1

Current conditions for biogas and

biogas market in France

Claire Ingremeau

Engineer

ATEE Club Biogaz

French Biogas Association

14.01.2014 BIOGAS 23. Jahrestagung and Fachmesse

2

Summary

Current French biogas context

Energy production, number and type of plants, growing segment, biogas uses

Framework conditions

Law, economic and politic supports

Future development

Potential, governmental plans, energy transition scenario

3

Current French biogas context

4

French energy production

Renewable hydroelectric; 3,92

Wind power; 1,05

Photovoltaic; 0,17

Solar thermal; 0,06

Geothermal; 0,09

Heat pumps; 1,3

Renewable municipal waste; 1,25

Wood/wood waste; 8,87

Crop residues; 0,35

Biogas; 0,35

Bioethanol; 0,43 Biodiesel; 1,63

French renewable primary energy production in 2011 (Mtoe)

Renewable energy : 14% of total energy production

Biogas : 1,8 % of renewable energy production

Source : S0eS (2013)

TOTAL : 19,49 Mtoe

5

French biogas plants

Source : Ademe (2012), ErDF (June, 2013), Irstea (June 2013)

370 plants More than 246 MWélec connected

2,2 GWh produced

7%

7%

7%

5%

1%

73%

Installed electric power (2012)

Agriculture Territorial

Household waste Sewer sludge

Industrial Landfill

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Number of French biogas plants in 2013

6

Growing segment : biogas in agriculture

Source : Ademe (2013)

Farm biogas development (2012)

Nb of operational plants Cumulative P (Mwe)

Power ranges of farm plants (2012)

Cumulative P (Mwe) Nb plants

7

Technology : great majority of « completely mixed », but dry process is in development

Main energy recovery : CHP (average Power=180kWe), biomethane in progress

Feedstock : manure is the mix basis, energy main crops are not subsidized, intermediate crops are privileged

French agriculture biogas scheme

Source : Ademe (2013), Irstea (2013)

63% 9%

4%

11%

13%

Feedstock (2012)

Manure

Agro-food wastes

Green wastes

Energy crops

Others wastes

8

Biogas uses

CHP : use of heat is required to obtain maximum electricity price

Biomethane injection has been possible since end of 2011

2013 : 3 plants (2 using household waste, 1 agriculture)

More than 400 projects : transport and distribution networks

Biomethane fuel : 4 plants

Natural gas for vehicles is little known

1st market to be developed : local council for dumpsters, buses, company vehicles

9

Framework conditions

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Current regulations

Anaerobic digestion is now fully taken into account by law :

Specific “ICPE” (risk management, environment) regulation depending types and quantities of feedstock, files submitted at region level

Feed-in tariffs for electricity and biomethane

2013 last news :

Biomethane injection and CHP possible on the same plant (February 2013)

Electricity : bonus for manure use raises for medium sized plants (August 2013)

Expected developments :

Animal by products European regulation and his French application

Digestate use and Land Application Plans

11

AD support

Investment subsidies

By ADEME regional agencies : through request for proposal. Funds « Waste » (40 M€ in 2013)

By regional council

Subsidies represent 10 – 40 % of a plant investments

Feed-in tariffs

CHP : electricity prices reassessed in 2011

Biomethane feed-in possible since 2011

15 years contracts, purchase obligation

Traceability :

« Green certificate » for renewable electricity

Guarantee of origin certificates for biomethane

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Feed-in tariffs

Electricity price :

↘ with power

↗ with % of

manure

↗ with energy

efficiency

02468

101214161820

Landfill (CHP) Digestion (CHP) Landfill (bioCH4) Digestion(bioCH4)

c€/k

Wh

Feed in tariffs

Minimum Maximum

Electricity price Biomethane price Biomethane price :

↘ with power

↗ with % of agriculture and agro-food substrates (dedicated energy

crops)

↗ with % of waste from community (excluding sewer sludge), households

and catering

Source : Arrêté du 23 novembre 2011, Arrêté du 19 mai 2011

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Barriers to overcome

Economics : Low profitability High dependence on subsidies

Long administrative formalities

Simplification tests in progress, state agencies better understanding

Facilitate digestate use Land Application Plan are restrictive Only French standard : composted digestate Approval by agriculture ministry : first cases in 2013

Feedbacks will increase knowledge and facilitate uses

Public opinion AD is unknown, fear about gas explosion/transport/competition with food

Importance of communication, consultation around projects, increasing public knowledge, building a secure sector

14

Political will

2013 : national debate on energy transition

EMAA Action Plan (march 2013) : to develop anaerobic digestion and nitrogen autonomy

1 000 agricultural plants in 2020, collective plants, medium size, involved in their territory

Development of a French equipment network

Facilitate digestate use, under produce status, develop the use of organic fertilizers

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Future development

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Planned plants

Since 2011 : follow-up by compulsory statement to ADEME

Statement registered 6 months before electrical connexion request or biomethane sale purchase

AD Plants in the planning stage identified by ADEME (landfills are excluded)

Cumulative P (Mwe)

Nb identified

plants

Cu

mu

lati

ve

P (

Mw

e)

02/2

01

2

06/2

01

2

02/2

01

3

08/2

01

3

10/2

01

3

Source : Ademe (2013)

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ADEME study about potential feedstock available for AD in 2030 :

132 Mt of raw matter, 90% from agriculture

56 TWh primary energy

Political will to make available biowaste from the biggest producers

Obligation to sort waste in order to use it in compost or AD

Potential feedstock for AD

Source : ADEME (2013), Arrêté du 12 juillet 2011

Eligible waste producers

Year Biowaste (t/year) Used edible oil (l/an)

2012 120 1500

2016 10 60

One step / year …

Biomass ressources in

primary energy (MWh/an)

67 000 – 75 000

4 000 000 – 5 600 000

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National plans

(*) work in progress : foretold end of 2013

7 TWh biogas

2010

Grenelle de

l’Environnement

Heat/elec

tricity

12 TWh biogas

2020 National action plan

about renewable energies

Heat/electricity

entre 22 et 60 TWh biogas

2030 Roadmap project

ADEME(*)

Heat/electricity

Underlying Proactive

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Forecasting scenarios

ADEME : French Environment and Energy Management Agency

négaWatt : a pro active scenario from a group of energy and economics experts

GrDF : gas grid operator

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

180

2013 2030 2050

Pri

mar

y p

rod

uct

ion

(TW

h)

Biogas production in 2030 and 2050 according to 3 scenarii

ADEME

négaWatt

At present

GrDF : *biomethane injectiononly

*

*

Source : ADEME (2013), négaWatt (2011), GrDF (2013)

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Conclusion

Quick growth of French biogas sector since 2011 : agricultural and territorial plants

But economic weakness

Willingness to develop a French model :

Few/No dedicated energy crops

Tailor-made plants linked to their areas

French expertise and firms network

A successful start essential to future development :

Economics, industrial risks, environmental impacts …

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French Environment and Energy Management Agency : ADEME

SINOE : french database about waste management, description of plants

Ministries of environment and agriculture

SOeS : Official statistics about environment, energy and sustainable development

Legifrance : French law website

French inter branch organisation :

www.biogaz.atee.fr

Find out more

ATEE Club Biogaz

+ 33 1 46 56 41 43

club.biogaz@atee.fr

Directory of French biogas sector

Claire INGREMEAU c.ingremeau@atee.fr + 33 1 46 56 41 42

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Appendix

23

French primary energy production

111,7

82,6

40

21 9,8 1,3

French production : primary energy (Mtep)

Primary electricity non-renewable

Oil products

Gas

Renewable energy

Coal

Non renewable wastes

Source : Soes, 2011

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Hors chauffage digesteur,

hygiénisation…(process

amont)

Electricity feed-in tariffs

Anaerobic digestion

Puissance maximale

installée

Tarif de base

( c€/kWh )

≤150 kW 13,37

300 kW 12,67

500 kW 12,18

1 000 kW 11,68

≥ 2 000 kW 11,19

Valeur de l’efficacité énergétique V Prime M ( c€/kWh )

V ≤ 35 % 0

V ≥ 70 % 4

Landfill

Puissance maximale

installée

Tarif de base

( c€/kWh )

≤150 kW 9,745

≥ 2 000 kW 8,121

Prime effluents d’élevage ( c€/kWh )

Pmax Pr max

≤300 kW 2,6

500 Kw 2,1

≥ 1 000 kW 0

Ef (% d’effluents) Valeur de Pr

≤ 20 % 0

≥ 60 % Pr max

Selon:

Pour tout: interpolation

linéaire entre les valeurs

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Biomethane feed-in tariff

Anaerobic digestion

Débit maximal (Nm3/h) Tarif de base (c€/kWh)

≤50 9,5

100 8,65

150 7,8

200 7,3

250 6,8

300 6,6

≥ 350 6,4

Prime agricole (c€/kWh)

Débit maximal

(Nm3/h) Pr max

≤50 3

≥ 350 2

Landfill

Capacité

maximale de

production

C€/kWh PCS

≤ 50 Nm3/h 9,5

≥ 350 Nm3/h 4,5

Proportion de produits issus de cultures

intercalaires à vocation énergétique et des

déchets ou résidus provenant de l'agriculture, de

la sylviculture, de l'industrie agroalimentaire ou

des autres agroindustries

Proportion de déchets des collectivités (hors

boues de station d'épuration), déchets des

ménages et assimilés ou déchets de la

restauration hors foyer 0,5 c€/kWh

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Recyclage matière organique de déchets ménagers prévu à 35% en 2012 et 45% en 2015 (Directive décharge du 26/04/1999 et Grenelle Environnement, Décret n° 2011-828 du 11 juillet 2011 et Arrêté du 12 juillet 2011 sur les biodéchets)

Biowaste availability

Article 204 loi Grenelle II: les personnes qui produisent des quantités importantes de déchets composés majoritairement de biodéchets sont tenues d’en assurer le tri à la source en vue de leur valorisation dès le 1er janvier 2012

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Feedstock disponibility in 2030

Source : Estimation des gisements potentiels de substrats utilisables en méthanisation, ADEME, 2013

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Digestate uses

Standard

Digestate

(as a fertilizer)

Product

User responsible

Waste

Producer responsible

Traceability

Article L255-2 du Code Rural

Get back to soil

Land application plan Approval by agriculture ministry

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Bibliography

Etat des lieux du parc des installations de valorisation du biogaz, ADEME, 2013

Bilan national des projets biogaz identifiés au 1er juillet 2013, ADEME, 2013

Estimation des gisements potentiels de substrats utilisables en méthanisation, ADEME, 2013

Scenarii

Contribution de l'ADEME à l'élaboration de visions énergétiques 2030-2050, ADEME, 2013

Scénario négaWatt 2011, négaWatt, 2011

Objectif facteur/4, GrDF, 2013

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