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46

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Gebreabiezgi Teklebirhan, Adane Bitew. Prevalence of Dermatophytic

Infection and the Spectrum of Dermatophytes in Patients Attending a Tertiary

Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Microbiology.

2015.

2. Maria da Gloria, Santana GB, Criado PR, et al. Chronic widespread

dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum: a syndrome associated with a

Trichophyton-specific functional defect of phagocytes. Front Microbiol.2015.

3. Hidayati Afif Nurul, dkk. Mikosis Superfisialis di Divisi Mikologi Unit Rawat

Jalan Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Tahun 2003-

2005.Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin. 2009.

4. Havlickova Blanka, A.Czaika Victor, Friedrich markus. Epidemiological

trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Blackwell publishing Ltd Mycoses. 2008

5. Ilkit M, Durdu M. Tinea pedis: the etiology and global epidemiology of a

common fungal infection. Critical Riviews in Microbiology. 2015.

6. Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM. Torgerson DJ. Oral treatments for fungal infections of

the skin of the foot. 2012

7. Perdoski. Dermatofitosis Superfisialis. Jakarta: balai penerbit FKUI 2001

8. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091684-overview#a6 Akses 29

November 2015

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091684-overview#a6

47

9. Vikas Kumar, Ragini Tilak1, Pradyot Prakash, Chaitanya Nigam, Richa Gupta.

Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 134-138 Tinea Pedis–an Update

10. http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/Myths-surrounding-

athlete-s-foot-_16490106 Akses 20 Januari

11. Wolff Klaus Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology In General Medicine Seventh Edition

Volume Two . New York: Mc Graw Hill Medical,2008.

12. http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2014/December/docs/BPJ65-tinea-pedis.pdf

Akses 30 November

13. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-

foot/basics/definition/con-20014892 Akses 30 November

14. .http://www.dermnetnz.org/fungal/tinea-pedis.html Akses 1Desember

15. Gino A Epidemiology of dermatophytoses: retrospective analysis from 2005

to 2010 and comparison with previous data from 1975.

NEWMICROBIOLOGICA, 35, 207-213, 2012

16. Burns Toni, et al. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology Volume 2.Wiley

Blackwell ;2012

17. Carlo CJ, Bowe MD. Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot) [pamphlet]. (USA); 2012.

18. http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/17887/5/Chapter%20I.pdf

Akses 30 November

19. H.S. Djajoesman. Polisi Lalu Lintas. Jakarta :Dinas Hukum Polri.1976

http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/Myths-surrounding-athlete-s-foot-_16490106

http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/Myths-surrounding-athlete-s-foot-_16490106

http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2014/December/docs/BPJ65-tinea-pedis.pdf

http://www.dermnetnz.org/fungal/tinea-pedis.html

http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/17887/5/Chapter%20I.pdf

48

20. W.J.S Poerwadarmita.Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.

1996

21. Djajusman H.S. Polisi dan Lalu Lintas. Bandung: Mabak. 1976 :8

22. Elder, David. Lever’s Histopathology of The Skin Tenth Edition.

Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,2009.

23. Wolff, klaus. Fitzpatrick’s Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology

Seventh Edition. New York: Mc. Graw Hill,2013

24. Zhou Z, Liu T, Zhang Z. Skin Disease in United Nations Peacekeepers in

Lebanon. J. R. Army Med Corps. 2016

25. Baihaqy Muhammad. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Tinea Pedis

pada Pekerja Pabrik Tekstil. Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro; 2014

26. Mustofa Ahmad. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Pityriasis

Versicolor pada Polisi Lalu Lintas Kota Semarang. Semarang : Universitas

Diponegoro ; 2014

27. Matricciani Lisa, Jones Sara. Treating Tinea Pedis in Patients with Diabetes.

Podiatry Today. 2012

49

Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance

50

Lampiran 2. Informed Consent

51

52

Lampiran 3. Kuesioner penelitian

KUESIONER PENELITIAN

HIGIENE PERORANGAN TERHADAP

TINEA PEDIS

Keterangan Responden

1. Nomor :

2. Tanggal pemeriksaan :

3. Petugas pemeriksa :

Identitas Responden

1. Nama :

2. Jenis Kelamin :

3. Umur :

4. Pangkat :

5. Satuan Kepolisian :

6. Mulai bekerja di kepolisian :

7. Nomer HP :

8. Apakah anda pernah mendapatkan terapi tinea pedis (kutu air) pada 1

bulan terakhir?

a. Ya

b. Tidak

Petunjuk Pengisian : Berilah tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang anda pilih

I. Kebersian Umum

1. Berapa kali anda mandi setiap harinya? Skor

a. Dua kali atau lebih (1)

b. Satu kali (0)

53

2. Apakah anda mandi selalu memakai sabun mandi?

a. Ya (1)

b. Tidak (0)

3. Apakah sabun yang anda gunakan adalah sabun antiseptik?

a. Ya (1)

b. Tidak (0)

4. Bagaimana penggunaan handuk yang anda pakai?

a. Digunakan sendiri (1)

b. Digunakan untuk banyak orang/bergantian (0)

5. Berapa seringkah anda mengganti handuk anda?

a. 3 hari sekali (1)

b. 5 hari sekali (0)

6. Apakah anda mencuci kaki dan mengeringkannya setelah beraktivitas?

a. Ya (1)

b. Tidak (0)

7. Apakah saat mandi anda menggosok dan membersihkan sela-sela jari kaki,

tumit, dan area kaki?

a. Ya (1)

b. Tidak (0)

II. Kebersihan yang terkait pekerjaan

1. Berapa seringkah anda mengganti kaos kaki anda?

a. Setiap hari (1)

b. Dua hari sekali atau lebih (0)

2. Jika sepatu dan kaos kaki anda tidak langsung dicuci, bagaimanakah anda

menyimpan benda tersebut?

a. Diletakkan di tempat yang terkena sinar matahari langsung (1)

b. Diletakkan di tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari (0)

3. Berapa jam dalam sehari anda memakai sepatu?

a. Kurang dari 8 jam (1)

b. Lebih dari 8 jam (0)

54

III. Durasi mengatur lalu lintas

1. Berapa lama durasi anda mengatur lalu lintas?

a. < 4 jam (1)

b. > 4 jam (0)

55

Lampiran 4. Hasil Analisis

Analisis Univariat

1. ROC Umur

56

Coordinates of the Curve

Test Result Variable(s): Umur

20.00 1.000 1.000

22.00 1.000 .824

25.00 1.000 .765

27.50 .958 .765

28.50 .833 .706

29.50 .792 .647

30.50 .625 .647

31.50 .625 .529

32.50 .583 .412

34.00 .458 .412

36.00 .417 .412

38.50 .333 .412

40.50 .333 .353

41.50 .292 .294

43.00 .250 .235

44.50 .208 .235

45.50 .208 .176

47.00 .208 .118

49.00 .167 .118

51.00 .125 .118

52.50 .083 .059

54.00 .042 .000

56.00 .000 .000

Positive if

Greater Than

or Equal Toa

Sensitiv ity 1 - Specif icity

The test result variable(s): Umur has at least one tie

between the posit iv e actual state group and the negat iv e

actual state group.

The smallest cutof f v alue is the minimum

observed test value minus 1, and the largest cutof f

value is the maximum observed test v alue plus 1.

All the other cutof f values are the averages of two

consecutive ordered observ ed test v alues.

a.

57

2. ROC Lama masa bekerja

58


Test Result Variable(s): Lama bekerja

.00 1.000 1.000

1.50 1.000 .882

2.50 1.000 .824

6.00 1.000 .765

9.50 .917 .706

10.50 .833 .647

11.50 .708 .588

12.50 .583 .471

13.50 .542 .412

15.00 .458 .412

16.50 .417 .412

18.00 .333 .412

19.50 .333 .294

21.00 .292 .294

22.50 .167 .294

23.50 .125 .294

25.00 .125 .235

27.00 .125 .118

28.50 .083 .118

30.50 .083 .059

32.50 .042 .059

33.50 .042 .000

35.00 .000 .000

Positive if

Greater Than

or Equal Toa


The test result variable(s): Lama bekerja has at least one

tie between the posit iv e actual state group and the

negative actual state group.






a.

59

3. ROC Higiene


Test Result Variable(s): HIgiena

2.00 1.000 1.000

3.50 .958 1.000

4.50 .958 .882

5.50 .917 .824

6.50 .833 .647

7.50 .583 .294

8.50 .333 .176

9.50 .125 .000

11.00 .000 .000

Positive if

Greater Than

or Equal Toa


The test result variable(s): HIgiena has at least one tie

between the posit iv e actual state group and the negat iv e

actual state group.






a.

60

Analisis Bivariat

1. Kategori Lama bekerja

Crosstab

4 0 4

1.7 2.3 4.0

23.5% .0% 9.8%

13 24 37

15.3 21.7 37.0

76.5% 100.0% 90.2%

17 24 41

17.0 24.0 41.0

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count

Expected Count

% within Tinea pedis

Count

Expected Count


Count

Expected Count


< 6

>= 6

Lama bekerja

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

6.258b 1 .012

3.870 1 .049

7.664 1 .006

.024 .024

6.105 1 .013

41

Pearson Chi-Square

Continuity Correctiona

Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)

Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.

2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.

66.

b.

Risk Estimate

2.846 1.837 4.410

41

For cohort Tinea

pedis = positif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

61

2. Kategori durasi mengatur lalu lintas

3. Kategori higiena

Crosstab

10 11 21

8.7 12.3 21.0

58.8% 45.8% 51.2%

7 13 20

8.3 11.7 20.0

41.2% 54.2% 48.8%

17 24 41

17.0 24.0 41.0

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count

Expected Count


Count

Expected Count


Count

Expected Count


< 4 jam

>= 4 jam

Durasi mengatur

lalu lintas

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

.672b 1 .412

.253 1 .615

.675 1 .411

.530 .308

.656 1 .418

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)


0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.

29.

b.

Risk Estimate

1.688 .481 5.929

1.361 .645 2.871

.806 .479 1.355

41

Odds Rat io for Durasi

mengatur lalu lintas (<

4 jam / >= 4 jam)

For cohort Tinea pedis

= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

62

Crosstab

12 10 22

9.1 12.9 22.0

70.6% 41.7% 53.7%

5 14 19

7.9 11.1 19.0

29.4% 58.3% 46.3%

17 24 41

17.0 24.0 41.0

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count

Expected Count


Count

Expected Count


Count

Expected Count


< 7,5

>= 7,5

HIgiena

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

3.347b 1 .067

2.285 1 .131

3.420 1 .064

.112 .065

3.266 1 .071

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



88.

b.

63

Kategori penggunaan sabun anti septik

Risk Estimate

3.360 .896 12.600

2.073 .892 4.818

.617 .363 1.049

41

Odds Rat io f or HIgiena

(< 7,5 / >= 7,5)


= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

8 2 10

47.1% 8.3% 24.4%

9 22 31

52.9% 91.7% 75.6%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


Tidak

Ya

sabun antiseptik

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

8.092b 1 .004

6.129 1 .013

8.278 1 .004

.008 .007

7.895 1 .005

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



15.

b.

64

Kategori penggunaan handuk

Risk Estimate

9.778 1.729 55.304

2.756 1.465 5.182

.282 .080 .993

41

Odds Rat io for sabun

antiseptik (Tidak / Ya)


= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

2 0 2

11.8% .0% 4.9%

15 24 39

88.2% 100.0% 95.1%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


digunakan bany ak orang

digunakan sendiri

pemggunaan

handuk

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

2.968b 1 .085

.974 1 .324

3.667 1 .055

.166 .166

2.896 1 .089

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)


2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .

83.

b.

65

Kategori frekuensi mengganti handuk

Risk Estimate

2.600 1.748 3.867

41

For cohort Tinea

pedis = positif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

9 10 19

52.9% 41.7% 46.3%

8 14 22

47.1% 58.3% 53.7%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


5 hari sekali

3 hari sekali

mengganti

handuk

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

.509b 1 .476

.156 1 .693

.509 1 .476

.537 .346

.496 1 .481

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



88.

b.

66

Kategori mencuci kaki setelah aktivitas

Risk Estimate

1.575 .451 5.504

1.303 .629 2.698

.827 .486 1.406

41

Odds Rat io for mengganti

handuk (5 hari sekali / 3

hari sekali)

For cohort Tinea pedis =

positif

For cohort Tinea pedis =

negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

3 6 9

17.6% 25.0% 22.0%

14 18 32

82.4% 75.0% 78.0%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


Tidak

Ya

mencuci

kaki

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

.314b 1 .575

.031 1 .859

.320 1 .572

.711 .435

.306 1 .580

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



73.

b.

67

Kategori menggosok dan membersihkan daerah kaki

Risk Estimate

.643 .136 3.035

.762 .279 2.079

1.185 .681 2.062

41

Odds Rat io f or mencuci

kaki (Tidak / Ya)


= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

3 3 6

17.6% 12.5% 14.6%

14 21 35

82.4% 87.5% 85.4%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


Tidak

Ya

membersihkan

daerah kaki

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

.211b 1 .646

.000 1 .991

.208 1 .648

.679 .488

.206 1 .650

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



49.

b.

68

Kategori mengganti kaos kaki

Risk Estimate

1.500 .264 8.523

1.250 .510 3.066

.833 .358 1.939

41

Odds Rat io f or

membersihkan daerah

kaki (Tidak / Ya)


= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

11 10 21

64.7% 41.7% 51.2%

6 14 20

35.3% 58.3% 48.8%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


2 hari sekali atau lebih

setiap hari

f rekuensi ganti

kaos kaki

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

2.114b 1 .146

1.293 1 .256

2.138 1 .144

.208 .128

2.063 1 .151

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



29.

b.

69

Kategori penyimpanan sepatu

Risk Estimate

2.567 .711 9.266

1.746 .797 3.824

.680 .399 1.159

41

Odds Rat io f or

f rekuensi ganti kaos

kaki (2 hari sekali atau

lebih / setiap hari)


= positif


= negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

5 11 16

29.4% 45.8% 39.0%

12 13 25

70.6% 54.2% 61.0%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


tidak terkena sinar

matahari

terkena sinar matahari

peny impanan

sepatu

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

1.128b 1 .288

.543 1 .461

1.145 1 .285

.344 .232

1.100 1 .294

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



63.

b.

70

Kategori lama memakai sepatu

Risk Estimate

.492 .132 1.837

.651 .283 1.498

1.322 .801 2.182

41

Odds Rat io f or

peny impanan sepatu

(tidak terkena sinar

matahari / terkena

sinar matahari)

For cohort Tinea

pedis = posit if

For cohort Tinea

pedis = negatif

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

Crosstab

17 21 38

100.0% 87.5% 92.7%

0 3 3

.0% 12.5% 7.3%

17 24 41

100.0% 100.0% 100.0%

Count


Count


Count


> 8 jam

< 8 jam

lama memakai

sepatu

Total

positif negatif

Tinea pedis

Total

Chi-Square Tests

2.293b 1 .130

.820 1 .365

3.380 1 .066

.254 .190

2.237 1 .135

41

Pearson Chi-Square


Likelihood Ratio

Fisher's Exact Test

Linear-by-Linear

Association

N of Valid Cases

Value df

Asy mp. Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(2-sided)

Exact Sig.

(1-sided)



24.

b.

71

Risk Estimate

.553 .415 .736

41

For cohort Tinea

pedis = negat if

N of Valid Cases

Value Lower Upper

95% Conf idence

Interv al

72

Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi penelitian

73

Lampiran 6

BIODATA MAHASISWA

Nama : Astri N Napitupulu

NIM : 22010112120018

Tempat/tanggal lahir : 25 Desember 1993

Jenis kelamin : Perempuan

Alamat : Jl. Timoho Barat I No 10A Semarang

No. HP : 085361178522

E-mail : [email protected]

Riwayat Pendidikan Formal

1. SD : SD Sanfrancesco Balige Lulus tahun : 2006

2. SMP : SMP Budhi Dharma Balige Lulus tahun : 2009

3. SMA : SMAN 2 Balige Lulus tahun : 2012

4. FK Universitas Diponegoro Masuk tahun : 2012

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