Curs 1 rev09 EN bidoae

8/10/2019 Curs 1 rev09 EN bidoae

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The MarineThe Marine

EnvironmentalEnvironmental

ProtectionProtection

TechnologyTechnology

11 ststlecturelectureSenior lecturerSenior lecturer

PhD nav.arc. IoanPhD nav.arc. Ioan


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In nowadays, in marine field a new concept appeared:

green ship.This certification implies a lot of qualities necessary

being satisfied onboard ships:wasted water treatment:for so called grey water, necessary filtering membrane

and new formula for disinfection;for black water (mud) a treatment in a such manner to

satisfy the need: nothing to discharge.a new cleaning system of the funnels to moe away the

pollution and residual materials (particulates);reduction of gas emissions (!"#, $"%, &"#, &oot,

&moke and 'articulate atter) emissions of the marinepropulsion systems;

GREEN SHIP CONCEPT


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Implementing of an adanced management system oflosses, in case of distress or casualties, by locating fueltanks in protected spaces, collision proofed;

recycling bottles, bo#es which are ery important during

garbage processing and etc*;+ll these qualities together shall be satisfied by a ship

which claims green- using modern techniques and newlyenironment protection measures in early stage of ship

(design stage) and building, by fulfilling the specialrequirements of the classification societies, in this momentbeing facultatie.

The coming international rules for sulphur (&"#) contentThe coming international rules for sulphur (&"#) content

in fuel oil as decided by I" will be as shown in /ig.0 below:in fuel oil as decided by I" will be as shown in /ig.0 below:

+n 12 directie limits the sulphur content of fuels to 3.034 or

less in 12 ports from 5anuary %303 ($ouncil 6irectie7890%911$of %% arch 0778 relating to the sulphur content ofcertain liquid fuels).
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi%21celexplus%21prod%21DocNumber&lg=en&type_doc=Directive&an_doc=1993&nu_doc=12http://eur-lex.europa.eu/smartapi/cgi/sga_doc?smartapi%21celexplus%21prod%21DocNumber&lg=en&type_doc=Directive&an_doc=1993&nu_doc=12


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I.0 &"# emissions(according to +'"


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reduce &"%emissions by C=?4;

systems which can capture e#haust especially when a shipat berth can also impact the amount of &"%emitted, a

reduction of C7?4; waste heat recoery systems can conert energy from shipse#haust gases from propulsion into electrical power for useonboard essels. These systems can generate significantsaings in fuel consumption from the main engine and

reduce &"%from the main engineDs e#haust being releasedinto the atmosphere.

I.% !"# 1missions (according to +'"


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The rules coming in force concerning !"# emissions areinternationally controlled by I" and to some e#tent bynational goernments stating separate demands for !"#

within 1$+ areas.$oncerning $"%it is e#pected, that rules will come in force in

the near future for ships both as internationally andregionally.

+s stated by the arine 1nironment 'rotection $ommittee(1'$) it is timefor action.+ recent study has shown, that international ship trade in%33< contributed about %,


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Fhat is sure is that the $"%will be reduced either by market

based instruments or by introduction of technicalrequirements for new ships as stipulated by the introductionof the socalled 1nergy 1fficiency 6esign Inde# (116I) or by acombination of these two measures.

The following table shows, what these companies haereported different technologies can offer of improementsconcerning emission reductions if installed on a ship B ingeneral terms.


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Fig.Fig.33

Areen &hip of the /uture reported emission

reduction potentials.


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-/uel inGection equipment (fuel inGection ales andcombustion pumps).There are seeral technologies that lower the temperature ofcombustion, e.g. by inGection of water that can reduce the

emissions of !"# from ships resulting in a positie impacton the enironment: humid air motors; direct water inGection;

e#haust gas recirculation; fuelwater emulsification;"ther technologies such as e#haust gas after treatmenttechnologies: these technologies hae been proen capableof reducing emissions from engines sufficiently to meet newregulation standards; waste heat recoery systems can alsosubstantially reduce the leels of !"#; electronicallycontrolled camshaft less engines, turbochargers, commonrail technology, ale control and optimiHed combustion

processes can all achiee positie reductions of !"#


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I.8 $"I.8 $"%%1missions (a1missions (according to 1'$ of the I", $hapter

from +'" +nne# >I also 6irectie %33?98891$):$"%is one of the gases which cause global warming.

eduction of $"%emissions is necessary for climate reasons.

$"%emissions are a direct result from thermal combustion of

fuel. This means that the most substantial effect would becutting energy consumption, i.e. by reducing speed. /urtherresearch and utiliHing the following processes allow for afurther decrease of $"%and other emissions to be achieed:

@ybrid au#iliary power generation: a @ybrid au#iliary power generation: a hybrid au#iliary powersystem usually consists of a fuel cell, diesel generating set

and batteries. The intelligent control system balances theloading of each component for ma#imum system efficiency.This system can also accept other energy sources such aswind and solar power. If such a system could be introduced a

significant reduction of $"%, !"# and particulates could be


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-+lternatie propulsion:a kite on the bow of a ship can usewind energy to gie the ship and added means of propulsion.The aerage tanker could sae appro#imately up to %34 of

fuel depending on route and wind conditions.Jite technology, as a result of its compact siHe could easilybe retrofitted onboard e#isting ships.It has also been argued that kites could be used alongside

conentional means of thrust contributing to hybridpropulsion.Ky haing such high fuel efficiency ships would need to burnless resulting in a reduction of $"%and other harmful

emissions.


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Jite technologyJite technology


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Direction of wind Direction of wind

Direction of wind


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+pplied kite technology+pplied kite technology


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+pplied kite technology+pplied kite technology

& l


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-&olar energy:The technology offers ship owners huge fuel saings and hasthe potential to be used on all types of essels from smallferries and lu#ury superyachts to bulk carriers shipping iron

ore and nay patrol ships.To introduce solar energy to the ship we need to conert thesolar energy to electrical energy. 1lectrical energy we can useand transport throughout the ship. 'hotooltaic ('>) cellsconert solar into electrical energy. +n inerter is needed toconert the 6irect $urrent (6$) to an +lternating $urrent (+$),so the ?3 or L3 @H electric grid can transport the electricalenergy through the ship. These energy conersions reduce theefficiency of the whole chain. Imtech arine is deeloping a new

way to transport electrical energy through the ship, a 'lugandplay 6$ grid. Fith a 6$ grid in a dieselelectric propulsionsystem less energy conersions are needed, there is no needfor bulky transformers. It is plugandplay, if is decided '>panels are still too e#pensie today, can be decided to buy them

later and with no e#tra effort connect them to the 6$ grid at any


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'roGect for future: future proGect about installing a solar sail on a bulkcarrier that transports iron ore and other raw materials.@e likens the sail@e likens the sail

to a Mgiant windmill bladeM that would be coered in solar panels and foldto a Mgiant windmill bladeM that would be coered in solar panels and fold

down into the essel when it is docking and transferring cargo.down into the essel when it is docking and transferring cargo.


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The worldDs largest solarpowered boat B the T2+!"'lanet&olarB setout from onaco on a quest to become the first boat to sail around theworld using nothing but the power of the &un. In %303 it successfully

completed that quest, arriing back in onaco after 0= months spentcircumnaigating the planet.
http://www.gizmag.com/tranor-planetsolar-circumnavigation-attempt/17039/http://www.gizmag.com/tranor-planetsolar-circumnavigation-attempt/17039/http://www.gizmag.com/tranor-planetsolar-circumnavigation-attempt/17039/http://www.gizmag.com/tranor-planetsolar-circumnavigation-attempt/17039/


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The T2+!" 'lanet&olar, passing through Tahiti earlier on itsoyage. + crew of fie piloted the 80meter (03%ft) long, 0?meter. + crew of fie piloted the 80meter (03%ft) long, 0?meter

(7ft) wide essel, which is coered in ?8< square meters (?,


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Small solar powered ship (view from front)


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Small solar powered ship (side view)

omanian researches in solar energy I$1'"!+>


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omanian researches in solar energy. I$1'"!+>researches



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omanian esearches in solar energy


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omanian researches in solar energy


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omanian researches in solar energy.I$1'"!+> researches


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-Faste @eat ecoery:applying a so called F@ 9 Koostersystem into the ship could proide a significant e#tension tothe traditional operation profile of conentional shippropulsion.

This allows for up to 0%4 saings on primary energy (fuel)and hence $"%.

This solution would require a different approach toconceptual design and operation.

& &hiptoshore power:when ships are in port they are able toconnect to shoreside electrical power after.

-the engines hae been switched off This enables ship


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the engines hae been switched off. This enables shipsystems to operate from clean power supplies to eliminateairbone emissions in harbor.


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-@ydrogen (/uel $ell) &ystems:equipment manufacturersand academic institutes are well under way with research anddemonstrations of hydrogen fuel cells as an alternatie

means for powering ships.It has been suggested that hydrogen systems could be up to?34 more efficient than e#isting engines, also reducingcertain emissions (!"#, &"# and particulate matter).This would also lead to a certain reduction of $"%emissions.

@igh 1fficient arine &ystems:marine systems such asrudders can generate about ?4 of the ships oerallresistance. udders e#ist which are manufactured using

state of the art technologies and materials reducing theirresistance through water giing the aerage fuel saing of %?4, thereby reducing emissions.

I &oot smoke and particulate matter


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I. &oot, smoke and particulate matterThe composition and properties of particulates aries greatlyand is therefore difficult to define. +t present, a quantitatierelationship between the smoke opacity and the particulate

emission has not been proen.The most effectie method of reducing particulate emissionsis to use lighter distillate fuels. +dditional reductions inparticulate emissions can be achieed by increasing the fuel

inGection pressure, by using cyclone separators orelectrostatic precipitators. Fhereer technology isimplemented to reduce sulphur will hae a direct impact onthe reduction of particulate matter. This is becauseparticulate matter reduction is a side process of sulphur

remoal or e#haust gas scrubbing.II. &hip Faste Treatment(according to +'"


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fresh fish, generated during the noral operation of the

#essel and liable to be disposed of continuousl$ or

periodicall$%

The anne# totally prohibits the disposal of plastics anywherein the sea, and seerely restricts discharge of other garbagefrom ships into coastal waters.The main problem is that the disposal of garbage occurs to alarge e#tent out of the public eye.


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&ensitie ecosystems, for e#ample, in the 'olar egions, can

be put at risk as result of these floating NislandsD and the alienorganisms being carried by them.Faste discharge into the sea is allowed by +'" undercertain conditions. The discharged waste has to be noted

down, in a waste disposal log stating the followinginformation: the type of discharged waste; the amount of discharged waste;

the time and position of discharge.


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Table: 6ischarge figures for waste from +'" +nne# >


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There are currently technological solutions that could beimplemented and further deeloped to ensure that waste isno longer discharged at sea. 6ue to limited space onboardships, the equipment manufacturers hae deeloped ariousmethods of waste treatment.

Faste $ompressors: They reduce the olume of rubbish sothat it can be stored onboard before being offloaded to shorebased facilities. This can be done by simply squeeHing and

breaking down waste followed by the process ofcompression. This might it difficult to be recycled further.$ompressing and storage of waste is an effectie technicalsolution to dealing with the rubbish being thrown oerboard.

'lasma Technology: 'lasma technology used in conGunctionwith other onboard systems is another e#ample of effectiegarbage disposal. 'lasma, which can reach temperatures ofup to L thousand degrees centigrade, can reduce waste into anon to#ic sludge. The comple# compounds which make up

plastic, etc. can be reduced into hydrogen and carbon


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III. Kilge Fater Treatment &ystems (according to +'"


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This sludge cannot be used for anything and depending onfuel quality an aerage ship can produce from a few litres upto seeral tons of the stuff a day.

This NsludgeD can also not be burned in an incinerator. 6ue to

the fact that shipowners hae to pay to discharge thisNsludgeD at shorebased facilities, they usually try to reduce itto a minimum.

"ne way of doing this is to put it in a settling tank and pump

out the water which settles under the layer of oil. This watercan then be pumped oerboard ia the 0? ppm bilge watertreatment system.

This is where the process could go wrong and that part of the

oil is pumped oerboard also, ia this bilge water treatmentsystem.

The discharge of oil can be broken down as follows:

Table: amount of discharged oil


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g

Kilge water can be pumped through a piping system into abilge water holding tank or directly into the sea through abilge water deoiling installation. "er the years thecomposition of bilge water has changed, due to the fact that

different oils and fuels are being used.

Kilge water is a mi#ture of different substances and hasconstantly changing concentrations. The followingsubstances can be found in bilge water:

eaked condensed and coolant water;

"il from arious sources: lubrication, gear oils, hydro


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, g , ysystem liquids, etc;

+ll kinds of fuel: diesel, fuel oil, heay with differentiscosity;

6irt and paint particles;

$orrosion protection agents.

"ne possible solution to treat bilge water effectiely is by

starting at the source. $leaner fuel would result in lesssludge and therefore less oil pollution. $lean fuel wouldmean less air pollution and less oil pollution, haing apositie impact on the enironment on more than one leel.There is ery effectie technology currently aailable on the

market to clean bilge water before it is discharged into thesea:

@igh &peed $entrifuges: They are capable of effectielyseparating emulsions and remoing suspended particles

found in bilge water. "nce separation of water and oily

water can be discharged into the sea and the oily remains fed


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g yinto a tank to be treated at a later stage. Technologies usingthe process of microfiltration are already in e#istence toclean bilge water. embranes are used, where the water

passes through, and acts as a barrier capable of remoingsolids and9or other materials. This filtered water can then bedischarged in to the sea.

$ascade Tanks: Kilge water can be fed into the top of a tankand then by graitational force passes through spongeswhich can catch the oily substances and allow the cleansedwater be collected at the bottom.

This only works for certain iscosities of oil, the smaller theoil droplets the less effectie this method is.

Through the application of arious technologies it is possibleto clean bilge water almost entirely of oily particles.

The use of this equipment ensures the mitigation of bilgewater discharge pollution.

I> 9 >. Klack Fater and Aray Fater(according to +nne# I> of


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y ( g+'"


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y g yamount of black water onboard ships depends on thetechnology installed to sanitise it.

Klack and grey water treatment systems could be installed on

essels in order to purify the water discharged into the sea. +number of cruise ships hae had their sewage treatmentsystems retrofitted in order to ensure they hae less of anenironmental impact as a result of their black and greywater effluent.

embrane bioreactors: embrane Kioreactors can effectielycleanse black and grey wastewater. The water is first fed intothe bioreactor where biomass breaks down the organicmatter. This is then processed through a filter and into asecond bioreactor. The solution is put through membranemodules to make sure it is scoured and properly cleaned.Fhat is left after the cleaning stage can then be directly discharged into the sea.


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@ow a embrane Kioreactor (K) works (simplifieddrawing)

>acuum toilets: >acuum toilets can reduce the amount of


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black water discharged black water by 098. This technologycan be combined with a sludge reactor with membranefiltration, collecting grey water. The grey water following

treatment in the reactor can be used for the flushing of toiletstherefore reducing its olume by


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The circulation of the ballast water during the shipDs oyage

+quatic organisms (plants as well as animals) are displaced


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as a result of the changing of ballast water (O8.333 B .?33types). Inasie organisms can bring about changes to themarine flora and fauna and cause damage to marine

industries such as fishing.

6ischarge of cargo residues from6ischarge of cargo residues from bulk carriersbulk carrierscan pollutecan polluteports, waterways and oceans. In many instances esselsports, waterways and oceans. In many instances esselsintentionally discharge illegal wastes despite foreign andintentionally discharge illegal wastes despite foreign and

domestic regulation prohibiting such actions.domestic regulation prohibiting such actions.It has been estimated thatIt has been estimated that container shipscontainer shipslose oer 03,333lose oer 03,333containerscontainersat sea each year (usually during storms). &hipsat sea each year (usually during storms). &hipsalso createalso create noise pollutionnoise pollutionthat disturbs natural wildlife, andthat disturbs natural wildlife, andwater fromwater from ballastballasttanks can spread harmfultanks can spread harmful algaealgaeand otherand otherinasie speciesinasie species..

Kallast waterKallast watertaken up at sea and released in port is a maGortaken up at sea and released in port is a maGorsource of unwanted e#otic marine life. Thesource of unwanted e#otic marine life. The inasieinasiefreshwater Hebra mussels, natie to the Klack, $aspian andfreshwater Hebra mussels, natie to the Klack, $aspian and

+Ho seas, were probably transported to the Areat akes ia+Ho seas, were probably transported to the Areat akes ia

b ll t t f t i l It b li th tb ll t t f t i l It b li th t
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_carrierhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ballast_waterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algaehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_ballasthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noise_pollutionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Containerizationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Container_shiphttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulk_carrier


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ballast water from a transoceanic essel. It beliees that oneballast water from a transoceanic essel. It beliees that one

of the worst cases of a single inasie species causing harmof the worst cases of a single inasie species causing harm

to an ecosystem can be attributed to a aparently harmlessto an ecosystem can be attributed to a aparently harmless

GellyfishGellyfish..&neiopsis&neiopsisleid$ileid$i, a species of Gellyfish that spread so it,a species of Gellyfish that spread so it

now inhabits estuaries in many parts of the world. It was firstnow inhabits estuaries in many parts of the world. It was first

introduced in 07=%, and seems to hae been transported tointroduced in 07=%, and seems to hae been transported to

thethe Klack &eaKlack &eain a shipDs ballast water.in a shipDs ballast water.

The population of the Gellyfish shot up e#ponentially and, byThe population of the Gellyfish shot up e#ponentially and, by

07==, it was reflecting dramatically upon the local07==, it was reflecting dramatically upon the local

fishing industryfishing industry. The. The anchoyanchoycatch fell from %3,333 tons incatch fell from %3,333 tons in

07= to %33 tons in 0778;07= to %33 tons in 0778; spratspratfrom %,L33 tons in 07= tofrom %,L33 tons in 07= to

0%,333 tons in 0778; horse0%,333 tons in 0778; horse mackerelmackerelfrom ,333 tons in 07=from ,333 tons in 07=to Hero in 0778.- !ow that the Gellyfish hae e#hausted theto Hero in 0778.- !ow that the Gellyfish hae e#hausted the

HooplanktonHooplankton, including fish larae, their numbers hae fallen, including fish larae, their numbers hae fallen

dramatically, yet they continue to maintain a stranglehold ondramatically, yet they continue to maintain a stranglehold on

thethe ecosystemecosystem..
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfishhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackerelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackerelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecosystemhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zooplanktonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackerelhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sprathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anchovyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fishing_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Seahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mnemiopsis_leidyihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jellyfish


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Inasie speciesInasie speciescan take oer once occupied areas, facilitatecan take oer once occupied areas, facilitatethe spread of new diseases, introduce newthe spread of new diseases, introduce new geneticgeneticmaterial,material,

alter underwater seascapes and GeopardiHe the ability ofalter underwater seascapes and GeopardiHe the ability of

natie speciesnatie speciesto obtain food. Inasie species areto obtain food. Inasie species are

responsible for about P08= billion annually in lost reenueresponsible for about P08= billion annually in lost reenue

and management costs in the 2& alone.and management costs in the 2& alone.

&hips can pollute waterways and seas in many ways.&hips can pollute waterways and seas in many ways.

"il spills"il spillscan hae deastating effects. Fhile being to#ic tocan hae deastating effects. Fhile being to#ic to

marine life,marine life, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonspolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons('+@s), found('+@s), foundinin crude oilcrude oil, are ery difficult to clean up and last for years in, are ery difficult to clean up and last for years in

thethe sedimentsedimentand marine enironment.and marine enironment.

>II $ase study>II $ase study: large container carrier: large container carrier
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sedimenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crude_oilhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycyclic_aromatic_hydrocarbonshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oil_spillshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Native_specieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasive_species


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yy gg

3.3 Introduction3.3 Introduction

The purpose of this conceptual studyThe purpose of this conceptual study regarding aregarding a containercontainership is to show how the e#haust gas emissions can beship is to show how the e#haust gas emissions can be

reduced for a typical large container ship by usingreduced for a typical large container ship by usingappropriate deeloped and emerging technologies forappropriate deeloped and emerging technologies forreduction of e#haust emissions.reduction of e#haust emissions.

The goal of the study was to achiee emission reductions inThe goal of the study was to achiee emission reductions incomparison with todayDs container ships of as shown below.comparison with todayDs container ships of as shown below.

These goals for the reductions were settled as the oerallThese goals for the reductions were settled as the oeralltarget for the proGect Areen &hip of the /uture-:target for the proGect Areen &hip of the /uture-:$"$"%%: 83 4: 83 4

!"#: 73 4!"#: 73 4&"&"%%: 73 4: 73 4

This container ship study is one of two studies supported byThis container ship study is one of two studies supported bythe 6anish aritime /und and is part of the many proGectsthe 6anish aritime /und and is part of the many proGectsunder the 6anish proGect Areen &hip of the /uture under the 6anish proGect Areen &hip of the /uture

1mission restrictions coming in force internationally or1mission restrictions coming in force internationally orregionally in 1$+Es (1$+ Q 1mission $ontrol +reas).regionally in 1$+Es (1$+ Q 1mission $ontrol +reas).

$oncerning 1$+ (1mission $ontrol +reas), there is a


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tendency to e#tent these areas worldwide.ately 1'+ (2& 1mission 'ollution +gency) has put

forward a proposal that will e#tend the 1$+ area to %33

nautical miles from the coast of $anada and 2&+. It containsdemands concerning use of fuels with less than 3,04 sulphurfrom %30? and =34 !"# reduction from %30L.

Instead of using low sulphur @/" this proposal calls for

e#haust gas cleaning deices (scrubbers-) which canremoe the &o# from the e#haust gas.This method can be beneficial as the demand of low

sulphur @/" most probably will e#ceed the total productionworldwide in the future.

$alifornia $+K requirements limit sulphur content offuels to 3.?34 or less in $alifornian ports and within %nautical miles from the $alifornian coastline from ay %337 Bi.e. already in force.

The table does not show the effect, when the measures and


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methods are combined in a ship.The effect of combinations depend on ship type, siHe, andfinally but not least of the actual combination of technologies

used in an actual proGect.This ery point will be dealt with in this report.

0.3 Aeneral

The container ship study is centered on the aersk ineEsships B a ship type which has a capacity of =?33 T12 (T12 Qa twenty feet equialent container unit). This type belongs tothe group of ships with 0< container positions across ondeck, which comprises about %L 4 of the entire post

panama# container ship fleet, in turns of number of ships andthe number of T12 positions on board (e#isting and orderedas of august %337).The ships were built at "dense &teel &hipyard in %338%33

and are typical designs of the time i.e. fast slender

ost notable feature, howeer, being that they hae completed bl h ll t t d il t k i th il t k t d


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/ig.?: +.'. Rller B Srsk +$lass container ship: +nna

double hull protected oil tanks, i.e. the oil tanks are separatedfrom the ship side by a double hull construction. The cargohold design is based on high cube containers i.e. containers

with a height of 7,? feet.Kelow the waterline the ships were coated with a tinfree selfpolishing anti fouling coating.

%.3 6escription of the +class container ship


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The main data for this ship type is: ength oer all: 8?%.%? m ength '': 88L.3 m

Kreadth: %.=3 m 6epth: %.03 m 6raught (scantling): 0?.33 m 6eadweight (scantling): 037333 tons

I&" container capacity: appro#. =?33 T12 ain engine: Frtsil 0%T+7L$ ain engine power output ($): L8333 kF eolutions: 033 ' 1lectrical shaft motor: L333 kF

6iesel generators:0 # %?73 kF(e)8 # 8?? kF(e)

The ship has an =.7 meter diameter fi#ed pitch propeller withL blades and a conentional semi spade rudder


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L blades and a conentional semi spade rudder.The design speed, %L. ? knots in calm weather, with a powerrequirement e#ceeding the serice rating of =?4 $ of themain engine the total propulsion power requirement istherefore supplemented by e#tra power from an electric shaftmotor ('TI Q power take in).To obtain the %L.? knots the main engine deliers ?L333 kFand the electric shaft motor L333 kF, in total L%333 kF.To drie the shaft motor a total of L


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(?L333 # 0L?.8 U (L


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/ig.L: +$lass container ship siHed for =?33 T12 containers B'rofile and cross section.

.3 achinery arrangement

The machinery arrangement for the container ship is

concentrated around the main engine with all the ancillarysystems distributed on the different decks from tank top tocasing.


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/ig.


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/ig.=: $ontainership: tank top

arrangement in

engine room withmain engine andmisc. ancillary

machineryequipment

/ig.7: $ontainer ship:+ ili i d k


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+u#iliary engine deckarrangement with 8(out of ) au#iliary

engines.


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/ig.03: $ontainer ship:

engine room deckarrangement with th

au#iliary engine.


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/ig.00: $ontainership: 'rofile iew of

engine room andsuperstructure

Date post:	02-Jun-2018
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