Danida support to IWRM– South Africa

From policy to Implementation

water & forestry

provincial &local government

IWRM I

• Guidelines and policy• Water Conservation, CMAs and Groundwater• Limited capacity building• Limited developmental projects

Difference between participation and empowerment

• Empowerment is the expansion of assets and capabilities of poor people to participate in, negotiate with, influence, control, and hold accountable institutions that affect their lives(Narayan, Deepa (Ed,) Empowerment and Poverty Reduction

A Sourcebook The World Bank, Washington, 2002, p.xviii).

Difference between participation and empowerment

• If we are to capacitate people to be able to claim their rights, we have to ensure that approaches adopted to achieve these outcomes are effective, appropriate for their situation and allow sufficient time for the capacity development of marginalized groups and their representatives to be able to articulate their needs

The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) to Development

• The rights-based approach to development sets the achievement of human rights as the objective of development. It uses thinking about human rights as the scaffolding of development policy. It invokes the international apparatus of human rights accountability in support of development action. In all of these, it is concerned not just with civil and political rights, but also with economic, social and cultural rights

(Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 1998),

The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) - Empowerment

• Human rights is empowering. It has the potential to empower people at the grass roots level into believing that they have a right to education, to health care or any of the other rights proclaimed in international instruments

(Human Rights Council of Australia- 1998)

The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) -Accountability

• Accountability is firmly anchored in the human rights based approach to development. All partners in the development process: local, national, regional and international must accept higher levels of accountability.

• Not only does it establish claims but also establishes obligations to meet these claims and identifies the corresponding duty-bearers.

(UN Commission of Human Rights – Poverty Reduction Guidelines)

The Rights-Based Approach (RBA) - Participation

• Popular participation must extend to all parts of community life, including the definition and formulation of development policies and programmes, as well as their international implementation, monitoring and supervision

(Declaration by UN Working Group on the Right to Development – UN Commission of Human Rights - 1996)

Rationale for approach to IWRM South Africa

UN CESCR 2002 General Comment No 15

DUBLIN PRINCIPLES

WATER

Rome Declaration

FOOD SECURITY

Governance

Millenium Declaration MDGs

National Water Act

Constitution and Bill of Rights

South African Framework

Sustainable Development Sustainable WMIs

Empowerment

Rights Based Approach

Declaration on Right to Development

Vienna Declaration

Copenhagen Summit

POVERTY ERADICATION

Bejing Declaration

CEDAW

GENDER

Copenhagen Summit

EMPLOYMENT GENERATION

International Conventions, Resolutions and Agreements

Key Components of Support

• Building Stakeholder Commitment

• Institutionalising CMAs

• Integrating IWRM into service delivery

• Link to each outcome mapped out in Masibambane III

MOZAMBIQUE

CapeTown

Port Elizabeth

East London

Durban

Pretoria

Johannesburg

Bloemfontein

BOTSWANA

ZIMBABWE

NAMIBIA

1. 2.

8. 9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

15.

16.

18.

19.

17.

14.

ProvincialBoundaries

Water ManagementArea Boundaries

WATER MANAGEMENT AREA

1. LIMPOPO 2. LUVUVHU AND LETABA 3. CROCODILE (WEST) AND MARICO 4. OLIFANTS 5. INKOMATI 6. USUTHU TO MHLATUZE 7. THUKELA 8. UPPER VAAL 9. MIDDLE VAAL10. LOWER VAAL11. MVOTI TO UMZIMKULU12. MZIMVUBU TO KEISKAMMA13. UPPER ORANGE14. LOWER ORANGE15. FISH TO TSITSIKAMMA16. GOURITZ17. OLIFANTS/DOORN18. BREEDE19. BERG

3.4.

5.

6.

7.

CMAs and IWRM WMA

Key issues Sector Wide Approach

• Need to move to SWAP– Integration within DWAF– Whilst DWAF is sector leader needs strong

linkages with other government departments

– Vehicles such as Masibambane critical

CMAs

• Need to ensure that basin organisations (CMAs) do not maintain the status quo but are vehicles for IWRM and sustainable development in the holistic sense

• Moreover CMAs are a vehicle for redressing the past and those previously marginalised can benefit to the maximum and actively participate in local WRM issues.

Inter-governmental

• Considerable effort has been taken to engage other government departments

• Creating fora for dialogue• At an operational level

– Bring all key actors on board wherever possible with respect to pilot/demonstration projects to ensure integrated approaches and linkages to local and provincial development plans (e.g. KZN)

– Use of Metro to capacitate other municipalities

Other donors and NGOs

• Task has been to ensure complementarity's and avoid duplication

• Involve donors in key milestone activities• Draw on their experiences e.g. FAO and food

security ITC/ILO gender• Ensuring real collaboration on the ground e.g.

UK/EPA, Netherlands, USAID• Partnering funding

Other donors and NGOs

• EXAMPLES 1– EU Water for Development Programme– Netherlands capacity develop for rural

communities – USAID Community involvement in non-

revenue management– UK/EPA developing stakeholder

partnerships for CMAs

Other donors and NGOs

• EXAMPLES 2– Netherlands: Water Boards– FAO: Food Security– ITC/ILO Flemish Community GPE– WWF Partnership capacity building WUAs– DFID licensing

IWRM II

Empowerment Projects

Selected Examples

Preliminary Framework

Presentation Workshop

Invitation for proposals from

CMFs

Short-long lists

Interaction with beneficiaries with respect to detailed design, including their role in

implementation and the establishment of monitoring systems

Capacity buiding

Other Govt. Department

s

Detailed financing

plan Community Implementatio

n Plan

INCEPTION PHASE

Agree Implementation

Framework

DETA

ILED

IM

PLEM

EN

TA

TIO

N P

LA

N W

ITH

C

OM

MU

NIT

Y B

UY

IN

LOCAL COMMITTEES ENGAGEMENT IN DECISION MAKING PROCESSES

DESIGN PHSE

Capacitate Selection Committee

Selection committee nominated

Design workshop

Site Visits

Broker Workshop

TransformationIrrigationBoards

Sandveld

Strand 1LG and/or

DWAF

Water Harvesting?Mvoti Umzimkulu

Olifants Doorn

Others being identified

with DIR WUE

Others being identified

with DIR WUE

Crocodile West-Marico

Others being identified

with DIR WUE

Strand 2Metros

Integrated Agriculture

demo

Urban agriImpact on resource

Food security& HIV/AIDS

Communities &Non-revenuemanagement

The “Three Metros”

Resource pollution

Mvoti Umzimkulu

(Ethekwini)

Crocodile West-Marico

Pollution

Strand 3CommunitiesFood security

“mini” CMS

WetlandsRehab & Food

Organic baby foodwomen’s

cooperative

WC/DM Awareness

GroundwaterProtection

Emerging Farmers

Food security

Mvoti Umzimkulu

Olifants Doorn

Food Security

Sustainable Water-wise Food GardenDoringbaai Multipurpose Centre

Semi-commercial scale

Capacity Building & Training

Big Roof Project - Bitterfontein

Rainwater harvesting Food Security

II

Job creation through agriculture (organic rooibos tea & vegetables)

Improve food security

Organic Rooibos Tea Nursery & Baby FoodBreevlei Landbou Wupperthal

Develop additional land

II

Job creation through agriculture (organic

vegetables)

Improve food security

Petersfield Youth Emerging FarmersPetersfield Citrusdal

Purchase additional land & water

II

Groundwater monitoring

& spring protection

Safer drinking waterIn deep rural areas

Swartruggens Ceres Karoo Groundwater Protection & Climate Change Monitoring

Climate change monitoring

IWRM South Africa

Challenges

Challenges

• Embedding concept of budget support• Synchronising of budgets especially

when more than one government department involved

• Allowing sufficient time for empowerment

• Balance between strategic and on the ground projects

Risks

• Human resources

• Donor budget support not achieving what intended to

• Continued marginalisation of vulnerable groups

• WMA dynamics skewed and approaches differ

Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development through IWRM - (1)

Top down &

bottom up

Making it

happenLearning &

adaptation

Healthy

catchments- protecting the

source of our water:

ecological services &

whole catchment

planning

Resilient

catchments- protecting water

resources under climate

chaos: resilience &

whole catchment

planning

Water for

emerging

black farmers- water is vital to the

second economy and

empowerment

of HDIs

Water

for industry- moving towards

sustainable production

in the energy, forestry

& commercial

farming sectors

Water

for all- access to basic

water services - multiple

use services - meet

Millennium Devt

goals

Delivering Transformation and Sustainable Development through IWRM - (2)

Energy

security

Climate

security

First

economyUnsustainable

production

in the energy, forestry

& commercial

farming sectors

First

economySustainable (resource

efficient) production

in the energy, forestry

& commercial

farming sectors

Second

economy- handouts

& dependency

Second

economy- sustainable

livelihoods &

empowerment

Food

security

Water

security

Transform

Transform

Way Forward

• Share our approach – influence yours ( SWAP)

• Learn from Masibambane / Sector

• Multiplier effect

• More holisitic approach to IWRM and water for growth and development