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Projectno.732027VIRT-EU

ValuesandethicsinInnovationforResponsibleTechnologyinEuropeHorizon2020ICT-35-2016

EnablingresponsibleICT-relatedresearchandinnovationStartdate:1January2017–Duration:36months

Actualsubmissiondate:xxMonthxxxx

D7.3LocalBriefingSessions

Duedate:June30,2019

Actualsubmissiondate:June28,2019Numberofpages:23Leadbeneficiary:ITU

Editors:IrinaShklovski&BarbaraNinoContributors:allconsortiummembers

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ProjectConsortiumBeneficiaryno. Beneficiaryname Shortname1(Coordinator) ITUniversityofCopenhagen ITU2 LondonSchoolofEconomics LSE3 UppsalaUniversitet UU4 PolitecnicoDiTorino POLITO5 CopenhagenInstituteofInteractionDesign CIID6 OpenRightsGroup ORG

DisseminationLevelPU Public XCO Confidential,onlyformembersoftheconsortium(includingtheCommissionServices) EU-RES ClassifiedInformation:RESTREINTUE(CommissionDecision2005/444/EC) EU-CON ClassifiedInformation:CONFIDENTIELUE(CommissionDecision2005/444/EC) EU-SEC ClassifiedInformation:SECRETUE(CommissionDecision2005/444/EC)

DisseminationTypeR Document,report xDEM Demonstrator,pilot,prototype DEC Websites,patentfilling,videos,etc. O Other ETHICS Ethicsrequirement

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TableofContentExecutiveSummary.....................................................................................................................4

Introduction................................................................................................................................5

BriefingSessions-Copenhagen...................................................................................................5

Session1.ThingsConSalon:EthicalandResponsibleIoT?......................................................................5

Sessions2&3.IoTDay2018&2019inCopenhagen.............................................................................7IoTDay2018atETHOSLab.......................................................................................................................................8IoTDay2019atETHOSLab.......................................................................................................................................9

BriefingSessions:London..........................................................................................................10

Sessions4,5&6.WorkshopsinLondon,BelgradeandMiera.............................................................11

Session7.WearablesandEthicsinLondon..........................................................................................12

Turin–IOT/Innovation:Dataethics,regulationandresponsibledesign...................................14

Session8:Technology,regulationandsociety:AILectureseriesbyPOLITO........................................14DesignofIoT...........................................................................................................................................................14ParticipationinIoT..................................................................................................................................................16RegulationofIoT.....................................................................................................................................................16

ParticipationinIoTindustryevents............................................................................................17

LivingBitsandThingsinBled,Slovenia...............................................................................................17

InternetofThingsMeetup81inLondon.............................................................................................18

UsesandMisusesofConnectedDevicesatTheAlanTuringInstitute..................................................19

OnConnectedTechnologiesatImpactHubinBelgrade.......................................................................19

PorttalksbytheGoodenoughCollege.................................................................................................20

Thingscon2019inBerlin.....................................................................................................................20

MindtheGaps‘19inMalmöSweden..................................................................................................21

Outcomes,lessonslearned,andfuturelocalevents...................................................................22

DesignChallenge–internationalcompetitionhostedatORGcon2019inLondon................................22

CopenhagenTechfestival–exhibitingtoolsforethicaldesign.............................................................23

ThingsConConference2019,Rotterdam–VIRT-EUtoolslaunch..........................................................23

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ExecutiveSummaryTheVIRT-EUprojecthasalwaysmaintainedastrongcommitmenttodirectengagementwiththedesigneranddevelopercommunitiesthatarebothourobjectofstudyandtheexpectedusersofourethicalsupporttools.Throughouttheproject,directengagementwiththetechnicalInternetof Things (IoT) communities in Europe has occurred through ethnographic fieldwork, co-designandco-creationworkshops,stakeholderworkshops,partnerpresentationsatindustryeventsandconferences,aswellasconsortiumpartner-organizedlocalbriefingsessions.AsapartofVIRT-EU’sdisseminationstrategy,theconsortiumhasorganizedandconductedeightlocalbriefingsessionsacrossEuropeinBelgrade,Copenhagen,London,TurinandMiera(anautonomouscommunityinNorthernSpain).Localbriefingsessionsareevents thataredesignedasmeetingpoints for localcommunitiesofdevelopers,designers,andscholarsinterestedinthedevelopmentanduseofIoT.These local and informal events allowedpartners to reachamuchwider audiences thatmovessignificantly beyond academic circles including users of IoT, industry experts, designers anddevelopersaswellasotherprofessionalsworkingindesignortechnologyorganisations.This outreach tactic is aligned with VIRT-EU’s overall dissemination strategy in which event-organizingplaysacentralrole inoureffortstocommunicatewithawiderpublic.Bybroadeningour network,we are committed to creating a direct and tangible impact that is represented inbetter andmore ethical practices when creating and using IoT. This has allowed us to remainattuned to the real and immediate needs and concerns of these communities as well as tointroduceourtoolsandfindings,sheddinglightforexampleonwaystoaddresstheuncertaintiesandopaquedata-processingpracticeswithin thedevelopmentof IoTas connected servicesandproducts.Our localbriefingsessionshavebeenextremelyvaluableasthesehavebeenmutuallybeneficialbygeneratingfeedbackmechanismsthatenrichedourcriticalanalysisoverthecourseof the project and by involving organisations to be part of our project as either co-hosts orsponsors.Over thecourseof theprojectwe learnedthatengagementwiththetechnical IoTcommunitiescould takeondifferent formats.Thismeant thatalongsideevent-organizing,coreactivity inourdisseminationstrategy,wealsosawagreatopportunityinparticipatinginindustry-relatedeventsasspeakers.ThebriefingsessionsthemselveshaveoftenleadtoVIRT-EUmembersbeinginvitedtogivekeynotesorparticipateinpaneldebatesatabroadrangeofIoTindustryconferencesandevents.WeincludeinthisreportafewrepresentativeexamplesofsuchparticipationinEuropeanindustryeventsheld inBled,Berlin,GenevaandMalmö, reflectingon the lessons learned fromtheseexperiences.Thisreportprovidesdetailsfromtheeightlocalbriefingsessionsandsevennotablespeakerengagementsoverthecourseof2017,2018and2019.

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IntroductionTheVIRT-EUprojectcoversfourcountriesacrosssevenpartnersandwehaveengagedinallfourof these countries and beyond through briefing sessions and industry event engagements. Allpartners participated in sessionorganizing and actively engagedwith local communities even iftheir activities were more academically oriented by necessity, given the project needs. Thiscommitment toensuring thatprojectoutcomesaresharedbroadlybothwithinandbeyondthewalls of the academy is intrinsic to the project design. The selection of locations for briefingsessions was made based on availability of staff and to ensure coverage in concert with co-creation and stakeholderworkshops organized byORG and CIID. Some of the briefing sessionsweredoneascollaborationswithotherorganizationsinordertopromoterelationshipbuilding.Assuch,weconductedthreebriefingsessionsinCopenhagen,twoinLondon,oneinBelgrade,oneinMiera,andoneinTurin.Ofthese,allofthesessionsinCopenhagenandonesessioninLondonwere collaborationswith other organizations and served thedual purposeof local engagementand relationship building with key players in the IoT developer communities in Europe. Tocontinue building relationships with European developer communities project members alsoparticipatedinabroadrangeofnon-academiceventsorientedtowardsindustryplayersinIoT.Below we document eight local briefing sessions. Special attention is given to the themesaddressedineachsessionandtheoutcomesintermsofnumberofattendees,participation,andimpact.Wethendiscusstherepresentativeexamplesofourparticipationinnon-academiceventsanddescribetheirimportanceaswellasimpact.BriefingSessions-CopenhagenThroughout the project the ITU team has worked to develop strong relationships with severalimportant industry actors in the responsible technologies and IoT space. As such, we havedevelopedacloseworkingrelationshipwiththeIoTCouncil,ThingsCon(aglobalIoTinitiative)andtheCopenhagenTechFestival(anindustryconversationaboutresponsibletechnology).AllofthebriefingsessionsinCopenhagenwereorganizedincooperationwiththesepartners.Session1.ThingsConSalon:EthicalandResponsibleIoT?The launch of the annual Copenhagen Techfestival coincided with the launch of the VIRT-EUproject in 2017,making the shared concerns about responsible technology a logical match forcooperation. At the same time, the VIRT-EU project came into contact with the founders ofThingsCon-aglobal initiativetoexploreandpromotethedevelopmentof fair,responsible,andhuman-centric technologies for the IoT and beyond. While ThingsCon would have liked toparticipate inandsupporttheCopenhagenTechfestival,they lackedtheresourcestodoso.The

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VIRT-EU project was the logical meeting point for bringing ideas of ethics and IoT as well asintroducingtheThingsConinitiativetoTechFestivalattendees.In its first edition in 2017, Techfestival gathered 16,000 attendees in themeatpacking district,whichisanurbanandcreativehublocatedinthecentreofCopenhagen.Asapartofthefestival’sprogram,VIRT-EUconsortiummembers from ITUco-organizedaThingsConsalon todiscuss thefutureofresponsibleandethicalhardwareandconnecteddevices.AThingsConsalonistypicallyasmaller, more intimate gathering of people where discussions are kept engaging and highlyinteractive.ThingsCon salons have been organized in many places worldwide from London to Shenzhen,China.VIRT-EUorganizedthe firsteverThingsConsalon inCopenhagen.Weaimedatcreatingaspace for exploration and discussion of ethics and responsibility in the context of IoTdevelopment. These perspectives were presented as crucial for ensuring a more consciousdevelopmentofIoT.ITU and ThingsCon designed the evening as a “Meetup” which brought designers, developers,legal professionals, and curious individuals and collectives into dialogue for an evening. As theevent’staglineputit,‘suchreflectionsarecrucialforensuringafutureweactuallywanttolivein’.

DocumentationfromThingsConSalon:EthicalandResponsibleIoT?

September2017atTechfestivalinCopenhagen.

NotesonParticipationandattendanceTheevening startedwithan introductionby IrinaShklovski,VIRT-EU’sPrincipal Investigatorandprojectcoordinator,whoopened theeveningbysharingsomeof thegoalsandmethodsof theVIRT-EU research project and thanking everyone for joining. It was a full room, with over 30people lineduponthebrightredbenchesandmanymorecrowdingbehind.At itspeakwehadnearly60people in the roomand therewas standing roomonly. Irinapointedeveryone to the

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cardsscatteredaroundandaskedthatfolkswouldtakealookbeforethepresentationskickedoff:wewantedpeople tobe thinkingupquestions as they listened, andnoting themdown for thediscussionsession.LachlanUrquhartwasourfirst invitedspeaker.Lachlan isaResearchFellowin InformationTechLawattheHorizonDigitalEconomyResearchInstituteinNottingham,UK.Histalk–comingfromthe intersection of IT Law, HCI and digital ethics – accessibly covered topics of IT law andgovernancehewritesaboutundertheheadingof‘regulationbydesign’.Thisconnectedperfectlywith the event’s second speaker, Kajsa Westman who positioned her talk from a designperspective. Kajsa, a UX designer at Topp, reflected on the designer’s role in the developmentprocessasa‘gatekeeperbetweenbadideasandfinalproducts.Howfardotheseresponsibilitiesextend?‘justbecauseitpassedthroughourstudio,doesnotmeanwecanwashourhandsofit’,sheargued.TheSalonparticipantswereaskediftheyhadeverquitajobonethicalgrounds.Howmanyofthemwouldjust‘notspeakupandgetthejobdone’?We had a break so participants could get drinks and write on their postcards. The discussionsession, lasting more than an hour, was filled with deeply felt concerns. Participants posedquestionstothespeakers,butalsoenteredintoalivelydisagreementwitheachother,pointingtothe role of legislation,work practices, andwhat itmeans to live a logged life. IoT technologiesreachdeeplyintoourlives.Asoneoftheparticipantsargued:“ItneedstobeaninternetofthingsANDhumans,sowecantalkabout theseconcerns”.TheThingsConSalonwascertainlyaspacewherethesedialoguesbegan.Sessions2&3.IoTDay2018&2019inCopenhagenTheIoTdayonApril9thwasinitiatedbytheIoTCouncilin2010andeveryyeartherearedozensofcelebrationsworldwide.Howeverin2018and2019,therewerenootherorganizationsorgroupsinterested inhostingan IoTdaycelebration inCopenhagen.TheVIRT-EUproject saw thisasanopportunityboth toengagemorecloselywith the IoTCouncilaswellas touse theseevents todiscussandpublicizeprojectactivitieswiththeinterestedpublicandthelocalIoTcommunity.ThusITU’sconsortiummembershaveco-hostedthisannualeventatITU’sETHOSLabdedicatedtothe celebration of the IoT day. Taking the event’s theme, IoT at the centre of the celebration,ethicalandcriticalperspectiveswherebrought to themainactivitiesof thisyearlyevent.GiventhewiderangeofopeneventshostedatETHOSLab,dedicatedtocriticalperspectivesregardingtheuseoftechnologiesinpractice,thisspacewasaperfectfitforsuchameetup.WewereabletoinvitepeoplewhowereinterestedinIoTorthelab’seventsandnotnecessarilywhereaffiliatedwiththeuniversity.FortheseeventsweespeciallyfocusedonstudentsfromvariousuniversitiesinCopenhagen,graduatedstudentsworkinginindustry,designers,researchers,anddevelopers.

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IoTDay2018atETHOSLabIn the opening talk of 2018’s IoT Day at ETHOS Lab, ITU’s consortiummembers Irina Shklovski(Coordinator)andRachelDouglas-Jones(AssociateProfessoratITUandPI)presentedtheVIRT-EUproject–and its intention to supportdevelopers in reflectingon theethicaldecisions that theymakeaspartofthedesignanddevelopmentprocessforfuturedevices.

DocumentationphotosIoTDayatETHOSLab2018.

NotesonParticipationandattendanceFirstly,participants(15peoplemostlystudentsanddesigners)wereintroducedtoseveralrecentIoT manifestoes in which developers showed increasing concerns about ethics. Following themanifesto review, subsequent interactions with Alexa and Google Home enabled first-handexperienceswiththedevices.Theparticipantsaskedvariousquestionsillustratingdifferentlevelsofconcernandplayfulnesswheninteractingwiththeseapparatuses.Oneparticipant,adesignstudent,askedAlexa‘HiAlexa,whatshouldIdowithmylife’towhichAlexa replied “I don’t know”. Another participant asked both Alexa andGoogleHomewhetherthey are connected to the CIA – Alexa replied that she only worked for Amazonwhile GoogleHomesaidthat“nogovernmententityhaddirectaccesstothedatabecauseprivacyandsecurityis of great concern to them”.Whenparticipants asked if Alexawas recording them, the devicerepliedaffirmatively.At thisevent, improvisationandparticipation fromboth theorganizersand the interdisciplinarygroup of attendees was extremely valuable as it raised important questions regardingaccountabilityandtheneedformoreethicaldesignprocesses.Askingquestionsinvariouswaystothe devices made participants reflect on the nature of the responses received and lead to

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questioningdesignandbusinessinitiativesbehindAlexaandGoogleHome.Finally,attheendofthismeetupparticipantsconcludedwithanopenquestionandfocus:Whoarethepeoplebehindthetechnology?ThiseventreceivedpresscoverageinVersion2–apremierDanishtechnicalnewsoutlet.IoTDay2019atETHOSLabIn2019werepeatedourhostingofalocalnodeoftheinternationalIoTDaycelebrationattheITUniversityofCopenhagen’sETHOSLab.TheETHOSLabspace,whichisaninterdisciplinarymethodsspacedesignedtohostinteractionbetweenteaching,researchandpublics.TheeventwasregisteredontheIoTDaywebsitetwomonthsaheadoftime,andcirculatedviathe@ETHOSitutwitteraccount.WeinvitedAnnelieBernerVIRT-EU’sPrincipalInvestigatorfromtheCopenhagenInstituteofInteractionDesign(CIID).AnneliecameforalunchhourattheITUniversityofCopenhagenandpresentedoneoftheprototypessheandherteamwereworkingon:Bear&Co.

DocumentationphotoofIoTDayatETHOSLab2019.

NotesonParticipationandattendanceThe lunch-hourhadachilledandopenvibe,with8attendees fromacross theuniversity.MarieBløndfromtheETHOSLabloadedalivestreamoftheeventfromtheETHOSLabFacebookpage,whereitisnowarchived.ThiswasparticularlywellreceivedbythesubscribersoftheIoTCouncilemailanddiscussionlistthatreachesworldwide.ITUresearcherRachelDouglas-Jonesintroducedtheoverallprojectandthedifferentsubprojects,andhandedovertoAnnelieBernerfortheBear&Copresentation.Bear&Coisafictitiousdigitalnarrative,andAnnelietookparticipantsthroughthestoryofthedevelopmentandpresentationoftheprototypeatArsTechnica.

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Bear& Co. takes users through a journeywhere they become part of a tech start-upwhich isproducing smart teddy bears that are able to interactwith children. Users interactingwith theprototype’s narrative are then taken through a fictitious journey where, as employees of thecompany,theyhavetotakedifficultdecisionsthatmaychallengetheirethicalvalues.

DocumentationofAnnelie’sprocesswithvaluecards,2019.

Anneliepresented12dilemmasimplicitintheinteractionwithBear&Co.Thisweredesignedtoberealisticandchallenging.Becausethestorypartoftheinteractionwasfictitious,thescenarioswhere carefully orchestrated. Moreover, the prototype had a strong focus on making thedecisionsgenuinelyhardaswellastryingtomaketheuserrealizehowdecision-makingprocessescouldcontradictpreviousandlaterdecisionsandone’sownvalues.ThisprojectwaswhatAnneliecalled‘towardstools’,whichcreatedsituationsthatpushtheusertoconfrontethicalchallengespartofthedevelopingprocessofIoTwhilerehearsingethics.Atthisevent,theutilizationofroleplayandsimulationwasfelttobeanextremelypowerfulwayof making designers and students participating at this event to confront the potential divisionbetweentheirbeliefsandactionsinrealworldsettings.Thephysicalnatureoftheexercisewasanimportant part of the process and was brought up in the Q&A session at the end of thepresentation.Inthislastsection,participantsaskedabouttheneedforhumaninteractionwiththemanager.ThepossibilityoftheexperiencebeingmovedtoanonlineplatformallowedAnnelietoexplain that a large part of the project was to create reflection and friction, and to create asituationwhichpresentedethicalchallengesrelatedtodevelopingIoTproductsorservices.BriefingSessions:LondonTheLondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE)createdarangeofdifferenteventsinthelastthreeyears.Mostbroadly,LSEhastravelledtoorganizeworkshopsorganizedinLondon,Belgrade(Serbia)andMiera(Spain)thatfocusedonvariousaspectsofIoTdevelopmentandbroughtconsiderationsof

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ethics into these discussions.Moreover, the LSE team also cooperatedwith important externalstakeholders such as IoT MeetUp London and Women of Wearables (WoW) to organize localLondonevents.Sessions4,5&6.WorkshopsinLondon,BelgradeandMieraInthefirsthalfoftheprojectLSE,incollaborationwithCIIDandORG,developedaworkshopforinterdisciplinary audiences to discuss different aspects of IoT design and development, and toreflectontheethicalissuesthatmightarise.Belowweprovidealistoftheworkshopsandrespectiveco-organizersandlocations:

• Workshop 1: On October 2018 (organized by LSE), at Belgrade Hacker spaces andCoworkingSpaces+Descon2018.

• Workshop2:FromNovember30thtoDecember2nd,2018(oneworkshopasapartofCivicHubSprint5AI,OpenData,IoTandCrowdsourcingofCitizenData)inMiera,Spain.

• Workshop3:OnNovember6thorganizedbyLSEinLondonincooperationwithIoTMeetUpLondon.

NotesonParticipationandAttendanceWorkshop1engagedwith7participantswhileworkshops3and4increasedinnumberofparticipantsto15and10attendeesrespectively.MostparticipantswhereentrepreneursworkingwithIoT.

Whilethefirstpartofeachworkshophelpedparticipantsbecomingfamiliarwithspecificconceptssuchasethicsandcarewithindiscussionsof IoTdevelopment;thesecondpartoftheworkshopprimarilyaimedatcreatingareflectionontheparticipants’workingpractices.

Theseworkshopswereextremelyvaluabletotheconsortiumastheybroughtupfindingssuchashow most developers participating, did not prioritise ethics in their work flow –unless theydefinedtheirbusinessasanethicalone.Envisioninga future inwhichallusersacrosstheglobewouldusetheirproductsorserviceswasthereforekey.Thisimaginarycontextalloweddevelopersto uncover challenges and ethical considerations that were not apparent or crucial beforeattendingtheworkshop.Specifically,theoverallanalyticalsectionoftheworkshopwasstructuredasfollow:

1. Valuemapping (30min). In this exercise, LSE grouped participants into teams and theydiscuss values, things (IoT or other technologies), scenarios and key roles involved indecisionmaking.Themoderatorsplanneda15-minutes introductionofwhattheymeantbyethicalvaluesandethicsindesign.

2. Brainstorm (45 min): In this exercise, small groups where asked to brainstorm on aproduct/business/company idea that theywould like towork on and thenwork on thescenario building exercises. This exercise took into account specific theoretical conceptssuch as consequentialism, care, virtue and ethics which were briefly explained toparticipants.

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3. Buildinganethicalproduct(45min):Inthisthirdpartoftheworkshop,participantsworkedon coming up with an idea for an ethical product that will foster ethical thinking inbusiness,design,andproductdevelopment.

4. Wrapup(30min):Moderatorsoftheworkshopsummedupthesessionbyrecapitulatingand reflecting on the results from the different exercises. In addition, the organizersallowedparticipantstoreflectinplenumontheirownbusinessandethicalvalues.

Theseworkshopshelpedusgainthefollowinginsights:

1. There are significant differences in how developers and designers engage with ethicalquestionsacrossLondon,MieresandBelgrade.LSEfoundthatfundingagendas influencesignificantlyhowethicalissuescometobediscussed.

2. Jobrolesareimportantfornotonlyreflectingonethicalissuesinconnectedtechnologies,butalsoforreflectingontheindividuals’capacitiestoactdifferently.

3. Ethicswasusuallyunderstoodasprivacyandsecurityanditwasdifficultforparticipantstothinkbeyondtheselimitedconceptions.

4. Ethicalconcernswenthandinhandwithfearoffinesorpersecutionandthuscompliancewasanimportantconsiderationbutoftenfellshortofrealethicalreflection.

5. Developers reflected upon how a higher revenue may result in less preoccupation orreflectiononethicalconsiderations.

Session7.WearablesandEthicsinLondonUnder the umbrella organizationWomen ofWearables (WoW), LSE in collaboration with ORGparticipated in an event entitled ‘Wearables and Ethics’ co-organized and hosted by MHPCCommunication,internationalconsultancyagencybasedincentralLondon.Thiseventwasnotablyvaluable as it focusedon thedevelopmentprocessof Internetof Thingswithin theWoWgoalsaiming at inspiring, supporting and connecting women who work with wearable and digitaltechnologies.Attheevent,consortiummembersfromtheLondonSchoolofEconomics(LSE)FundaUstek-Spilda(PostDocatLSE),AlisonPowell(AssistantProfessoratLSE)andJavierRuiz(LeadonpolicyattheUKbasedadvocacyorganizationOpenRightsGroup)werepartofapaneldiscussion.Alongside,DrKat Hadjimatheou (moral philosopher and criminologist at the University of Essex) and TerrieSmith (creative technologistcommittedto innovationandwearable technology)debatedontheethicalandimportantchallengesembeddedinIoTandconnectedwearables.TheeventwaswellpublicizedandwellreceivedwithlocalmediacoverageandareportproducedbytheWoWorganization.

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DocumentationphotoofpanellistswhotookpartinWearablesandEthicsatMHPCCommunication May2019,London.

For this panel discussion the organizers decided to focus the kind of ethical visions thatwearables carry or are embedded in its design. Furthermore, seeking to understand howdevelopersofwearableandconnected technologiesengageand representethical visions intheirproducts.

DocumentationphotoofpanellistsandaudiencepartofWearablesandEthics

atMHPCCommunicationinMay2019,London.

NotesonParticipationandAttendanceBy focusing on the developer’s point of view, rather than the risks and challenges of theproductsthatusersmayencounter,anewdiscussionwasbroughtupinthefieldofIoTabouthow wearables can be done ethically and responsibly. Importantly, the event broughttogetherover20peoplewhowerefounders,researchersandtechnologists.Theseaudiencesmembers shared their storiesandviewsonethicsandwearables, IoT,machine learning,AI,blockchain,andeverythinginbetweenwearablesanddata-intensivedevices.

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Turin–IOT/Innovation:Dataethics,regulationandresponsibledesignOnFebruary21st,2019,duringtheannualVIRT-EUmeeting,thehostpartnerPOLITOorganisedapublicseminaratthePolytechnicUniversityofTurintitledIOT/Innovation:Dataethics,regulationand responsibledesign.Theprimary focus in this seminar concerneddata-intensiveproductsorservices and the challenges, ethical considerations, and critical questioning, deriving from thevalues embedded in these types of artefacts and business projects. This was part of the wellattended AI Lecture series that the university has used to engagewith the local community ofdesigners,developersandthevibrantmakercommunityofTurin.Session8:Technology,regulationandsociety:AILectureseriesbyPOLITOFor this event itwas extremely valuable to address collective issues concerning the ethical andsocial impact of data useswhen interactingwith this particular typeof data-processingdesignsand activities. This was paramount as recent findings identified specific ethical challengesembedded in how data-intensive products and services collect and processed information toprofileandclassifyindividualsandgroups.Furthermore,itwaskeytoreflectonthetypeofdesigntoolsneededthatcouldsupportethicalreflectionandself-assessmentforIoTdevelopers.NotesonParticipationandattendanceIn total 50 attendees engaged in the seminar. Taking into consideration the above-mentionedapproachtodata-intensiveproductsandservices,theseminarincludedaseriesoflecturesattheintersection of design, law and qualitative research under the title ‘Technology, regulation andsociety: AI Lecture series’. These lectures were divided in three different sections: design,participationandregulationandwerecoordinatedbyVIRT-EU'sconsortiummemberAlessandroMantelero,ProfessoratthePolytechnicUniversityofTurin.Lecturepresentersincludedamixoflocalacademics,designersanddevelopersaswellasVIRT-EUprojectmemberswhodebatedonstageandansweredaudiencequestions.DesignofIoTThefirstsectionondesign includedtwoVIRT-EUconsortiummembers (IrinaShklovski (ITU)andAnnelieBerner(CIID)),aswellas,RuggeroCastagnola(Front-endDeveloperattheinnovationfirmAccurat) andAndreaDi Salvo (Researcher at theDepartmentofArchitecture andDesign at thePolytechnic University of Turin). From different standpoints, the participants of this roundtablehighlighted the importance of considering design choices in the creation and developmentprocessesconcerningIoTdevicesandtheethicalissuesthesemightentail.

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DocumentationimagefromDesignsectionat

Technology,regulationandsociety:AIlectureserieshostedatthePolytechnicUniversityofTurin,February21st,2019.

DocumentationimagefromParticipationsectionatTechnology,regulationandsociety:AIlectureseries

hostedatthePolytechnicUniversityofTurin,February21st,2019.

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ParticipationinIoTThesecondsessionwasdedicatedtoparticipationandincludedVIRT-EUmembersAlisonPowell(LSE),MatteoMagnani(UU)andLucaRossi(ITU).TheywerejoinedbySilviaChiusano(AssociateProfessorofComputerScienceatPolitecnicodiTorino)todiscusstheroleofparticipationinIoTenvironments.Inthissectionparticipantsemphasizedtheanalysisofexistingrelationshipsbetweenthevariousnetworks of developers working with data-intensive products and services. In this regard, thespeakerspointedoutthevalueofpromotingopenandparticipatorysolutionsforIoTdevelopmentandtheroleofnetworkanalysisasvaluableresearchtool.

DocumentationimagefromRegulationsectionat

Technology,regulationandsociety:AIlectureserieshostedatthePolytechnicUniversityofTurin,February21st,2019.

RegulationofIoTFinally, a third panel addressed legal issues concerning data regulation included two VIRT-EUconsortiummembers AlessandroMantelero (POLITO) and Javier Ruiz (ORG). Specifically, in thissessionspeakersdiscussed the impactofGDPRon the IoT sectorandsuggestedhowaudiencesmightwanttothinkbeyondtheexistinglegalframeworks.Thisbroaderapproachwaspresentedas crucial to develop guidelines and impact assessment procedures which consider both theaspectsconcerningdataprocessingandtheethicalandsocialvaluesunderpinningIoTdevicesandservices.Overall,audiencequestionsandfurthersdiscussionsmadeclearthatincreasedawarenessofthesocietalconsequencesofdatausearecrucialforpractitioners,academicsandregularusersalike

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andthatopenandparticipatorysolutionsaresorelyneeded.Inthisregard,itwaspointedouthowacentralroleisplayedbytheengagementofIoTdesignersanddevelopersatthepointofdesign.ThiswasarguedtohelpmakingethicalconsiderationsinacollaborativewaywhendevelopingIoTproductsandserviceswhilstcomplementingtheexistinglegalrequirements.ParticipationinIoTindustryeventsInadditiontolocalbriefingsessionsorganizedbytheconsortiummembers,wefounditextremelyvaluabletosupportconsortiummemberparticipationinindustryeventsdedicatedtoIoTinordertobringadiscussionofethicstobroaderaudiences.Wehaveselectedseventalksasrepresentativeexamplesofsuchengagement. LivingBitsandThingsinBled,SloveniaLivingbitsandthingsisaneventthatstartedin2011inLjubljanaandwasheldforonedayonly.ItattractedattendeesmostlyfromacademiaandthoserelatedtodiverseEuropeanIoTprojects.ItwasorganizedincooperationwithRobvanKranenburg,anIoTguruandtooktheadvantageofthenationalIoTprojectCompetencecenterOpComm.Inits2017editioninBled(Slovenia),VIRT-EU’sIrinaShklovskiparticipatedasakeynotespeakerandtalkedaboutethicsandIoT.Irina’stalkillustratedtheidentificationofethicsinIoTdevelopment.Theconceptof‘ethics’wasproposed in alignment with other terms such as security, community development, financialdecisions or design concerns.Often, the idea of ethics is discussedwith respect to privacy andcompliance with the EU General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR). In relation to thisconception, Irinaofferedadiscussionof commonethical concerns in IoTproductsand services,coveringtheEUGDPRrequirements.Hertalkalsoconsideredquestionssuchas:atwhatstagedoand should ethical questions arise? What are the sites of discussion for ethics, and whattechniquesortoolsarecurrentlyavailabletofacilitateethicaldeliberationaboutIoT?

DocumentationimagefromLivingBitsandThingsateConferenceBled,Slovenia,in2017.

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NotesonParticipationandattendanceOver250participantsattendedfromapproximately30countriesfromallaroundtheworld.Theeventwasco-organizedasapartofthe301thBledeConference–amixedresearchandindustryvenue focusingonbusiness applicationsofdigital technologies. The cityofBledwasa stunninglocationwithviewsofanalpinelakesurroundedbycastlesandmountains.TheLivingBitsandThingseventorganizedanumberofthoughtfulandinterestingpresentationsconcernedwithtopicsrangingfromthefutureofIoTandtheimplicationsofGDPRtodiscussionsof success stories and best practices. Speakers considered future visions, the knownpast over-estimationsofdigitaltechnologies(forexamplesalesofe-booksaredroppingbutsalesofvinylareontherise)andthetrickypropositionofIoTproductsandservicesforgeneralconsumers.There was agreement about IoT’s significant potential in the industrial sector but from thedifferent talkswe learned that for consumers to seriously consider IoT,more attention paid tosecurity iskey.Furthermore,developersanddesignershavetomakeagreatereffort inevokingtrusttowardsthesenewdevicesandservices.Afterall,astheworldislargelyreinventedincode,itisimportanttoconsiderwhatsortofsocialcontractsareimpliedinthetechnicalinfrastructuresthatwearebuilding.Overall, the conversations ranged from demos of available IoT platforms to best practices incommunitysystemdevelopmentbutthefrequencywithwhichconcernsaboutprivacyandsocialimpact were mentioned was encouraging to VIRT-EU's consortium. Certainly, we identifiedtractionfor IoT in the industrialsectorbutmorequestioningwasneededto locateanduncoverwhatkindsofchangesGDPRandinnovationwillbringtoconsumersofIoT.InternetofThingsMeetup81inLondonOnOctober30th,2018,SebastianLehuede(VIRT-EU’sPh.DFellowatLSE)participatedinthe81stedition of London Internet of Thingsmeetup. The IoT Londonmeetup has, since 2011, invitedexperts inthefieldandscholarsworkingwithIoT.Theseeventsconsistofaseriesofworkshopsandtalkscoveringthemesspanning,urbaninfrastructure,smartgrid,openhardware,quantifiedself, open data, environmentalmonitoring, smart products, smart homes, and other upcominghybridspenetratingtheIoTmarket.NotesonParticipationandAttendanceThisparticularmeetupgathered intotal136attendees,mostofthembeingprofessionals inthefieldofdesignandtech.Whatmakesthiseventextremelyvaluableishowtheybuildstrongandlong-lasting networks of professionals. These, become members of IoT Meetup and follow updiscussionsaftereacheventwhichalsoleadsthemtoactuallycollaborateindesignandbusinessendeavours.Furthermore,asacommunitythismeetupwasaperfectplatformtointroducerecentfindings from VIRT-EU’s research and our experimentation with design tools and regulatoryframeworks.

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UsesandMisusesofConnectedDevicesatTheAlanTuringInstituteInAprilof2019,AlisonPowell(VIRT-EU’sPrincipalInvestigatoratLSE)participatedinameetuporganizedbytheprestigiousAlanTuringInstitutebasedattheBritishLibraryinLondon.Thisnationalinstitutiondedicatedtodatascienceandartificialintelligence,hostedtheevent‘UsesandMisusesofConnectedDevices’inwhichAlisonprovidedperspectivesandfindingsfromVIRT-EU’sproject.NotesonParticipationandAttendanceOver40peopleattendedAlison’stalk.Inherpresentationtitled:“Doing,PostponingandEvadingEthics:thepoliticsandeconomicsofethicsinIoTstart-ups”,Alisonreflectedonaccountabilityforthedecisionsmadewhendeveloping IoTas innovativeandcommercially valuableproductsandservices. Furthermore, she emphasized questions regarding the individual andcollectivechallengesembeddedintheincorporationofIoTineverydaylife.Specific concepts such as virtue, capability, and care where proposed and reflected upon. Inaddition to her theoretical framework, Alison illustrated VIRT-EU’s empirical tools and datacollection methodologies to inform audiences about the ways in which the project had beenevolvingandbeinginformedbyethnographicandparticipatorymethodsandpractices.Finally,shethenconcludedwithaseriesofrecommendationsandproactivestandpointstoimplementethicalvalues in thecreationanddesignof IoT.Hermain takeaways listedwere to focusonhowto1)evaluatethevaluesembeddedinthedesignofIoTprogressively–takingintoaccountitsnetworkand supply chainmechanisms and dependencies, 2)use regulatory frameworks as enablers forinspiration and creation of new IoT models, 3) pivot projects with small organizations, and 4)ensuretherighttorefusetospecificIoTproductsandservices. OnConnectedTechnologiesatImpactHubinBelgradeAttheBelgrade-basedconferenceDescon2018,FundaUstek-Spilda(VIRT-EU’sResearcheratLSE),waspartofapaneldiscussioncoveringthefutureofIoTdevelopmentanditsethicalandlegalrepercussions.NotesonParticipationandAttendanceAlongsideFunda,therewasamulti-stakeholderpanelteamworkingwithIoT,networks,identifiersand data privacy. The participants were Vladimir Rdunović (Director, E-diplomacy andCybersecurityProgrammesatDiploFoundation),JeffWilburISOC(TechnicalDirector,OnlineTrustAlliance,),IriniReljin(workingattheMinistryofTrade,TourismandTelecommunications),SrđanKrčo (CEO at IoT enterprise DunavNET) and Michael Richardson Sandelman (CE0 at SoftwareWorks).Overthecourseofthispanel,participantsexposedchallengesrelatedtotheadoptionofIoTandthe role that governments can play in helping to achieve the economic potential of IoT whilereducing risks associatedwith pervasive and connected technologies. To the event,Open TrustAlliancewasinvitedastheInternetSocietyinitiativethatcouldoffervariousPolicyFrameworkstoguideactorsonhowtoenhanceonlinetrust.AspartofthediscussioninwhichFundaparticipated,panellistmainlydiscussedhowtoprotectpartsoftheInternetinfrastructure.

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PorttalksbytheGoodenoughCollegeGoodenough College is a residential college and intellectual community that brings togetherpostgraduate scholars from around the world. For their meetup titled Port Talks they invitedAlison Powell (research part of VIRT-EU at LSE) who provided a talk in which she covered theshortcomingsofconsequentialistperspectivesonethicswithintechnologydesign.Inhertalk,sheidentifiedsomeofthefeaturesofdata-basedeconomiesandthemoreexpansiveethicalrisksandconcernsthatemergefromthese.NotesonParticipationandattendanceApproximately 40 people attended Alison’s talk which was titled: “Beyond Surveillance: Data,EthicsandConnectedDevices".Thetalkwoundtogetherthethreadsofvirtue,capabilityandcareastheyarearticulatedwithintheVIRT-EUproject'sethicalframework.Overall,sheprovidedheraudiencewith insights from the project's fieldwork and received feedback from the attendantswhoengagedinhertalkoverthecourseandafterherpresentation.Thingscon2019inBerlinOnMay6th,Thingscon(aglobalinitiativepromotingresearch,eventsandmeetupsonfair,responsibleandhuman-centrictechnologiesforIoTandotheremergingtechnologies)organizedaSaloninBerlinfocusedontheethicsofhowtomakebetterIoTproducts,andtheirlifecycles.Forthisspecificmeetup,ThingsconinvitedEsterFritsch(VIRT-EU’sPh.D.candidatefromITU),IsabelOrdonez(IndustrialDesigner)andChrisAdams(Developer). NotesonParticipationandattendanceOver20attendeesengagedinthiseventmostlycomingfromindustry(designersanddevelopers).Inherpresentation,EsterFritschtalkedaboutarangeofdifferentinitiativesandeffortsfocusedonhowethicsisenactedinrelationtoIoTdevelopment.TheseconsiderationswereconnectedtoEster’sresearchfindingsoverthecourseofherfirsttwoyearsasaPh.D.fellow.Fromherstudy,attendants learned about the apparentmultiple versions of ethics in relation to IoTwhich areflourishingacrossEurope,allsituateddifferentlyandemergingfromdiversecontextsandwitharangeof various agendas (e.g., EU,UNESCO, diversenetworksof IoTdevelopers anddesigners,techactivistsorartists).InherownwordsEsterexplained:“Wheneversomethingishighlightedinrelation toethics, somethingelse steps into thebackground.”Throughoutherpresentation shetriedtoevokediscussionsamongthesalon’sparticipants.Estertheninvitedparticipantstotakeacloser look at all the different initiatives mentioned concerning ethics and IoT collectively andcritically.Specific questions such as “can we always take claims about ethics in IoT development asinherently good? Or do claims about ethics in IoT have a dark side as well?” were helpful toengage attendees in an open and dynamic discussion. Finally, open questions such as: “Doweneeda revolution? Or can anevolutiondo it?What is the relationbetweenethics andpolicy-making?WhataboutothercontinentsthanEurope?Willtheseinitiativesseekingtostrikeethicsmakeadifference?”ledtoinformalone-to-onediscussionsfolloweduptheendoftheevent.

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MindtheGaps‘19inMalmöSwedenOn May 21, Annelie Berner (PI at CIID) participated in an industry-focused conference at theinnovationandconferencevenue,StudioMalmö.Thiseventprimarilycoveredtheuseof‘hands-on tools for building responsible tech to create products aligned with people’s values´. Themeetupwascomplementedwithadiscussionondigitalethics.NotesonParticipationandAttendanceTheaudienceconsistedofconsultants,freelancers,peoplefromlargecorporations,workersfromthepublicsector,andactivists.These interdisciplinarygroupofpeople jointo learnmoreaboutthedesignandethicalprinciplespartof thespeaker line-up. In total theeventcountedwith35engaged attendees. The organizers of the event estimated that 70% of the audience wheredesignersanddesign leads,a fewdevelopersshowedup inadditiontopublicsectoremployeesandactivistsworkingwithtech-companies.

DocumentationimagefromMindtheGaps‘19inMalmo,2019.

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Specifically,AnnelieBerner–asoneofthekeynotespeakers–providedatalktitled‘BackingEthicswithResearch’.ThroughherpresentationsheproposeddifferentfuturescenarioswherethedevelopmentofIoTcouldhavebothnegativeandpositiveeffectsineverydaylife:‘Iftechnologyhasafar-reachingimpactonourlives:Asmuchasitofferspotentialforustoimproveoursocial,environmental,andeconomicconditions,italsohasthepowertoimpactthoseareasnegatively.‘Howcouldweempowerandsupportdevelopersanddesignerstoengageinethicalreflectionstopreventsuchscenarios?’ ThroughVIRT-EU'sresearchframeworkAnnelieexplainedhowherresearchaspartofVIRT-EUaimsatfosteringethicalthinkinganddevelopactionabletoolstoencouragereflectionontherelationshipbetweentechnologicalinnovationandsocietalconcerns.Thework-in-progresstoolssheisdesigningwherepresentedtotheaudience.Thankstoherparticipationshewasabletoreceivevaluablefeedbackanditerateinherworkingprocess,improvingherprototypesandtestingthem

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Outcomes,lessonslearned,andfuturelocaleventsThelocalbriefingsessionsandspeakerparticipationsinindustryeventshasallowedustocreateastrongernetworkofworkingprofessionals,ensuretangibledisseminationandimpactresults,andprovidedvaluablefeedbackmechanismsenrichingourfindings.In addition,we have been able to test findingswith diverse audiences and in diverse contexts(fromlesstomoreinformallocationsandsetups).Thankstothesevariousevents,theprojectasawholehasgainedabetterunderstandingofcurrentvaluesandideasrelatedtothecreationofIoTanditsregulatoryandethicaldimensionsbeyondpurelyacademicspheres. Indoingso,allowingtheproject’soutcometohavealong-termimpactwithvaluableconnectionswithindustryleaders,experts,andyoungoremergingtalentsattheforefrontofIoTdevelopment.For the future, project members will continue to engage with industry events as broadly aspossible.Forexample,IrinaShklovski(ITU)willbegivingakeynotepresentationattheHighTechSummitorganizedbytheDanishTechnicalUniversitytargetingindustryprofessionalsandthoughtleadersonthefutureofAIandconnectedsystems.TheVIRT-EUprojectalsohasplannedthreelarger-scalelocaleventsinLondon,CopenhagenandRotterdamforthesummerandfallof2019.Assuch,wewillcontinuetoreachouttoaudiencesbeyondacademiccontextsandaimingatcreatinganimpactindevelopmentpracticesandusesofIoT.Wespecificallyhaveastronger focus in reinforcingournetworkwithexperts in the fieldoftechnology,innovation,regulationanddesign.

Left:Photoofdesktop-prototypegiventoparticipantsofVIRT-EU’sDesignChallenge2019. Right:DocumentationofAnnelieBerner

(PI)workingonprototypesatCIIDthatwillbepresentedatTechfestivalin2019inCopenhagen.

DesignChallenge–internationalcompetitionhostedatORGcon2019inLondonInJulyof2019,wewillhostaDesignChallengeatORGcon2019(UK’s largesthumananddigitalrights conference). Taking the opportunity of this international eventwewill be able to createtangible impact with actual collaborations with industry representatives participating in thecompetitionandusingourtools.Inthisparticularcase,competitors'partofthedesignchallenge

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willbeabletoco-createnewproductsorserviceswithVIRT-EU'sdesigntools.AsVIRT-EU'sleadcoordinator,IrinaShklovski,explains:‘Weareseekingideasabouthowtobalancepersonalization,privacy, and the experience with the interests and preferences of different people who livetogetherandapart.Whatkindsofcreativeinterventionsarepossibleusingconnecteddevicestoprovideforlifetogetherandapartasinterconnectedsocialbeings,notonlyasindividuals?’The ideas resulting from the Design Challengewillmake an impact in a long-term perspective.Firstly,participantswillappropriateourtoolsandregulatoryframeworksasapartoftheirworkingprocessandportfolio.Moreover, the ideasandconcepts resulting fromthiseventwillhave thechancetoenterIoTmarketsasexamplesofinnovativeandethicalsolutions.Lastbutnotleast,theparticipantsselectedwillgainvisibilityandnewconnectionsatORGcon2019,UK'slargestdigitalrightsconferencesubjectofrelevantmediacoverage.CopenhagenTechfestival–exhibitingtoolsforethicaldesignIn September of 2019, ITU and CIID will present current tool prototypes and discuss projectinsightswithabroadselectionofTechFestparticipantsin2-hourinteractivepanel.Inasimilarwayto our first participation in Techfestival in 2017, we hope to create a dynamic event whereinterdisciplinary audiences will be able to test and challenge the tools and their own workingpractices.Forthisoccasion,wearealsofocusingonanexhibitionformatthatwillbeaestheticallyandconceptuallystrongerthanpreviousevents.Notably,thisexhibition-paneleventisofgreatrelevancesincethetoolsplannedtobeshownarearesultofthecollaborativeworkmadeoverthecourseofVIRT-EU’sresearchbyallmembersoftheconsortium.Thesecollaborativeeffortscombiningregulation,data-ethicsandqualitativefindingswillmaterializeindesigntoolsthatcanbetestedandimplementedinrealworkingpractices.For this event,wehope to collaboratewithworkingprofessionals and start-ups alreadypartofdifferenteventsandmeetupshappeningduringTechfestival.Overall,weaimatstrengtheningournetworkandtocreateanimpactalongsideexperienceddevelopersanddesignersattheforefrontofIoTdevelopment.ThingsConConference2019,Rotterdam–VIRT-EUtoolslaunchInDecemberof2019,theVIRT-EUprojectwilluseThingsConConference2019asastagetolaunchthefinalversionoftheVIRT-EUtools,presentedtoadiverseaudienceofEuropeandesignersanddevelopersworkingwitharangeofdifferingconnectedsystems.Thiseventwillincludeakeynotepresentationandextensivetooldemonstrations.Wewillalsomanaboothattheeventtoprovidehands-ondemostointerestedattendeesandtopromoteprojectoutput.