Daily Question Wed. 9/17/14 US HISTORY

Identify & discuss the major problems & challenges in urban areas during the turn of the century (Gilded Age-1870-1910).

POP QUIZ Partner Grade Directions:1. Switch your pop quiz next to you2. Check answers3. On the bottom right corner (next to the octopus) circle

the score ( ___/10 pts)

ANSWERS:1. A2. B3. D4. J5. E6. F7. G8. I9. L10. H

____/10 pts

US History Daily Agenda: Wed. 9/17/14

1. Daily Question, Agenda, Attendance, HW Check (Cause & Effect Chart- Challenges of Cities)

2. Activity I: Review HW- Cause & Effect Chart for Challenges of Cities; check/add to your chart.

3. Activity II: Child Labor Reading & Activity; pass out class work/homework; Watch a short video addressing child labor

4. Activity III: Unit #2 Labor & Urbanization Vocabulary Quiz; clear desks, review directions, take quiz. When done, begin classwork: Child Labor Reading

5. Wrap Up/HW Reminders: NONE

Cause & Effect Chart- URBANIZATION

Directions:Pull out Cause & Effect ChartCheck/Add to your chartCheck for Understanding

Urban Growth in the Gilded Age (1870-1910)

Challenges of Cities-Causes of Urbanization

Buildings & Technology- Cities grew (along with buildings + tech) as a result

of immigration & population explosionPeople move from farms to cities (work)Tenement housing was created to meet the demandSkyscrapers, elevators are invented Transportation-Elevated trains, Electric trolleys- Richmond, VA

1888, Cable Cars, and eventually subway trains (Boston,

1897)Birth of automobile in 1893, mass produced in 1910

created the rise of the SUBURBS

Challenges of Cities- CAUSES of Urbanization

Living Conditions/Health:Ghettos- neighborhoods where 1 ethnic or racial background

dominatedTenement housing- low cost housing built for the masses

(immigrants)They were run down, dirty, disease ridden, and created a

SLUMCity Government-Rapid urban growth created demand for city officials to

improve infrastructure of the city- fire, police, water, transportation, electrical, sewage services

Competition among groups for control of city governmentPolitical Machines were created, working through corupt and

unethical means

Challenges of EFFECTS of Urbanization Buildings & Technology-

Modernization of Urban areas-Skyscrapers, elevators, & specialized areas

Due to the new technologies, specialized areas are created in cities (districts) such as: financial, business, shopping, government areas

Transportation-Travel faster with new technologies (subways,

trolley cars, cable cars, etc.)Middle-upper class living in suburbs can

ride/travel with ease to city (stay connected)Cities grow “upwards,” allowing for MORE

people to live in the cities (skyscrapers DUE to the development of the Bessemer Process)

Challenges of Cities- EFFECTS of Urbanization Living Conditions/Health: Muckrakers like Jacob Riis explore the “ugly issues” of society to

the public through his writing/photography Public pushes to REFORM these issues such as Tenement housing- Contagious diseases spread like cholera, TB, diphtheria, malaria,

typhoid due to crowded living conditions. Great Chicago Fire 1871- ex of constant threat to cities (due to

poor city design/planning) Push to REFORM these issues, and bring/develop proper

infrastructure to cities

City Government- Effect of political machines- “runs” on bribes, favors, grafts People like Thomas Nast (political cartoonist) expose the UGLY truth

about political machines & those controlling them, which creates PUBLIC OUTRAGE.

Need for REFORM & passing of legislation to eliminate corruption Anti-Immigrant Feelings- Nativisim- hatred towards immigrant

groups, as many Americans blamed them for the corruption issues in urban centers

US History Agenda: Wed. 9/17/14 pd. 2

1. Daily Question, Agenda, Attendance, HW Check (Cause & Effect Chart- Challenges of Cities)

2. Activity I: Review HW- Cause & Effect Chart for Challenges of Cities; check/add to your chart.

3. Activity II: Review Child Labor Reading & Activity; Watch a short video addressing child labor

4. Activity III: Group Activity- Anti-Trust Legislation Review directions, place in groups, begin work. DO NOT WORRY- if you don’t finish the reading in class, Mrs. K will give you time to work tomorrow.

5. Wrap Up/HW Reminders: NONE

Daily Question Thursday 9/18

Write a definition for the following terms:

1. Trust-2. Legislation-

NOTE: Please take out your HW (Child Labor Reading w/Questions, we will review)

US History Daily Agenda; Thursday, 9/18

1. Daily Question, Agenda, Attendance, HW Check (Child Labor reading + Q&A)

2. Activity I: Review HW/Child Labor Reading & Short Video

3. Activity II: Activity- Anti-Trust Legislation Review directions, begin work. If you do not finish the readings/chart in class, it is HW.

4. Wrap Up/HW Reminders: Anti-Trust Legislation Reading + Chart due FRI. 9/19

REVIEW: What is a TRUST?

trust-monopolistic corporation, prior to the enactment of antitrust laws.

REVIEW: What does legislation mean?

Legislation- laws, rules, regulations, acts, bills, etc.

Activity: Anti-Trust Legislation DIRECTIONS

1. Receive reading + chart2. Listen to DIRECTIONS, check for understanding3. Begin working- first read, annotate, highlight

your passage. 4. After reading, fill out your chart. Remember,

write down the basic ISSUE, RULING, and EFFECT/IMPACT for each case.

6. Questions 1-3 answer with a partner (last 5 mins)7. If not completed in class, it is HW; most

IMPORTANT element of this assignment is QUESTIONS # 1-3THE Resource/Reading handout IS YOURS TO

KEEP! Please WRITE on IT!

Thurs. 8/21/14

Daily Question:

Use the SOAPSS strategy to analyze the following primary source document

Speaker-Occasion-Audience-Purpose-Significance-Subject- “A TRUSTWORTHY BEAST”

The public may regard trusts or combination with serene confidence,” –Andrew Carnegie,

NYT, October, 9 1880

Political Cartoons during the Gilded Age- Informing the public of the “ugly” parts of

American society, politics, economics, culture.

US History Daily Question: Friday, 9/19/14

What is a thesis statement? Develop an definition using your background knowledge or predict what a thesis statement is.

US History Agenda: Friday, 9/19 Pd.2

1. Daily Question, Agenda, Attendance2. Activity I: Thesis Statement Writing

Introduction- Take Cornell Notes on thesis statement writing; practice

3. Activity II: Finish Group Activity- Anti-Trust Legislation Review directions, place in groups, begin work. If you do not finish the readings/chart in class, it is HW.

4. Activity III: Unit #1-Organizational Packet & Folder set up: Name on folder, receive directions & checklist. Due next Wed. 9/24

5. Wrap Up/HW Reminders: Unit #1 Org. Packet w/Checklist due next Wed. 9/24 (Mrs. Kumm will accept it earlier). HOMECOMING is NEXT WEEK!

US History Agenda: Friday, 9/19

1. Daily Question, Agenda, Attendance2. Activity I: Thesis Statement Writing Introduction-

Take Cornell Notes on thesis statement writing; practice

3. Activity II: Primary Sources & Thesis Statement writing practice- THINK> PAIR>SHARE Review directions, analyze a primary source from The Gilded Age with a partner. Next test- write a thesis statement.

4. Activity III: Unit #1-Organizational Packet & Folder set up: Name on folder, receive directions & checklist. Due next Wed. 9/24

5. Wrap Up/HW Reminders: Unit #1 Org. Packet w/Checklist due next Wed. 9/24 (Mrs. Kumm will accept it earlier). HOMECOMING is NEXT WEEK!

Organizational Checklist Reminders1. Set up folder- Name & Period # on tab

2. Receive checklist- begin to place documents/handouts/assignments

in order of the checklist & “check off” your list.3. If you are missing any documents, circle

them. See me after class/after school to get them.

4. Staple/binder clip together with the CHECKLIST on front

5. Due: Wed. 9/22; Mrs. Kumm will accept early packets.

In the late 1880’s, trusts and monopolies of big businesses such as oil and steel became a widely common idea so much to inspire the cartoon, “The Trustworthy Beast.” The comic depicts Uncle Sam staring skeptically at a monster next to Andrew Carnegie with a warm inviting look on his face. The monster has six heads, each labeled ‘coal trust’, ‘sugar trust’, ‘oil trust’, ‘steel trust’, ‘lumber trust’ and ‘salt trust.’

Underneath the illustration, a quote from Carnegie that says, “The public may regard trusts or combinations with serene confidence.”

The main message of this cartoon is that while the tycoons of big business want the public to accept trusts and monopolies, in reality the trusts could only hurt consumer interest.

Exit Pass:You do not need to write down the question, just your response

1. What is a monopoly? 2. Name a INDUSTRIALIST from

the Gilded Age, and describe their business practices that made them wealthy.

Unit 1: The Gilded Age

$$$ The Bessemer Process

J.ROCK

Unit 1: The Gilded AgeCornell Notes

What does the “Gilded Age” mean?

-The Gilded Age- term coined by Mark Twain to describe what seemingly looks “gold” is actually quite ugly and rotten underneath.

1870-1910

-America is booming! New technologies, R&R expansion, oil, steel, new inventions that shape the daily life in the U.S.

Unit 1: The Gilded Age

We will study this time period in the following sections:

I. Industrial development & the major innovations that transformed America at the turn of the century

II. Economics- business practices that Robber barons & Captains of Industry used to make $$$

Unit 1: The Gilded Age VocabularyTERM DEFINTION

TRUST Business worked together & agree on what and how much is produced, where it is shipped, how much it will cost.

Vertical Integration Controlling all businesses from the resources to the final product. Ex. Owning all the oil rigs, gas stations, refineries.

Horizontal Integration Controlling all business that are like your own (Ex-Oil refiner will purchase all oil refineries)

Captains of Industry Ultra wealthy business leaders of the Gilded Age

Robber Baron Wealthy Gilded Age industrialist who got their wealth from the workers, exploit natural resources, possessed unfair govt influence

Monopoly Control ALL the components of your business to eliminate competition

Wealth in the U.S. 1850-1900Total national wealth in 1860- $16 billionTotal national wealth in 1900- $88 billion

Percentage of Americans living in cities in 1890: 20%

Percentage of American living in cities in 1900-40%

Average work week for an industrial worker during the 1890’s-60 Hrs a week

Average hourly page for unskilled industrial workers during the 1890’s- 8 to 10 cents an hr.

DO NOW:TURN TO YOUR PARTNER AND DISCUSS THE

MAJOR DIFFERENCES from mid-1800 to 1900.

Statistics of The Gilded Age (you don’t have to copy this slide)

In 1850, most Americans were self-employed (farms, small businesses)

By 1900, most Americans were working for someone else (factories, larger businesses, new industries)

Between 1877-1893, the US economy doubled in size

By 1914, the U.S. was the largest industrial nation.

Example of United States “might”- we are becoming POWERFUL & STRONG (we are also a YOUNG country)

Industry & Innovation

Steel- Henry Bessemer’s development of the “Bessemer Process” which creates STEEL at a cheaper/faster rate allows for the creation of a variety of new technologies- the Railroad, infrastructure (city development, skyscrapers, factories). Andrew Carnegie will capitalize on it!

OIL- oil is discovered in Titusville, PA by Edwin L. Drake in the late 1800’s; Rockefeller will capitalize on this by making a MONOPOLY and creating his company “Standard Oil.”

The Transcontinental Railroad

The Bessemer Process

Railroad Technology ImprovementsRailroads move PEOPLE, SUPPLIES, IDEAS,

DREAMS out West! (Go West, young man, go west!). The R&R is the Manifest Destiny REALIZED.

Standardized railroad track widths Westinghouse Air Break (Travel Safer)Pullman sleeper and dining cars make travel

more comfortableRefrigerator R&R cars to keep goods “fresh”Standardized time zones -1869- TRANSCONTINENTAL R&R-merging of

Central Pacific and Union Pacific R&R’s

The Pullman Company= “BOURGEOUIS”

More Pullman

TheWizard of Menlo Park-

Thomas A. Edison

New Technologies continued…

Bessemer Steel Process ElevatorElectricity/Electric Cable CarTelephoneFARMING- Mechanical harvester, Barbed

WireWashing Machine/Dishwasher/Vacuum

cleanerInternal combustion engine (gas engine) air

tires

1. Does everyone have the opportunity to improve their equality of life?

2. Do you believe INEQUALITY is inevitable?

Daily Question:Wed. August 27, 2014

Economics & Business Practices of the Gilded Age

CORNELL NOTES continued…

Business Practices during the Gilded Age-Many Business Leaders & Industrialists used

the following practices to make $:

Corrupt business practicesExploited natural resourcesExploited workersUsed different forms of monopolies to LIMIT competition

They all practiced Laissez-Faire economics which means: NO GOVERNMENT regulations (rules) over their companies!

Different Forms of Monopolies:Vertical Integration when you control/own the

different materials and resources used in your product (think: Andrew Carnegie- in control of the raw materials and resources in the steel industry- iron ore, railroads for transportation, lumber companies, etc.)

Horizontal Integration think John Rockefeller- he controlled 90% of the oil industry by owning MANY small oil refineries- Vertical is controlling the SAME thing)

TrustsPools/CartelsHolding Companies

John Rockefeller vs. Andrew Carnegie

“Manifest Destiny” & The American Dream

-Manifest Destiny- The belief it was our God given right to expand from “sea to shining sea”

CORRUPTION (Robber Barons/Captains of Industry).

The US Government realized abuse DID EXIST, but it took awhile to fix business abuses (because of the POWER they had).

1866-Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) to regulate fair railroad rates

1890- SHERMAN ANTI-TRUST ACT- to prevent business trusts (forms of monopolies)

IN POLITICS:Business leaders-paid government officials off (grafts,

spoils systems, political machines).Graft: Officials gain something b/c of their position ($$$)Political machines / spoils system - Get a job because

you know someone in office (Tammany Hall-NY City BOSS)

Wed. August 27, 2014DQ- Why did businesses feel the need to form monopolies during The Gilded Age?

Daily Agenda Wed. Aug. 27, 2014

1. Daily Question2. Activity I: “How To Annotate”- a look at Self

Regulating Market Example” (5-10 mins)3. Review for Vocabulary Quiz (2 mins)4. Clear desks & pass out The Gospel of

Wealth- work on this when you are done the quiz (homework if not completed in class).

5. Activity II: Take Vocabulary Quiz (matching)6. Time permitting: discuss The Gospel of Wealth7. Wrap Up: HW (finish reading & answering

Q’s for the Gospel of Wealth)

ADAM SMITHWEALTH OF NATIONS

HOW TO ANNOTATE

Adam Smith, Wealth of Nations (1776)

It is not from the benevolence of the butcher, the brewer, or the baker, that we expect our dinner, but from their regard to their own interest.”

Every individual is continually exerting himself to find out the most advantageous employment for whatever capital (value) he can command. It is his own advantage, indeed, and not that of society which he has in view. But the study of his own advantage naturally, or rather necessarily leads him to prefer that employment which is most advantageous to the society.

EXIT PASS (REVIEW) Wed. 8/27

You do not need to write down the question:

A. Laissez-faire-

B. Adam Smith’s idea of “Self Interest”- (Explain)

DQ ANSWER: Businesses formed monopolies during the Gilded Age (1850-1900) because of the high cost of starting and running a BIG company, as well as to LIMIT competition, and make a tremendous profit (laissez-faire).

Wabash v. Illinois- 1886Issue Ruling Effect &

ImpactIL law put a penalty on R&R-charged more $$$ for passengers or freight shipped at longer or shorter distances.

Law was unacceptable; issue. INTRASTATE vs. INTERSTATE regulation.Private property could be regulated if used for the public good.

Leads to creation of the ICC- Interstate Commerce Commission, which will have the power to regulate interstate commerce.

Court Case: U.S. v. E.C. Knight- 1894 “Sugar Trust Case”Issue Ruling Effect & Impact

Knight Co. to control of the American Sugar Refining Co. (which was already a sugar monopoly- 98% of industry).

Manufacturing was a local activity not subject to congressional regulation of interstate commerce. Knight did not violate restraint of trade provision of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.

The Sherman Anti-Trust Act (S.A.A.) has major flaws, as it permits combos of manufacturers .

S.A.A. is WEAK!

Court Case: Swift Co. v. United States (Commerce Clause)-

1905Issue Ruling Effect & ImpactCommerce between intrastate matters- Chicago slaughterhouse industry R&R stop.

Commerce ruled that government was allowed to regulate monopolies if it has a direct effect on trade.

Fed government is now in control of interstate/intrastate matters, ability to regulate.

Northern Securities Co. v. The U.S. -1904Issue Ruling Effect & Impact

James Hill tries to take over many R&R co’s w/J.P. Morgan.-Hill creates a holding company-Northern Securities to control all three railroads (about to become the largest co in the world)

Court rules AGAINST the stock holders (who had essentially formed a monopoly empire) to DISSOLVE the Northern Securities Company.

Hill forced to disband his holding company and manage each R&R company independently.

T

DQ: How did business dominate politics during the Gilded Age?

Captains of Industry

Increased availability of goods by building factories.

Raised productivityExpands marketsCreates more jobsFunds many of the nation’s public institutions:

practiced PHILANTHROPY (giving generaoulsy to charitable causes)

Organizes the factors of production efficently

Robber Barons

DQ: Take out last night’s homework (Unit 1: Study Guide). Look over the questions and answers. Which question did you struggle the most with and why?

Unit 1 Exam: The Gilded Age- Short Answer Response Student ExampleIndustrialists influenced politics during the Gilded Age by bribing

them, controlling all resources, and through their laissez-faire philosophy. First, the industrialists would bribe the politicians to get their way, through the influence of their great wealth and fortune. Second, the government always sided with big business industrialists during strikes. During the Pullman RR strike, the Courts ordered the workers back to work under the Sherman Anti-Trust Act-another example of the industrialist’s influence of power. Lastly, the industrialists believed in laissez-faire philosophy, which encouraged little or no government involvement within their business practices. In the political cartoon, the industrialists appear large in size, and dressed in the latest fashion of the time period. This allowed them to create forms of monopolies- gaining complete control of a market or service. Overall, the political cartoon exemplifies how industrialists influenced politics during the Gilded Age- by means of control through resources, laissez-faire beliefs, and through political corruption of public officials such as through bribes, grafts, and “buying” votes.