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LOS PRONOMBRESPronombres de sujeto Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo I yo I am ill. Yo estoy enfermo. You tú, usted You are hungry. Tú estás hambriento. He él He is handsome. Él es guapo. She ella She is pretty. Ella es guapa It él, ella It's cold today.
Hoy hace frío. (este pronombre a menudo se omite)
We nosotros We are tired. Nosotros estamos cansados.
You vosotros, ustedes
You are angry. Vosotros estáis enfadados.
They ellos, ellas They are at the cinema.
Ellos están en el cine.
Pronombres de objeto (directo / indirecto)
Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo
Me me, mí I want it for me. Lo quiero para mí. You te, tu, tí, usted I 'm helping you. Te estoy ayudando. Him él, le, lo Can you see him? ¿Le puedes ver? Her ella, le, la She is pretty. I like
her. Ella es bonita. Me gusta ella.
It lo, la, ello, le Give it a kick. Dale una patada. Us nosotros, nos He is helping us. Él nos está ayudando. You vosotros, les,
ustedes, os I saw you. Os vi.
Them ellos, les, los, las,
I 'm waiting for them.
Los estoy esperando.
Adjetivos posesivos Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo My mi, mis This is my blouse. Esta es mi blusa. Your tu, tus This is your tie. Esta es tu corbata. His su, sus
(masculino) This is his wardrobe.
Este es su vestuario.
Her su, sus (femenino)
This is her dress. Este es su vestido.
Its su, sus This is its collar. Este es su collar. Our nuestro/a
nuestros/as These are our suitcases.
Estas son nuestras maletas.
Your vuestro/a, vuestros/as
These are your seats.
Estos son vuestros asientos.
Their su, sus (de ellos) Here are their socks.
Aquí están sus calcetines.
Pronombres posesivos Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo Mine mío/s, mía/s This coat is mine. Este abrigo es mío. Yours tuyo/s, tuya/s My name is Tony.
What's yours? Mi nombre es Toni. ¿Cuál es el tuyo?
His suyo/s, suya/s(de él)
This computer is his.
Esta computadora es suya.
Hers suyo/s, suya/s(de ella)
The blue bag is hers.
El bolso azul es suyo.
Ours nuestro/s,
nuestra/s The suitcases are ours.
Las maletas son nuestras.
Yours vuestro/a, vuestros/as,
The handicap is yours.
La desventaja es vuestra.
Theirs suyo/a, suyos/as (de ellos )
This is theirs. Esto es suyo.
Pronombres reflexivos Ejemplo Traducción ejemplo Myself yo mismo, me I saw it for myself. Yo mismo lo ví. Yourself tú mismo, te, se Don't burn yourself
! ¡No te quemes!
Himself él mismo, se He hurt himself. Se hizo daño. Herself ella misma, se She did it herself. Lo hizo ella misma. Itself él mismo, se The cat scratched
itself. El gato se arañó.
Ourselves nosotros mismos, nos
We are enjoying ourselves.
Estamos disfrutando nosotros mismos.
Yourselves vosotros mismos, ustedes mismos, se
Did you paint the house yourselves?
¿Pintasteis la casa vosotros mismos?
Themselves ellos mismos, consigo mismos, se
They were speaking to themselves.
Ellos hablaban consigo mismos.
Each other el uno del otro, se
They were speaking to each other.
Ellos hablaban entre sí.
A o an, corresponde a los siguientes artículos en español: un, una.
A se usa con nombres que comienzan por consonante. ejemplos: a book = un libro a pen = un bolígrafo a chair = una silla
An se usa con nombres que comienzan por vocal. ejemplos: an animal = un animal an answer = una contestación an example = un ejemplo
Usamos a antes de una palabra comenzada por la letra u cuando esta es pronunciada como el sonido figurado "yu".ejemplo: a university Usamos an antes de una palabra comenzada por una h que no pronunciamos.ejemplo: an hour
Usos del artículo
Usamos a / an delante de los nombres singulares. ejemplo: Have you got a bicycle? (¿tienes una bicicleta?) I've got an umbrella. (Yo tengo un paraguas) Usamos a / an cuando hablamos del oficio de alguién. ejemplo: Maria is a journalist. (Maria es una periodista) Tom Cruise is an actor (Tom Cruise es un actor) No usamos a / an delante de nombres plurales. ejemplo: Have you got two bicycles? (¿tienes dos bicicletas?)
Preposiciones de tiempo y lugar ON Significado: sobre, encima de, de, al Usos: delante de: días, días concretos, días + meses, fechas, partes del día, fin de semana (inglés americano). Ejemplos: My room is on the first floor. (mi habitación está en la primera planta) en inglés americano sería on the second floor You don't work on Sunday. (tu no trabajas el domingo)
On the June 10th elections. (en las elecciones del 10 de junio) They go to church on Christmas day. (ellos van a la iglesia en el día de Navidad) I usually play tennis on weekends. (normalmente voy a jugar al tenis en los fines de semana) (Inglés americano)
IN Significado: en, dentro, dentro de, hacia adentro. Usos: delante de: meses, años, estaciones, partes del día. Ejemplos: I live in Brighton (vivo en Brighton) My birthday is in June (mi cumpleaños es en junio) I was born in 1970 (nací en 1970) We often go swimming in the summer (a menudo vamos a nadar en verano) We usually watch TV in the evening (normalmente vemos la televisión al anochecer)
AT Significado: en, a, por, delante, cerca de Usos: delante de: horas, días festivos, weekend (fin de semana) inglés británico , night (noche), home (cuando el significando es estar en casa). Ejemplos: I live at 42 Porltand Street. (vivo en el 42 de Portland Street) He is at home (él está en casa ) I usually get up at 7 o'clock. (normalmente me levanto a las 7 en punto) I always visit my parents at Christmas (siempre visito a mis padres en Navidades) I usually play tennis at weekends. (normalmente juego al tenis en los fines de semana) (inglés británico).
nota: at the end significa al final ejemplo: At the end of my holiday. (al final de mis vacaciones)a diferencia de in the end que se traduce como la expresión (al fin y al cabo) Preposiciones de lugar y movimiento
Opposite Significado: contrario, en frente de Ejemplo: The hotel is opposite the station. (el hotel está en frente de la estación)
On the corner Significado: en la esquina Ejemplo: The bank is on the corner. (el banco está en la esquina)
Between Significado: entre Ejemplo: The shop is between the baker's and the station. (la tienda está entre la panaderia y la estación)
In front of Significado: enfrente de, delante de Ejemplo: There is a bus stop in front of the flower shop. (hay una parada de bus enfrente de la floristería)
Near Significado: cerca de
Ejemplo: The school is near the bank. (la escuela está cerca del banco)
Behind Significado: detrás de Ejemplo: The church is behind the school. (la iglesia está detrás de la escuela)
Next to Significado: a continuación de, al lado de Ejemplo: It's next to the chemist's. (está junto a la farmacia.)
Into Significado: dentro de, en Ejemplo: The woman is diving into the water (la mujer esta zambulléndose dentro del agua)
Out of Significado: fuera de Ejemplo: My mother is out of the room. (mi madre está fuera de la habitación)
Off Significado: distante de, alejado de Ejemplo: My house is off the main road. (mi casa está alejada de la carretera principal)
Los colores
Inglés Españolblack negroblue azulbrown marróngreen verdegrey grisnavy azul marinoorange naranjapink rosapurple violeta / moradored rojowhite blancoyellow amarillo
El artículo determinante o definido se traduce en inglés por The. Es invariable y corresponde a las formas españolas el, la, los, las.
Ejemplos:The boy (el niño)The boys (los niños) The girl (la niña)
The girls (las niñas) The book (el libro) The books (los libros)
El artículo definido puede ir precedido de las preposiciones of, to. En inglés no hay contracción de preposición y artículo, del y al se traducen por: of the (del) to the (al).
EjemplosOf the village. (del pueblo) Of the house. (de la casa) To the garden (al jardín) To the door (a la puerta)
Usos del artículo the:
Cuando sabemos de quién o de qué estamos hablando. Cuando hablamos de algo que lo hemos mencionado en una frase anterior. Con los adjetivos en grado superlativo. Con los sustantivos cuando indican un tipo o clase en general. Con los nombres propios de océanos, mares, montañas, naciones en plural... Con los adjetivos abstractos.
Ejemplos Can I have the drink? (¿puedo tomar la bebida?) cuando sabemos de que
bebida hablamos. Mr and Mrs Jones have a daughter and two sons. The daughter is
a doctor. (El sr. y la sra. Jones tienen una hija y dos hijos. La hija es doctora)
She is the best. (ella es la mejor) The ants are workers. (las hormigas son trabajadoras) The Alps. (los alpes) The fantastic (lo fantástico)
Casos en los que no usamos el artículo the:Cuando hablamos de algo en general.Delante de términos geográficos o topónimos.Delante de nombres de personas aunque estos estén precedidos de títulos.Delante de meses, estaciones y días festivos.Delante de las comidas generales como almuerzo, cena..Cuando hablamos de partes del cuerpo usando el verbo to have (tener)Delante de next (próximo, siguiente) y last (último, pasado)
Ejemplos:Houses are expensive. (las casas son caras) Life isn't easy. (la vida no es fácil) Fifth Avenue. (la quinta avenida) Spain. (España) King Charles (el rey Carlos) We'll see you in September. (te veremos en septiembre)
Del 1 al 12: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.
Del 13 al 19 tienen la terminación -teen (la terminación suena como <tin>): thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.
20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 tienen la terminación -ty ( la terminación suena como <ti>): twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
Para formar las decenas se añade un guión después de la decenas y el número:
twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three.... (veintiuno, veintidós, veintitrés....) forty-one, fifty-two, ninety-eight.. (cuarenta y uno, cincuenta y dos, noventa y ocho...)
Para las centenas sería: a / one hundred, two hundred .....(cien, doscientos...)
Para unir las centenas con las decenas se le añadirá and . two hundred and fifty-five... ( doscientos cincuenta y cinco)
Para los millares sería: a / one thousand, two thousand... (mil, dos mil...)
Para los millones sería: a / one million, two million... (un millón, dos millones...)
Ejemplos
a / one hundred and two (102) three hundred and twelve (312) five thousand and ten (5.010) two million five hundred thousand (2.500.000) six thousand two hundred and seventy - nine ( 6.279) two thousand two hundred and twenty -two (2.222) three thousand three hundred and thirty -three (3.333)
Números cardinales1 one2 two3 three4 four5 five6 six7 seven8 eight9 nine
10 ten11 eleven12 twelve13 thirteen14 fourteen15 fifteen16 sixteen17 seventeen18 eighteen19 nineteen20 twenty21 twenty-one22 twenty-two30 thirty40 forty50 fifty60 sixty70 seventy80 eighty90 ninety
100 a/one hundred101 a/one hundred
and one200 two hundred
1.000 a/one thousand
10.000 ten thousand100.000 a/one hundred
thousand1.000.000 a/one million
Primero, segundo y tercero son así:
1st first2nd second3rd third
La abreviatura de los números ordinales se forma con el número en cifra seguido por las últimas dos letras de la palabra completa: 1st (first), 2nd (second), 3rd (third), 20th (twentieth), 23rd (twenty-third)...
Del cuarto al decimoavo tienen la terminación -th:
4th fourth5th fifth6th sixth7th seventh8th eighth9th ninth10th tenth11th eleventh12th twelfth13th thirteenth14th fourteenth15th fifteenth16th sixteenth17th seventeenth18th eighteenth
Las decenas, millares y el millón también tienen la terminación -th:Para los números 20th,30th,40th,50th,60th,70th,80th y 90th (la terminación suena como <tiez>)
20th twentieth 30th thirtieth 40th fortieth 80th eightieth 100th hundredth 1000th thousandth 1.000.000th millionth
Las decenas se unen con un guión al igual que los números cardinales, pero las unidades tienen la terminación -th, menos first que termina en -st, second que termina en -nd, y third que termina en -rd.
21st twenty-first22nd twenty-second23rd twenty-third24th twenty-fourth
Números ordinales1st first
2nd second3rd third4th fourth5th fifth6th sixth7th seventh8th eighth9th ninth
10th tenth11th eleventh12th twelfth13th thirteenth14th fourteenth15th fifteenth16th sixteenth17th seventeenth18th eighteenth19th nineteenth20th twentieth21st twenty-first
22nd twenty-second30th thirtieth40th fortieth50th fiftieth60th sixtieth70th seventieth80th eightieth90th ninetieth
100th hundredth101st hundred and first200th two hundredth
1.000th thousandth10.000th ten thousandth
100.000th hundred thousandth1.000.000th millionth
Reglas gramaticales
A la mayoria de nombres se les agrega una s al final para formar el plural.ejemploscamera / cameraspen / penscup / cupscar / cars
Reglas generales para formar el plural
1. Palabras que terminan en consonante + y: la Y cambia a I y añadimos ES Ejemplo:party - partiescity - citIES
2. Palabras que terminan en vocal + y: añadimos una S. Ejemplo: boy - boyStoy - toyS
3. Palabras que terminan en SS, S, SH, CH, X, O: añadimos ES Ejemplo: glass - glassESbus - busESbrush - brushESwatch - watchESbox - boxEStomato - tomatoES
4. Palabras que terminan en F, FE: cambiamos la F o FE por VES ejemplo: leaf - leaVESwife - wives
Plurales irregulares
Muchos sustantivos se pluralizan de un modo irregular, existen dos casos:caso 1Cuando el singular y plural no cambian.ejemplosfish (pez o pescado) singularfish (peces o pescados) plural
sheep (oveja) singularsheep (ovejas) plural
El plural de fish puede ser fishes en el caso de que nos refiramos a disintas clases de pescado. Ejemplo: There are over 24,000 described species of fishes in the world.
caso 2
Cuando el plural varía de modo irregular. Por lo tanto, no existe regla la cual se pueda seguir y hay que aprenderse las formas irregulares de cada uno.
SINGULAR SIGNIFICADO PLURAL SIGNIFICADO
man hombre men hombreswoman mujer women mujereschild niño children niñosperson persona people personastooth diente teeth dientesfoot pie feet piesmouse ratón mice ratones
Saludos, despedidas y presentaciones
Buenos díasGood morning
Buenas tardesGood afternoon
Buenas nochesGood evening
Buenas nochesGood night
¡Adios! Bye, Good bye
¡Hasta luego!See you later!
¡Hasta pronto!See you (soon)!
¡Hasta mañana!See you tomorrow!
¡Hola! Hi! Hello!
(también en inglés americano: howdy! hiya!)
¿Cómo estás?How are you?
¿Qué tal? How are things?
¿Qué tal?How are you getting on?
bien, graciasfine, thanks
¿A qué te dedicas?What do you do?
¿Cómo te llamas?What's your name?
¿Puedo presentarme?May I introduce myself?
Quisiera que conociese a...I'd like you to meet...
Le presento a ...Let me introduce you to ...
Encantado, Mucho gusto Nice / pleased to meet you.
¡Mucho gusto! / Cómo les va?How do you do?
¿Cómo está tu familia?
How's your family?
¿Tu familia está bien?Is your family well?
Salúdalos en mi nombre.Give them my kindest regards.
¡buena suerte!All the best!
Estoy a tu disposición.I am at your disposal.
Recuerdos a todos.Kind regards to everybody.
Recuerdos! / Mis mejores deseos! Best wishes!
Las personas
Inglés Español adolescent adolescente adult adulto baby bebé boy chico chap tío child niño/a fellow colega gentleman señor, caballero girl chica grown-up adulto individual individuo lady señora man hombre middle-aged de mediana edad old viejo people gente person persona teenager adolescente
toddler niño que empieza a andar
woman mujer young joven
youth adolecenteStudy english: The adjective
Un adjetivo es una palabra que acompaña y modifica al nombre. Puede ampliar, complementar o cuantificar su tamaño.
the tall professora seven-year-old child
El inglés tiene ocho clases de adjetivos:
1. Calificativos: fat, red, nice...2. Demostrativos: this, that, these, those3. Distributivos: each, every, either, neither4. Cuantitativos: some ,any, many...5. Interrogativos: which?, what? ...6. Posesivos: my, your...7. Propios: English, Spanish8. Numerales: one, four, first, second...
El género y número
El adjetivo en inglés es invariable, es decir, no cambia con el género ni con el número:fast --> rápido, rápida, rápidos, rápidas
Los adjetivos demostrativos tienen diferentes formas para el singular y el plural:
this pencilthese pencils
los adjetivos cuantitativos tienen diferentes formas para el singular y el plural:
much milk (mucha leche)many books (muchos libros)
Estudiar inglés: Los adjetivos cualificativosStudy english: The descriptive adjectives
Los adjetivos son palabras que nombran o indican cualidades, rasgos y propiedades de los nombres o sustantivos a los que acompañan.
It's a dark street It's getting old
El adjetivo se situa antes del nombre o después de un grupo de verbos (appear, be, become, feel, get, look, seem, smell, stay, taste)
My sister is beautifulShe looks tiredIt's getting dark
Podemos usar dos o más adjetivos juntos:a small black book
El orden de los adjetivos
Como norma general, seguimos el siguiente orden cuando nombramos a varios adjetivos:
1 opinión /valor delicious, wonderful, nice...2 tamaño y longitud huge, short, large, small ...3 edad / temperatura new, old, hot ...4 forma y superficie round, fat, thin ...5 color red, black ...6 origen Spanish, American, Victorian ...7 material silver, cotton, paper, iron ...8 uso electric, political9 nombre bath (towel)
a large black papera small red tablea wonderful old citya small old bath towel
Conjugación verbo be (ser o estar)
infinitivo: to be presente: am / is / arepasado: was / wereparticipio: been
Modo indicativo
Presente (present): yo soy, tú eres, él es ...
sintaxis: sujeto + presente
I am It isYou are We areHe is You areShe is They are
Pretérito imperfecto /pasado simple (past simple): yo era, tú eras, él era...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I was It wasYou were We were
He was You wereShe was They were
Pretérito perfecto compuesto (present perfect): yo he sido, tú has sido, él ha sido...
sintaxis: sujeto + have / has + participio del verbo
I have been It has beenYou have been We have beenHe has been You have beenShe has been They have been
Pluscuamperfecto (past perfect): yo había / hube sido, tú habías /hubiste sido, él había /hubo sido...
sintaxis: sujeto + had + participio del verbo
I had been It had beenYou had been We had beenHe had been You had beenShe had been They had been
Futuro (future): yo seré, tú serás, él será...
sintaxis: sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo
I will be It will beYou will be We will beHe will be You will beShe will be They will be
Futuro perfecto (future perfect): yo habré sido, tú habras sido, él habrá sido...
sintaxis: sujeto + will have + participio del verbo
I will have been It will have beenYou will have been We will have been He will have been You will have beenShe will have been They will have been
Condicional (conditional): yo sería, tú serías, él sería...
sintaxis: sujeto + would/should + modo infinitivo del verbo
I would be It would be
You would be We would beHe would be You would beShe would be They would be
Condicional perfecto (past conditional): yo habría o hubiera sido, tú habrías o hubieras sido...
sintaxis: sujeto + would + have + participio del verbo
I would have been It would have beenYou would have been We would have been He would have been You would have beenShe would have been They would have been
Modo Subjuntivo
Presente subjuntivo: Yo sea, tú seas, él sea...
sintaxis: sujeto + infinitivo
I be It beYou be We beHe be You be She be They be
Pretérito imperfecto: yo fuera, tú fueras, él fuera...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I were It were You were We wereHe were You were She were They were
Pluscuamperfecto: yo hubiera sido, tú hubieras sido, él hubiera sido...
sintaxis: sujeto +had + participio del verbo
I had been It had beenYou had been We had beenHe had been You had beenShe had been They had been
Conjugación verbo do (hacer)
infinitivo: to dopresente: do / does
pasado: didparticipio: done
Modo indicativo
Presente (present simple): yo hago, tú haces, él hace..
sintaxis: sujeto + presente
I do It doesYou do We doHe does You doShe does They do
Pretérito imperfecto /pasado simple (past simple): yo hacía, tú hacías, él hacía...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I did It didYou did We didHe did You didShe did They did
Pretérito perfecto compuesto (present perfect): yo he hecho, tú has hecho, él ha hecho...
sintaxis: sujeto + have / has + participio del verbo
I have done It has doneYou have done We have doneHe has done You have doneShe has done They have done
Pluscuamperfecto (past perfect): yo había / hube hecho, tú habías /hubiste hecho, él había /hubo hecho...
sintaxis: sujeto + had + participio del verbo
I had done It had doneYou had done We had doneHe had done You had doneShe had done They had done
Futuro (future): yo haré, tú harás, él hará...
sintaxis: sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo
I will do It will do
You will do We will doHe will do You will doShe will do They will do
Futuro perfecto (future perfect): yo habré hecho, tú habras hecho, él habrá hecho...
sintaxis: sujeto + will have + participio del verbo
I will have done It will have doneYou will have done We will have done He will have done You will have doneShe will have done They will have done
Condicional (conditional): yo haría, tú harías, él haría...
sintaxis: sujeto + would/should + modo infinitivo del verbo
I would do It would doYou would do We would doHe would do You would doShe would do They would do
Condicional perfecto (past conditional): yo habría o hubiera hecho, tú habrías o hubieras hecho...
sintaxis: sujeto + would + have + participio del verbo
I would have done It would have doneYou would have done We would have done He would have done You would have doneShe would have done They would have done
Modo Subjuntivo
Presente subjuntivo: Yo haga, tú hagas, él haga...
sintaxis: sujeto + infinitivo
I do It do You do We doHe do You do She do They do
Pretérito imperfecto: yo hiciera, tú hicieras, él hiciera...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I did It did You did We didHe did You did She did They did
Pluscuamperfecto: yo hubiera hecho, tú hubieras hecho, él hubiera hecho...
sintaxis: sujeto +had + participio del verbo
I had done It had doneYou had done We had doneHe had done You had doneShe had done They had done
Conjugación verbo have (tener o haber)
infinitivo: to havepresente: have / haspasado: hadparticipio: had
Modo indicativo
Presente (Present simple): yo tengo, tú tienes, él tiene ...
sintaxis: sujeto + presente
I have It hasYou have We haveHe has You haveShe has They have
Pretérito imperfecto / pasado simple (past simple): yo tenía, él tenía, tú tenías...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I had It hadYou had We hadHe had You hadShe had They had
Pretérito perfecto compuesto (present perfect): yo he tenido, tú has tenido, él ha tenido...
sintaxis: sujeto + have / has + participio del verbo
I have had It has hadYou have had We have hadHe has had You have hadShe has had They have had
Pluscuamperfecto (past perfect): yo había / hube tenido, tú habías / hubiste tenido, él había / hubo tenido...
sintaxis: sujeto + had + participio del verbo
I had had It had hadYou had had We had hadHe had had You had hadShe had had They had had
Futuro (future): yo tendré, tú tendrás, él tendrá...
sintaxis: sujeto + will + verbo en infinitivo
I will have It will haveYou will have We will haveHe will have You will haveShe will have They will have
Futuro perfecto (future perfect): yo habré tenido, tú habras tenido, él habrá tenido...
sintaxis: sujeto + will have + participio del verbo
I will have had It will have hadYou will have had We will have had He will have had You will have hadShe will have had They will have had
Condicional (conditional): yo tendría, tú tendrías, él tendría...
sintaxis: sujeto + would/should + modo infinitivo del verbo
I would have It would haveYou would have We would haveHe would have You would haveShe would have They would have
Condicional perfecto (past conditional): yo habría o hubiera tenido, tú habrías o hubieras tenido...
sintaxis: sujeto + would + have + participio del verbo
I would have had It would have hadYou would have had We would have had He would have had You would have hadShe would have had They would have had
Modo Subjuntivo
Presente subjuntivo: Yo tenga, tú tengas, él tenga...
sintaxis: sujeto + infinitivo
I have It have You have We haveHe have You have She have They have
Pretérito imperfecto: yo tuviera, tú tuvieras, él tuviera...
sintaxis: sujeto + pasado del verbo
I had It had You had We hadHe had You had She had They had
Pluscuamperfecto: yo hubiera tenido, tú hubieras tenido, él hubiera tenido...
sintaxis: sujeto +had + participio del verbo
I had had It had hadYou had had We had hadHe had had You had hadShe had had They had had
CONJUGACIÓN DEL VERBO: TO FALL
PRESENT / PRESENTEAffirmativeI fall
You fallHe fallsShe falls
InterrogativeDo I fall?Do you fall?
Does he fall?Does she fall?
NegativeI do not fallYou do not fallHe does not fallShe does not fall
It fallsWe fallYou fallThey fall
Does it fall?Do we fall?Do you fall?Do they fall?
It does not fallWe do not fallYou do not fallThey do not fall
PAST / PASADO
AffirmativeI fell
You fellHe fellShe fellIt fell
We fellYou fellThey fell
InterrogativeDid I fall?Did you fall?Did he fall?Did she fall?Did it fall?Did we fall?Did you fall?Did they fall?
Negative
I did not fall
You did not fall
He did not fall
She did not fall
It did not fall
We did not fall
You did not fall
They did not fall
FUTURE / FUTURO
AffirmativeI will fall
You will fallHe will fallShe will fallIt will fall
We will fallYou will fallThey will fall
InterrogativeWill I fall?Will you fall?Will he fall?Will she fall?Will it fall?Will we fall?Will you fall?Will they fall?
Negative
I will not fall
You will not fall
He will not fall
She will not fall
It will not fall
We will not fall
You will not fall
They will not fall
PRESENT PERFECT / PRETÉRITO PERFECTOAffirmativeI have fallen
You have fallenHe has fallenShe has fallen
InterrogativeHave I fallen?Have you fallen?Has he fallen?Has she fallen?
Negative
I have not fallen
You have not fallen
He has not fallen
It has fallenWe have fallenYou have fallenThey have fallen
Has it fallen?Have we fallen?Have you fallen?Have they fallen?
She has not fallenIt has not fallen
We have not fallen
You have not fallen
They have not fallen
PAST PERFECT / PLUSCUAMPERFECTO
AffirmativeI had fallen
You had fallenHe had fallenShe had fallenIt had fallen
We had fallenYou had fallenThey had fallen
InterrogativeHad I fallen?Had you fallen?Had he fallen?Had she fallen?Had it fallen?Had we fallen?Had you fallen?Had they fallen?
Negative
I had not fallen
You had not fallen
He had not fallen
She had not fallen
It had not fallen
We had not fallen
You had not fallen
They had not fallen
CONDITIONAL / CONDICIONAL
AffirmativeI would fall
You would fallHe would fallShe would fallIt would fall
We would fallYou would fallThey would fall
InterrogativeWould I fall?Would you fall?Would he fall?Would she fall?Would it fall?Would we fall?Would you fall?Would they fall?
Negative
I would not fall
You would not fall
He would not fall
She would not fall
It would not fall
We would not fall
You would not fall
They would not fall
Tiempos Verbales - Presente simple Verb Tenses - Present simple
Sintaxis: sujeto + Verbo
El presente simple se utiliza para hablar de cosas que suceden repetidamente. Se suele utilizar con los siguientes adverbios de tiempo:every day - usually - often - sometimes... I eat every day at school./ Yo como cada día en la escuela.
También se utiliza para hablar de hechos que son en general verdad:Elephants live in Africa and India./ Los elefantes viven en África y en India.
Al conjugar el presente simple se tiene que añadir una s final al verbo pero solo en las terceras personas. Ejemplo conjugación verbo to like.
I likeYou likeShe likesHe likesIt likesWe likeYou likeThey like
Los verbos to be, to have y to do tienen una conjugación diferente a la de los demás verbos.
Estudiar inglés: Tiempos Verbales - Presente continuo Study english: Verb Tenses - Present continuos
sintaxis: sujeto + TO BE + Verbo + INGEl presente continuo se utiliza para hablar sobre algo que está pasando en el momento en el que hablamos. ejemplo: I'm writing a letter. Estoy escribiendo una carta. ejemplo: He is doing some photocopying Él está haciendo alguna fotocopia. También lo usamos para hablar de algo que está sucediendo por el momento pero no necesariamente cuando hablamos.ejemplo: I'm looking for a job at the moment En estos momentos estoy buscando un trabajo.
Estudiar inglés: Formas CortasStudy english: Short Forms
Algunas conjugaciones pueden tener formas cortas cuando van detrás de pronombres como I, you, he...
Ejemplo: I am --> I'mTambién las podemos usar detrás de nombres.Ejemplo: Susan's had a baby. (Susan has had a baby).
Las formas cortas se utilizan en el lenguage coloquial y en cartas informales.
Verbo Forma cortaam (presente verbo to be) I'mare (presente verbo to be) you're, we're, you're, they'reis (presente verbo to be) he's, she's, it'shas (presente verbo to have) he's, she's, it'shave (presente verbo to have) I've, you've, we've, they'vehad (pasado verbo to have) I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, they'dwould (condicional) I'd, you'd, he'd, she'd, it'd, we'd, they'd
will (futuro) I'll, you'll, he'll, she'll, it'll, we'll, you'll, they'll
shall (futuro) I'll, we'll
Hacemos formas cortas con pronombres interrogativos.
Verbo Forma cortais (presente verbo to be) what's, who's, when's, how's...had (pasado verbo to have) who'dwould (condicional) who'dwill (futuro) what'll, who'll
Podemos hacer formas cortas con here, there y that.
Forma larga Forma cortahere is here'sthere is / there will there's / there'llthat is / that will that's / that'll
También podemos hacer la forma corta de algunos verbos en negativo.
Verbo Forma larga negativa Forma corta negativais (presente verbo to be) is not isn'tare (presente verbo to be) are not aren'tdo (presente verbo to do) do not don't does (presente verbo to do) does not doesn't
did (pasado verbo to do) did not didn'thas (presente verbo to have) has not hasn't
have (presente verbo to have) have not haven't
had (pasado verbo to have) had not hadn't
would, can, must, need, should...
would not, can not, must not...
wouldn't, can't, mustn't, needn't, shouldn't...
will (futuro) will not won'tshall (futuro) shall not shan't
Repasar las conjugaciones de los verbos to be, to have y to do: ir a conjugaciones
La familia
Inglés Español adopted adoptado aunt tía brother hermano cousin primo/a dad papá daughter hija daughter-in-law nuera elder el/la mayor family familia father padre father-in-law suegro foster parents familia de acogida godfather padrino godmother madrina grandchild nieto/a grandchildren nietos granddad abuelito granddaughter nieta grandfather abuelo grandma abuelita grandmother abuela grandpa abuelito grandparents abuelos grandson nieto great-grandfather bisabuelo great-grandmother bisabuela husband marido mother madre
mother-in-law suegra mum mamá nephew sobrino niece sobrina older mayor only child hijo/a único/a orphan huérfano parents padres single parent padre/madre soltero sister hermana son hijo son-in-law yerno stepdaughter hijastra stepfather padrastro stepmother madrastra stepson hijastro twins gemelos uncle tío wife esposa
Gramática inglesa- English GrammarLa hora en inglés
Una manera fácil de decir la hora es la de decir los números tal cual:
10.20 ten twenty2.15 two fifteen5.45 five forty-five
Para decir las horas en punto podemos decir:
nine o nine o'clock (nueve en punto)Pero no podemos decir: six-thirty o'clock
Podemos dar la exactitud de la hora diciendo:11:00 eleven a.m ó eleven in the morningeleven p.m ó eleven at night
Otra manera de decir la hora es la siguiente:
1:00 one o'clock3:10 ten past three4:15 a quarter past four 5:30 half past five
8:35 twenty-five to nine9:45 a quarter to ten
Diferencias entre inglés británico e inglés americano
* a quarter past (UK) y cuarto // a quarter after (US) y cuarto* a half past (UK) y media // thirty (US) y media
Preguntar y decir por la hora
What time is it? What's the time? (¿Qué hora es?)It's ... (Es la... Son las...)(At) What time ... ? (¿A qué hora ... ?)It's about ... (Son aproximadamente las ... )
En el inglés americano no se suele utilizar la expresión half past (y media). En su lugar tratan a la hora como si fuese digital. En cambio sí utilizan a quarter past (y cuarto) y a quarter to (menos cuarto).
No se utiliza oralmente el reloj de 24 horas excepto para el caso de horarios de aviones o trenes. Entonces para decir que son las 4:00 podemos decir four o'clock in the morning. Para decir 16:30 se diría half past four in the afternoon.
Para diferenciar las horas de la mañana y las de la tarde se emplea am y pm.
eleven a.m ó eleven in the morning (por la mañana)eleven p.m ó eleven at night (por la noche)
Ejercicios: Ordenar frases en inglésTema: Los adjetivos
Pon en orden las siguientes frases como en el siguiente ejemplo:
I / married / when / young / was / II married when I was young
Escribe en las cajas de texto y pulsa el botón solución.(si no funciona el botón solución, puedes ver también
las soluciones al final del ejercicio)
1. beautiful / red / was / long / wearing / she / dress / a
She was wearing a beautiful long red dress
2. face / he /expression / has / angry / an / his / on
He has an angry expression on his face
3. strange / this / tastes / bit / a / tea
This tea tastes a bit strange
4. with / are / the cats / veterinary / and / regularly / care / provided / food
The cats are regularly provided withfood and veterinary care.
5. large / there / table / is / wooden / beautiful / round / a
There is a beautiful large round wooden table
6. Texas / they / little / in / house / grew / in / up / a / comfortable
They grew up in a comfortable little house in Texas
7. dry / will / the / weather / cool / be /and
The weather will be cool and dry
8. sweet / my / is / father / a / man / old
My father is a sweet old man
9. the / drink / juice / a / healthy / apple / is
The apple juice is a healthy drink.
10. quickly / worker / he / does / a / everything / is / fast / he
He is a fast worker. He does everything quickly.
Para visualizar correctamente los ejercicios de esta web recomendamos utilizar Internet Explorer versión 5 o superior de Microsoft.
Soluciones1. She was wearing a beautiful long red dress 2. He has an angry expression on his face 3. This tea tastes a bit strange 4. The cats are regularly provided withfood and veterinary care.5. There is a beautiful large round wooden table6. They grew up in a comfortable little house in Texas7. The weather will be cool and dry8. My father is a sweet old man9. The apple juice is a healthy drink. 10. He is a fast worker. He does everything quickly.
Ejercicio: Las preposiciones
A continuación tienes una serie de oraciones a las cuales les falta alguna preposición, complétalas escogiendo la/s palabra/s correctas.
Al final del ejercicio pulsa el botón "resultado" para obtener la corrección del ejercicio, se señalizarán en color las respuestas correctas del ejercicio.
Corresponde a la lección: Las preposiciones Principio del formulario
1. There were many people ___ his funeral.
in
at
inside
2. I'm busy ____ the moment. I'm working ___ the computer.
at / on
in / on
in / in
3. I met him ____ the South ___ Spain.
by / in
on / of
in / of 4. My flat is ___ the first floor.
in
on
at 5. Your boss suggests a meeting __ Sunday afternoon.
in
on
at 6. We can meet __ the weekend. (american english)
in
on
at
7. I'm busy ___ this weekend.
__
in
on
8. We often go swimming ___ the summer.
on
in
at 9. My brithday is ___ the 10th of June.
on
in
at
10. I'll visit my parents ___ Christmas.
in
at
on
11. Peter and Susan always go to church ___ Christmas day.
in
at
on
12. I have seen your advertisement ___ the News.
in
at
inside
13. We've decided getting married __ the spring.
to
in
on
14. John lives somewhere near ___ Bournemouth.
in
___
from
15. What time do you eat ___ the evening?.
in
at
on 16. He goes every evening ____ night clubs.
to
at
___
17. Yesterday I went with Mary ___ party.
to a
a
at
18. Peter can't have been away. The lights were on __ his apartment.
at
of
in
19. When I arrived Mike was talking ___ Susan.
___
to
a
20. I went with my friends ___ last night.
___
the
at
21. My father hopes to be retired ____ year because he wants to have more free time.
next
the next
in next
22. We are going to travel __ train.
with
in
by
23. We went __ Ireland ___ our holidays last year.
to / in
to / for
in / for
24. ___ this time tomorrow we'll be flying over the Atlantic.
in
at
for
25. Our friends are going to meet us ___ the airport tonight.
in
to
at
26. This present is ___ you.
to
by
for
27. We are watching a film __ TV.
in
on
at
28. Turn __ the second left and you will find the bank.
___
in
on
29. Peter is studying ___ a chemist.
for
to
as
30. He suggested going __ a walk.
for
to
to go
Ejemplos orales del tema: Los números cardinales Los números
ordinales
One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve.Thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen.Twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety.Twenty-one, twenty-two, twenty-three....Forty-one, fifty-two, ninety-eight...A hundred or one hundred, two hundred... Two hundred and fifty-five...A thousand or one thousand, two thousand...A million or one million, two million...One hundred and two Three hundred and twelveFive thousand and ten.Two million five hundred thousand. six thousand two hundred and seventy - ninetwo thousand two hundred and twenty -two three thousand three hundred and thirty -three1st, first, 2nd, second, 3rd, third...4th, fourth, 5th, fifth, 6th, sixth, 7th, seventh, 8th, eighth, 9th, ninth,
10th, tenth, 11th, eleventh...12th, twelfth, 13th, thirteenth, 14th, fourteenth, 15th, fifteenth, 16th
sixteenth...20th, twentieth, 30th, thirtieth, 40th, fortieth, 80th, eightieth...100th hundredth, 1.000th thousandth, 1.000.000th millionth.21st twenty-first, 22nd twenty-second, 23rd twenty-third, 24th twenty-
fourth.
Ejercicio: Ordenar frases Tema: Presente simple y presente continuo
Pon en orden las siguientes frases como en el siguiente ejemplo:
I / married / when / young / was / II married when I was young
Escribe en las cajas de texto, al final del ejercicio encontrarás las respuestas.
1) is / having / he / breakfast
2) every / basketball / play / I / Tuesday
3) 7:30 / gets up / my father / at
4) do / what / every / day / do / you / ?
5) holiday / going / I'm / on / thinking / of
6) I do / read / do / you / books / a lot of / Yes,
7) and / sometimes / the cinema / my friend / I / to / go
8) brother / doesn't / Canada / live / my / in
9) to / How / go / do / your / you / school
10) the summer / really / important / sun cream / wear / it's / to / in
11) days / these / Peter /what / doing / is / ?
12) looking / I'm / for / at / a job / the moment
13) visit / at / I / Christmas / my parents / will
Solución ejercicio: 1. He is having breakfast..2. I play basketball every tuesday. 3. My father gets up at 7:30 4. What do you do every day?5. I'm thinking of going on holiday. 6. Do you read a lot of books? Yes, I do.7. My friend and I sometimes go to the cinema.8. My brother doesn't live in Canada.9. How do you go to your school?10. It's really important to wear sun cream in the summer.12.What is Peter doing these days?13 I'm looking for a job at the moment..14. I will visit my parents at Christmas.
Ejercicio: Aprender y repasar los verbos irregulares
Con este ejercicio te proponemos repasar los verbos irregulares. Consiste en escribir el pasado, participio y el significado de cada verbo en su casilla correspondiente. Después posicionándote con el ratón encima de "ver solución" podrás verificar si tus respuestas han sido correctas. Intenta repetir este ejercicio hasta que no cometas ningún error.
VERBO PASADO PARTICIPIO SIGNIFICAD
OTO BETO BEAT TO BITE TO BLOW TO CATCH TO CHOOSE TO DO TO DRAW TO FALL TO FLY TO FORBID TO FORGET TO GET TO KNOW TO LAY TO LIE TO LIG
HT TO SHAKE TO SHUT TO SOW TO STAND TO SWEAR TO SWEEP TO TAKE TO TELL TO WAKE TO WEAR TO WRITE
Ejercicio: Formar pluralesSelecciona la opción correcta de cada cuestión. Al final del ejercicio pulsa el botón "resultado" para obtener la corrección del ejercicio.
Corresponde a la lección: Singular y plural de los sustantivos
Principio del formulario
1. El plural de baby es...
babis babyes babies
2. El plural de cake es...
cakes
cakees caks
3. El plural de church es...
churches churchs churchees
4. El plural de glass es...
glass glasses glases
5. El plural de wife es...
wifes wifees wives
6. El plural de fish es...
fishes fishs fish
7. El plural de box es ...
boxs boxes boxees
8. El plural de party es...
partys partis parties
9. El plural de month es ...
month months monthies
10. El plural de toy es ...
toys tois toies
11. El plural de child es ...
children childs childes
12. El plural de brush es ...
brushs brushes brushies
13. El plural de hobby es ...
hobbies hobbys hobbis
14. El plural de sheep es ...
sheep sheepes sheeps
15. El plural de dress es ...
dreses dresses dressies
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Ejemplos orales del tema: Singular y plural de los sustantivos
baby - babies
cake - cakes
church - churches
glass - glasses
wife - wives
fish - fish
box - boxes
party - parties
month - months
toy - toys
child - children
brush - brushes
hobby - hobbies
sheep - sheep
dress - dresses
Ejemplos orales del tema: Saludos y despedidas
Good morning
Good afternoon
Good evening
Good night
Bye, Good bye
See you later!
See you soon!
See you tomorrow!
Hi! Hello!
How are you?
How are things?
How are you getting on?
fine, thanks
What do you do?
What's your name?
May I introduce myself?
I'd like you to meet...
Let me introduce you to ...
Nice to meet you.
How do you do?
How's your family?
Is your family well? Give them my kindest
regards.
All the best!
I am at your disposal.
Kind regards to everybody.
Best wishes!