willemin M-E, Desmots S, Le Grand R, Lestremau F, Zeman FA, Leclerc E, Moesch C, Brochot C. PBPK modeling of the cis- and trans-permethrin isomers and their major urinary metabolites in rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2016; 294: 65-77.

Rodenticides Grace M, Shameer VK, Rajesh KR, Ramyadas NK. Hematological manifestations of ratol poisoning: a case report. Indian J Forensic Med Toxicol 2016; 10: 129-30.

Bromethalin Huntington S, Fenik Y, Vohra R, Geller RJ. Human bromethalin exposures reported to a U.S. Statewide Poison Control System. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1139713:

Super coumadin Harley S, Carnahan G, Butler T. Super coumadin-induced hemorrhagic and thrombotic coagulopathy: a case report. Am J Clin Pathol 2015; 144: A026.

Superwarfarin Haesloop O, Tillick A, Nichol G, Strote J. Superwarfarin ingestion treated successfully with prothrombin complex concentrate. Am J Emerg Med 2016; 34: 116.e1-116.e2.

Warfarin Subota V, Mirkov I, Demenesku J, Popov Aleksandrov A, Ninkov M, Mileusnic D, Kataranovski D, Kataranovski M. Transdermal toxicity of topically applied anticoagulant rodenticide warfarin in rats. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 41: 232-40.

CHEMICAL WARFARE, BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND RIOT CONTROL AGENTS Chemical warfare Agent Orange Usta Y, Abidali H, Zavareh S, Gerkin R, Beymer C. Agent orange exposure is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma in vietnam veterans. Am J Gastroenterol 2015; 110: S714.

Mustard gas Shohrati M, Jalili M, Afshar H, Najafian B, Qazvini A, Zaeri M, Amini Harandi A, Ghanei M.

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Efficacy of tiotropium bromide and rehabilitation treatment on pulmonary function of patients with sulfur mustard lung injury. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17: e20026.

Nerve agents Soman Wei Z, Liu Y-Q, Wang Y, Li W-H, Zhou X-B, Zhao J, Huang C, Li X, Liu J, Zheng Z, Li S. Novel nonquaternary reactivators showing reactivation efficiency for soman-inhibited human acetylcholinesterase. Toxicol Lett 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.01.015:

PLANTS Aconitum spp. Chan TYK. Aconitum alkaloid poisoning because of contamination of herbs by aconite roots. Phytother Res 2016; 30: 3-8.

Guayusa (Ilex guayusa) Kapp RW, Jr., Mendes O, Roy S, McQuate RS, Kraska R. General and genetic toxicology of guayusa concentrate (Ilex guayusa ). Int J Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.1177/1091581815625594:

Mushrooms and other fungi Park JS, Min JH, Kim H, Lee SW, Kang JH, An JY. Four cases of successful treatment after Podostroma cornu-damae intoxication. Hong Kong J Emerg Med 2016; 23: 55-9. Parnmen S, Sikaphan S, Leudang S, Boonpratuang T, Rangsiruji A, Naksuwankul K. Molecular identification of poisonous mushrooms using nuclear ITS region and peptide toxins: a retrospective study on fatal cases in Thailand. J Toxicol Sci 2016; 41: 65-76.

Amanita mushrooms Kang E, Cheong K-Y, Lee M-J, Kim S, Shin G-T, Kim H, Park I-W. Severe but reversible acute kidney injury resulting from Amanita punctata poisoning. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2015; 34: 233-6.

Mycotoxins Fromme H, Gareis M, Völkel W, Gottschalk C. Overall internal exposure to mycotoxins and their occurrence in occupational and residential settings - An overview. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 219: 143-65. Kongkapan J, Giorgi M, Poapolathep S, Isariyodom S, Poapolathep A. Toxicokinetics and tissue distribution of nivalenol in broiler chickens. Toxicon 2016; 111: 31-6.

Rhododendron spp. Erenler AK. Cardiac effects of mad honey poisoning and its management in emergency department: a review from Turkey. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2016; 16: 1-4.

ANIMALS Fish/marine poisoning Blanco J, Arévalo F, Correa J, Porro MC, Cabado AG, Vieites JM, Moroño A. Effect of the industrial canning on the toxicity of mussels contaminated with diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (DSP) toxins. Toxicon 2016; 112: 1-7.

Pterois volitans (Lionfish) Resiere D, Cerland L, de Haro L, Valentino R, Criquet-Hayot A, Chabartier C, Kaidomar S, Brouste Y, Mégarbane B, Mehdaoui H. Envenomation by the invasive Pterois volitans species (lionfish) in the French West Indies – a two-year prospective study in Martinique. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1143100:

Seaweed Desideri D, Cantaluppi C, Ceccotto F, Meli MA, Roselli C, Feduzi L. Essential and toxic elements in seaweeds for human con-sumption. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2016; online early: doi: 10.1080/15287394.2015.1113598:

Micro-organisms Botulism Mottate K, Yokote H, Mori S, Horita A, Miyatsu Y, Torii Y, Kozaki S, Iwaki M, Takahashi M, Ginnaga A. Retrospective survey to evaluate the safety and efficacy of Japanese botulinum antitoxin therapy in Japan. Toxicon 2016; 110: 12-8. Tsai H-J, Liang W-C, Wang C-H, Chou P-C, Hsu J-H, Huang C-T, Jong Y-J. Botulism with unusual rapid progression to complete paralysis in a child. Pediatr Neonatol 2015; 56: 425-8.

Scorpions Darvish M, Ebrahimi SA, Shahbazzadeh D, Shokrgozar MA. Camelid antivenom development and potential in vivo neutralization of Hottentotta saulcyi scorpion venom. Toxicon 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.01.063:

Snake bites Bhaumik S. Problems with treating snake bite in India. Br Med J 2016; 352: i103. Farooqui JM, Mukherjee BB, Manjhi SN, Farooqui AA, Datir S. Incidence of fatal snake bite in Loni, Maharashtra: an autopsy based retrospective study (2004 – 2014). J Forensic Leg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jflm.2016.01.013: Hiremath V, Nanjaraj Urs AN, Joshi V, Suvilesh KN, Savitha MN, Amog PU, Rudresha GV, Yariswamy M, Vishwanath BS. Differential action of medically important Indian BIG FOUR snake venoms on rodent blood coagulation. Toxicon 2016; 110: 19-26. Karabuva S, Vrkic I, Brizic I, Ivic I, Lukžic B. Venomous snakebites in children in southern Croatia. Toxicon 2016; 112: 8-15.

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Moon JM, Chun BJ. Severe coagulopathy after ingestion of "Snake Wine". J Emerg Med 2016; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.jemermed.2015.11.037:

Colubridae Keyler DE, Richards DP, Warrell DA, Weinstein SA. Local envenomation from the bite of a juvenile false water cobra (Hydrodynastes gigas; Dipsadidae). Toxicon 2016; 111: 58-61.

Coral snake Bucaretchi F, de Capitani EM, Vieira RJ, Rodrigues CK, Zannin M, Da Silva NJ, Jr., Casais-e-Silva LL, Hyslop S. Coral snake bites (Micrurus spp.) in Brazil: a review of literature reports. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135337:

Crotalinae (Pit vipers) Olives TD, Topeff JM, Willhite LA, Kubic VL, Keyler DE, Cole JB. Complete clinical course of envenomation by Protobothrops mangshanensis: delayed coagulopathy and response to Trimeresurus albolabris antivenom. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2016.1138227:

Roth B, Sharma K, Onisko N, Chen T. Prospective evaluation of pain, swelling, and disability from copperhead envenomation. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1130227: Zhang XC, Kearney A, Gibbs FJ, Hack JB. Snakebite! Crotalinae envenomation of a man in Rhode Island. R I Med J (2013) 2016; 99: 25-7.

Elapidae Isbister GK, Gault A, Tasoulis T, O'Leary MA. A definite bite by the Ornamental Snake (Denisonia maculata) causing mild envenoming. Clin Toxicol 2016; online early: doi: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1128545:

Viperinae (True vipers) Fahmi L, Makran B, Boussadda L, Lkhider M, Ghalim N. Haemostasis disorders caused by envenomation by Cerastes cerastes and Macrovipera mauritanica vipers. Toxicon 2015; online early: doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.12.012:

INDEX 4-aminopyridine ................................................................. 23 Acetaminophen .................................................................. 31 Acetylcysteine .................................................................... 21 Aconitine ........................................................................... 23 Aconitum spp. .................................................................... 43 Acrylamide ........................................................................ 33 Agent Orange .................................................................... 42 Air pollution ....................................................................... 32 Alcohol .............................................................................. 33 Aluminium ......................................................................... 38 Aluminium phosphate ......................................................... 34 Aluminium phosphide ......................................................... 41 Amanita mushrooms .......................................................... 43 Amfetamines ..................................................................... 23 Amiodarone ....................................................................... 24 Anaesthetics ...................................................................... 24 Analytical toxicology ............................................................ 9 Animals, general ................................................................ 43 Antiarrhythmic drugs .......................................................... 24 Antibiotics ......................................................................... 24 Anticoagulants ................................................................... 24 Anticonvulsants .................................................................. 24 Antidepressants ................................................................. 25 Antidotes ........................................................................... 21 Antifungal drugs ................................................................ 25 Antineoplastic drugs ........................................................... 25 Antipsychotics .................................................................... 25 Antituberculous drugs ........................................................ 25 Antivenom ......................................................................... 21 Antiviral drugs ................................................................... 25 Arsenic .............................................................................. 38 Asbestos............................................................................ 34 Aspartate........................................................................... 22 Atropine ............................................................................ 25 Bactrim ............................................................................. 24 Batteries ............................................................................ 34 Benzene ............................................................................ 34 Benzodiazepines .......................................................... 22, 25

Beta blockers .................................................................... 25 Beta2 agonists .................................................................. 26 Biological warfare .............................................................. 42 Biomarkers ........................................................................ 10 Bisphenol A ....................................................................... 34 Body packers .................................................................... 11 Botulism ........................................................................... 43 Bromethalin ...................................................................... 42 Buprenorphine .................................................................. 30 Cadmium .......................................................................... 39 Caffeine ............................................................................ 26 Calcium channel blockers ................................................... 26 Cannabis ........................................................................... 26 Capecitabine ..................................................................... 25 Carbamazepine ................................................................. 24 Carbon monoxide .............................................................. 34 Carcinogenicity .................................................................. 11 Cardiotoxicity .................................................................... 11 Ceftriaxone ....................................................................... 24 Chemical warfare, general .................................................. 42 Chemicals, general ............................................................ 33 Chenodeoxycholic acid ....................................................... 26 Chlorpyrifos ....................................................................... 41 Chrome ............................................................................. 39 Chromium ......................................................................... 39 Citalopram ........................................................................ 32 Clarithromycin ................................................................... 24 Clenbuterol ....................................................................... 26 Clonazepam ...................................................................... 25 Clozapine .......................................................................... 25 Cobalt ............................................................................... 39 Cocaine............................................................................. 26 Colchicine ......................................................................... 27 Colubridae ........................................................................ 44 Coral snake ....................................................................... 44 Corrosives ......................................................................... 35 Crocin ............................................................................... 35 Crotalinae ......................................................................... 44

46

Curcumin ........................................................................... 22 Cyanide ............................................................................. 35 DDT .................................................................................. 41 Dermal toxicity................................................................... 11 Designer drugs .................................................................. 27 Developmental toxicology ................................................... 11 Dexamethasone ................................................................. 22 Diacetylmorphine ............................................................... 29 Dietary supplements .......................................................... 28 Digoxin .............................................................................. 28 Dimethyl sulfoxide.............................................................. 35 Dinitrobenzene .................................................................. 35 Dioxins .............................................................................. 35 Diquat ............................................................................... 42 Disulfiram .......................................................................... 22 Driving under the influence ................................................. 12 Dronedarone ..................................................................... 24 Drugs, general ................................................................... 23 Dusts ................................................................................ 35 E-cigarettes ....................................................................... 35 Ecstasy .............................................................................. 23 Embutramide ..................................................................... 31 Epidemiology ..................................................................... 12 Epoxy resins ...................................................................... 36 Essential oils ...................................................................... 36 Ethanol.............................................................................. 33 Ethnic remedies ................................................................. 28 Ethylene glycol .................................................................. 36 Ethylphenidate ................................................................... 28 Exhaust fumes ................................................................... 32 Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation................................ 22 Extracorporeal treatments .................................................. 22 Fentanyl ............................................................................ 31 Fipronil .............................................................................. 41 Fish/marine poisoning ........................................................ 43 Flame retardants ................................................................ 36 Fluconazole ....................................................................... 25 Fluoride ............................................................................. 36 Fluorocarbons .................................................................... 36 Fluorouracil ....................................................................... 25 Forensic toxicology ............................................................. 13 Formaldehyde .................................................................... 36 Gabapentin ........................................................................ 25 Gamma hydroxybutyrate .................................................... 28 Gasoline ............................................................................ 37 Gefitinib ............................................................................ 25 Genotoxicity ...................................................................... 15 Glucocorticoids .................................................................. 28 Glyphosate ........................................................................ 41 Guayusa ............................................................................ 43 Hazardous waste ............................................................... 33 Helium .............................................................................. 36 Hepatotoxicity .................................................................... 15 Herbal medicines ......................................................... 22, 28 Herbicides ......................................................................... 41 Heroin ............................................................................... 29 Honey ............................................................................... 36 Hydrocarbons .................................................................... 36 Hydrogen sulphide ............................................................. 36 Hydroxychloroquine ........................................................... 29 Hyperbaric oxygen therapy ................................................. 21 Hypoglycaemic drugs ......................................................... 29 Ibogaine ............................................................................ 29 Ibrutinib ............................................................................ 25 Ibuprofen .......................................................................... 30 Icatibant ............................................................................ 22 Ilex guayusa ...................................................................... 43 Immunosuppressants ......................................................... 29 Inhalation toxicity .............................................................. 15 Insulin ......................................................................... 22, 29 Isoniazid............................................................................ 25 Kinetics ............................................................................. 15

Lead ................................................................................. 39 Levamisole ........................................................................ 29 Lionfish ............................................................................. 43 Lipid emulsion therapy ....................................................... 21 Lithium ....................................................................... 29, 40 Loperamide ....................................................................... 30 Management, general ........................................................ 21 Manganese ....................................................................... 40 Marijuana .......................................................................... 26 MDMA ............................................................................... 23 Mechanisms ...................................................................... 16 Mephedrone ...................................................................... 27 Mercury ............................................................................ 40 Metabolism ....................................................................... 16 Metals, general .................................................................. 38 Metformin ......................................................................... 29 Methadone .................................................................. 22, 31 Methanol........................................................................... 36 Methotrexate ..................................................................... 30 Methyl tertiary butyl ether .................................................. 36 Micro-organisms ................................................................ 43 Mineral oils........................................................................ 36 Mirtazapine ....................................................................... 25 Morphine .......................................................................... 31 Mushrooms ....................................................................... 43 Mustard gas ...................................................................... 42 Mycotoxins ........................................................................ 43 Nalmefene ........................................................................ 22 Naloxone .......................................................................... 23 Naltrexone ........................................................................ 31 Nanoparticles .................................................................... 37 Naphthalene ..................................................................... 37 Neonicotinoids ................................................................... 41 Nephrotoxicity ................................................................... 16 Nerve agents ..................................................................... 43 Neurotoxicity ..................................................................... 16 Nicotinamide ..................................................................... 32 Nicotine ............................................................................ 30 Nitrofurantoin .................................................................... 24 NSAIDs ............................................................................. 30 Obidoxime ........................................................................ 22 Occupational toxicology ..................................................... 17 Ocular toxicity ................................................................... 18 Opioid maintenance therapy ............................................... 22 Opioids ............................................................................. 30 Organochlorine pesticides, general ..................................... 41 Organophosphorus insecticides, general ............................. 41 Organosilicon compounds .................................................. 37 Oximes ............................................................................. 22 Paediatric toxicology .......................................................... 18 Palladium .......................................................................... 40 Paracetamol ...................................................................... 31 Paraquat ........................................................................... 42 Perfluorinated compounds .................................................. 37 Perfluoroalkyl derivatives ................................................... 37 Permethrin ........................................................................ 42 Pesticides, general ............................................................. 41 Petrol................................................................................ 37 Phenethylamines ............................................................... 27 Phenobarbital .................................................................... 23 Phosphate enema .............................................................. 31 Phthalate esters ................................................................ 37 Pit vipers ........................................................................... 44 Plants, general .................................................................. 43 Plasma exchange ............................................................... 22 Poison information centres ................................................. 19 Poisons information ........................................................... 19 Pollution ........................................................................... 33 Polybrominated diphenyl ethers .......................................... 37 Polychlorinated biphenyls ................................................... 37 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ....................................... 37 Polymyxin B ...................................................................... 24

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Units.


Pregabalin ......................................................................... 25 Prothrombin complex concentrate ................................. 23, 31 Psychiatric aspects ............................................................. 19 Psychotropic drugs ............................................................. 31 Pterois volitans .................................................................. 43 Pyrethroid insecticides, general ........................................... 42 Reprotoxicity ..................................................................... 20 Rhododendron spp. ............................................................ 43 Risk assessment................................................................. 20 Rodenticides ...................................................................... 42 Ropivacaine ....................................................................... 24 Safranal............................................................................. 37 Salicylate ........................................................................... 31 Scorpions .......................................................................... 43 Seaweed ........................................................................... 43 Selenium ........................................................................... 40 Silver................................................................................. 40 Smoke ............................................................................... 37 Snake bites ........................................................................ 43 Soman .............................................................................. 43 SSRIs ................................................................................ 32 Substance abuse ................................................................ 32 Suicide .............................................................................. 20 Super coumadin ................................................................. 42

Superwarfarin ................................................................... 42 Synthetic cannabinoids ...................................................... 27 Synthetic cathinones .......................................................... 28 Tapentadol ........................................................................ 31 Thallium............................................................................ 41 Theophylline ..................................................................... 32 Thujone ............................................................................ 38 Thyroxine.......................................................................... 32 Tiotropium bromide ........................................................... 23 Tobacco ............................................................................ 38 Tocilizumab ....................................................................... 29 Toluene ............................................................................ 38 Toxicology, general ............................................................. 9 Tramadol .......................................................................... 31 Trichloroethylene ............................................................... 38 True vipers........................................................................ 44 Vaccines ........................................................................... 32 Vegetable oils .................................................................... 38 Verapamil ......................................................................... 26 Veterinary products ........................................................... 32 Viperinae .......................................................................... 44 Vitamins............................................................................ 32 Warfarin ..................................................................... 24, 42 Yellow phosphorus ............................................................ 38

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