1. A-A joints allow less flexion extension motion than
rotation. There is greater movement with extention (upto 10o) than
with flexion (upto 5o).
2. Cerebro-spinal MRI (a,b,c) performed in a 27-year-old female
presenting with intense headache and craniofacial deformities.
Sagittal T1 (b) and T2 (c) weighted images show foramen magnum
stenosis producing a compression of bulbomedullary junction. CT
scan (d) and sagittal (e) show additional features such as
macrocephaly and thickening of the cranial vault.
3. FLORES M.et al: The KlippelFeil Syndrome: A Case Report. J.
Can. Dent. Assoc. 2004
4. NARANG M.et al, : Uncommon manifestation of Klippel Feil
Syndrome. Ind. Pediat. 2006 ODABAS D et al: Report of a girl with
KlippelFeil syndrome and Poland anomaly. Genet. Couns. 2004
5. NIEBERG L.G.et al: Dentoskeletal implications of KlippelFeil
Syndrome (A case report). NYSDJ 2005.
6. GUDEMEZ E.: KlippelFeil syndrome and associated con genital
abnormalities: evaluation of 23 cases. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc
2006
7. OAKES W.J.et al: Investigations into the association between
cervicomedullary neuroschisis and mirror movements in patients with
KlippelFeil Syndrome. AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2002
8. Chiari-I malformation in a 40-year-old male. Sagittal (a)
and coronal (b) T2 weighted images show caudal tonsillar ectopia
obstructing the foramen magnum associated with a syringomyelia
cavity.
9. Chiari-I malformation in a 12-year-old boy. Sagittal (a) and
coronal (b) T2 weighted images show caudal tonsillar ectopia
associated with hydrocephalus.
10. Chiari-II malformation in 1-year-old infant associated with
myelomeningocele (b). Sagittal T2 weighted images (a) shows smaller
posterior cranial fossa with downward displacement of the
cerebellar tonsils, the fourth ventricle and the bulbo-medullary
junction into the foramen magnum and cervical spinal canal.
11. Symptoms vary depending on whether the spinal cord, brain
stem, nerves or their blood supply is affected by the pressure.
Symptoms become apparent when the neck is bent. They include