DATOS KIMBERLITAS

7/25/2019 DATOS KIMBERLITAS

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ESTUDIO DE KIMBERLITAS

How to FindDiamond Deposits

Diamonds are a Geologist's Best Friend

Links

KIMBERLITE

Kimberlite is just one of several rock types found at the earth's

surface that sometimes

contains diamonds. More

than 40 kimberlites wereinitially mapped in the

Colorado-yomin! "tate

#ine district $%& this was

followed by mappin! of a

small kimberlite blow in the

"heep (ock district $)& a

major dike-blow comple* in the +ron Mountain district $,& and the

mappin! of a major lamproite district in the #eucite ills field $4&.

urin! research of this re!ion hundreds of other anomalies were

found.

Highwall exposing (blue-ground) kimberlite breccia at the Kelsey

Lake diamond mine, Colorado.

/he kimberlites occur as pipes dikes and blows.

Most appear to be deeply eroded su!!stin! apossibility for si!nificant diamond placers
http://diamondprospector.webs.com/http://diamondprospector.webs.com/http://diamondprospector.webs.com/apps/links/http://diamondprospector.webs.com/http://diamondprospector.webs.com/http://diamondprospector.webs.com/apps/links/


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downstream. ven so there has been absolutely no e*ploration for

diamond placers in this re!ion althou!h one 1t. Collins prospector

recovered diamonds in the early %230s while lookin! for !old in

(abbit Creek another panned a diamond with little effort in eor!e

Creek and placer diamonds were recovered in 1ish Creek durin!

e*ploration of Kelsey #ake $includin! a 5.) carat diamond&.

Cross section o Colorado-!yoming kimberlite.

Kimberlites found to date are primarily diatreme facies with lesser

hypabyssal facies. Many were initially found based on blue !round

e*posures ve!etation anomalies K+Ms

mantle nodues and depressions. 6thers

were found by !eophysics which led to

the discovery of another !roup of

kimberlite in the "tate #ine district that

were found with +M78/ !eophysics but

all remain une*plored and none drilled9

Let to right - blue

ground at "ultman

kimberlite, !yoming

exposed by badger.

#rilling at "ultman

kimberlite intersects

kimberlite at shallow depth (dark gray soil) and

granite (reddish soil). Contact exposed at

$chaer kimberlite showing the knie sharp

contact between the blue ground kimberlite and the sheared

granite.

iamond !rades of kimberlites ran!e from a trace diamond to %,:

carats;%00 tonnes based on diamond mills in the district that were

inefficient and typically rejected diamonds of all si


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to 20 carats. Much lar!er diamonds may have been rejected by mills

- for instance the mill at Kelsey #ake Colorado was poorly desi!ned

and rejected any diamond >40 carats in wei!ht9 +t also rejected

smaller diamonds.

%ernie &ree poses next to large granite xenolith in

mine rib at the $loan ' kimberlite, Colorado.

urin! recent e*ploration of the re!ion by the author

several hundred cryptovolcanic structures were

identified within the "tate #ine district as well as to

the south and north. Most are likely kimberlites based

on the distinct presence of blue !round circular to elliptical

depressions that are structually controlled and most enclosin!

lar!e rounded boulders. 7otentially %0 to %) previously unknown

kimberlite districts were discovered alon! with the numerous

kimberlites overlooked within the "tate #ine district. +t is likely that

the Colorado-yomin! re!ion is underlain by one of the lar!est

kimberlite-lamproite-lamprophyre provinces in the world9

? few kimberlites in the district had drilled resources. /hese include

the Kelsey #ake !roup and the"loan (anch !roup of kimberlites.

@ecause of the lar!e number of kimberlites in this re!ion that are

diamondiferous and are deeply eroded it is estimated that as much

as )000 feet of the vertical column of the pipes have eroded and

their diamond content carried downstream. /hus it is hi!hly likely

that streams like 1ish Creek (abbit Creek eor!e Creek and many

others drainin! into the 7oudre (iver in Colorado contain millions of

diamonds from lar!e to small - some potentially worth several

thousand to more than a hundred thousand dollars based on

diamonds sold from Kelsey #ake. iamonds are the hardest natural

substance on earth and in southern ?frica have been shown to

transport as far as 500 miles from their known source kimberlites in

the Kimberley re!ion to the ocean shores alon! western ?frica.

7rospectin! streams for diamonds in this re!ion of Colorado for

many miles downstream could be very productive.
http://sloan-kimberlite.blogspot.com/http://sloan-kimberlite.blogspot.com/


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Let - Hypabyssal acies

diamondierous kimberlite at

the $loan anch, Colorado.

ote the large pyrope

megacryst (gem-*uality Cape

uby).

%elow - Hypabyssal acies

diamondierous kimberlite

with large chromian diopside (Cape +merald) in matrix.

Kimberlite Pipes

Carrot-shaped volcanic pipes rising from the upper mantle 100-300km

beneath the crust. They are formed through the high-pressure eruption ofkimberlite magma, which epands and breaks rock as it reaches the crust.

!imberlites often contain diamonds, which re"uire an etreme amount ofpressure to form. This condition is satisfied because of the depth at which

kimberlites originate. The photograph shows the very top of a kimberlite pipethat was already mined.

#$%$ &$'$% ()*+%$C(+) ) #* )T%$% $ maimail

http/imagenes.mailmail.comcursospdfeemplo-completo.pdf
http://imagenes.mailxmail.com/cursos/pdf/ejemplo-completo.pdfhttp://imagenes.mailxmail.com/cursos/pdf/ejemplo-completo.pdf


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http/www.earth.o.ac.uk2oesisfieldmediumkimberlite.pg

MAJOR DIAMOND PROVINCE

DISCOVERED

Exploration of the Wyoming Craton

began in 1975 following the accidental

discovery of diamonds in a garnet

harzburgite peridotite! nodule

collected from a Wyoming

"imberlite# $ince this discovery% the

two largest "imberlite districts in the

&$ and the largest lamproite field inthe 'orth (merican craton were recognized and later mapped by the author
http://www.uoguelph.ca/geology/geol2250/glossary/HTML%20files/mainmenu.html


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W# )an *ausel!# Exploration of these regions resulted in more than

1+,%,,, diamonds recovered by various companies that ranged from

microdiamonds to -.#+ carats including one bro"en octahedral fragment

from a larger stone estimated by *oward Coopersmith to have been as

much as ., to 9, carats in weight!# *owever% mills built in this region were

so poorly designed that one can provide evidence that the facilities li"ely

re/ected more diamonds than they recovered#

0f the , "imberlites mapped in the $tate 2ine district alone% all yielded

diamonds% but the grade of the deposits remains unresolved# 3ust in -,,4

,7% *ausel found 1- prviously un"nown districts in this region along with

more than +,, high6uality cryptovolcanic structures many are li"ely

"imberlites and a few represent two of the largest in the world#

n addition to these structures% 8+,,

"imberlitic indicator mineral anomalies

were identified to the north in research

study in the 19.,s headed by *ausel#

(s incredible as it sounds% only a

handful of thesewere ever explored#

Within the $tate 2ine district% one

geophysical firm identified a large

group of E and mag anomalies that are thought to be related to blind

hidden! diamond pipes#

14.2 carat octahedron from Kelsey Lake Colorado.

*undreds of other : anomalies were identified to the west in a region

covering 8-5, s6uare miles where diamondiferous lamprophyres were

discovered# : anomalies ; diamonds have also been identified in the

ow ountains% ?reen =iver >asin% @owder =iver >asin% $weetgrass *ills%

>ighorn ountains etc#

Raw Wyoming diamond showing

excellent trigons on surface of stone.


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n the 2eucite *ills lamproite field and other localities% several diamond

stability indicator minerals were recovered and no followup wor" ever

conducted as of -,,9!#

Ahe Wyoming Craton% based on these discoveries% is a ma/or unexplored!

"imberlitelamproitelamprophyre province# )uring the past +, years% we

have collected a very sizable data base on

these anomalies#

Assortment of kimerlitic indicator minerals

including !ur!le !yro!e" red" orange and

!ink !yro!e garnets #Ca!e ruies$" chromian

dio!side #Ca!e emeralds$" !icroilmenite and

chromite.

%elow & two faceted Ca!e ruies from diamondiferous lam!ro!hyres and

anthills in the Cedar 'ountain region" (reen Ri)er %asin" southwestern"

Wyoming.

Kimberlites Discovered at Chidliak Projec

Peregrine Diamonds Ltd. discovered eight kimberlites at theChidliak Project. The kimberlites were discovered during Peregrine Diamonds Ltdsexploration of diamond deposits in the Canadian rctic alongside !"P !illiton Ltd. The
http://www.abazias.com/diamondblog/diamond-news/kimberlites-discovered-at-chidliak-projecthttp://www.abazias.com/diamondblog/diamond-news/kimberlites-discovered-at-chidliak-project


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#ancouver based Peregrine noted that the price of drilling and rock sampling in thisarea$ !affin %sland$ will increase from &'(.) million to &').( million in this *ear alone. %tis believed b* +ohn ,aiser$ publisher of ,aiser !ottom-ish /nline$ a mining industr*newsletter$ that Chidliak$ which is located more than 0$111 kilometers north of /ttawa$is a great new discover* and will *ield a large amount ofloose diamonds.

This summers exploration was intended for the purpose of discovering newkimberlites. This endeavor has recentl* discovered eight new ones$ six of which werelocated on the surface and two located b* drilling. 2ith this sort of success it is nosurprise that !"P is financiall* supporting the exploration in hopes of obtaining amajorit* stake in Chidliak$ as the financial outcome will be ver* beneficial for them inthe long run. !"P will consider working towards gaining )34 of the ownership$ but thatwont be discussed until later on this *ear.

Peregrine is also striving for a mine in Chidliak and$ according to !rooke Clements$their president$ alread* have a good chance for a mine. %t is now a matter of finding outif their mine will si5e up to the !"P mine that has alread* been established. Theseongoing projects and discoveries in Chidliak have confirmed to !rooke Clements that

the exploration in Chidliak has started well with room for improvement. Clements wenton stating that the recent discoveries prove the value of this area and their overallpotential to *ieldlarge 6uantities of diamondsin the future. Clements believes that theexperience gained from recent exploration will result in further advancements as wellas the increase of exploration will result in exponential diamond finds in Chidliak andbe*ond.

The eight new kimberlites have brought the total number discovered during theduration of this exploration to 78. C"-'9$ located farthest south$ extends approximatel*81 kilometers in a northern direction and 01 kilometers in the eastern direction. C"-7'islocated roughl* five kilometers from C" -'9 and C"-7( through C"-78 are positionedrelativel* close to one another on the eastern portion of the Project. The kimberlite atC"-71 is considered similar to that of C"-8 and Ch-'1. inall*$ Ch-77 is considered tobe a magmatic kimberlite. The samples from these kimberlite regions are all being sentto :askatchewan ;esearch Council for diamond examination.

%t is obvious that the exploration taking place at the Chidliak Project has been 6uitesuccessful thus far. The 78 kimberlites discovered there is great evidence that there isa good deal of diamonds to offset the costs of the drilling occurring at Chidliak.Peregrine Chief


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ile=,imberlite picture.jpgrom 2ikipedia$ the free enc*clopedia

ile

ile histor*

ile links

>lobal file usage

?etadata
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filelinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#globalusagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#metadatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filehistoryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#filelinkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#globalusagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg#metadata


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:i5e of this preview= 311 @ 811 pixels

ull resolutionA($1B7 @ 7$(10 pixels$ file si5e= '.)0 ?!$ ?%?< t*pe= imagejpeg

Description#icture of a diamond-bearing kimberlite rock, from a mine somewhere in the 4. 5iamonds ar

Date

Source+wn work

Author7oudloper

Permission(Reusing this fle) 4ee below.

[edit]Licensing

This fle is licensed under the Creative CommonsAttributio
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kimberlite_picture.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Woudloperhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimediahttp://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg&action=edit&section=2http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tagshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commonshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.enhttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kimberlite_picture.jpghttp://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/76/Kimberlite_picture.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Woudloperhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Reusing_content_outside_Wikimediahttp://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Kimberlite_picture.jpg&action=edit&section=2http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:Copyright_tagshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/en:Creative_Commonshttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/1.0/deed.en


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Description=Picture of

a diamond-bearing

kimberlite rock, from

a mine somewhere in

the U! (Diamonds are

not "isible# |

ource=self-made |

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Esage on he.wikipedia.org

FGHIJKG

GMNFNHO HQ

GORK-SIFHNR

Esage on it.wikipedia.org

,imberlite

Esage on nl.wikipedia.org

,imberliet

enocr*st

Esage on nn.wikipedia.org

,imberlitt

Metadata

This file contains additional information$ probabl* added from the digital camera or

scanner used to create or digiti5e it. %f the file has been modified from its original state$

some details ma* not full* reflect the modified file.Camera

manuacturer3ASTA4 567A5 C68A4Y

Camera model567A5 3ASYS9A3 ;+10

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1/:,0# 1* 7ecember ,00+


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DIAMANT

timolog!a"

Del griego adamantos$ indomable$ duro.

#$rm%la &%!mica"

C

Pro'iedades (!sicas"

Sistema:Cristalino$ siempre se presenta encristales 6ue a veces$ poseen caras curvas *estrUas. Hbito:la forma mVs frecuente es eloctaedro$ * el cubo$ menos comWn es eldodecaedroX el cubo * el tetraedro son raros.Dureza: '1. Densidad: ($). Color:las especiespuras son incoloras$ transparentes$ a veces conmatices de color rojo$ marrYn$ amarillo$ a5ul * otroscolores. Brillo:mu* intenso Aadamantino. Puedeestar maclado$ * es frecuente la maclatipo

espinela.

Descri'ci$n"

:e distinguen las siguientes variedades= Diamante$ cristales aislados * grupos de cristalesApiedra preciosaX esferas de borto balVs$ masas densas e irregulares$ frecuentementefibrosorradiadas$ en pocas palabras$ abarca toda suerte de Diamante 6ue no puede utili5arsecomo piedra preciosaX * carbonado$ 6ue son cantos rodados del tamaZo de un guisante al de unhuevo$ de aspecto semejante al del co6ue o de una escoria de carbYn$ compacto a granudo$negro a gris$ de superficie negra * brillante * fractura concoidea * mate.


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noreste * en la >ran :abana. ran:abana$ se debe al doctor Lucas ernVnde5 PeZa$ 6ue llegY a ella en el aZo de '970$ seestableciY a 71 ,m.$ de la frontera con el !rasil en el cerro curimV$ cerca del rUo Eair[n * fundYel pueblo de :anta uainiamo.

Con respecto a los depYsitos asociados a los aluviones de terra5as$ poco se ha hecho paraexplorar esas extensas 5onas tan comunes en muchos de los grandes rUos de


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Pedro de las !ocas$ ;Uo ]uruar* * ;Uo ]uruVn.

DepYsitos del ;Uo CaronU$ ran :abana$ con ma*or o menor intensidad$ muestran presencia de diamantes

en aluviones. La abundancia se incrementa al entrar el rUo en los profundos valles de alormaciYn ;oraima$ caracteri5Vndose por las concentraciones de Diamante al igual 6ue enErimVn$ ve6ui$ Parupa * :an :alvador de PaWl. La presencia de Diamante se ha comprobadohasta aproximadamente la desembocadura del rUo ntabareX desde a6uU hasta los raudales deTu*uca*$ el rUo CaronU disminu*e significativamente su contenido de diamantes hasta casi 6uedarest[ril.

DepYsitos del Vrea de >uaniamo$ rande * sus principales afluentes$la 5ona de ma*or producciYn en el Distrito ?inero de >uaniamo$ comprenden dos tiposesenciales= la grava diamantUfera 6ue se asienta sobre el sustrato formado por rocas Ugneas

Adiabasas como por ejemplo en la mina de La :alvaciYn$ * la 6ue reposa sobre una arcillaverdea5ulada proveniente de la descomposiciYn de esa * otras rocas esencialmenteferromagnesianas. mbos tipos estVn fuertemente minerali5ados$ especialmente el segundo$donde la naturale5a plVstica * lubricante de la arcilla actWa como mesa de grasa natural 6uealmacena los diamantes.

Las gravas$ 6ue aparentan derivarse directamente de rocas granUticas * rocas bVsicas$ tienen unespesor mu* bajo * por lo general mu* angulares. ran guUa de la naturale5a Minerales y Cristales. ?adrid.


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?%\%:T


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(e&g&"ultramaficlamroh!res" carbonatitesand olivine lamroites%look suerficiall! similar to kimberlites& 0eologistsinvolved in diamond e*loration use a ide arra!of anal!tical tools and methods hen searching forthese uni)ue and beautiful rocks&

Shon on this age are:1-''er right2 Kimberlite intrusion (greenish gra!% ingranite (red%& Kelse! 3ake diamond mine" Colorado41Middle right2 5olcaniclastic kimberlite (dark gra! inthe near vie% e*osed b! mining in the /678 it"Diavik diamond mines (9orthest ,erritories"Canada%4 light-gra! rocks in the background are/rchean granites of the Slave craton41Lo.er right2 Small outcro of macrocr!st-richkimberlite dike near the ron 'ountain" ;!oming4large black sots are ilmenite macrocr!sts4

1-''er le(t2 ,he three ma.orkimberlite facies: h!ab!ssalkimberlite containing numerousolivine macrocr!sts" 3ac de 0raskimberlite field" 9;, (left%4diatreme-facies tuffisitic kimberlitebreccia containing abundant*enoliths of sedimentar! countr!-

rock" arth?s uer mantle& ,he field ofvie is @8 mm across&
http://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/pictures/gloss.pdfhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/pictures/gloss.pdfhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/carbonatite.htmlhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/lamproite.htmlhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/pictures/gloss.pdfhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/pictures/gloss.pdfhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/carbonatite.htmlhttp://umanitoba.ca/geoscience/faculty/arc/lamproite.html


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eolo!ical "urvey of Canada

'ineralogical and geochemical signatures of kimberlites in glacialsediments" Kirkland 3ake" #ntarioKimberlite ndicator 'inerals

$everal minerals% when found in glacial sediments% are useful indicators ofthe presence of "imberlite% and to a certain extent% in evaluation of thediamond potential of "imberlite# Ahese minerals are far more abundant in

"imberlite than diamond% survive glacial transport% and are visually andchemically distinct# Crpyrope purple colour% "elyphite rims!% eclogitic

garnet orangered!% Crdiopside pale to emerald green!% gilmenite

blac"% conchoidal fracture!% chromite reddishblac"% irregular to octahedralcrystal shape!% and olivine pale yellowgreen! are the most commonly used

"imberlite indicator minerals in drift prospecting% although in rare cases%diamond is abundant enough to be its own indicator# :imberlite indicator

minerals are recovered from the medium to very coarse sandsized fraction

of glacial sediments% and analyzed by electron microprobe to confirm theiridentification#


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concentrates of 1, to -, "g glacial sediment samples and analyzed at the?$C using a four spectrometer Cameca $B5, electron microprobe#

M!-ilmenite

gilmenitelarger image

3@E?% .#. "b% ,, B +5-%noticeD

gilmenite glmenite occurs in many of the (rchean roc"s in the:ir"land 2a"e area as well as in "imberlite# :imberlitic ilmenites can be

distinguished from other ilmenites by their high g0 content% typicallycontaining 8 wt## lmenites from the (% >+,% C1 and )iamond 2a"e

"imberlites red dots! contain to 15 wt# g0% and are low in Cr-0+% mostgrains contain F1 wt# Cr-0+# ?lacial sediments blue dots! contain

"imberlitic ilmenite as well as ilmenite form other sources# Each "imberlite

has a distinct Cr-0+versus g0 signature that is mimic"ed by the glacialsediments and "imberlite boulders collected downice% as shown in the

Cr-0+versus g0 plots#


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)istribution of gilmenite grains in overburden drill holes south of the

)iamond 2a"e "imberlite#larger image

?


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abundance of ?1, garnets in the "imberlites and glacial sediments isconsistent with the low diamond grades of these pipes#

7yrope

Aop of page

Chromite

Chromitelarger image

3@E?% +-#7 "b% ,, B +-%noticeD

Chromite associated with diamonds has a high Cr-0+content 84, wt# !and moderate to high level 1-14 wt#! of g0# Ahe compositions ofchromites from the (% >+,% C1 and )iamond 2a"e "imberlites represent a

GpoorG chromite population with only a few chromite xenocrysts approachingthe diamond inclusion field# Ahis is consistent with the trace 6uantities of

diamonds found in these pipes# Chromite grains in glacial sediments show

similar compositions to those from the "imberlites% suggesting many of thegrains are from "imberlite#

Aop of page
http://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphphttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_12.jpghttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/aid_e.php#imageshttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphphttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_12.jpghttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_11.gifhttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_10.gifhttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_9.gifhttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_8.gifhttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphphttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphphttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_12.jpghttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/images/kimberlite_12.jpghttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/aid_e.php#imageshttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphphttp://gsc.nrcan.gc.ca/diamonds/kirkland/kimberlite_e.php#tphp


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Cr-diopside

Crdiopsidelarger image

3@E?% 1+7# "b% ,, B +51% noticeD

Crdiopside Crrich 8,#5 wt# Cr-0+! diopside is easily identified by its

distinctive green colour# t indicates the presence of "imberlite but provideslittle information on the presence of diamonds in the "imberlite# Cr

diopsides in the :ir"land 2a"e area occur in ultramafic roc"s as well as"imberlites% although only "imberlites contain very Crrich 81#5 wt#

Cr-0+! diopsides# Ahe >+,% (% C1 and )iamond 2a"e "imberlites contain

pale green ,#5 wt# Cr-0+! to bright green 1#, to #, wt# Cr-0+! Crdiopside# Ahe presence of Crdiopside is not a useful "imberlite indicator on

its own% because of the ubi6uitous distribution of Crdiopside grains inglacial sediments across the :ir"land 2a"e region and the difficulty in

distinguishing between Crdiopsides from "imberlite and those from otherroc"s#

Aop of page

6livine

0livine

larger image3@E?% 1#9 "b% ,, B +51%noticeD

0livine has hitherto rarely been used as "imberlite indicator mineral since it

occurs in abundance in basalts and other ultramafic roc"s and is not uni6ue

to "imberlite# t is% however% the most abundant mineral in the upper mantlemain component of peridotite! and occurs as a macrocryst and phenocryst
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phase in "imberlite# t is often the most abundant mineral in heavy mineralconcentrates from "imberlites# 0livine from "imberlite and peridotite is

g0rich close to the forsterite endmember of the olivine solid solutionseries! and is colourless to pale yellow or pale green# ts chemistry is

characterized by high gnumber gHgI


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!ig "ole in ,imberl*$ :outh frica

kimberlite model

kimberlite pipe

kimberlite pipe
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formation of kimberlite pipe

Kimberlite 5olcanoes
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s the kimberlite magma approaches the earths surface$an explosive reaction takes place between groundwater$the molten kimberlite$ and dissolved gases in thekimberlite. n explosive volcanic eruption follows$ resultingin the formation of a kimberlite pipe or vent.

%n the classic :outh frican model$ the kimberlite magmabegins at depth as a series of d*kes$ sills$ and blows thatflare into a tapered carrot-shaped subvolcanic diatremeabout one kilometre below the surface. Due to explosiverelease of pressure near the surface$ a kimberlite crater isdeveloped which is filled b* shallow crater-facies deposits.

,imberlite volcanoes have breached the crust throughoutgeological histor* with the *oungest event recogni5ed inCanada as about )1 million *ears before present.


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imberlitic Rocks o *e+ ,ork State

7estern )ew 8ork 4tate is noted for its flat-lying, sandstones, limestones, dolostones, siltstones, and shale

9owever, some very interesting igneous rocks can be found as dikes: intruding these #aleo;oic sedimenta

in a narrow band that etends from the vicinity of (thaca, through the 4yracuse area, and beyond to +gden

the 4t.


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,he images belo illustrate both field occurrences" and collected secimens" of a fe of the more

currentl! knon to occur in central 9e ork State from S!racuse to thaca& ,here are undoubted

glacial cover" under ater" or that .ust haven?t been recognized !et&

?ield and s!ecimen ima&es b" 8aul 7udle" !hotomicro&ra!hs courtes" o 7avid aile".

This is all that>s left eposed of the original Eserpentine bodyE that wasdiscovered by +ren %oot on Ireen 4treet, 4yracuse in 13D. This highly

serpentini;ed 5chemically altered6 mica peridotite apparently is the first

description of this type of rock anywhere in the world. 4uch rocks are now

generally known as kimberlites, although the term kimberliticmay be a

better word due to a lack of a definitive definition of what should constitute

a true kimberlite.

This small portion of the outcrop is being engulfed by a bo alder tree on a

vacant city lot, ust north of the 4yracuse niversity campus, and is in

danger of being forever lost to urban development.

The right-hand portion of this

shows the interlocking crystal

lose and incorporated in the m

4treet dike. 4uch chunks of E

are called%enolits, or foreign

the serpentini;ed kimberlite.


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4everal large chunks of loose EkimberliteE were found near the outcrop

pictured below and salvaged by participants on the )84I$ field trip to the

locality on ? 4eptember ?00D. This freshly broken surface shows large

dark crystals enclosed in a the fine groundmass. The larger crystals are

primarily olivine that has been largely altered to serpentine through the

addition of water. 9owever, some of the crystals may have cores of

unaltered olivine.

+livine 4erpentine

g,*e?4i+G g34i+@5+96G

This s!ecimen sho$s a re

$eathered surace on the

tend to more closel" rese

in $hich the" intrude. Thi

the feld.


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The bro$n mineral in this thin section rom the 7e$itt eservoir

site is !hlo&o!ite mica.

This 7e$itt thin section sho$s a ser!entinied olivine cr"stal in

the u!!er-let# and a !"ro!e &arnet $ith a dark reaction rin& in

the lo$er-ri&ht. The remainder o the rock is the fne-&rained

&round mass !rimaril" o ser!entinied olivine# ma&netite#

!hlo&o!ite mica# and dio!side.

This is the side of the valley

The area bounded by the yell

parallel, dikes. The main reas

recogni;ed may be due to less

the surrounding shales. $lso,

to the surrounding rocks.


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The rock in the center is one o the three dikes in the Clintonville

dike one outlined in the !revious !icture. 4ote the distinct

contacts bet$een the kimberlite and the surroundin& &re" shale.

This dike is about a oot $ide.

The large, boat-shaped crystal

well formed olivine crystal th

Several dikes are e=!osed in the bed o Tau&hannock Creek# both

above and belo$ the ,1/ oot $aterall. The bro$nish colored

rocks sho$n here are $eathered kimberlite. 4ote that the dike

s!lits into t$o# $hich is a common occurrence. Tau&hannock

This is a !ortion o a Tau&

diDerence in color bet$ee

intruded &re" shale.


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Creek Eo$s into the $est side o Ca"u&a


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This dike on the Eoor o Glen$ood Creek# about * miles south o

Tau&hannock Creek# eroded a bit slo$er than the surroundin&

shale. Thereore# this dike sho$s u! as a sli&ht dam e=tendin&

across the creek durin& times o lo$ $ater.

This hi&hl" $eathered dik

Fust to the ri&ht o the &re

and e=tends to near the tr

illustrates ho$ diBcult it c

dikes in the feld.

7urin& our club feld tri! to the Car&ill Cor!. salt mine in


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9o$ever# it turns out that this is not true. At least one dike has

been intersected and studied. )t occurred at a de!th o 0. mile#

and $as e=!osed or *00 eet in the mine $orkin&s. This sam!le

o kimberlite and surroundin& halite $as collected in the mine#

and is in the collection o the 4e$ York State useum.

The 8ortland 8oint limesto

the older under&round sal

collected at this uarr"# a

limestone host rock. The !

the mine &eolo&ists to !re

This thin section rom a 8ortland 8oint sam!le is vie$ed under!lain !olaried li&ht '!olaried in one direction onl"(. ineral

cr"stals a!!ear in their natural colors. The lar&e &re" cr"stal in

the lo$er-let is dio!side $ith a reaction rim o s!inels. The "ello$

cr"stals are ser!entinied olivine. The small dark# suare-sha!ed

cr"stals are !robabl" !erovskite 'CaTi6*(.

This is the same as the im

crossed !olaried li&ht. Tbecause o its birefringenc

s!eed at $hich li&ht is tra

o the cr"stal. The coloru

mica# and the ser!entinie

lookin&. The !ale# !astel

ma&nesite '&C6*(.

D/'#9D 9>;S


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/0A, DIAM)ND/1 2,IC0) D,ILLIN3 INT,/CT/ M), KIM4,LITT0AN 5PCTD

A&7&66" 6$:$ ?ining

:hear Diamondshas announced the

commencement of its spring drilling program at its

'114 owned +ericho Diamond Projectin

\unavut$ Canada. The first drill hole within the

+ericho open pit into the +ericho ,imberlite

Complex has been completed and intersected

more kimberlitethan expected based on the past

models.

s part of the ongoing exploration program$ a

series of six angled drill holes have been planned

to test areas of the +ericho ,imberlite Complex

where it is felt that additional data points are

re6uired.

Drilling is also underwa* on the second hole from the ice surface at the bottom of

the open pit to test a contact in the Central Lobe on the kimberlites west side.

The goal for 71'' is to refine and augment the existing geological model for the

+ericho ,imberlite Complex as well as discover new kimberlites nearb*$ said

:hear President and C


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omentarios(#

stekuna#3l ,* 4oviembre ,00H# diFo:

I$anen& kimberlite "ields about 1.* carats o diamonds !er ton o rock. The hi&h !ro!ortiono &em-ualit" diamonds makes it the richest diamond mine in the 2orld. The ore containsother minerals such as &arnets# visible here# but the" are not recovered.Translate

e&Jstrate!ara comentar. 3ntrasi "a estKs re&istrado.
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71'' >oogle -%mVgenes 71''$ Datos de mapa 71'' -T[rminos de uso
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7111 pies' kmen I$anen& 7istrict# ots$ana

3es diamants : une origine lus comle*e )ue rvue

Par Laurent :acco$ utura-:ciences

#n ensait assez bien comrendre les conditions goh!si)ues etgochimi)ues de la formation des diamants& Si l?on e*cete lesEcarbonadoF" ils roviennent tous de zones rofondes souslacroGteterrestre et sont amens en surface ar des rutionsvolcani)ues&De rcentes anal!ses isotoi)ues viennent de erturber )uel)ue eu lesimages simles sur ces conditions de formation&
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Coue d?une Kimberlite(Crdits : ud! ;ahl%&

Le Dr ill.


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Chemine diamantifIre" Kimberle!

/%r le m6me s%jet

Date post:	28-Feb-2018
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