Filmstrip with Countdown
Dampak TI terhadap organisasiIf the old model of organization was the large, hierarchical organization, the new model that is considered characteristic of the new competition is a network of lateral and horizontal interlinkages within and among firms (nohria and eccles, 1997)>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>18>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>27>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>36>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>45>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>54>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>63>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>7
>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>8
>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>9PICTURE START
>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>10Pengertian organisasiDefinisi teknis: "Sebuah struktur sosial yang stabil dan formal yang mengambil sumber daya dari lingkungan dan diproses untuk menghasilkan output." (Laudon & Laudon)Teknologi Informasi diperkenalkan ke dalam struktur ini untuk membuat produk keluaran lebih efisien.>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>11Pengertian organisasiStruktur, Perilaku dan lain-lain:Hirarki kewenanganSifat umumDitulis aturan perilaku (prosedur operasi)Promosi berdasarkan prestasi (kualifikasi teknis untuk posisi; meritokrasi)Pembagian kerja khususEfisiensi (efisiensi organisasi maksimal)Inovasi TI dapat membua konflik diantara mereka>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Kantor Klaim Asuransi Pre-IT(c 1965)Giuliani, V. E. The Mechanization Of Office Work. in Forester, T., ed.The Information Technology Revolution. MIT Press; 1985.>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>
Setelah TI(c 1985)Giuliani, V. E. The Mechanization Of Office Work. in Forester, T., ed.The Information Technology Revolution. MIT Press; 1985.>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>A Post-ITInsuranceClaimsOffice(c 2004) Komputer bisa berada di kantor pusat atau di perusahaan layanan
call centre bisa siapa saja dan dimana saja
petugas klaim agen mungkin bekerja di luar kantor, seperti pegawai tidak tetapTheNetworkHeadOfficeDataCentreCallCentreBankAgentsCustomers>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>TI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAHPre-ITPost-ITTingkat ketrampilan relatif rendah relatif tinggiKebutuhan Informasi aliran yg terstruktur akses terbatas penyimpanan terstruktur akses luasTanggapan relatif lambat relatif cepat>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>IP Pre-ITIP Post-ITPekerjaan spesialis terkotak-kotak berulang generalis saling terhubung variasi/tidak tentuAliran kerja cenderung ditumpuk perkejadianStandar Kinerja mengikuti aturan memahami prosesTI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>IP Pre-ITIP Post-ITStruktur organisasi Hirarki dan kaku lemah kerjasama kuat kerjasama lemah secara hirarkiTenaga kerja relatif besar relatif lebih sedikitTI & ORGANISASI: SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>3 Efek ekonomis TI dalam organisasiBiaya Teknologi Informasi umumnya jatuh, biaya tenaga kerja umumnya meningkat. TI dapat menggantikan tenaga kerja, dan mengurangi jumlah manajer menengah dan pekerja administrasi.Teknologi Informasi menurunkan biaya transaksi. Oleh karena itu ukuran perusahaan harus menjadi lebih kecil dan melakukan transaksi eksternal lebih banyak (mis outsourcing)Teknologi informasi menurunkan biaya manajemen internal (pengawasan dan koordinasi). Sehingga perusahaan dapat menjadi lebih besar. (?)>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>Unit Org. & Sistem TI
>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>Sistem Enterprise & Org.
Integrasi TI jadul>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>Sistem Enterprise & Org.
Integrasi TI masa kini >>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>5 era generasi komputer1964-1980 The System Centric Era 1964: introduction of the IBM 3601981-1993 The PC Centric Era1981: introduction of the IBM PC1994-2005 The Network Centric Era2006-2015 The Content Centric Era?
>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizeSYSTEMS CENTRIC
Corporate
Transistor
Groschs Law
Proprietary Systems
Data Center
Efficiency
Vertical Integration
US systems
10 million
$20 billion>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizeSYSTEMS CENTRIC
Corporate
Transistor
Groschs Law
Proprietary Systems
Data Center
Efficiency
Vertical Integration
US systems
10 million
$20 billionPC CENTRIC
Professional
Microprocessor
Moores Law
Standard Products
LAN/WAN
Productivity
Horizontal value chain
US Components
100 million
$460 billion>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>25FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizePC CENTRIC
Professional
Microprocessor
Moores Law
Standard Products
LAN/WAN
Productivity
Horizontal value chain
US Components
100 million
$460 billionNETWORK CENTRIC
Consumer
Bandwidth
Metcalfes Law
Value Added Services
Public Network
Customer Service
Unified Computer & Communications ChainNational Carriers
1 Billion
$3 trillion>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizePC CENTRIC
Professional
Microprocessor
Moores Law
Standard Products
LAN/WAN
Productivity
Horizontal value chain
US Components
100 million
$460 billionNETWORK CENTRIC
Consumer
Bandwidth
Metcalfes Law
Value Added Services
Public Network
Customer Service
Unified Computer & Communications ChainNational Carriers
1 Billion
$3 trillion>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizeNETWORK CENTRIC
Consumer
Bandwidth
Metcalfes Law
Value Added Services
Public Network
Customer Service
Unified Computer & Communications ChainNational Carriers
1 Billion
$3 trillionCONTENT CENTRIC
Individual
Software
Transformation Law
Custom Services
Transparent
Virtualization
Embedded
Content Providers
Universal
Too embedded to measure>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>28FEATURE
Audience
Technology
Principle
Offerings
Network Focus
User Focus
Supplier Structure
Supplier Leadership
# Users at end
Market SizeNETWORK CENTRIC
Consumer
Bandwidth
Metcalfes Law
Value Added Services
Public Network
Customer Service
Unified Computer & Communications ChainNational Carriers
1 Billion
$3 trillionCONTENT CENTRIC
Individual
Software
Transformation Law
Custom Services
Transparent
Virtualization
Embedded
Content Providers
Universal
Too embedded to measure>>0 >>1 >> 2 >> 3 >> 4 >>29Function
Org. level Sales & Marketing Manufacturing & Production Finance & Accounting Human Resources"Epistemological Level"
Strategic(Executive Support System) Sales trend forecasting Facilities location Profit Planning Labor force needsStrategy"Wisdom?"
Management (Decision Support System; Management Information Systems) Pricing analysis Production Planning Budgeting Range & Distribution of wages, benefits Knowledge
Knowledge (Knowledge Work Systems; Office Systems) Market analysis Computer Aided Design Investment Portfolio Analysis Design possible career paths Knowledge and Information
Operations (Transaction Processing Systems) Enter, process, track Machine control Accounts Receivable Track employee training, skills & evaluationsData