46
DAFTAR PUSTAKA
1. Gebreabiezgi Teklebirhan, Adane Bitew. Prevalence of Dermatophytic
Infection and the Spectrum of Dermatophytes in Patients Attending a Tertiary
Hospital in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. International Journal of Microbiology.
2015.
2. Maria da Gloria, Santana GB, Criado PR, et al. Chronic widespread
dermatophytosis due to Trichophyton rubrum: a syndrome associated with a
Trichophyton-specific functional defect of phagocytes. Front Microbiol.2015.
3. Hidayati Afif Nurul, dkk. Mikosis Superfisialis di Divisi Mikologi Unit Rawat
Jalan Penyakit Kulit dan Kelamin RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya Tahun 2003-
2005.Berkala Ilmu Kesehatan Kulit dan Kelamin. 2009.
4. Havlickova Blanka, A.Czaika Victor, Friedrich markus. Epidemiological
trends in skin mycoses worldwide. Blackwell publishing Ltd Mycoses. 2008
5. Ilkit M, Durdu M. Tinea pedis: the etiology and global epidemiology of a
common fungal infection. Critical Riviews in Microbiology. 2015.
6. Bell-Syer SE, Khan SM. Torgerson DJ. Oral treatments for fungal infections of
the skin of the foot. 2012
7. Perdoski. Dermatofitosis Superfisialis. Jakarta: balai penerbit FKUI 2001
8. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1091684-overview#a6 Akses 29
November 2015
47
9. Vikas Kumar, Ragini Tilak1, Pradyot Prakash, Chaitanya Nigam, Richa Gupta.
Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 2 (2011) 134-138 Tinea Pedis–an Update
10. http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/magazines/allwoman/Myths-surrounding-
athlete-s-foot-_16490106 Akses 20 Januari
11. Wolff Klaus Fitzpatrick’s Dermatology In General Medicine Seventh Edition
Volume Two . New York: Mc Graw Hill Medical,2008.
12. http://www.bpac.org.nz/BPJ/2014/December/docs/BPJ65-tinea-pedis.pdf
Akses 30 November
13. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/athletes-
foot/basics/definition/con-20014892 Akses 30 November
14. .http://www.dermnetnz.org/fungal/tinea-pedis.html Akses 1Desember
15. Gino A Epidemiology of dermatophytoses: retrospective analysis from 2005
to 2010 and comparison with previous data from 1975.
NEWMICROBIOLOGICA, 35, 207-213, 2012
16. Burns Toni, et al. Rook’s Textbook of Dermatology Volume 2.Wiley
Blackwell ;2012
17. Carlo CJ, Bowe MD. Tinea Pedis (Athlete’s Foot) [pamphlet]. (USA); 2012.
18. http://repository.usu.ac.id/bitstream/123456789/17887/5/Chapter%20I.pdf
Akses 30 November
19. H.S. Djajoesman. Polisi Lalu Lintas. Jakarta :Dinas Hukum Polri.1976
48
20. W.J.S Poerwadarmita.Kamus Umum Bahasa Indonesia.Jakarta: Balai Pustaka.
1996
21. Djajusman H.S. Polisi dan Lalu Lintas. Bandung: Mabak. 1976 :8
22. Elder, David. Lever’s Histopathology of The Skin Tenth Edition.
Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins,2009.
23. Wolff, klaus. Fitzpatrick’s Color Atlas and Synopsis of Clinical Dermatology
Seventh Edition. New York: Mc. Graw Hill,2013
24. Zhou Z, Liu T, Zhang Z. Skin Disease in United Nations Peacekeepers in
Lebanon. J. R. Army Med Corps. 2016
25. Baihaqy Muhammad. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Tinea Pedis
pada Pekerja Pabrik Tekstil. Semarang : Universitas Diponegoro; 2014
26. Mustofa Ahmad. Prevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Pityriasis
Versicolor pada Polisi Lalu Lintas Kota Semarang. Semarang : Universitas
Diponegoro ; 2014
27. Matricciani Lisa, Jones Sara. Treating Tinea Pedis in Patients with Diabetes.
Podiatry Today. 2012
49
Lampiran 1. Ethical Clearance
50
Lampiran 2. Informed Consent
51
52
Lampiran 3. Kuesioner penelitian
KUESIONER PENELITIAN
HIGIENE PERORANGAN TERHADAP
TINEA PEDIS
Keterangan Responden
1. Nomor :
2. Tanggal pemeriksaan :
3. Petugas pemeriksa :
Identitas Responden
1. Nama :
2. Jenis Kelamin :
3. Umur :
4. Pangkat :
5. Satuan Kepolisian :
6. Mulai bekerja di kepolisian :
7. Nomer HP :
8. Apakah anda pernah mendapatkan terapi tinea pedis (kutu air) pada 1
bulan terakhir?
a. Ya
b. Tidak
Petunjuk Pengisian : Berilah tanda silang (X) pada jawaban yang anda pilih
I. Kebersian Umum
1. Berapa kali anda mandi setiap harinya? Skor
a. Dua kali atau lebih (1)
b. Satu kali (0)
53
2. Apakah anda mandi selalu memakai sabun mandi?
a. Ya (1)
b. Tidak (0)
3. Apakah sabun yang anda gunakan adalah sabun antiseptik?
a. Ya (1)
b. Tidak (0)
4. Bagaimana penggunaan handuk yang anda pakai?
a. Digunakan sendiri (1)
b. Digunakan untuk banyak orang/bergantian (0)
5. Berapa seringkah anda mengganti handuk anda?
a. 3 hari sekali (1)
b. 5 hari sekali (0)
6. Apakah anda mencuci kaki dan mengeringkannya setelah beraktivitas?
a. Ya (1)
b. Tidak (0)
7. Apakah saat mandi anda menggosok dan membersihkan sela-sela jari kaki,
tumit, dan area kaki?
a. Ya (1)
b. Tidak (0)
II. Kebersihan yang terkait pekerjaan
1. Berapa seringkah anda mengganti kaos kaki anda?
a. Setiap hari (1)
b. Dua hari sekali atau lebih (0)
2. Jika sepatu dan kaos kaki anda tidak langsung dicuci, bagaimanakah anda
menyimpan benda tersebut?
a. Diletakkan di tempat yang terkena sinar matahari langsung (1)
b. Diletakkan di tempat yang tidak terkena sinar matahari (0)
3. Berapa jam dalam sehari anda memakai sepatu?
a. Kurang dari 8 jam (1)
b. Lebih dari 8 jam (0)
54
III. Durasi mengatur lalu lintas
1. Berapa lama durasi anda mengatur lalu lintas?
a. < 4 jam (1)
b. > 4 jam (0)
55
Lampiran 4. Hasil Analisis
Analisis Univariat
1. ROC Umur
56
Coordinates of the Curve
Test Result Variable(s): Umur
20.00 1.000 1.000
22.00 1.000 .824
25.00 1.000 .765
27.50 .958 .765
28.50 .833 .706
29.50 .792 .647
30.50 .625 .647
31.50 .625 .529
32.50 .583 .412
34.00 .458 .412
36.00 .417 .412
38.50 .333 .412
40.50 .333 .353
41.50 .292 .294
43.00 .250 .235
44.50 .208 .235
45.50 .208 .176
47.00 .208 .118
49.00 .167 .118
51.00 .125 .118
52.50 .083 .059
54.00 .042 .000
56.00 .000 .000
Positive if
Greater Than
or Equal Toa
Sensitiv ity 1 - Specif icity
The test result variable(s): Umur has at least one tie
between the posit iv e actual state group and the negat iv e
actual state group.
The smallest cutof f v alue is the minimum
observed test value minus 1, and the largest cutof f
value is the maximum observed test v alue plus 1.
All the other cutof f values are the averages of two
consecutive ordered observ ed test v alues.
a.
57
2. ROC Lama masa bekerja
58
Coordinates of the Curve
Test Result Variable(s): Lama bekerja
.00 1.000 1.000
1.50 1.000 .882
2.50 1.000 .824
6.00 1.000 .765
9.50 .917 .706
10.50 .833 .647
11.50 .708 .588
12.50 .583 .471
13.50 .542 .412
15.00 .458 .412
16.50 .417 .412
18.00 .333 .412
19.50 .333 .294
21.00 .292 .294
22.50 .167 .294
23.50 .125 .294
25.00 .125 .235
27.00 .125 .118
28.50 .083 .118
30.50 .083 .059
32.50 .042 .059
33.50 .042 .000
35.00 .000 .000
Positive if
Greater Than
or Equal Toa
Sensitiv ity 1 - Specif icity
The test result variable(s): Lama bekerja has at least one
tie between the posit iv e actual state group and the
negative actual state group.
The smallest cutof f v alue is the minimum
observed test value minus 1, and the largest cutof f
value is the maximum observed test v alue plus 1.
All the other cutof f values are the averages of two
consecutive ordered observ ed test v alues.
a.
59
3. ROC Higiene
Coordinates of the Curve
Test Result Variable(s): HIgiena
2.00 1.000 1.000
3.50 .958 1.000
4.50 .958 .882
5.50 .917 .824
6.50 .833 .647
7.50 .583 .294
8.50 .333 .176
9.50 .125 .000
11.00 .000 .000
Positive if
Greater Than
or Equal Toa
Sensitiv ity 1 - Specif icity
The test result variable(s): HIgiena has at least one tie
between the posit iv e actual state group and the negat iv e
actual state group.
The smallest cutof f v alue is the minimum
observed test value minus 1, and the largest cutof f
value is the maximum observed test v alue plus 1.
All the other cutof f values are the averages of two
consecutive ordered observ ed test v alues.
a.
60
Analisis Bivariat
1. Kategori Lama bekerja
Crosstab
4 0 4
1.7 2.3 4.0
23.5% .0% 9.8%
13 24 37
15.3 21.7 37.0
76.5% 100.0% 90.2%
17 24 41
17.0 24.0 41.0
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
< 6
>= 6
Lama bekerja
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
6.258b 1 .012
3.870 1 .049
7.664 1 .006
.024 .024
6.105 1 .013
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.
66.
b.
Risk Estimate
2.846 1.837 4.410
41
For cohort Tinea
pedis = positif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
61
2. Kategori durasi mengatur lalu lintas
3. Kategori higiena
Crosstab
10 11 21
8.7 12.3 21.0
58.8% 45.8% 51.2%
7 13 20
8.3 11.7 20.0
41.2% 54.2% 48.8%
17 24 41
17.0 24.0 41.0
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
< 4 jam
>= 4 jam
Durasi mengatur
lalu lintas
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
.672b 1 .412
.253 1 .615
.675 1 .411
.530 .308
.656 1 .418
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.
29.
b.
Risk Estimate
1.688 .481 5.929
1.361 .645 2.871
.806 .479 1.355
41
Odds Rat io for Durasi
mengatur lalu lintas (<
4 jam / >= 4 jam)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
62
Crosstab
12 10 22
9.1 12.9 22.0
70.6% 41.7% 53.7%
5 14 19
7.9 11.1 19.0
29.4% 58.3% 46.3%
17 24 41
17.0 24.0 41.0
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
Expected Count
% within Tinea pedis
< 7,5
>= 7,5
HIgiena
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
3.347b 1 .067
2.285 1 .131
3.420 1 .064
.112 .065
3.266 1 .071
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.
88.
b.
63
Kategori penggunaan sabun anti septik
Risk Estimate
3.360 .896 12.600
2.073 .892 4.818
.617 .363 1.049
41
Odds Rat io f or HIgiena
(< 7,5 / >= 7,5)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
8 2 10
47.1% 8.3% 24.4%
9 22 31
52.9% 91.7% 75.6%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Tidak
Ya
sabun antiseptik
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
8.092b 1 .004
6.129 1 .013
8.278 1 .004
.008 .007
7.895 1 .005
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 4.
15.
b.
64
Kategori penggunaan handuk
Risk Estimate
9.778 1.729 55.304
2.756 1.465 5.182
.282 .080 .993
41
Odds Rat io for sabun
antiseptik (Tidak / Ya)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
2 0 2
11.8% .0% 4.9%
15 24 39
88.2% 100.0% 95.1%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
digunakan bany ak orang
digunakan sendiri
pemggunaan
handuk
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
2.968b 1 .085
.974 1 .324
3.667 1 .055
.166 .166
2.896 1 .089
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is .
83.
b.
65
Kategori frekuensi mengganti handuk
Risk Estimate
2.600 1.748 3.867
41
For cohort Tinea
pedis = positif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
9 10 19
52.9% 41.7% 46.3%
8 14 22
47.1% 58.3% 53.7%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
5 hari sekali
3 hari sekali
mengganti
handuk
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
.509b 1 .476
.156 1 .693
.509 1 .476
.537 .346
.496 1 .481
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 7.
88.
b.
66
Kategori mencuci kaki setelah aktivitas
Risk Estimate
1.575 .451 5.504
1.303 .629 2.698
.827 .486 1.406
41
Odds Rat io for mengganti
handuk (5 hari sekali / 3
hari sekali)
For cohort Tinea pedis =
positif
For cohort Tinea pedis =
negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
3 6 9
17.6% 25.0% 22.0%
14 18 32
82.4% 75.0% 78.0%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Tidak
Ya
mencuci
kaki
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
.314b 1 .575
.031 1 .859
.320 1 .572
.711 .435
.306 1 .580
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
1 cells (25.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.
73.
b.
67
Kategori menggosok dan membersihkan daerah kaki
Risk Estimate
.643 .136 3.035
.762 .279 2.079
1.185 .681 2.062
41
Odds Rat io f or mencuci
kaki (Tidak / Ya)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
3 3 6
17.6% 12.5% 14.6%
14 21 35
82.4% 87.5% 85.4%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Tidak
Ya
membersihkan
daerah kaki
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
.211b 1 .646
.000 1 .991
.208 1 .648
.679 .488
.206 1 .650
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 2.
49.
b.
68
Kategori mengganti kaos kaki
Risk Estimate
1.500 .264 8.523
1.250 .510 3.066
.833 .358 1.939
41
Odds Rat io f or
membersihkan daerah
kaki (Tidak / Ya)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
11 10 21
64.7% 41.7% 51.2%
6 14 20
35.3% 58.3% 48.8%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
2 hari sekali atau lebih
setiap hari
f rekuensi ganti
kaos kaki
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
2.114b 1 .146
1.293 1 .256
2.138 1 .144
.208 .128
2.063 1 .151
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 8.
29.
b.
69
Kategori penyimpanan sepatu
Risk Estimate
2.567 .711 9.266
1.746 .797 3.824
.680 .399 1.159
41
Odds Rat io f or
f rekuensi ganti kaos
kaki (2 hari sekali atau
lebih / setiap hari)
For cohort Tinea pedis
= positif
For cohort Tinea pedis
= negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
5 11 16
29.4% 45.8% 39.0%
12 13 25
70.6% 54.2% 61.0%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
tidak terkena sinar
matahari
terkena sinar matahari
peny impanan
sepatu
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
1.128b 1 .288
.543 1 .461
1.145 1 .285
.344 .232
1.100 1 .294
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
0 cells (.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 6.
63.
b.
70
Kategori lama memakai sepatu
Risk Estimate
.492 .132 1.837
.651 .283 1.498
1.322 .801 2.182
41
Odds Rat io f or
peny impanan sepatu
(tidak terkena sinar
matahari / terkena
sinar matahari)
For cohort Tinea
pedis = posit if
For cohort Tinea
pedis = negatif
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
Crosstab
17 21 38
100.0% 87.5% 92.7%
0 3 3
.0% 12.5% 7.3%
17 24 41
100.0% 100.0% 100.0%
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
Count
% within Tinea pedis
> 8 jam
< 8 jam
lama memakai
sepatu
Total
positif negatif
Tinea pedis
Total
Chi-Square Tests
2.293b 1 .130
.820 1 .365
3.380 1 .066
.254 .190
2.237 1 .135
41
Pearson Chi-Square
Continuity Correctiona
Likelihood Ratio
Fisher's Exact Test
Linear-by-Linear
Association
N of Valid Cases
Value df
Asy mp. Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(2-sided)
Exact Sig.
(1-sided)
Computed only for a 2x2 tablea.
2 cells (50.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 1.
24.
b.
71
Risk Estimate
.553 .415 .736
41
For cohort Tinea
pedis = negat if
N of Valid Cases
Value Lower Upper
95% Conf idence
Interv al
72
Lampiran 5. Dokumentasi penelitian
73
Lampiran 6
BIODATA MAHASISWA
Nama : Astri N Napitupulu
NIM : 22010112120018
Tempat/tanggal lahir : 25 Desember 1993
Jenis kelamin : Perempuan
Alamat : Jl. Timoho Barat I No 10A Semarang
No. HP : 085361178522
E-mail : [email protected]
Riwayat Pendidikan Formal
1. SD : SD Sanfrancesco Balige Lulus tahun : 2006
2. SMP : SMP Budhi Dharma Balige Lulus tahun : 2009
3. SMA : SMAN 2 Balige Lulus tahun : 2012
4. FK Universitas Diponegoro Masuk tahun : 2012