Data to design institutions for sustainable rural water services in Kenya and BangladeshRob Hope & colleagues, Oxford University
UNC Water & Health Conference 2018 – RWSN
Side EventTuesday 30th October
Sunflower Room
(Clifton, 2009)
(Greeff, 2014)
Thomson et al., 2012; 2018
Observed handpump usage and rainfall in Kenya
Thomson et al., 2018
Handpump behaviour to heavy rainfall- implications for managing climate variability
Water Diary data from coastal Bangladesh
Hoque & Hope, 2017; in prep
The monitoring system aims to balance: (i) processing data on the embedded system with on-board algorithms;(ii) transmission of “intelligent” data-summaries to a cloud, and (iii) processing of those summaries at cloud-based system.
Handpump Health Monitoring
What happens on the handpump?
Data Collection Pre-processing Feature Extraction Classify
Rawdata
Usabledata
Useful info
NormalVs.
Abnormal
Can a handpump tell it’s unwell?
?
Greeff et al., 2018
What happens in the cloud?
• Data is transmitted only once the handpump suspects its condition is deteriorating (to “amber” or “red”)
• Reduces cost of data-transmission and preserves battery• Cloud system can apply more powerful machine learning methods
to decide about the actual handpump condition
Greeff et al., 2018
Data - 229 years of financial records from 100 handpumpswith >50,000 payment records
Predictors of payment:• Distance to waterpoint• Water quality (pH, taste)• Productive use• Seasonality
Foster & Hope, 2016, 2017; Foster et al., 2018
Translating data into information for institutional design
- multi-decadal analysis of user payment behaviours in coastal Kenya
FundiFix – Local entrepreneurs powered by smart data
User payments contingent on service delivery
Finance contingent on performance-based data
Universal and sustainable
rural water services:
Different perspectives.
Common Goals
UNC Water & Health Conference 2018 – RWSN Side Event
Tuesday 30th October 08:30 – 12:00
Sunflower Room
Why this session?
Improvements in ICT have unlocked data that offers new opportunities to improve rural water service delivery
These also bring about risks of duplication of efforts, credibility of data and comparability of results
RWSN and its members have been promoting national monitoring systems (National) governments as duty bearers are responsible for monitoring services and
providing accountability
Centralised efforts for a common systems
One of the SWA collaborative behaviour principles
Recognition that to be valuable, data has to be transformed into information and used, but there are many different perspectives on uses
To what extent can the needs for the different uses of data be reconciled in national monitoring systems?
To what extent is there need for a universal set of indicators, similar to the international benchmarking system for utilities (IB-NET)?
How can we encourage a common system with standard indicators, whilst being open and flexible to new insights?
What? The programeTitle Time
Introduction- Introduction to session objectives, partners
- Bangladesh Case: ‘Operation & Maintenance Fund’ for Water infrastructures Nurul Osman
(HYSAWA)
08:30 – 08:50
Perspective 1: iNGO and civil society- Social Accountability – Sara Ahrari (Simavi)
- Group Exercise 1
08:50 – 09:25
Perspective 2: Donors & development partners- Updates on the Global Rural Water Metrics – Miguel Vargas-Ramirez (World Bank)
- XXX – Ellen Greggio (WaterAid)
- Group Exercise 2
09:25 – 10:00
Coffee Break 10:00 – 10:30
Recap 10:30 – 10:35
Researchers & Innovators-Systems thinking: What is it, how do we do it, benefits, and challenges, Elisabeth Liddle (Cambridge
University)
- Data to design institutions for sustainable rural water services in Kenya and Bangladesh, Rob Hope
(Oxford University)
10:35 – 11:05
Design Session- Group Exercise 3
11:05 – 11:45
Reflection & Conclusion 11:45 – 12:00
Who is who? • Chair: Stef Smits, Senior Programme Officer, IRC
• Presenters
– Nurul Osman, Managing Director, HYSAWA, Bangladesh
– Sara Ahrari, Programme Manager, Simavi, RWSN Topic Leader (Social
Accountability)
– Miguel Vargas-Ramirez, Focal Point for Rural Water Supply, World Bank Water
Global Practice
– Ellen Greggio, Water & Sanitation Specialist, WaterAid / RWSN Theme Leader
(Mapping & Monitoring)
– Lissie Liddle, a PhD student at Cambridge University and part of the UPGro
(Unlocking the Potential of Groundwater for the Poor) Hidden Crisis project.
– Prof. Rob Hope, Professor of Water Policy at Oxford University and lead of the
UPGro Gro for GooD project and REACH improving water security for the poor
programme.
• Facilitators, rapporteurs and other RWSN theme leaders: Sean Furey, Sandra Fürst and
Matthias Saladin (Skat Foundation), Miguel Vargas-Ramirez and Susanna Smets
(World Bank), Marieke Adank (IRC), Priya Nath (WaterAid), Andrew Armstrong (Water
Mission)
Perspective 1: NGOs and civil
society
Group Discussions: Case Study Question: For HYSAWA, where
does accountability lie in practice – with them,
or the government?
Wider question: what is the role of NGOs and
civil society in using and supporting national
monitoring systems and holding duty bearers
accountable?
Perspective 2: Development
partners
Group Discussion
Case Study: Would HYSAWA benefit from using harmonised indicators and benchmarking, or should they only collect data that directly informs operational decision-making?
Wider question: How can development partners support governments to develop national monitoring systems ?
Design Session
Group Exercise 3: Case Study: With the ideas and information
brought out in the session, formulate some recommendations on the process and content of HYSAWA’s information systems?
Wider: From the presentations, discussion and case study: what general recommendations can be made about how different actors, from their different needs and possibilities, can support national monitoring systems for rural water supply?
Where do we travel from here?
An RWSN publication on transforming data into information that is constructively useful to different actors who are working towards the common goal of SDG6.1
Agreement on international rural water supply benchmarking
Follow-up RWSN activities related to: Social accountability and Leave No-one Behind
Mapping and monitoring innovation and benchmarking
Research-into-Use
Social AccountabilitySara Ahrari, Simavi Programme Manager
Why ?The Social Accountability Model
(presented by Water Witness International)
Figure 1. Processes at play in delivery of social accountability aims (after Robinson 2016)
Aspects of accountability Responsiveness:• Effective Participation and engagement
between rights holders and duty bearers
Answerability• Access to information and participation• Complaint mechanisms
Enforceability • Access to justice • Who has power to enforce?
